Gog and Magog
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Also known as Gog · Magog · Gog of Magog · Gog of the land of Magog · Gog and his hordes · Gog's crowd · Gog's forces · Gog's army · The nations Gog and Magog · The hordes of Gog and Magog · The land of Magog · Gog's mob
In 1877, Gog's invasion was associated with a future attack against restored natural Israel in Palestine, an interpretation repeated in 1882 and 1897. In 1918, Gog and Magog in Revelation 20 were separately identified with proud natural Israelites and nominal spiritual Israelites who remained tares. By 1930, Revelation's Gog and Magog were instead explained as the Devil's rebellious earthly followers at the end of the Millennium. In 1932, Ezekiel's Gog was identified as an invisible wicked spirit prince subordinate to Satan, and Magog as the invisible realm of Satan's organization. The target of Gog's attack was now understood to be God's anointed people, spiritual Israel, rather than restored natural Israel. This explanation continued through 1943. In 1941, Revelation's Gog and Magog were also explicitly associated with the demon prince Gog and the wicked spirits under his control. In 1943, a separate explanation described Revelation's Gog and Magog as picturing a farthest extremity of the earth. A major reversal occurred in 1953, when the identification of Ezekiel's Gog as a subordinate demon prince was rejected and Gog was identified with Satan himself after his expulsion from heaven. Magog represented Satan's restricted spirit realm near the earth. The date associated with this confinement varied in the explanations, including 1918 in 1953, 1919 in 1954, and 1914 in 1955. In 1955, Revelation's Gog and Magog were explicitly distinguished from Ezekiel's Gog and identified with earthly peoples misled by Satan after the Millennium. The explanation was repeated in 1967, 1973 and 1974, emphasizing that these future rebels would manifest the same spirit as Gog's earlier forces. During the Franz presidency, publications from 1983 through 1991 continued to identify Ezekiel's Gog with Satan, while 1988 publications repeated the interpretation of Revelation's Gog and Magog as rebellious humans at the end of the Millennium. From 1995 through 2000, publications continued identifying Ezekiel's Gog with Satan directing an attack on God's people before Armageddon.
- Gen. 10:2
- Ezek. 38:1-23
- Ezek. 39:1-29
- Rev. 20:7-10
- Zech. 14:1-3
Rutherford
Joseph F. Rutherford · 1917–1942
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Revelation's Gog and Magog were reinterpreted as the Devil's earthly horde of rebels who would attack God's earthly organization at the final test after the Millennium, rather than as the two specifically named categories of Israelites described in 1918.
1 quote
The Devil’s horde, described as “Gog and Magog”, is or will be on the earth; and hence these encompass the beloved city, which is God’s earthly organization and in which the “princes in all the earth” represent God and into which all of his restored ones will be brought.
Light, Book Two, 1930 -
Ezekiel's Gog was identified as an invisible wicked angelic prince in Satan's organization, directing the conspiracy against God's anointed people and their associates. Magog represented the invisible realm comprising Gog and other wicked angels in his division. Gog was explicitly distinguished from Satan himself, who was portrayed as supervising the attack.
6 quotes
Based upon the certain truths that are revealed by the Scriptures the following conclusion as to the meaning of Gog and Magog is here set forth, to wit: Gog is one of the princes in Satan’s organization, invisible, of course, to human eyes, with a possibility of the power to materialize in human form.
Vindication, Books Two and Three, 1932 The land of Magog pictures the spiritual or invisible realm of Satan, and includes Gog and all the wicked angels within his division of Satan’s organization, and which “bear rule over all the earth”.
Vindication, Books Two and Three, 1932 This further supports the conclusion that Gog is the wicked angel prince in the organization of Satan leading the fight and that the British empire of the north is the chief instrument in the visible army that takes the lead in the execution of the conspiracy against God’s organization.
The Watchtower, June 15, 1932 Satan's chief field marshal is called "Gog" (Ezekiel 38:2) and is the one who commands the host of devils invisible and the powerful visible organization that is on the earth and under the hand of Satan.
The Crisis, 1933 This shows that the last part of the battle of Armageddon will be the destruction of Satan’s angelic host under Gog, the commander of the invisible as well as the visible army of the Devil.
The Watchtower, November 15, 1937 Satan and his chief officer, Gog, leading the legions of invisible demons, are supported by a mighty crowd of visible, demonized religionists on the earth.
The Watchtower, November 15, 1940 -
In a distinct explanation of Revelation 20:7-8, Gog and Magog were associated with the demon prince Gog and the wicked spirits belonging to his division of Satan's organization. This differed from the 1930 identification of Revelation's Gog and Magog as an earthly horde of human rebels.
