The Watchtower, August 15, 1991

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The Watchtower — August 15, 1991

Source: jw.org

Contents

Health and Happiness—Can They Be Yours?

Health and Happiness—How Can You Find Them?

The Pursuit of Liberty in Senegal

The Abundant Goodness of Jehovah

Producing “Every Sort of Goodness”

Jehovah—“A Manly Person of War”

Do You Remember?

Do You Deny Sinful Tendencies?

“The Crème de la Crème”

Health and Happiness—Can They Be Yours?

Health and Happiness​—Can They Be Yours?

AS LONG AS there have been imperfect men and women, they have longed for health and happiness. Though these are surely two of the most important human desires, they have proved elusive.

Men have given much thought to, and offered much counsel on, this search. Observed Dr. Dennis Jaffe: “Today, the key to enduring health and healing often lies in your own behavior.” Abraham Lincoln once commented: “People are about as happy as they make up their mind to be.” Do you agree? How keenly do you desire happiness? How much does achieving it depend on having good health?

People have looked everywhere for happiness, following seemingly endless leads. They have investigated philosophy, psychology, and metaphysics. In their search for happiness, some have explored science, the arts, and music. Yet there is little doubt that a major part of true happiness is related to having good health. “If you’ve got your health, you’ve got just about everything,” said a popular television commercial.

Pursuing this avenue, many people have explored a variety of health theories, both orthodox and unorthodox. Nearly every public library shows the endless possibilities of diet regimens and forms of treatment. “Many books have been written on health, starting in antiquity,” commented the noted heart specialist Dr. Paul Dudley White. “One of the best was Regiment of Helthe written about a thousand years ago.”

Despite all of this, the search for health and happiness has been a disappointing one for the majority of humans. Does this surprise you, considering how advanced our civilization has supposedly become? Clearly, science has not done away with sickness, aging, and death.

But would it further surprise you to know that we still have no way to measure happiness and no good definition of what it is? In a lecture considering “Reflections on Happiness,” Pierre Teilhard de Chardin concluded: “For centuries this has been the subject of endless books, investigations, individual and collective experiments, one after another; and, sad to relate, there has been complete failure to reach unanimity. For many of us, in the end, the only practical conclusion to be drawn from the whole discussion is that it is useless to continue the search.”

Is that how you feel about happiness? Ask yourself some personal but honest questions. Are you truly happy now? Or is real happiness to be found only in heaven? Is there any sure prospect that we can have health and happiness, and even have these right here on earth?

Health and Happiness—How Can You Find Them?

Health and Happiness​—How Can You Find Them?

MAN has long recognized a close link between health and happiness. Hippocrates, thought of as “the father of medicine,” stated: “A wise man should consider that health is the greatest of human blessings.” German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer noted: “The two foes of human happiness are pain and boredom.”

In the book Anatomy of an Illness as Perceived by the Patient, Norman Cousins related his experience in using laughter to combat his potentially life-threatening illness. He attributed his recovery at least partially to the belly laughs he enjoyed while watching comedy films. Reputable doctors have begun to investigate a possible benefit of certain chemicals, called endorphins, that are released in the body when we laugh. We can thus see the wisdom of the inspired proverb: “A heart that is joyful does good as a curer.”​—Proverbs 17:22.

Yet, paradoxically, researchers have found that good health does not necessarily guarantee happiness, for many healthy people are unhappy. Research based on questionnaire and interview responses of well over 100,000 people led Jonathan Freedman to the unexpected conclusion that over 50 percent of the people who were unhappy with their lives were basically healthy.

Health and Happiness​—In a Word

Where, then, are we to look for the elusive combination of health and happiness? An interesting insight was given centuries ago by Confucius: “Good government obtains when those who are near are made happy, and those who are far off are attracted.” Closer to our time, statesman Thomas Jefferson proclaimed that the only aim of government is “to secure the greatest degree of happiness possible to the general mass of those associated under it.”

In fact, close inspection reveals that the ultimate answer to mankind’s quest for health and happiness does indeed focus on one thing​—government.

Through the ages, humans have looked there​—to government—​for their happiness. For example, the United States Declaration of Independence contains these famous words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” Note that the government there envisioned promised its subjects only the right to pursue happiness. As far as health is concerned, many governments commendably have promoted programs to improve the health of their citizens. Still, general good health for the majority has proved elusive.

