Golden Age, January 6, 1932

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The Golden Age

A JOURNAL OF FACT HOPE AND COURAGE

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in this issue EXPLORATION IN BLACK AND WHITE

ON HOME RULE FOR INDIA REMOVING CAUSE OF DISEASES

FLOOD CONTROL

"NEW TOWER OF BABEL”

LIFE HINGES ON OBEDIENCE

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every other

WEDNESDAY

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five cents a copy one dollar a year Canada & Foreign 1.25

Vol. XIII - No. 321

January 6, 1932

CONTENTS

LABOR AND ECONOMICS

Farmers’ Incomes Lowest Since

War . . .

Mule vs. Man

What a Confession !

SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL

Strong Denunciation of Hollywood

In Black and White

Luebeck's Wonderful School . . 204

Hebrew Free Loan Society . . 205

What the World Might Be . . 205

Education Compulsory; School Attendance Not

WBBR’s New Organ .... 203

MANUFACTURING AND MINING

Scranton Electric Company . . 207

FINANCE—COMMERCE—TRANSPORTATION

The World’s Fastest Train . . 202

Seven Big Corporations . . . 202

Opium Conference Moves to Siam 203

Our Inconsistent Financiers . . 205

As Men and Monkeys View It . 208

POLITICAL—DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN

Landing Troops on Foreign Soil 201

Dictatorship in Germany . . . 202

Ireland’s Drastic Safety Act . . 203

Stimson Overrides Senate . . . 203

Why Be So Unjust? .... 204

AGRICULTURE AND HUSBANDRY

Suggestions for Flood Control . 216

SCIENCE AND INVENTION

Vest Pocket Cracker .... 201

Artificial Hay-Drier.....201

Only One Element Undiscovered 202

Compressed Air Auto Propulsion 202

Duprene, New Synthetic Rubber 202

Smuts on Next War.....204

HOME AND HEALTH

The Medical Trust in Iowa . . 203

Two Hundred Causes of Death . 205

Surprising Lesson in Dental

Ethics.........206

New York Suspends Vaccination 207 Removing Cause of Epidemic and

Contagious Diseases .... 213

How to Eradicate Insects . . . 223

TRAVEL AND MISCELLANY

Exploration Reduced to a

Science........195

Brazil Getting Rid of Coffee . . 201

Cattle Stampede in Caribbean . 204

An Interview with Cannibals . 204

Items from Korea......209

As to Home Rule for India . . 210

RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY

Where Church State Still Exists 201

Liberty of Conscience in Spain . 201

Should Turn to Christ Our King 202

“The Church in the Modern

World”........204

Reverend Caraker to the Front . 204 ‘ ‘ The New Tower of Babel ” . . 216 Life Hinges on Obedience . . . 218

Published every other Wednesday at 117 Adams Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.» U. S. A., by WOODWORTH, KNORR & MARTIN

Copartners and Proprietors Address: 117 Adams Street, Brooklyn, N. Y., U. B. A, CLAYTON J. WOODWORTH . . Editor ROBERT J. MARTIN .. Business Manager NATHAN H. KNORR.. Secretary and Treasurer

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Entered as second-class matter at Brooklyn, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

ofo Golden Age

Volume XIII Brooklyn, N. Y., Wednesday, January 6, 1932 Number 321

Exploration Reduced to a Science

T7HFTY years ago an explorer was an individual. He went out at his own expense, expecting adventure, and received it, and brought back what he pleased to receptive, uncritical scientists. Today exploration is a business in which numbers of young scientists have their expenses paid for them by a university, a national museum, a learned society, or a government, and look upon adventures as the result of bad planning.

Today for the first time in history it is possible for an explorer to make a business of exploration and to make money out of it. All publicity agencies are bent on making explorers famous and pay them real money as well. The news rights of any good story today are worth a fortune.

A fully equipped scientific exploration expedition costs from $50,000 to $500,000. An explorer calls attention to the fact that such an expedition must consider problems of equipment, radio, press and magazine stories, syndicated features or articles, personnel, and legal items, and to these details must be added the basic one of facing death in the wilderness, and the collection and preservation of scientific specimens under the most perilous circumstances.

Exploring involves the hardest kind of physical exertion and the capacity to endure such exertion under stress, both for long periods of sustained endeavor and in the trying moments of emergency. It frequently happens that the explorer’s search for facts about the unknown may result in a race with time against starvation.

There are people who have the wanderlust and the desire to explore born in them. There were recently in New York two children, a boy three and a girl four years old, who at that time had already been in forty-three countries, on four continents. At the time they passed through New York with their parents they had never been ill a day and had never stayed so long as a month in any one place. These little folks can travel by themselves and can prepare food for themselves. They are familiar with camel meat, shark meat and buffalo milk. At the time they passed through New York they were on their way as part of an expedition to the South Sea Islands.

A German woman, the daughter of a Berlin engineer, while yet a child participated in an exploration expedition to Africa, and although she is now married and has a family she still feels that she must go again.

At the present time expeditions are in preparation to visit a dozen or more little-known corners of the world. There is no trouble finding people who would be glad to go along. The trouble is in picking out the right ones to take and the right ones to leave at home.

The use of the airplane and the dirigible has changed the entire business of exploration, and it is bound to continue until the remotest sections of the earth are surveyed and charted and until no land longer remains veiled in mystery.

So recently as the year 1800 western and northern Canada were unknown; the western part of the United States was unexplored; almost nothing was known of South America; Japan was still a closed land; Australia (then called New Holland) had but 2,000 inhabitants who knew nothing of the country back from the coast; little was known of the northern and central parts of Asia; and so little was known about Africa that it could well be called the “Dark Continent” in every sense of the word.

There is, of course, no need for anybody to go on tours of exploration to Europe, and yet something is always coming to light in even the oldest settled countries. Thus, it was not until the summer of 1931 that it was discovered that there is a geyser in Switzerland. This geyser erupts regularly every fifteen minutes, shooting a stream of water thirty feet into the air. There it has been working away faithfully in that little

country for thousands of years completely hidden away from the eyes of man until recently. One would have supposed such a thing quite impossible.