2 quotes
In Revelation 20:7, 8 the distinction is made between Satan and Gog and Magog, which shows that the particular prophecy of Ezekiel at chapters thirty-eight and thirty-nine is not directly applicable to Satan, but that it does specifically apply to one of Satan’s demon chiefs and those gathered under him in a division of Satan’s organization.
The Watchtower, June 15, 1941 At the end of the thousand-year reign of the Theocratic King, Christ Jesus, they are released for a little season, and the Revelation specifically mentions Gog and Magog in connection therewith, which would mean the prince Gog and all the wicked ones that have operated in his division.
The Watchtower, June 15, 1941
Knorr
Nathan H. Knorr · 1942–1977
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The earlier interpretation of Ezekiel's Gog as a subordinate demon prince was explicitly rejected in 1953. Gog was identified with Satan himself after his expulsion from heaven. Magog was identified with the restricted and debased invisible spirit realm near the earth. Publications in 1954 reaffirmed this identification.
7 quotes
Over thirty years later the Bible prophecies were examined further in the light of events since A.D. 1914, to reveal that, not the Israelites according to the flesh, but the Christians who are Israelites inwardly, spiritual Israelites, are the people destined to be the target of Gog’s attack from the far north.
The Watchtower, October 1, 1953 Hence the suggestion of twenty years ago that Gog was an eighth demon prince is now seen to be without proof.
The Watchtower, October 1, 1953 It is evident now that Gog is a figure prophetic of the ruler of all seven demon princes, namely, Satan the Devil.
The Watchtower, October 1, 1953 The land of Magog, therefore, pictures the debased realm of the invisible part of Satan’s world since A.D. 1918. But Gog still has also a visible part to his world organization. He still has earthly allies and subjects, as is shown in Ezekiel’s prophecy, which addresses him as “Gog, the great prince of Meshech and Tubal.”
The Watchtower, October 1, 1953 Magog is a limited spirit realm near the earth’s vicinity, for it is the location of Satan, the Dragon, after he and his wicked angels have been forced down there by the war in heaven.
The Watchtower, October 1, 1953 Today a world-wide warning is being sounded that a final onslaught will soon be made by Gog of Magog, namely, Satan, together with all his hosts, on true worshipers of Jehovah God.
The Watchtower, August 15, 1954 From what appears in other parts of the Scriptures regarding Christians’ fighting not with flesh and blood and having invisible spirit enemies, and also from what appears in Ezekiel’s prophecy itself, it is apparent that Gog is none other than Satan the Devil, the prince of demons.
The Watchtower, September 1, 1954 -
Revelation's Gog and Magog were again distinguished from Ezekiel's Gog. They referred to earthly peoples misled by Satan at the end of the Millennium, when some restored and perfected humans would rebel against Jehovah's sovereignty. Their names recalled the hostile character and actions of Gog's earlier forces.
5 quotes
At any rate, in Revelation Gog and Magog represent the lands or peoples of those lands that fiercely assault Jehovah’s faithful earthly inhabitants under Satan’s goading.
The Watchtower, January 15, 1955 These many misled ones from the four quarters of the earth are likened to the nations that assaulted the New World society at Armageddon and are therefore also called “Gog and Magog.”
You May Survive Armageddon Into God's New World, 1955 But now at the end of the thousand years these misled humans make their attack after an Edenic paradise has been restored to all the earth by God's kingdom, after all living mankind have been uplifted to the human perfection and godlikeness that Adam and Eve had in the garden of Eden. These rebellious people who follow Satan have the same spirit as Gog had back at that time.
The Watchtower, August 15, 1967 Those whom Satan succeeds in misleading are spoken of as "those nations in the four corners of the earth, Gog and Magog."
God's Kingdom of a Thousand Years Has Approached, 1973 Rather, the same spirit manifested by the Gog-and-Magog crowd of a thousand years previous is aroused in some of the perfected humans.
The Watchtower, June 1, 1974
Governing Body
1992–
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Ezekiel’s Gog was reidentified from Satan in his debased condition to a coalition of earthly nations attacking God’s people during the great tribulation. Satan remains the instigator. Revelation 20’s Gog and Magog was distinguished as the human rebels at the end of the Millennium.
1 quote
When we compare all these Scriptural references about the final attack on God’s people, it becomes evident that the name Gog of Magog refers, not to Satan, but to a coalition of nations.
The Watchtower, May 15, 2015, pp. 29–30, Questions From Readers
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