Teaching 1882–2018

This Generation Will Not Pass Away

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Also known as This Generation · The Generation of 1914 · The 1914 Generation · The Generation That Will Not Pass Away · The Generation That Will Not Pass · Matthew 24:34 Generation · Overlapping Generation · Two Overlapping Groups of Anointed Christians

The interpretation of Matthew 24:34 developed through several distinct stages. In 1882, under Russell, the generation was understood as people of the existing age who would not all pass away before Christ's presence and the coming regeneration. In 1897, the expression was connected with contemporaries witnessing prophetic signs, and possible calculations of the generation were discussed in relation to 1780, 1833, 1878, and the anticipated culmination around 1914–1915. In 1910, the generation witnessing the signs was still expected to experience the completed change of dispensation. Under Rutherford, the expectation of an approaching tribulation within the present generation continued in 1925, but in 1927 the generation was reinterpreted as the new creation, Christ's anointed followers. This interpretation was reflected in 1929. Under Knorr, the generation was again applied to witnesses of Kingdom signs in 1944, and from 1950–1951 it was explicitly associated with people living when the prophetic events began in 1914. In 1968, the emphasis narrowed to individuals mature enough to comprehend those events. This distinction was maintained under Franz, with an explicit exclusion of babies born during World War I in 1978. In 1984, the definition broadened to include babies alive around 1914. The publications continued to expect some members of the 1914 generation to witness the end, with an emphatic statement in 1985. The same expectation was repeated in 1992–1994 under the Governing Body. In November 1995, the teaching was reversed: the generation was identified principally with contemporary people who witnessed Christ's presence but failed to reform, and its lifespan was no longer presented as a means of calculating the nearness of Armageddon. This understanding was repeated through 1999 and acknowledged in 2000. In February 2008, the generation was reidentified as Christ's anointed followers who recognized the sign of his presence. In April 2010, the explanation was refined to include two overlapping groups of anointed Christians, one associated with 1914 and the other with anointed contemporaries of the first group. In 2014, the qualification was specified: members of the first group had to be anointed by 1914, and members of the second group had to receive their anointing while members of the first group were still alive. A 2018 publication continued to teach that a particular generation would witness the signs of the last days. No later doctrinal replacement was verified in the publications searched through October 2026.

15readings
54quotes
6changes

Key moments

  1. 1882 Introduced The generation was understood as people of the existing age who would not all pass away before Christ's presence and the regeneration.
  2. 1897–1910 Refined The generation referred to contemporaries witnessing prophetic signs near the close of the Gospel age. Various possible calculations were discussed, involving 1780, 1833, 1878, 1914, and approximately 1915. Those witnessing the signs were expected to see the completed change of dispensation.
  3. 1927–1929 Reversal The generation was reinterpreted as the new creation, consisting of Christ's anointed followers. Members of the spiritual remnant were expected to remain on earth until Armageddon and witness the Kingdom's complete establishment.
  4. 1944 Reversal The generation was again described as those witnessing the Kingdom signs in the present time, rather than exclusively the spiritual new creation.
  5. 1950–1967 Refined The generation was explicitly identified with people alive when the prophetic events began in 1914. Some were expected to live until Armageddon. The generation was understood as a human lifetime rather than a period of a fixed number of years. Seventy or eighty years was considered a possible lifespan, but the precise date of Armageddon could not be calculated.
  6. 1968–1976 Narrowed The interpretation emphasized persons sufficiently mature to perceive and understand the events of 1914. One publication used the example of people aged fifteen in 1914 to argue that little time remained. Later statements continued to expect the end within the lifetime of that generation.
  7. 1984–1991 Broadened The definition was broadened to include babies born around 1914 and others alive at the time. The publications continued to teach that the end would occur before the entire generation disappeared. In 1985, they explicitly stated that God's judgment had to take place before the 1914 generation died out.
  8. 1995–2000 Reversal The generation was reinterpreted as contemporary people who observed the sign of Christ's presence but did not reform their conduct. The term was no longer treated as a basis for calculating Armageddon from the lifespan of those alive in 1914. The interpretation was repeated in 1997 and 1999, and a publication in 2000 acknowledged the earlier clarification.
  9. 2008 Reversal The interpretation was reversed from the explanation centered on wicked unbelievers. The generation was identified with Christ's faithful anointed followers, who could recognize the sign of his presence and understand its meaning. The publications stated that some of these anointed Christians would remain alive until the great tribulation began. The length of the generation was not considered calculable.
  10. 2010 Refined The generation was explained as two overlapping groups of spirit-anointed Christians. The first group was associated with the beginning of the prophetic sign in 1914. The second group consisted of anointed Christians whose lives overlapped with those of the first group and who would witness the beginning of the great tribulation. The length of the generation remained undefined, but it was taught that it had a definite end.
  11. 2014 Refined The two-group interpretation was specified further. The first group consisted of anointed Christians who were already spirit-anointed in or before 1914 and recognized the beginning of Christ's presence. The second group consisted of other anointed Christians whose periods of life as anointed believers overlapped with those of the first group. Anointed Christians who received their anointing only after the death of the last member of the first group were excluded. Some of the second group were expected to witness the beginning of the great tribulation.
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Russell