Yet what of a government that promises to provide even more? What if it promises not only the pursuit of happiness but happiness itself? And what if it promises, not health insurance, but good health itself? Would you not rejoice that here lies the ultimate key to mankind’s quest for health and happiness?

Many today might think this is an unrealistic dream, yet such a government is actually foretold and described in some detail. We can find the reliable information in the Holy Bible, and the government is God’s Messianic Kingdom.

The Kingdom, or Government, of God

The Bible speaks often of “the kingdom of God.” Just what is it? Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American Language defines “kingdom” as “a government or country headed by a king or queen.” Put simply, God’s Kingdom is a government, a royal government headed by God’s anointed Son and King, Jesus Christ. Just how important is this government in God’s purpose? Let Jesus’ words answer: “Keep on, then, seeking first the kingdom . . . This good news of the kingdom will be preached in all the inhabited earth . . . I must declare the good news of the kingdom of God, because for this I was sent forth. . . . The kingdom of God is being declared as good news, and every sort of person is pressing forward toward it.”​—Matthew 6:33; 24:14; Luke 4:43; 16:16.

The word “kingdom” is used over a hundred times in the Gospel accounts of Jesus’ life, sometimes very specifically in connection with health and happiness. Note Matthew 9:35: “Jesus set out on a tour of all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues and preaching the good news of the kingdom and curing every sort of disease and every sort of infirmity.” Although Jesus linked the bringing of good health with his teaching about the Kingdom, we should note that his curing of illnesses was incidental to his preaching and teaching. He was known as “The Teacher,” not “The Healer.” (Matthew 26:18; Mark 14:14; John 1:38) He did not concentrate principally on healing people or providing care for the sick. His primary concern was always the Kingdom. By caring for people’s ills, he showed his great compassion and manifested that he did have divine backing.

The healings by Jesus also served as a preview of the restoration of human health that he will accomplish when God’s Kingdom exercises full control of the earth. This is reinforced by the vision that is described at Revelation 22:1, 2: “He showed me a river of water of life, clear as crystal, flowing out from the throne of God and of the Lamb down the middle of its broad way. And on this side of the river and on that side there were trees of life producing twelve crops of fruit, yielding their fruits each month. And the leaves of the trees were for the curing of the nations.”

But where will it be possible for us to enjoy this? It might seem too good to expect such a marvelous healing to occur on earth. Recall, however, Jesus’ words that you yourself may have spoken in prayer: “Let your kingdom come. Let your will take place, as in heaven, also upon earth.”​—Matthew 6:10.

In God’s Messianic Kingdom, then, lies our real, our reliable, hope for health and happiness in the future. A question remains, though.

Can We Enjoy Health and Happiness Now?

Even now, our following Bible principles may enable us to enjoy a greater measure of health, along with increased happiness. As has frequently been pointed out in the pages of this journal, those who apply the Bible in their daily lives usually are protected from the health problems resulting from sexual immorality, smoking, overdrinking, and drug abuse. They also experience the benefits of a calmer life and better relations with relatives and others.

We have already seen, though, that having good health does not necessarily result in lasting happiness. What would it take for you to enjoy a larger measure of happiness?

In the research mentioned earlier, Jonathan Freedman considered that question in depth. He looked at such factors as “Love and Sex,” “Youth and Age,” “Income and Education,” even “Town and Country.” It may interest you to know that he found that these factors had little effect on one’s basic happiness. For example, citing instances of people who had a lot of material things but were still unhappy, he concluded: “We have seen that, somewhat surprisingly, neither income nor education seems to play a major role in happiness.”

His conclusions echoed a wise writer of the Bible, the apostle Paul, who said: “I have learned, in whatsoever state I am, therewith to be content.” (Philippians 4:11, King James Version) Recall, too, Jesus’ words: “Keep your eyes open and guard against every sort of covetousness, because even when a person has an abundance his life does not result from the things he possesses.”​—Luke 12:15.

Indeed, Professor Freedman found this: “Time after time, as we look at the statements by unhappy people who appear to have everything, we find them commenting that their lives lack meaning and direction.” He added: “I hesitate to make too much of this, but it does appear that spiritual values color one’s feelings about reality, while a lack of them to some extent poisons or detracts from everything else.”

