Type/antitype 1930

Abaddon (Apollyon)

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Also known as Apollyon · Angel of the abyss

No verified identification of Abaddon/Apollyon was found in the Russell period (1879–1916). In 1918 The Finished Mystery identified the king of Revelation 9:11 as Satan the Devil. In 1930 Light reversed that reading and applied the titles Abaddon and Apollyon to Christ Jesus as Jehovah's authorized destroyer. The Christ identification was repeated without a change in 1933, 1934, 1939, 1940, 1948, 1961, 1969 and 1971, with later wording emphasizing Jesus as the angel of the abyss, royal Executioner, and Destroyer. In the Franz-period material through 1980, the 1979 Watchtower occurrence only explains the meanings of the names and gives no identification of the antitype, so no verified Franz-period reading is included.

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Rutherford

Joseph F. Rutherford · 1917–1942

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  1. 1930 Reversal

    The former Satan identification was reversed: Abaddon and Apollyon were now applied to Christ Jesus as Jehovah's authorized officer to destroy.

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    Christ Jesus being the chief executive officer of Jehovah, to whom is committed all power in heaven and earth, and being authorized to act as Jehovah’s officer to destroy, the titles Abaddon and Apollyon therefore properly apply to him.
    Light, 1930