Charles Taze Russell · 1877–1916

2 readings
  1. 1882 Introduced

    The generation was understood as people of the existing age who would not all pass away before Christ's presence and the regeneration.

    1 quote
    We understand that he used the word generation in distinction from the word regeneration; in other words, that he gave them to understand that he would be present before the regeneration, and before the people of this age should pass away ("this generation shall not pass till all these things be fulfilled") for (`ver. 38`) "as in those days, those before the deluge...thus will be the presence of the Son of man."
    The Watchtower, April 1, 1882
  2. 1897–1910 Refined

    The generation referred to contemporaries witnessing prophetic signs near the close of the Gospel age. Various possible calculations were discussed, involving 1780, 1833, 1878, 1914, and approximately 1915. Those witnessing the signs were expected to see the completed change of dispensation.

    4 quotes
    Other uses of this Greek word (genea) prove that it is not used with the significance of race, but in reference to people living contemporaneously.
    The Battle of Armageddon, 1897
    A "generation" might be reckoned as equivalent to a century (practically the present limit) or one hundred and twenty years, Moses' lifetime and the Scripture limit.
    The Battle of Armageddon, 1897
    Or, since the Master said, "When ye shall see all these things," and since "the sign of the Son of Man in heaven," and the budding fig tree, and the gathering of "the elect" are counted among the signs, it would not be inconsistent to reckon the "generation" from 1878 to 1914—36 1/2 years— about the average of human life today.
    The Battle of Armageddon, 1897
    The generation which witnesses the signs promised in the verses preceding our lesson and which witnesses this putting forth of the green leaves of hope by Israel will see to the full the accomplishment of the glorious change of Dispensation so long foretold.
    The Watchtower, November 1, 1910

Rutherford

Joseph F. Rutherford · 1917–1942

2 readings
  1. 1925 Unchanged

    The present generation was expected to experience the approaching tribulation, and Christ's servants were instructed to warn those willing to listen.

    1 quote
    The time has again come when the servants of Christ must warn all who will hear to save themselves from the tribulation which is hastening on this present generation.
    The Watchtower, October 1, 1925
  2. 1927–1929 Reversal

    The generation was reinterpreted as the new creation, consisting of Christ's anointed followers. Members of the spiritual remnant were expected to remain on earth until Armageddon and witness the Kingdom's complete establishment.

    2 quotes
    The irresistible conclusion therefore is that Jesus referred to the new creation when he said: "This generation shall not pass until all these things be fulfilled."
    The Watchtower, February 15, 1927
    Jesus indicated that the true followers of Christ who would compose the remnant on earth at the end of the world would observe these things, and that if continuing faithful to the end, they would see the kingdom of God established in complete glory.
    The Watchtower, August 15, 1929

Knorr

Nathan H. Knorr · 1942–1977

3 readings
  1. 1944 Reversal

    The generation was again described as those witnessing the Kingdom signs in the present time, rather than exclusively the spiritual new creation.