In our day we see evidence of the truth of these observations. Look around you. Do you not see almost all people​—some with little, some with much—​chasing happiness but not enjoying much of it? True, some have given up and live in quiet desperation, yet many live their lives as if on a treadmill, chasing, but never quite catching, what they pursue. Some marry to acquire happiness, even while their neighbor is divorcing for the same reason. Others burn themselves out with work, while still others drop out for long and perhaps expensive vacations. All seek the same elusive end, to be healthy and happy. Do they find it? Have you found it?

Your Health, Your Happiness

The fact is, you can have a large measure of health and happiness now. How so?

Certainly it is wise to try to take care of your health in a balanced way, such as by applying the Bible’s practical counsel. It will also help to be realistic. That involves recognizing that sickness may come to our imperfect bodies, yet we will not be crushed when that occurs. This may require further effort to maintain an optimistic outlook as we focus on the promise of perfect health in the new world to come.

To see if you have a reasonable degree of happiness now, ask yourself these questions: 1. Am I essentially in control of my own life? 2. Am I basically at peace with myself and those around me? 3. Am I generally pleased with my life’s accomplishments as weighed in the light of the Bible? 4. Are my family and I enjoying being able to serve God?

To a large extent, the choice is ours. Many of us may basically be healthy, and we have the option to be happy too. But we must have spiritual goals and then work to achieve them. Remember Jesus’ words: “Where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.” (Matthew 6:21) And we have a Bible-based reason to look forward to even greater health and happiness under the perfect rule of the Messianic Kingdom. Then complete health and happiness can be ours.

[Picture on page 7]

Happy people are glad to share with others their hope for perfect health

The Pursuit of Liberty in Senegal

The Pursuit of Liberty in Senegal

JUST offshore from Dakar, the modern capital of Senegal, lies small Gorée Island. On it stands a stark reminder of a dark part of history​—a slave house built in 1776.

It is one of many such houses in which from 150 to 200 slaves were confined in squalid conditions for up to three months before being shipped to faraway places. Families were split up, the members never to see one another again; the father might be sent to Louisiana in North America, the mother to Brazil or Cuba, and the children to Haiti, Guyana, or Martinique. What disregard for human liberty! This is also a powerful reminder that freedom is a precious privilege that has not always been the lot of all people.

I learned of this from the tourist brochure that I was reading aboard a plane heading for Senegal, the most westerly country on the big bulge of West Africa. Senegal’s savanna country lies between deserts to the north and east and dense jungles to the south. Here you can find the majestic, long-lived baobab tree, with its curious fruit called monkey bread, from which cream of tartar is made. This is also the land of monkeys and colorful birds and of quaint villages nestled in mango groves.

I sat back and thought about my long-awaited visit to this gateway to West Africa. Today, Senegal, with its seven million inhabitants from many different ethnic backgrounds, enjoys full liberty. But could it be that a person might be free physically, yet be enslaved to practices and superstitions that rob him of true liberty? I looked forward anxiously to meeting my spiritual brothers and learning firsthand of the progress, in that part of the world, of the truth that sets men free.​—John 8:32.

‘Jehovah Wants You to Have This Building’

First on my agenda was a visit to the Watch Tower branch office and missionary home in Dakar. As we arrived at a modern-looking building in a quiet suburb, I noticed a large J on the front. My first question on the tour of the branch office was what the letter J stood for.

“It’s very interesting,” explained my guide [male]. “When we were looking for larger branch facilities in 1985, we visited this building, which was under construction. But we felt it was too large for our needs. When the owner heard that we were Jehovah’s Witnesses, he wanted very much to rent the building to us, as he knew of our honesty. ‘I’m sure your God, Jehovah, wants you to have this building,’ he said. ‘Why, look! There is even a big J on the front! When I had it put there, I thought it was to stand for my name John, but now I’m sure it’s for the name of God, Jehovah!’ We have been happy to be in this fine building for the past five years.”

Next I wanted to know how the preaching work got started in Senegal.

“The liberating waters of truth were introduced into Senegal in the early 1950’s by one of Jehovah’s Witnesses who came from France on a work contract. In 1965 a branch office was opened in Dakar to look after the work in the French-speaking countries of Senegal, Mali, and Mauritania, as well as in the English-speaking country of Gambia. Since 1986 we have been caring for the work also in Guinea-Bissau, where Portuguese is spoken.”

