Type/antitype 1926–2000

Assyria

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Also known as Asshur · Assyrian · The Assyrian · Assyrian Empire · Assyrian World Power · Land of Assyria · Land of Nimrod · Modern Assyria · Modern-day Assyria · Modern Assyrians · Modern-day Assyrian · Assyrian ax

In 1906, during Russell's presidency, the prophetic Assyrian was used to symbolize Satan himself. Under Rutherford, Sennacherib's Assyrian army was identified in 1926 as a type of the Devil's organization. In September 1929 Assyria was assigned specifically to the political element of Satan's organization, alongside Egypt as commerce and Babylon as religion. From October 1929 through 1934, modern Assyria was also explicitly identified with Christendom, embracing political, commercial, military, and religious elements. In 1934 the political interpretation was restated, and from 1936 through 1941 Assyria was again emphasized as the political component of Satan's organization, especially totalitarian rule. Under Knorr, the interpretation broadened in 1942 when the land of Assyria was identified with Satan's entire organization, visible and invisible. During 1942-1945 modern Assyria was also applied to religious-political totalitarianism, while in 1945, 1946, and 1949 the Assyrian king was identified with Satan and Assyria with the Devil's world. From 1953 onward Assyria was repeatedly identified as the second head of the symbolic wild beast representing successive world powers. In 1962 the modern Assyrian aggressor was connected with the totalitarian king of the north, particularly the Soviet-led Communist bloc, and in 1968 with nationalistic and totalitarian persecuting powers. In 1976 the Assyrian ax was applied to political authorities acting internationally in connection with the United Nations, while Sennacherib's identification with Satan was explicitly reaffirmed. Under Franz, a 1981 explanation compared Assyria with militaristic political powers, and in 1988 the interpretation involving the seven heads of the wild beast continued. Under the Governing Body, the seven-world-power interpretation was repeated in 1993 and 1997. In 2000, Isaiah 11:16 was applied to modern Assyria as Satan's world, whereas Isaiah 19:23-25 used Assyria to represent heavily militaristic nations, contrasted with more liberal nations represented by Egypt. Verified interpretations were found in all five presidencies. These explanations sometimes overlap or differ according to prophetic context rather than representing an explicit rejection of an earlier identification.

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Rutherford

Joseph F. Rutherford · 1917–1942

4 readings
  1. 1926 Broadened

    Sennacherib's Assyrian army typified the Devil's organization, whose destruction was foreshadowed by the defeat of the Assyrian forces.

    1 quote
    The Assyrian army, under Sennacherib, was a type of the Devil’s organization. Now at this time the Devil is gathering all of his forces to make war against the Lord. (Revelation 17:14) Satan and his visible representatives, to wit, big business, big politics, and especially big preachers, arrogantly assume that the earth is theirs, that they are for the earth, and that they shall control the earth.
    The Watchtower, March 15, 1926
  2. 1929 Narrowed

    Assyria symbolized the political factor of Satan's organization, distinguished from Babylon as religion and Egypt as commerce.

    1 quote
    He saturated the entire organization with a religion. The leaders in the commercial and political parts of his organization he made the principal ones of the flock of the religious part of the organization, and thereby formed a combination of all three parts. Babylon well represents the religious, Assyria the political, and Egypt the commercial factor of his powerful organization.
    The Watchtower, September 15, 1929
  3. 1929–1934 Broadened

    Modern Assyria was identified with Christendom, understood as a combined system of political rulers, commercial interests, military power, and false religion.

    4 quotes
    "Christendom," so called, is modern Assyria, corresponding so exactly that it seems certain that God caused the record of ancient Assyria to be made prophetically foretelling the condition on earth at the present time.
    The Watchtower, October 15, 1929
    “Christendom,” so called, is modern Assyria, corresponding so exactly that it seems certain that God caused the record of ancient Assyria to be made prophetically foretelling the condition on earth at the present time.
    Prophecy, 1930
    “Christendom,” so called, is modern Assyria, corresponding so exactly that it seems certain that God caused the record of ancient Assyria to be made prophetically foretelling the condition on earth at the present time.
    The Golden Age, January 7, 1931
    "Christendom" so called, is modern Assyria, corresponding so exactly that it seems certain that God caused the record of ancient Assyria to be made prophetically foretelling the condition on earth at the present time.
    The Watchtower, October 15, 1934
  4. 1936–1941 Narrowed

    Assyria and Nineveh particularly represented the political side of Satan's earthly organization, including the political rulers and totalitarian powers. This reaffirmed the earlier political interpretation.

    5 quotes
    Hence Nineveh, and also Assyria, of which it was the capital, are used in the Bible prophecies to represent Satan’s organization as it exists in our day, particularly the political side of the earthly part of the Devil’s organization.
    The Watchtower, June 15, 1936
    Assyria is one of the names of the same Devil’s organization with the political rulers made prominent; and Babylon is the name of the Devils organization with religion made prominent.
    The Watchtower, December 15, 1936
    In its issue of January 1, 1921, the League of Nations was identified as the “image of the beast” and the “abomination of desolation” (Rev. 13:14,15; Matt. 24:15), and therefore the preaching of the witnesses of the Lord was directed against politics and politicians, pictured by Assyria, and who are therefore the modern Assyrians.
    The Watchtower, February 1, 1938
    The modern Assyrians must be wiped out at Armageddon just as the Ammonites and Moabites will be destroyed, as shown in the type where they destroyed Edom and then destroyed each other.
    The Watchtower, June 1, 1940
    In 1929 the book Prophecy was published, which identified these three elements as symbolized by Egypt (militaristic commerce), Assyria (politics), and Babylon (religion).
    Consolation, February 5, 1941

Knorr

Nathan H. Knorr · 1942–1977

2 readings
  1. 1942 Broadened

    In Micah 5:6, the symbolic land of Assyria was broadened to represent Satan's entire organization, both visible and invisible.

    1 quote
    That sword is the destructive forces of the battle of Armageddon, ‘the war of the great day of God the Almighty.’—Rev. 16:14. 7 The “land of Assyria” which is wasted by that “sword” represents Satan’s entire organization, visible and invisible. Gog of the land of Magog is Satan’s chief demon prince therein, and all the nations gone totalitarian are the visible part thereof.
    The Watchtower, May 1, 1942
  2. 1968 Broadened

    The modern Assyrian represented nationalistic and totalitarian persecuting powers, including Nazi, Soviet, and Chinese Communist regimes, which were expected to fail in their attack on true worship.

    1 quote
    As the modern Assyrian maneuvers to plant his nationalistic tents in the land devoted to Jehovah's praise, so he, too, finds himself impotent as an opponent of the divine will.
    The Watchtower, March 15, 1968

Governing Body

1992–

1 reading
  1. 2000 Broadened

    In the modern application of Isaiah 11:16, Assyria was identified broadly with Satan's world, from which anointed Christians and their companions had come out.

    1 quote
    Opposers will attempt to stop them, but their God, Jehovah, will be with them. Anointed Christians and their companions today likewise come under vicious attack, but they go forward courageously! They have come out of modern Assyria, Satan's world, and they help others to do the same. They know that pure worship will succeed and flourish. It is not man's work, but God's.
    Isaiah's Prophecy—Light for All Mankind, Volume 1, 2000