Discoveries in North America

Very little is known of Greenland, and much of northern Canada and Alaska yet remains to be photographed from the air; but this work is being rapidly done, and it will not be long before it is completed.

In the airplane photography of Canada and Alaska there is practically no danger of a man’s being lost in the bush or starving, as the planes are always sent out in pairs. The different bases know each day where every plane is operating and where every man may be picked up.

It seems hard to realize that nothing was known of the Yellowstone National Park until after the Civil War; yet such is the truth. On September 14,1867, the Montana Post contained the following announcement of the discovery of a region some knowledge of which is now in almost every home in the land:

An exploring party, which has been to the headwaters of the Yellowstone river, has just returned and reports seeing one of the greatest wonders of the world. For eight days they traveled through a volcanic country, emitting blue flame and living streams of molten brimstone. The hollow ground resounded beneath their feet as they traveled, and every movement seemed to break through. Not a living thing was seen in the vicinity. The explorers gave it the significant appellation of “hell”.

If we were to think of exploration of North America we should think of it as it appears to the uncivilized natives of other lands. Two Uganda boys were brought over from Central Africa by Martin Johnson to care for three gorillas and two young chimpanzees. When they saw the auto traffic on Fifth Avenue, their opinion was that all these people must be crazy. They were familiar with autos, having seen something of them in Africa; they could not understand how the colored people of Harlem could be rich enough to own their own autos. In Uganda, black boys earn $4.00 a month.

These two African boys were soon adopted by the Harlemites, several hundred of whom paid 50c apiece to hear the language of their ancestors. Each time the Uganda boy lectured he received a crisp one dollar note and a pair of knickerbockers. In all, he lectured eight times and got $8.00 and eight pairs of knickerbockers. His manager cleared several thousand dollars.

When these Uganda boys first came to New York they had a wonderful time playing with the electric lights, turning them on and off as fast as they could, but within three weeks’ time they wanted $5.00 a day for an eight-hour day, wanted to sleep in a big hotel down town, wanted an auto to ride in, and all the ice cream they could eat, and wanted plenty of bright clothes and shiny shoes. When these lads return to Central Africa it is going to be hard to get back to the conditions under which they live there, but they will have something to talk about for the rest of their lives. They have been explorers in a foreign land.

There is some exploratory work yet to be done in parts of Mexico and Central America. It is said that in the island of Dominica, in the West Indies, although the island is only thirty miles long and sixteen miles wide, there are birds and other forms of life which have not been found elsewhere. A moth with a wing spread of nine inches was recently brought back by an expedition to Honduras.

Exploration in South America

As late as 1850 very little was known about South America, and there still is a great deal of the continent that remains unexplored. In 1850 Dutch Guiana was called Surinam, and the northwest corner of the continent was Terra Firma or Castile del Oro. In that period the South American Chimborazo, 20,000 feet high, was thought to be higher than any other mountain in the world. At that time there were stories of Amazonian women, of Indians with heads under their arms, and of cities of gold; but none of these have ever been found.

There are many difficulties in the way of South American exploration: Boa constrictors able to kill an ox as readily as man; ants that can destroy life of any kind that comes within their reach; malignant malaria which kills within a few hours, and natives who are afraid of white men with their rifles and drive them back with poisoned arrows. In the jungles of Brazil there is a ferocious fish, the river piraya, which attacks men and beasts, if by accident they are thrown into the water. A shoal of pirayas has been known to attack and consume a full-sized ox in twenty-five minutes.

One group of scientists made six separate attempts to locate the source of the Orinoco river in Venezuela and finally succeeded. Dr. Herbert Spencer Dickey, who directed each of these expeditions, states that his last trip was the hardest journey ever made in more than thirty years of experience of tropical rivers and jungle trails, and that the worst part of it was the food.

South American explorers are urged to carry the lightest luggage possible for travel and scientific w’ork, very light but strong tents, folding canoes of canvas, light sporting rifles, dependable flashlights, folding camp beds, finely woven mosquito nets, flannel shirts, woolen socks, cavalry boots, and loose-fitting clothes made of khaki. The food supplies recommended are compressed tablets of strong concentration and of as many varieties as it is possible to obtain. Candy, hard bread, tea and coffee are also recommended.

Explorers in Brazil say that the greatest care must be exercised in the selection of carriers, canoemen and muleteers. Mistakes in the choosing of these men often result in the failure of an expedition through the ‘camaradas’ ’ abandoning their job.

Five-sevenths of the world is yet unmapped, and probably there is at least this proportion of South America yet to be visited and charted. It has only recently been discovered that the headwaters of the Amazon are linked with the headwaters of the Plata river. This discovery confirms a long-standing hypothesis of geographers who have noted the identical fishes and animals in both rivers and river basins.

More than 2,000 miles off the Chilean coast lies one of the most curious pieces of real estate in the world, Easter Island, one of the most isolated inhabited spots on the earth, and one of the least accessible. Only a few explorers have ever visited this place, a fragment of volcanic land of 45 square miles in area. This island contains 260 enormous tombs, some of them 300 feet long and 15 feet high, topped by terraces that in some cases measure 100 feet in width. Face down, more than 600 colossal stone busts lie scattered on the island. These colossal tombs and overturned statues suggest to our mind the work of demons, perhaps dating from before the flood and possibly overthrown! at the time of the flood.

Far to the north of Easter Island, but nearer the South American shore, are the Galapagos Islands, where are to be found giant turtles and other forms of life not found elsewhere on the globe. It is said that the going on the Galapagos is the worst in the world. There is vegetation everywhere except on the later lava flows, but it is all rooted amid rocks and boulders and ridges, and the thorn bush is dominant.

A German scientist and his wife, the last We knew, had been living on one of the Galapagos Islands for about a year. The ship which left the couple promised to return and get them in five months, but never came back.

Exploration in Asia

An explorer who has returned from Siberia tells of some of the peculiar problems one is unexpectedly called upon to solve. Suppose in your travels you happen to meet a large, shaggy bear, one able to make away with a dozen men as well as one. There are just two things you can do. You can either shoot to kill him or you can peel off all your clothes and start to dance; and the better you dance the safer you are. The bear becomes puzzled by the sudden disappearance of the dark clothes and the equally sudden appearance of a white figure, all arms and whirling legs, and beats a hasty retreat.