Aware that more than 90 percent of the population here are non-Christians, I asked what progress has been made. “It’s true that many people in these lands are not familiar with the Bible,” my guide said, “but the work is moving along steadily. In January 1991 we were pleased to see 596 Kingdom publishers. That shows that the local brothers and the missionaries have been working very hard.”

“I understand there are many missionaries serving here,” I observed.

“Yes, we have about 60 assigned to the various territories we care for, and they came from 13 countries. They work hard and have contributed greatly to getting the work on a good footing. This spirit is reflected by the local brothers in their love and zeal for the truth. Despite facing problems such as unemployment and very limited material means, many brothers spend 15 hours and more in the field ministry every month. We hope you will meet some of these zealous workers on your visit.”

I looked forward to doing so.

In the Field With Missionaries

Margaret (who had been in missionary service for more than 20 years before her recent death) volunteered to take me along with her to her territory in the center of the city. We took a car rapide (rapid car) to get a taste of local life. It was, in fact, a small bus that made frequent stops. It carried 25 passengers, and if all of them were slim, I could see how the trip could almost be comfortable. The two ladies sharing my bench were definitely not slim, but I accepted the situation with a smile.

“In my downtown territory, you can see many interesting things,” explained Margaret when we got to our destination. “See those colorful sandals?” she asked, pointing to some stalls along the sidewalk. “They are made with dyed skins of sheep and goats.” We approached the sandal makers, and Margaret started her presentation to them in their language, Wolof. They listened intently and were fascinated by the illustrations of Adam and Eve in the colorful brochure.

In no time we were approached by hawkers, known here as bana-bana men, offering an endless variety of items. Some had brooms; others presented clothes, locks, medicine, purses, oranges, and even live birds. One wanted to sell me a kora, a stringed instrument made from half a calabash, or gourd, with a stick for a neck; it is played with both hands. I noticed that on its back was a small image of a mask fashioned from leather, goat horn, and small “good luck” shells. We explained that we would not buy anything adorned with signs that might have to do with sorcery or unchristian rites. To our surprise, the bana-bana man agreed, indicating that he was a Muslim himself. He hid the kora behind his long flowing garb, or boubou, and listened carefully as Margaret presented the brochure, which was in Arabic. He was so enthused that he took the brochure and began reading it right there. After thanking us profusely, he left with the brochure and the unsold kora. We felt sure he would study the brochure at home.

Later, I talked to John, who had also been a missionary for over 20 years.

“People here are very friendly, and you can talk to almost everyone you meet,” John told me. “The popular greeting ‘assalam alaikum’ means ‘peace be with you,’ and most people are peaceable. This is the land of teranga, or hospitality, and it is expressed by kindness, human warmth, and gaiety.” It was becoming easier for me to see why so many young foreign Witnesses could leave their families and friends to serve in this missionary field.

Freed to Pursue Full-Time Ministry

The missionary spirit has a profound influence on the local Witnesses. This is especially evident because widespread unemployment makes taking up the full-time pioneer service a real challenge. Marcel and Lucien, who were freed from many harmful habits by learning Bible truth, explained:

“We wanted to show our appreciation by taking up the pioneer service. But part-time work was hard to find. We tried gardening, but it didn’t work out. Laundering clothes took up too much of our time. Now we are in the baking business, with certain stores as our regular customers, and this is working out well.” Clearly it took them a great deal of faith and ingenuity, along with sincere effort, but this proves it is possible to enter the full-time service even when economic conditions are difficult.

When Jehovah’s Witnesses started to study the Bible with Michel, he was attending a university in Dakar. “I was depressed by the immoral spirit of so many of the students, and perplexing questions haunted me,” he related. “Why was man enslaved to such harmful practices and conditions? The Bible gave me the answers. It was as if a heavy weight were lifted off my shoulders. Although my parents insisted that I continue my studies, I engaged in the auxiliary pioneer service and then served as a regular pioneer for the remainder of the time I had to be in the university. I find sharing the good news with others as a pioneer, not the seeking of a career in a system that will soon go out of business, brings me the greatest joy.” Michel is now serving as a special pioneer in Mbour.