    1 quote
    Then to the generation witnessing these Kingdom signs he issued the warning against becoming weighted down and preoccupied by the things of this world, saying: "This generation shall not pass away, till all be fulfilled. Heaven and earth shall pass away: but my words shall not pass away."—Matthew 24; Mark 13; Luke 21.
    The Kingdom Is At Hand, 1944
  2. 1950–1967 Refined

    The generation was explicitly identified with people alive when the prophetic events began in 1914. Some were expected to live until Armageddon. The generation was understood as a human lifetime rather than a period of a fixed number of years. Seventy or eighty years was considered a possible lifespan, but the precise date of Armageddon could not be calculated.

    11 quotes
    The consummation of the present system of things has been reached. Bible chronology and fulfilled prophecy—total world wars, famines, pestilent diseases, earthquakes, heart-stopping sorrows and fears—are signs of the times or milestones, notifying men and nations where they are on the stream of time. The thirty-six intervening years since 1914, instead of postponing Armageddon, have only made it nearer than most people think.
    The Watchtower, November 1, 1950
    This therefore means that from 1914 a generation shall not pass till all is fulfilled, and amidst a great time of trouble.
    The Watchtower, July 1, 1951
    Some persons living A.D. 1914 when the series of foretold events began will also be living when the series ends with Armageddon.
    The Watchtower, September 1, 1952
    The generation that began to see these things in 1914 will witness the final accumulated judgments of Jehovah God, though some individuals who are part of this generation may die before the end of this world's system of things takes place.
    The Watchtower, February 15, 1953
    It is the generation of people now living who have the opportunity of learning the Bible and surviving the world’s end.
    The Watchtower, June 1, 1959
    We, then, are the generation that will not pass away till there is fulfilled that “great tribulation such as has not occurred since the world’s beginning until now, no, nor will occur again.”
    The Watchtower, April 15, 1961
    Concerning these events, Jesus declared: “Note the fig tree and all the other trees: When they are already in the bud, by observing it you know for yourselves that now the summer is near. In this way you also, when you see these things occurring, know that the kingdom of God is near. Truly I say to you, This generation will by no means pass away until all things occur.”—Luke 21:29-32. The generation that sees the start of these foretold events, Jesus showed, would live to see the end. What events?
    The Watchtower, March 1, 1962
    Even if we were to use seventy or eighty years as the length of a generation, this would not enable us to determine the time for Armageddon’s commencement.
    Awake!, September 22, 1962
    Referring to those who would witness the beginning of those strange events, he added: "This generation will by no means pass away until all these things occur." (Verse 34) Since A.D. 1914 the generation of your grandparents has witnessed these things taking place. The majority have paid no attention. How about you? Will you take note? It is still not too late, and your everlasting future depends upon your doing so.
    The Watchtower, March 1, 1964
    It is evident that this generation that saw the beginning of these things in 1914 is the notable one about which Jesus spoke!
    The Watchtower, May 15, 1965
    However, the expression "this generation" was used by Jesus to mark a very limited period of time, the life-span of members of a generation of people living during the time that certain epoch-making events occurred.
    The Watchtower, December 15, 1967
  3. 1968–1976 Narrowed

    The interpretation emphasized persons sufficiently mature to perceive and understand the events of 1914. One publication used the example of people aged fifteen in 1914 to argue that little time remained. Later statements continued to expect the end within the lifetime of that generation.

    5 quotes
    Even if we presume that youngsters 15 years of age would be perceptive enough to realize the import of what happened in 1914, it would still make the youngest of "this generation" nearly 70 years old today.
    Awake!, October 8, 1968
    Think about those persons who, in 1914, were old enough to see with understanding the beginning of the fulfillment of the "sign."
    Awake!, April 22, 1973
    He pointedly said: "Truly I say to you that this generation will by no means pass away until all these things occur." —Matt. 24:34. The '1914 generation' has nearly run out, with most of the people who were alive then having already died. The remainder are of advanced age. Thus there is full reason for confidence that God's time is indeed at hand to bring true relief from earth's present pressures and afflictions.
    Awake!, April 8, 1974
    This means that some of the people who were alive when World War I began in 1914 would still be alive to witness the end of this present system of things.
    Is There a God Who Cares?, 1975
    It shows that within this very generation the whole human race will face God's war of Armageddon, in which the wicked will be destroyed.
    The Watchtower, November 15, 1976

Franz

Frederick W. Franz · 1977–1992

2 readings
  1. 1977–1983 Unchanged

    The generation continued to be identified with persons who had witnessed the beginning of the prophetic sign in 1914. In 1978, babies born during World War I were expressly excluded. Publications continued to expect survivors of that generation to experience Armageddon.