This explorer was interested in the strange life of the tundra frog. From September to June, if one picks up one of these frogs and drops him on a hard surface he breaks into' bits as though he were made of China; yet during July and August he lives the happy life of any normal frog.

Every summer the birds sweep into Siberia in great profusion; but they stay only a few weeks. By the end of July they gather for their southward flight, and on their way south frequently break down the telegraph wires by perching upon them in such great numbers that the wires are unable to bear the load.

There have recently been several expeditions into the interior of China. On one of these the party ran out of sugar, but finally found some traders who had some. Roy Andrews, the explorer, said of this sugar incident: “We were willing to pay any price for it. Then it was divided up into little mounds and each man drew lots so that no one would get a larger mound except by luck. Each one was allowed to eat his sugar as he pleased. He could gobble it all at once or save it and eat it little by little. One of the party thought to save the delicious flavor by mixing it with water, and the water drew every kind of bug in China and Siberia to his party. However, it was too good to waste; so he just closed his eyes while he drank?’

On a more recent trip to the interior of China, Mr. Andrews and his friends found it difficult to get their specimens out of the country. Their work was interrupted by a Chinese organization, The Society for the Preservation of Cultural Objects. No one can blame the Chinese for wanting to keep in their country the relics of by-gone ages which are to be found there. No country desires to have its antiquities carted off to other lands.

Recent explorers in China express surprise at frequently finding cities of 15,000 or more population where no white man has ever been seen. Many of these cities have no roads or trails where a horse could walk; all their supplies are brought in on the backs of coolies.

Early in the year 1931 Bertram Thomas, newspaper man, surprised the world by crossing the Arabian Desert, a land one and one-half times as large as France, and particularly difficult to enter or to travel through because mountains rim it in on the east and south, and deserts on the north and west. Moreover, all around the outer rim of the desert area are tribes that are independent of control, that guard their few wells and water holes jealously and look upon travelers from the outside world as meddlesome and trespassers meriting death.

At the time Mr. Thomas crossed this desert it was believed by the natives to be the home of spirits; and that part of their belief is correct. Its drifting sands were also supposed to hide the ruins of old cities; and some such ruins were found. They also held the belief that there were oases in the interior where strange tribes lived and great quicksands would swallow up the unwary traveler. But Mr. Thomas found neither the oases nor the strange tribes, nor the quicksands.

The Field Museum Syrian Desert Expedition, of Chicago, believes that it has found in Alt. Horeb the rock which supplied the thirsty Israelites with water. They said that a steady creek of cool liquid flows from the rock and forms the Wady Musa, or Stream of Moses.

Exploration in Africa

In the year 1800, except for a small settlement at Cape Town and the Nile valley, the whole interior of Africa was unknown. As late as 1850 maps showed mountain ranges extending across Africa where the Congo Basin actually lies. Most of Africa was explored within the memory of men now living. The great explorer Henry M. Stanley has been dead twenty-seven years.

A New York woman, Airs. Delia J. Akeley, has spent months at a time living in the Belgian Congo among the pigmy tribes that so interested Mr. Stanley. Airs. Akeley says that a good pigmy wife can be obtained for a good sharp knife, while others not so comely may be bought for salt or other trifles. Cannibalism is still practiced, and friends of those who have recently died sleep on their graves so that their neighbors will not dig them up and eat them.

Airs. Akeley says that the pigmies are a very clean race and bathe regularly. They are very fond of salt, toy balloons, tobacco and soap. She says that in any village these little people are the size of normal ten-year-old children. They are difficult to locate, and disappear quickly if an intruder approaches. Their language comprises hardly more than 300 words.

The big game that made exploration in Africa so dangerous even twenty-five years ago is rapidly passing away. The elephant herds are being reduced in numbers, and it seems that most of the largest elephants have been already slain. It takes the fun out of being an elephant when they come after you with a high-powered truck and a big gun.

Elephant hunters say that ten years ago 100-pound tusks could be obtained. Five years ago a hunter was fortunate to get an 80-pound tusk. Today he is glad to get a 50-pound tusk.

Although an elephant cannot see clearly more than 75 feet away, his senses of hearing and smell are so acute that he can locate impending danger at a distance upward of 300 feet. An astonishing thing about elephants is that they can go through the densest foliage and undergrowth without making the slightest sound.

It is not now believed that elephants live to be hundreds of years of age as was formerly thought to be the case. Their age is evidently about that of man, and when an elephant gets to be eighty or ninety years old he has about reached his span.

A traveler tells of how the blacks in Africa use the demons to help them in their hunting expeditions. He says: “While I was on this spear-hunting safari we followed several herds into waterless country in the Bahr-el-Ghazai district of the Sudan, where the elephants usually trek to water only every third or fourth night. When they do, nothing will stop them. We followed this particular herd all day, and at night I was ready to give up. Imade camp and stopped. Baballa, a young hard-bitten Mandala hunter, who was said to be something of a magician, then came to me and said he thought he could ‘bind’ the herd with his magic rope. These ‘magic ropes’ are not uncommon in Africa. They are usually about a yard long and made of Dompalm fiber. Baballa sat down with the rope in his hands and went through the motions of tying his arms, legs, ankles and neck, muttering incantations as he did so. His muscles became taut, and he relapsed into a semi-trance. He sat so for a few minutes, and then suddenly relaxed, grunted ‘That is good’ and rose to his feet. Next morning we ran into the elephants only half a mile from camp and killed one! They were almost stationary. By all reckonings they should have been miles away.”

Martin Johnson, famous big game hunter, reports having come at one time upon a group of not less than 25,000 crocodiles, some 35 feet in length, massed one on top of another along a river bank and extending for over a mile. They had congregated at this spot to eat fish, which were here in great profusion.

Johnson was pleased to find at Miami the identical flow’ers and fruits which were raised on his farm at Paradise Lake in the heart of Africa. He thinks the world is becoming less beautiful because the works of man so mar the landscape.

