Type/antitype 1927–2023

Samson

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Also known as Samson the Nazarite · Samson the Judge · Samson the Danite

No explicit prophetic antitype for Samson was verified in Russell-era publications. In 1927, under Rutherford, Samson was described as a prophetic illustration of the great tribulation class, or great multitude, then understood to consist of spirit-begotten Christians who had failed to remain fully faithful. This identification was repeated later in 1927 and developed in the 1928 book Government. In November 1935 the identification was explicitly reversed: Samson no longer represented the great multitude but God's devoted spiritual children who remained faithful unto death, particularly the faithful anointed servant class engaged in the Elijah work and subsequently the remnant. The interpretation connected Samson's captivity with the suppression of the Bible Students' activities in 1918 and his recovered strength with their restoration to activity. This reading continued in 1936. Under Knorr, publications in 1942, 1943, 1944 and 1967 retained the identification of the Samson class with Jehovah's faithful anointed witnesses, applying his captivity and restoration to the events of 1918 and 1919. No further explicit prophetic identification of Samson was verified under Franz (1977–1992) or the Governing Body period (1992–2000).

4readings
15quotes
1change

Key moments

  1. 1927–1928 Introduced Samson foreshadowed the great tribulation class, or great multitude, then understood as spirit-begotten Christians who had become negligent, fearful or compromised and consequently lost their place in the Kingdom class. His imprisonment represented their spiritual captivity, while his renewed strength and final stand illustrated their eventual faithfulness during the great tribulation.
  2. 1935–1936 Reversal Samson was reidentified as God's faithful, fully devoted spiritual children, especially the anointed servant class and remnant. The earlier identification with the great multitude was rejected. His exploits pictured the Elijah work, his betrayal and captivity foreshadowed the persecution and restraint of God's servants in 1918, and his recovered strength represented their renewed activity in Jehovah's service.
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Russell

Charles Taze Russell · 1877–1916

No statement filed for this period.

Rutherford

Joseph F. Rutherford · 1917–1942

2 readings
  1. 1927–1928 Introduced

    Samson foreshadowed the great tribulation class, or great multitude, then understood as spirit-begotten Christians who had become negligent, fearful or compromised and consequently lost their place in the Kingdom class. His imprisonment represented their spiritual captivity, while his renewed strength and final stand illustrated their eventual faithfulness during the great tribulation.

    4 quotes
    That conclusion does not seem to be warranted by the Scriptures and by the known facts. Samson seems to have foreshadowed the great tribulation class, the great multitude. In support of this the following is submitted for the consideration of Bible Students: 31 St. Paul, in the eleventh chapter of Hebrews, names a number of men who received a good report from God because of their faith. Among the ones there mentioned is Samson.
    The Watchtower, January 15, 1927
    Samson foreshadowed the great company class; but be it noted that when Samson took his decided stand and determined to act, he then stood in disgrace.
    The Watchtower, September 15, 1927
    Like Samson, the great company have been foolish enough to reveal to the clergy the secret of spiritual strength, the understanding of the Word.
    The Watchtower, November 15, 1927
    Even as God heard Samson and granted him strength, so does the prophet show that he now hears the prayers of the imprisoned “multitude” and that “the Lord looseth the prisoners”—Pss. 102:19, 20; 146:7.
    Government, 1928
  2. 1935–1936 Reversal

    Samson was reidentified as God's faithful, fully devoted spiritual children, especially the anointed servant class and remnant. The earlier identification with the great multitude was rejected. His exploits pictured the Elijah work, his betrayal and captivity foreshadowed the persecution and restraint of God's servants in 1918, and his recovered strength represented their renewed activity in Jehovah's service.

    5 quotes
    It is believed now that an examination of the entire record concerning Samson will fully support the conclusion that Samson pictured the children of God, born of his woman, and who continue faithful unto death.
    The Watchtower, November 1, 1935
    The spirit of Jehovah came mightily upon Samson and greatly strengthened him, and this is further proof that Samson played a part in the prophetic drama picturing that class of persons who are faithful to God.
    The Watchtower, November 15, 1935
    This of itself is proof that Samson was acting under God’s direction and that he pictured a class of faithful servants of God who would be on earth at the end of the world.
    The Watchtower, December 1, 1935
    Samson in the prophetic drama under consideration played the part that pictures the faithful members of the royal house, and now shows that they would be subjected to temptation.
    The Watchtower, December 15, 1935
    In the prophetic drama in which Samson played the chief part he pictured at this point God’s ‘elect servant’, particularly those faithful followers of Christ Jesus on earth who become members of that faithful and elect servant during the time when “the Messenger” or Servant Elect was preparing the way before Jehovah; and also pictured particularly the remnant on earth after the coming of Christ Jesus to the temple.
    The Watchtower, January 1, 1936

Knorr

Nathan H. Knorr · 1942–1977

1 reading
  1. 1942–1967 Unchanged

    The interpretation of Samson as the faithful anointed servant class was retained. His loss of strength and captivity continued to represent the restraint experienced by Jehovah's witnesses during World War I, especially in 1918, while the regrowth of his hair and renewed strength pictured the faithful remnant's recovery and renewed witnessing from 1919 onward. His final struggle also illustrated the determination of the anointed remnant to remain faithful despite opposition from Christendom.

    5 quotes
    There the modern Philistines sheared the Samson class of their locks and weakened their strength to serve God boldly and freely.
    The Watchtower, June 1, 1942
    There the modern Philistines sheared the Samson class of their locks and weakened their strength to serve God boldly and freely.
    1943 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses
    And in his death he slew more than during his life. His judgeship lasted twenty years. (Judg. 16:29-31, margin) He did “begin to deliver” Israel, he was a “desolator” and “destroyer” of the Philistines, and he did constitute a "sunny, sunlike” ray of hope to the oppressed Israelites. The “Samson” class were in restraint during World War I. The modern Philistines rejoiced.
    The Watchtower, September 1, 1944
    The “lords of the Philistines” pictured the chief ones of “Christendom”, who were out to “get” the “Samson” class, by hook or crook.
    The Watchtower, October 1, 1944
    In the same way, from 1919, God's "slave," fully repentant and resolved to serve Jehovah to the death, experienced a return of strength.
    The Watchtower, February 15, 1967

Franz

Frederick W. Franz · 1977–1992

No statement filed for this period.

Governing Body

1992–

1 reading
  1. 2023 Depends on context

    Samson’s life was applied as practical encouragement to rely on Jehovah, adapt in service, and recover after mistakes. The study did not identify a new prophetic antitype or restate the older 1918–1919 organizational chronology. This is a contextual application rather than an express cancellation of that earlier typology.

    1 quote
    Samson’s example can encourage us. He relied on Jehovah, even during challenging circumstances.
    The Watchtower, September 2023, pp. 2–7, Rely on Jehovah, as Samson Did, par. 2