    6 quotes
    That means that persons who saw the beginning of these distressing times will still be alive when God's heavenly kingdom brings to its end the present system of things.—Matt. 24:8, 34.
    The Watchtower, July 1, 1977
    Thus, when it comes to the application in our time, the "generation" logically would not apply to babies born during World War I.
    The Watchtower, October 1, 1978
    We can be happy, therefore, for Jesus' assurance that there will be survivors of "the generation of 1914"—that this generation will not have completely passed away—when the "great tribulation" rings down the curtain on this wicked world system.
    The Watchtower, October 15, 1980
    At this writing, in the United States alone there are more than 10,000,000 persons still living who were old enough to observe "a beginning of pangs of distress" in 1914-1918.
    Let Your Kingdom Come, 1981
    He meant the generation of people who were living in 1914. Those persons yet remaining of that generation are now very old. However, some of them will still be alive to see the end of this wicked system. So of this we can be certain: Shortly now there will be a sudden end to all wickedness and wicked people at Armageddon.
    You Can Live Forever in Paradise on Earth, 1982
    The duration of the “last days” is therefore limited to within the one human generation that was alive back in 1914.
    From Kurukshetra to Armageddon—And Your Survival, 1983
  2. 1984–1991 Broadened

    The definition was broadened to include babies born around 1914 and others alive at the time. The publications continued to teach that the end would occur before the entire generation disappeared. In 1985, they explicitly stated that God's judgment had to take place before the 1914 generation died out.

    6 quotes
    If Jesus used "generation" in that sense and we apply it to 1914, then the babies of that generation are now 70 years old or older.
    The Watchtower, May 15, 1984
    The start of this time period would mark the beginning of the end for Satan's world, against which God's newly established Kingdom in heaven would execute divine judgment. Bible chronology and the fulfillment of Bible prophecy provide ample proof that this time period began in 1914.* Thus before the 1914 generation completely dies out, God's judgment must be executed. This generation still exists in goodly numbers.
    The Watchtower, May 1, 1985
    Yes, as this magazine has drawn to the attention of its readers over the years, the evidence points to the 1914 generation as the generation spoken of by Jesus.*
    The Watchtower, February 15, 1986
    This became true by the year 70 C.E. when Jerusalem was destroyed. Likewise today, most of the generation of 1914 has passed away. However, there are still millions on earth who were born in that year or prior to it. And although their numbers are dwindling, Jesus’ words will come true, “this generation will certainly not pass away until all these things have happened.”
    Awake!, April 8, 1988
    In fact, the end will occur within the lifetime of the people who see the fulfillment of all the things Jesus foretells!
    The Watchtower, April 1, 1990
    So some of the generation living in 1914 will live to see the end of the present world system.—Matthew 24:33, 34.
    The Watchtower, June 15, 1991

Governing Body

1992–

6 readings
  1. 1992–1994 Unchanged

    The generation alive in 1914 was still expected to witness the end of the present system. Its advanced age was presented as an indication that little time remained. A publication in 1994 referred to the eighty years that had passed since 1914 as evidence that deliverance was near.

    3 quotes
    The same prophecy of Jesus that gave the sign of the last days also highlighted the nearness of God's intervention. Jesus said: "This generation [the generation of 1914 that witnessed the end of "the appointed times") will by no means pass away until all these things occur." (Matthew 24:34; Luke 21:24, NW) That generation is very near to passing away.
    Will There Ever Be a World Without War?, 1992
    Thus, all the features of the last days must take place within the lifetime of one generation, the generation of 1914.
    What Is the Purpose of Life?, 1993
    The fact that we are now 80 years beyond 1914 indicates that we can soon expect the deliverance that God’s Kingdom will bring.
    Awake!, November 8, 1994
  2. 1995–2000 Reversal

    The generation was reinterpreted as contemporary people who observed the sign of Christ's presence but did not reform their conduct. The term was no longer treated as a basis for calculating Armageddon from the lifespan of those alive in 1914. The interpretation was repeated in 1997 and 1999, and a publication in 2000 acknowledged the earlier clarification.