Johnson warns against walking far from camp at night in the lion country without a gun and a powerful flashlight. Lions always growl before attacking. An experienced hunter upon hearing the growl can spot the lion with his light at a distance of 300 or 400 feet. The lion is halted by the sudden glare and the hunter has a chance to shoot. Many have been mauled to death through failure to heed this advice.

An African explorer told of having seen eleven persons within a period of six weeks who had been maimed by leopards. The leopard is considered one of the most dangerous animals in the African jungle because of his marvelous body, his intelligence and his courage.

Explorers in Africa have to go prepared to withstand great changes of temperature. In the desert regions in the daytime the temperature is 100°F., while at night it drops below the freezing point. One explorer states that he suffered more from cold than from heat while traveling over high elevations.

It is not so hard as you may think to keep the path across the trackless desert. The markers along the way are the skeletons of the camels that have had to give up the fight. Sometimes there are more than 200 skeletons to the mile.

The airplane and the auto are being greatly used in the exploration of Africa. Strange as it may seem, Africa has been crossed at least twice, once from west to east and once from east to west, in auto trucks. The trip each time took about a year. One would think that the load must have consisted principally of gasoline, and the supply would have to be renewed every time a trade route was crossed. The survey of Rhodesia by airplane has just been completed.

Some explorers give their attention almost entirely to obtaining specimens of the animals peculiar to the country or locality visited. One expedition which went to South Africa brought back a herd of sable antelope to Philadelphia. When the antelope w’ere brought back, bits of landscape were also dismounted and packed up with infinite attention to detail. Leaves of trees and bushes were carefully stripped off and packed. Acacia trees were felled, sawed into sections, which were numbered, and the parts were shipped to be reconstructed later. The bush on which the sable feeds was uprooted and, with other native plants and flowers, packed in excelsior. Grass and stone and even some of the soil itself were taken, so that the sable antelope’s background in its Philadelphia setting might be absolutely truthful. Photographs and sketches which include tropical sky and cloud effects, will be of help in reassembling this bit of Africa in America.

Exploration in Australasia

Besides exploring in Africa, the Martin Johnsons have been in the South Sea Islands among the head hunters and cannibals. The New York Times tells us of one of their experiences. It says:

They found the real cannibals on the island of Male-kula, and they came near to being eaten by them in one of the feasts they had come to picture. The Johnsons had already seen the rites of the cannibals under the chief Nagapate. They saw the head-hunters going about their careful and intricate art of smoking and preserving their grisly trophies. Then Nagapate decided to detain them. When they resisted, he had them captured in the darkness. The Johnsons were separated. What would have happened next if Nagapate’s intentions had been carried out was not revealed, because just as the savages had got their captives to the ceremonial ring at the top of a hill, one of the things that can believably happen only in melodrama occurred. Far below the hill, but in plain sight of the cannibals and the Johnsons on the hill, the British patrol boat Euphrosyne, on its regular tour of inspection, steamed into the harbor and lowered a boat. The savages thought it had come to the rescue. The Johnsons encouraged the idea. Nagapate’s men were confused. They allowed the Johnsons to start down the hill. When they were half way down they saw the Euphrosyne starting to put to sea again. The savages saw that, too. Then they heard the conch-shell signals of the savages who were trying to intercept them. But by running at full speed through the cane that tore their faces the Johnsons managed to get to their own boat in time to beat the cannibals.

There are pigmies in the heart of New Guinea, as in the heart of Central Africa. These pigmies trembled in awe when a match was struck and when a reading lens was used to bring the sun’s rays into a heap of dried leaves; but the little brown pigmies did something the full-sized white man could not do. They sawed fire out of a piece of wood with a strip of flexible bamboo.

Throughout that part of the world fire is also made with a popgun, technically called a “fire syringe”. This instrument consists of a wooden tube, with a short plunger fitting tightly in the bore of the gun, and a wad of tinder packed in the lower end of the tube. To produce fire the native draws the plunger out and then drives it home smartly. The heat produced by the compression of the air ignites the tinder.

There are still some cannibals in Australia. Sir Hubert Wilkins gained the confidence of some of these. Some of their rules were that only young men may eat babies; the flesh of young girls is eaten only by the old men of the tribe; women are not allowed to eat young boys; but anybody may eat grown-up men or women. This cannibalism persists among those who have some vague knowledge of “Christianity”. Sir Hubert Wilkins told of a wife stealer who was put to death and then eaten. The reason given was: “Now that he is dead and his spirit gone to Jesus, it is not likely it will return to harm us; so why should we waste such fine, fat meat?”

During the year 1930 there was an exploration into Dutch Borneo. Head-hunting is forbidden by the colonial government; but the Dyaks believe their departed kin will need slaves in the abode of death, so they do not think it out of order to decapitate a servant. Heads are considered valuable, too, to ward off sickness, famine and disaster.

The explorers in Borneo found the humidity in the jungle very great. This made photography difficult, and the ordinary tasks of travel were trying. They were often troubled by leeches, which seemed to be everywhere. These found a way of getting through the eyelets of shoes, and it was not unusual at night to find a dozen or more of them bunched together like a ball of snakes.

In one place the expedition was in a huge morass for two days. The first night they had to remain standing, as there was no dry spot available to make camp. Often the men sank to their knees and over their heads in water and there was constant danger from crocodiles.

The assaults upon the Antarctic continent continue, but work there is done only at tremendous risks, often accompanied by great physical suffering. Nevertheless the Byrd Expedition has shown how the land may be mapped, and without a doubt the work will be done in due time.

A Strong Denunciation of Hollywood

J A. R. Cairns, magistrate of the Southwest-

• ern Police Court of London, in an interview gave expression to the following severe criticisms of the American enterprise centered at Hollywood, California. He said: “Film producers are fouling civilization. They exhibit human love as something disgusting, nauseating and revolting, and after they have debauched the youthful minds our criminal courts and hospitals are left to clear up the litter, while moneybugs clear off with the moneybags. Constantly in my court here I see girl-mothers faced by lads challenging their obligations of paternity. I do not hesitate to say that Hollywood is earning a distinction second only to Gomorrah. I can respect misguided enthusiasm and honest error, but here are men deliberately exploiting every human frailty for cash.”

In Black and White

Farmers' Incomes Lowest Since the War

THE Standard Statistics Company estimates that the gross income of American farmers for 1931 will be about $7,000,000,000, which is a drop of more than $2,000,000,000 from the low figures of last year, and makes 1931 their worst year since the war.

Where State Church Still Exists

CHURCH and state were separated in Mexico in 1859; in Brazil, in 1899; in France, in 1905; in Portugal, in 1911; in Russia, in 1918; in Chile, in 1925. The union still exists in Belgium, Irish Free State, Italy, Poland, Bolivia, Columbia, Venezuela, Argentina, Peru and Para-

Paints Used by the Old Masters

IT IS claimed that the secret of mixing paints possessed by the old landscape and portrait artists has been rediscovered after having been lost for two centuries. The essential fact is that the paint is unusable commercially, but must be made fresh by the artist as used.

School Hiking Obligatory in Austria

IN THE secondary schools of Austria five days in the year are set apart as obligatory days for hiking trips..As in Germany, there are hostels in.every city where a bed without white linen can be had for 4c; with linen, 12c. Food can be had at cost, but the travelers must bring their own plates and knives and forks.

Free Apples and Pears in Germany

ERMANY had such a bumper crop of apples and pears in 1931, and there was such a

guay.

Brazil Getting Rid of Its Coffee

RAZIL has given up its plan of dumping its surplus coffee into the ocean. That method

poor market for them, that in some places signs were erected, “Help yourself to fruit, but take care not to damage the trees.” God can certainly not he blamed for the chaos which now reigns in all parts of Satan’s empire.

A Vest Pocket Cracker

VEST pocket cracker, composed of wheat and milk, has been developed at Ohio State

was found too expensive and too slow. The new method is to burn the surplus, and 7,000,000 bags have been purchased to that end, with something like half the total already burned. It is hoped to burn nearly 17,000,000 bags, all together.

Landing Troops on Foreign Soil

IN THE past 115 years Uncle Sam has landed troops upon foreign soil on more than one hundred occasions. Usually such landing of troops by a great power is regarded merely as intervention. Theoretically it is done only to protect foreigners from local disorders; actually it has often been done to protect investments, as in Hayti and Nicaragua.

Artificial Hay-Drier

OME advantages are claimed for an artificial hay-drier. The hay is chopped fine and drawn

University. Two or three of these, it is claimed, contain all the elements needed by a full-grown man. They would have some use, no doubt, as aids to the diet of travelers in desert places, or for explorers.

Toronto Revivalist Thinks Baal Is Deaf

ev. Frank Halley, Toronto revivalist, is evidently quite convinced that Baal is deaf.

by suction through a revolving cylinder charged with hot air. The dried hay can be stored indefinitely without sweating, fermenting or discoloring. The crop as a whole is higher in protein and fat values and lower in fiber content than sun-dried hay and is preferred by the cattle. It retains its natural green color.

Liberty of Conscience in Spain

RTICLE XXV of the new Spanish Constitution guarantees liberty of conscience and

Becoming satisfied that more and probably louder prayers were necessary, he threatened to throw his wife out of the window because she was not praying often enough to suit him. She got afraid and swore out a warrant for his arrest. Seems too bad that Baal should have got Halley into all this trouble.

the right to practice any religion compatible with public morals. The anticlerical spirit now exists everywhere throughout Spain. It has been decided to expel from Spain and to seize the property of all religious orders which take a vow of obedience directly to the pope. The country will have no senate; parliament will consist of a single chamber. On the vote ending the age-long union of the Spanish state and the Catholic church the Assembly voted 287 to 41 that “no official state religion exists”,

Only One Element Undiscovered

OF THE ninety-two elements which chemists are agreed compose all matter, only one now remains undiscovered. The ninety-first one, an insoluble solid, is found in samarskite, and is so rare that it is calculated it would take two million pounds of this rare ore to produce one pound of the newly discovered element. Dr. Pa-pish, of Cornell University, was the discoverer.

The World’s Fastest Train

THE world’s fastest train, the "Cheltenham Flyer”, on the Great Western Railway, is supposed to do the 77 *4 miles from Swindon to Paddington in 67 minutes, but on her first run on the new schedule the train made the journey in 59 minutes and 30 seconds, or 7^ minutes under her own extremely fast schedule. On this occasion the entire trip was made at the rate of 78 miles an hour, some of it at a speed of 85 miles.

Compressed Air Auto Propulsion

N LOS ANGELES inventor has devised an automobile operating on compressed air. Before starting, the compressed-air tank is filled to about 500 pounds pressure. As the air goes through the engine most of it is recaptured and recompressed. The compressed air is heated by electricity from batteries and a generator, and as expanding the air in the tank doubles the air power, and the escape of used air is slight, it is believed the invention has a good future. No fuel is used.

Should Turn to Christ Our King

hose were courageous words of Cardinal -L Hayes, that “in the crisis that confronts us we should turn, with greatest confidence, to the headship of the human race, namely, to Christ our King”. To do that would mean the end of every government that is bolstered up by battleships, machine guns, flame throwers and poison gas; the end of every crooked system for gouging the common people financially; the end of medical tyranny; and the end of every religious system, including his own, which dishonors God by falsely accusing Him of planning to torture any of His creatures, either temporarily or permanently. Judge Rutherford’s little 10c book on “Hell” gives the straight of it to anybody who really cares to know what the Scriptures teach on this subject.

The Dictatorship in Germany

TpEAR of communism has brought about the J- establishment of a dictatorship in Germany. Censorship of mail, press, telephone and telegraph messages is provided. Restaurants and other popular gathering places of enemies of the government may be closed at will. Homes suspected of being the meeting place of either communists or fascists may be entered without the formality of a search warrant. The new rules occupy a book of 100 pages.

Duprene, the New Synthetic Rubber

"TXUPRENE, the new synthetic rubber, is more U resistant than natural rubber to the swelling action of gasoline and other chemicals that attack rubber. It can be vulcanized by the application of heat alone. The new rubber is made of coal, limestone, salt and water and gives the same type of X-ray diagram as natural rubber. The Du Pont Company is building a plant at Deepwater Point, N. J., for the manufacture of this rubber on a commercial scale.