    7 quotes
    Eager to see the end of this evil system, Jehovah's people have at times speculated about the time when the "great tribulation" would break out, even tying this to calculations of what is the lifetime of a generation since 1914.
    The Watchtower, November 1, 1995
    Rather than provide a rule for measuring time, the term "generation" as used by Jesus refers principally to contemporary people of a certain historical period, with their identifying characteristics.*
    The Watchtower, November 1, 1995
    Therefore, in the final fulfillment of Jesus' prophecy today, "this generation" apparently refers to the peoples of earth who see the sign of Christ's presence but fail to mend their ways.
    The Watchtower, November 1, 1995
    Jesus said that the present wicked generation would not pass away until "all these things occur." (Matthew 24:34) Does our updated understanding of his words mean that our preaching activity is not so pressing?* The facts show that just the opposite is the case! Our contemporary generation is plunging into a state of wickedness and corruption unparalleled in all previous history.
    The Watchtower, January 1, 1997
    In fact, that generation did not pass before the end came in 70 C.E.—Matthew 24:3-14, 34. It must be acknowledged that we have not always taken Jesus' words in that sense. There is a tendency for imperfect humans to want to be specific about the date when the end will come. Recall that even the apostles sought more specifics, asking: "Lord, are you restoring the kingdom to Israel at this time?"—Acts 1:6.
    The Watchtower, June 1, 1997
    For decades now, Jehovah’s Witnesses have taught that the current fulfillment of the sign proves that a “great tribulation” is yet to come. The present wicked “generation” will see that tribulation.
    The Watchtower, May 1, 1999
    It may be difficult at times to understand such updated explanations, but the reasons for them become clear in due course.
    The Watchtower, January 1, 2000
  3. 2008 Reversal

    The interpretation was reversed from the explanation centered on wicked unbelievers. The generation was identified with Christ's faithful anointed followers, who could recognize the sign of his presence and understand its meaning. The publications stated that some of these anointed Christians would remain alive until the great tribulation began. The length of the generation was not considered calculable.

    2 quotes
    As a class, these anointed ones make up the modern-day “generation” of contemporaries that will not pass away “until all these things occur.”
    The Watchtower, February 15, 2008
    So it seems that Jesus was referring to his anointed followers, both in the first century and in the modern application of his words.
    The Watchtower, April 15, 2008
  4. 2010 Refined

    The generation was explained as two overlapping groups of spirit-anointed Christians. The first group was associated with the beginning of the prophetic sign in 1914. The second group consisted of anointed Christians whose lives overlapped with those of the first group and who would witness the beginning of the great tribulation. The length of the generation remained undefined, but it was taught that it had a definite end.

    2 quotes
    That generation had a beginning, and it surely will have an end. The fulfillment of the various features of the sign clearly indicates that the tribulation must be near.
    The Watchtower, April 15, 2010
    We do not know the exact length of “this generation,” but it includes these two groups whose lives overlap. Even though the anointed vary in age, those in the two groups constituting the generation are contemporaries during part of the last days.
    The Watchtower, June 15, 2010
  5. 2014 Refined

    The two-group interpretation was specified further. The first group consisted of anointed Christians who were already spirit-anointed in or before 1914 and recognized the beginning of Christ's presence. The second group consisted of other anointed Christians whose periods of life as anointed believers overlapped with those of the first group. Anointed Christians who received their anointing only after the death of the last member of the first group were excluded. Some of the second group were expected to witness the beginning of the great tribulation.

    2 quotes
    Thus, not every anointed person today is included in “this generation” of whom Jesus spoke. Today, those in this second group are themselves advancing in years.
    The Watchtower, January 15, 2014
    At least some of those in the second group will live to see the beginning of the coming tribulation. The two groups form one generation because their lives as anointed Christians overlapped for a time.
    God's Kingdom Rules!, 2014
  6. 2018 Unchanged

    The publications continued to apply Jesus' prophecy to a particular generation living during the last days and witnessing a combination of conditions identifying the approaching end. This was a repetition of the expectation, not a new definition of the generation.

    1 quote
    Jesus revealed that a particular generation would witness a unique combination of conditions that would mark the last days of a “system of things.”
    The Watchtower (Public Edition), No. 3, 2018