The Mule vs. the Man

CONTRACTS of the State of Minnesota for the construction of highways specify the 48-hour week, but on the ground that 75 hours a week is the most profitable weekly working time for a mule, a Minnesota judge granted an injunction restraining the state from enforcing the clause. In a day when there is so little work to be had, and so great need that days should be short, so that as many men as possible may find work, it seems too bad that the judge had his eye on the mule.

Seven Big Corporations

SEVEN of the great corporations of the United States are the Anaconda Copper Company, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Bethlehem Steel Company, General Electric Company, International Harvester Company, Montgomery Ward & Company and Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company. There was a time in the year 1929 when the average price of the stocks of these seven companies was $140. Then came the crash and the average price of the stocks fell to $67. But at the close of business October 3, 1931, the average price of the stocks of the same seven companies was only $22.50, only one-third as much as the lowest reached in the time of the 1929 panic.

Ireland’s Drastic Safety Act

FRIGHTENED by the spread of communism and acts of terrorism by other revolutionary agencies, Ireland has passed a law denouncing twelve organizations as illegal and placing acts of terrorists under military law. Any three members of the military court can inflict the death penalty or life sentences and there is no appeal, but the government may modify or rescind sentences. The passage of the law has created a profound impression. Nervousness and apprehension are everywhere, and trouble is noticeable in many faces.

Opium Conference Moves to Siam

BECAUSE there were too many publicity men at Geneva, and because they asked too many embarrassing questions from a band of men who have no intention whatever of cutting down their opium profits, the opium conference has moved all the way around the world to Bangkok, Siam. The old gang from Geneva, the ones that really want to profit from the trade, are now at Bangkok, and nobody who knows anything about their past deliberations has any idea that they will do anything to lessen the dope curse now resting upon so great a portion of the world.

The Medical Trust in Iowa

MOST of our readers know that Norman

Baker’s great radio station KTNT at Muscatine, Iowa, was finally ruled off the air, supposedly because of antagonism to it by the Medical Trust; but we chanced only now to learn of something which preceded that event, and as it seems to hook up very well with what followed, we let our readers see it. This is part of a letter by Mr. Baker, sent out by him in May, 1930. It tells its own story:

I suppose you heard of the attempt to dynamite Radio Station KTNT, and the attempt which was made upon Mr. Baker’s life by gunmen for his activities against the Medical Trust. Friday, April 10, about 1:20 a.m. three gunmen were detected lying in wait outside the Baker Institute, and one of them was shot and carried away by his comrades to an automobile standing in the alley. Telephone wires were cut at one of our buildings in an effort to stop any call for protection, when they attempted to dynamite the station about 5 o’clock that same morning. About 2 o’clock Sunday morning two bombs were thrown at the transmitter room of KTNT radio station in an attempt to put the station out of business.

Cattle Stampede in the Caribbean

A CATTLE stampede on land is bad enough, but a vessel plying the Caribbean seas recently had the terrible experience of a cattle stampede on shipboard. The ship struck bad weather, the fences and pens began to break, the cattle became mad and frightened, and in the pandemonium that ensued all but twenty out of a cargo of one thousand were either killed outright or so badly injured that no use could be made of them. Many fell overboard and were slain by sharks. It was with greatest difficulty that the ship could be kept from sinking.

In Too Big a Hurry

FOUR times a man in Los Angeles presented himself at the Georgia Street Receiving Hospital, stating that he had been beaten and robbed and that he was suffering from severe pains in the head. Three of these times he was given a hurried examination and put back into the street. The fourth time he was sent to the General Hospital, where he was found to have a fractured skull, and where he died fourteen days after his injury. Looks as if somebody had been in too big a hurry in the first three examinations.

Secretary Stimson Overrides the Senate

ON THE floor of the United States Senate, and at the polls, the American people have said that they want nothing to do with the League of Nations, yet Secretary of State Stimson, by executive action, disregarded and overrode this deliberately expressed mandate of the nation and aroused Japan’s resentment by sending to Geneva an “unofficial observer” to cooperate with the League in its actions in respect to the Chinese-Japanese troubles in Manchuria. Uncle Sam has trouble, and only trouble, to expect from entanglements of this kind. The United States has absolutely no right to have a representative at the table of the Council of the League of Nations until the United States Senate has given its consent. The position is well taken that if the United States is to join with the League of Nations in giving orders to Japan to keep out of Manchuria, it may not be long before Japan and the League of Nations will be giving orders to the United States to keep out of Hayti and Nicaragua; and that is something Big Business might not like at all.

An Interview with Cannibals

Dr. Lee S. Crandall, of the New ¥ork Zoolog- A

ical Garden, is back from a visit to New A

Guinea, where he had an interview with cannibals. His party was without food; they had to have it; the only place to get it was in a cannibal village, a completely enclosed place of twenty houses, arranged side by side around an oval space in the interior. Against the advice of his native guides Doctor Crandall climbed the tall three-barred entrance barrier and descended inside the village. Gifts broke the ice and won food and friendship. “Give and it shall be given you, good measure, pressed down, heaped together and running over shall men give into your bosom.”

Luebeck’s Wonderful School

UEBECK, Germany, has a wonderful school.

Every class room receives sunlight the whole day long; there are no dark corridors; there are flower pots in every window; there is a tiled wash basin in every class room; there is a gymnasium with shower and foot baths which is open before and after school hours; there is an assembly room with stage; there is a kitchen where warmed milk is provided; and one room provides a planetarium where single stars or a representation of the entire heavens may be studied at the will of the teacher. In addition to the playyard there are covered balconies where the children may play in wet weather.

“The Church in the Modern World”

BOOK bearing this title, and for sale by the Baptist Book Store of Louisville, Ken

tucky, contains the following passage which shows the complete confusion of mind as to what was accomplished at Calvary nineteen hundred years ago. In the new book, which is by G. Stanley Russell, the doctrine of the Ransom, one of the most important doctrines of the Christian, is completely repudiated in these words:

The Great War in which, by the huge crucifixion of Christ in a myriad lives for and by sin, the world has been shamed and raised into new and loftier thought and action, into a most determined effort to renounce the barbarism of war and erect the foundations of civilization on peace, into a fresh sense of its unity with God and itself, is part of Christ’s atoning work.

So the Great War is a part of Christ’s atoning •work, is it ? And Sherman said that “war is hell”; and the real fighters all say that it is. Rev. Dr. G. S. Russell should not write any more books.

Why Be So Unjust?

T ENGLEWOOD, Colo., a federal agent caught a schoolboy with three ounces of wine in his possession and was so wrought with indignation that he clubbed the boy with his gun, fracturing his skull and killing him. Another federal agent, at Santa Monica, California, ran into President Hoover’s brother-in-law just at an embarrassing moment, when he happened to have in his possession a gunnysack containing nineteen pints of liquor. But instead of fracturing his skull he advised him to protect himself and the president by giving a false name. Why be so unjust? It tends to undermine all respect for law.

General Smuts on the Next War

THE next war, says General Smuts, “will pay scant attention to armies and navies or to the other paraphernalia of war. It will go straight for the populations and for the immense urban aggregations. It will fight with new unheard of chemical and biological weapons. It will cover the fair land and the great cities with poison and disease germs. There will be no escape, not even for the statesmen and the war makers, and a pall of death will rest over all. Even now the laboratories of three continents are busy with their deadly researches. And in due course some lunatic or criminal will press the button and the flower of the human race will be trapped and destroyed.”

Reverend Andrew Caraker to the Front

A T BALTIMORE, Md., Armistice Day, November 11, 1931, at an American Legion banquet, Rev. Dr. T. Andrew Caraker stated that if Jesus Christ had lived in 1917 He would have been the first to volunteer in the American army, and the first to wear a gas mask, shoulder a rifle and enter the trenches. This shows exactly what to do with Rev. Andrew Caraker at the outbreak of hostilities. Give him a gas mask and head him for the front line trenches. Merely as a matter of information we remind Reverend Caraker that when greenhorns first put on gas masks they sometimes vomit in them, but do not dare take them off, as it means death. But we do not feel that such involuntary ejection of bile from Reverend Caraker’s system would do him any harm, and hence we are strong for him to have first chance. Indeed, he seems to be engaged in mental vomiturition right now; for what else could you call his regurgitations ?

Hebrew Free Loan Society

THE Hebrew Free Loan Society, Inc. (Gemi-lath Chasodim), 108 Second Avenue, New York, with one branch in Harlem, one in the Bronx, and two in Brooklyn, has eight officers and twenty-eight directors, all with typically Hebrew names. On the Society’s letterhead appears the following printed information:

The object of this society is to loan money to those in need, instead of giving alms, and thus assist respectable people whose character and self-respeet will not permit them to receive alms, but who will accept a loan which they can repay and thus overcome the difficulties in their struggle for a means of livelihood.

Money is loaned in any sums up to five hundred dollars to applicants irrespective of nationality, religion, or race, or expense of any kind, the borrower repaying the loan in weekly instalments.

Our Inconsistent Financiers

VER since the World War the so-called great financiers of the world have tried to get all the principal nations away from paper money and over to the gold standard. They got what they wanted. This made everybody want gold; and the strongest got it, the same being Uncle Sam and La Belle France. But as soon as they got the gold standard in general use England found she could not maintain it and had to go back to paper. Then the same great financiers said that was a good thing. The fact of the business is that anything that will enable them to hang on to their pile just a little longer is in their eyes ‘a good thing’. If England were swallowed up in a financial collapse it would draw down these prognosticators of America along with the rest. The more paper money there is issued, the worse it is for the creditor class. It is to their interest that there be as little real money as possible. That is why they prefer the gold standard and dear money.

Two Hundred Causes of Death

IKE everything else, the subject of death has been standardized and there are now just two hundred ailments from which the physician may choose in making out the death certificate. Of infectious and parasitic diseases there are 44; of cancers and other tumors, 11; of rheumatic diseases, nutritional diseases, diseases of the endocrine glands and other general diseases, 14; diseases of the blood and blood-making organs, 8; chronic poisonings and intoxications, 3; diseases of the nervous system and of the organs of special sense, 12; diseases of the circulatory system, 14; diseases of the respiratory system, 11; diseases of the digestive system, 15; diseases of the genito-urinary system, 10; diseases of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperal state, 14; diseases of the skin and cellular tissue, 3; diseases of the bones and organs of locomotion, 3; congenital malformations, 1; diseases of early infancy, 4; senility, 1; violent and accidental deaths, 38. If we would be slain with industrial poisons there is a list of 168 from which to choose. Of bacterial parasites there are 49; and of animal parasites, 41. As it is now, we all have to go, and we don’t have a great deal of choice as to the route. What a wonderful world it will be when it is true here on terra firms that “the inhabitant shall not say I am sick”.

What the World Might Be

IN THE magazine Liberty H. G. Wells tells what the world might be. He says: “All the necessities of the human population, food, abundant transport, clean, fresh, and beautiful housing and furniture, adequate health services, education, social security, could be supplied now under modern conditions by something between twelve and twenty years of not too arduous work on the part of everyone. The town, the countryside, would be undergoing constant revision and improvement: the world city would be constantly more gracious and pleasant; the world garden, constantly more beautiful. The layout of industry could be as exciting as a game.” And then Mr. Wells tells us why we do not have these happy times now, and everybody knows he tells the plain truth when he says:

It is no good mincing matters when it comes to saying why we have not this universal well-being at the present time. Most of our rulers and directors are, to put it plainly, narrow-minded, self-centered, mentally indolent, pompous and pretentious creatures of the past; and we others are fools enough to tolerate their mismanagement. These ruling and controlling people have got enough for themselves, they stick to the controls like barnacles, they live in relative comfort and immense dignity, chiefly engaged in the defense of their own conceit, and the mass of us lack the spirit, will, and understanding to call them to account. A thousand million human creatures are leading lives of want, humiliation, limitation, and toil; scores of millions are in immediate danger of the futile tortures of war, and these dull, self-protective folk in control of things do nothing of what they might do and pose for our respect and admiration with infinite self-complacency.

Education Compulsory; School Attendance Not Judge Henry Neil, publicist, of East Aurora,

N. Y., dropped in to see us the other day, and let fall the interesting bit of information that while education is compulsory in the United States, yet school attendance is not.

He went on to say that the United States Supreme Court had settled this matter in the Oregon case, having decided that the parent must see to it, either by giving the instruction himself or arranging to have it given by others, that the child shall not grow to maturity without ability to read and write. It is proper for the state to provide education for its future citizens, but if a parent provides for that education otherwise, then he is not obligated to accept the state’s provision. That seems to settle the education end of it.

Perhaps this information will be of value to the anxious parent in Ohio who wrote us the following letter recently:

About July 20, 1931, Dr. Baldridge, county health doctor of Butler county, Ohio, vaccinated the daughter (age 5) of Mrs. Roof of No. 10 Howman Avenue, New Miami, Ohio (about 4 miles from Hamilton). The little girl was in perfect health when vaccinated, but never got well afterwards. Dr. Harry Deubel, No. 230 Dayton St., Hamilton, was their physician. The girl was taken to the hospital, where she was doctored ten days. Her parents were not informed as to what was her disease, until, on the death certificate it was pronounced “Vaccine Encephalitis”. (It was because of frequent cases of Vaccine Encephalitis that Holland recently abandoned compulsory vaccination.) The Mr. Roof has two other children not expected to live, from same disease. Hamilton has ordinance compelling all school children to be vaccinated before attending school this fall. I have two children to go to school and I intend to resist this ordinance.

A Surprising Lesson in Dented Ethics

THE man who claims to have the largest dental business in the world (he has 35 offices in the United States) seems not to think highly of dental ethics, or medical ethics in general. In a book narrating his own experiences he makes this statement:

The object has been the same in each case: to keep the common herd out of the professional pasture; to perpetuate a system which will keep knowledge, necessary to the well-being of the human race, in the hands of the few for the profit of the few; and to make the multitude believe that it can never aspire to any such heights of wisdom.

Narrating the efforts which were made by the ethieal to discipline him for giving dental lectures on the streets, for advertising, for cutting prices, and for doing other things displeasing to his professional brethren, he sets forth the following surprising statement of what some dentists once considered ethical treatment of the public at the time they were laboring to convert an erring colleague from the error of his ways.

They would send a patient to me and, after I had extracted his teeth, they would take him in hand, and, under pretense of “rectifying” my “blunders”, they would put arsenical paste or fibre, saturated with carbolic acid, into the tooth socket, and let nature take its course. When the inevitable trouble followed, they would tell this unfortunate that I had given him bloodpoisoning; he would have to go to the hospital, and he should certainly file suit for damages against me. One peculiarly vicious ease I recall was that of a Fourth avenue barber, into whose tooth socket one of the “ethical” dentists placed arsenical fibre after I had treated him. When I saw him later, he had a hole in the side of his face into which I could stick my fist. Before he died, he visited my family physician and laid before him the whole plot.

WBBR’S New Organ

FpHE other day S. H. Toutjian, organ specialist, showed us some of the interesting things about WBBR’S new organ, a very great addition to the studio. Though the console or keyboard is on the floor of the main studio, yet the works of the organ itself are located on the first and second floors beneath. The sounds come up through gratings in the floor.

The organ has 730 pipes, all sizes and lengths. When one of the pipes is too long to go in the place where it is supposed to go, it is just tied in a knot so as to take up the surplus length. It seems that the sound that emerges from its throat is just the same when the pipe is as crooked as a ram’s horn as it is when it is straight as an arrow.

First is the open diapason tibia clausa, a very heavy full-toned flute. It takes 73 pipes to carry all the variations of that. Next is the bourdon flute, a softer, lighter flute; this one has 85 pipes. Next comes the viol d’orchestre; it has a cutting violin sound and represents the violin, the viola and the cello; it has 73 pipes. The vio-lone, which is the counterpart of the bass violin, has 12 pipes. The viol celeste is a softer string sound and takes in the cello, viola and violin; it has 73 pipes. The clarinet, heavy and light, eight feet and four feet, has 61 pipes. The kinura, or Turkish oboe, a very sharp, cutting sound, is eight feet and four feet, with 61 pipes. The vox humana imitates male human voices and has 73 pipes. The French trumpet takes in the trombone and cornet and has 73 pipes. The French horn, a very heavy reed sound, has 17 pipes. The harp and harp celeste have 49 notes, and the cathedral chimes have 20. WBBR has the reputation of furnishing the very best high-class music that goes out over the radio from any station in New York. This new organ will add to its ability to give the best.

Scranton Electric Company

AMESTOWN, N. Y., has a minimum bill of only 70c a month for electricity used in the home, or 3y2c for the first 50 kilowatt hours. After that the rate is less. That Jamestown can afford to do this is proved by the fact that the municipally owned plant which provides these rates is making money; it recently bought out its privately owned competitor, after the latter had vainly tried by legal methods to force it to charge higher rates. Another reason why the Jamestown plant can afford to charge but 70c for 20 kilowatt hours of electricity is that the cost of those units of electricity at three-tenths of one cent per kilowatt hour would be but 6c, anyway. That leaves 64c to go on, and 64c is a big margin on current that costs but 6c at the switchboard. But now see the situation in Scranton, the Electric City. Current can be produced as cheaply there as anywhere under the sun, yet, in the face of these hard times, the Scranton Electric Company first holds up the poor miner with a fiat charge of $1.00 per month as a “Ready to Serve” charge. This is before they give him any current at all. Then if he uses 20 kilowatt hours he is charged another $1.00 for that, making a total of $2.00 for what the Jamestowm householder is able to get for 70c. No bigger rascality was ever practiced under the sun than the imposition of these so-called “Service Charges”, “Ready to Serve Charges,” “Room Charges,” etc., etc., now commonly laid upon the poor all over the country by the infamous Power Trust. Under the pretense of lowering rates they have actually increased them to the poor, while lowering them to the rich. If that is not the spirit of the Devil, name something that is. If the Scranton Electric Company had any shame at all it would stop charging in Scranton three times what the same current costs the householder in Jamestown.

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