Polygamy Versus Christian Monogamy

Local customs are not always in agreement with Christian principles, and this can present unique challenges. Alioune, the presiding overseer in one of the six congregations of Jehovah’s Witnesses in greater Dakar, related: “When I first heard the liberating truth, I had two wives. As a practicing Muslim, I was permitted by my religion to have even more. My father had four, and most of my friends had several. It is the accepted way here in Africa.” But what was the effect of this way of life?

“Having more than one wife can cause many problems,” Alioune explained, “especially as far as the children are concerned. I have ten children by my first wife and two by my second. In such families, the father is often a stranger to his children, so they do not benefit from his help and discipline. Incidentally, polygamy did not protect me from adultery either. Rather, it is self-control, a fruit of God’s spirit, that has done that.” So, what did Alioune do?

“I had my second wife return to her parents’ home,” he continued, “and tactfully explained that it was not that I had found anything displeasing with her, but it was to conform to God’s requirements. I made special arrangements to care for all my children materially and spiritually, and I am thankful that today they too are serving Jehovah. Of the nine that are publishers, five are baptized, two serve as special pioneers, and the other three as regular and auxiliary pioneers. The truth has really set me free from many of the problems associated with raising children.”

Fetish Worship Versus True Worship

Next on my itinerary was a visit to the Casamance region in the south. I was impressed by how fresh and green everything appeared. Well watered by the mighty Casamance River for some 180 miles [300 km], the area produces abundant rice, maize, and peanuts. Scattered through the countryside are circular, two-story huts, with thatched roofs in the form of a funnel to collect rainwater for the dry season. The capital, Ziguinchor, is built in the shelter of a vast palm grove. I was happy to meet a zealous congregation of Jehovah’s people here.

Dominic, a missionary working in and around Ziguinchor, told me that the preaching work in this area is moving along very nicely. “Just ten years ago,” he said, “there were 18 publishers in the Ziguinchor Congregation. Now there are 80. To care for this great increase, we have built a beautiful new Kingdom Hall, using red clay found right at the hall site. The project proved to be a great witness to the community. Favorable remarks were made by those who saw people from so many different tribes working together peacefully. At a recent circuit assembly, the peak attendance was 206, with 4 persons being baptized.”

Many people in this part of Senegal still follow the animistic beliefs of their ancestors, worshiping fetishes even though professing to be Christians or Muslims. I listened intently to the story related by Victor, an elder in the Ziguinchor Congregation.

“I was born into a large fetish-worshiping family in Guinea. At my birth, my father dedicated me to a certain spirit, or demon. To win its favor, I would regularly take a black suitcase from under the bed, set up a small altar, and offer blood sacrifices to the horn that represented my demon protector. Even after I became a Catholic, I still felt enslaved. After I moved to Senegal, Jehovah’s Witnesses began studying the Bible with me. My wife and I learned that we could not continue ‘eating at the table of Jehovah and the table of demons.’ (1 Corinthians 10:21) But when I stopped offering sacrifices, the demons began to attack us. I was afraid to throw out the black suitcase with all its demonic objects because I knew of a man who had completely lost his mind when he did that.” What a desperate situation Victor was in!

“Finally the words of Romans 8:31, 38, 39 gave us the needed strength to get rid of everything related to fetish worship. Now that we have placed our confidence in Jehovah, we have truly been liberated. My entire household has the wonderful hope of everlasting life in an earthly paradise, where all mankind will be free of the influence of wicked demons.”

At last, it was time for me to leave. As I packed my bags, I reflected on my unforgettable visit to Senegal. How faith-strengthening it had been for me to meet and talk to so many people who have been freed from bondage to drug abuse, immorality, and superstition and who now enjoy true liberty. In spite of difficult economic conditions, they are finding joy and contentment in serving Jehovah, who brought them the sure hope of everlasting life in a paradise earth. How thankful we are to him who has made it possible to have such good news proclaimed not only in Senegal but also worldwide during “the year of goodwill on the part of Jehovah”! (Isaiah 61:1, 2)​—Contributed.

[Map on page 8]

(For fully formatted text, see publication)

SENEGAL

St. Louis

Louga

Thiès

Dakar

Kaolack

GAMBIA

Banjul

[Pictures on page 9]

The liberating waters of truth are shared freely in the villages

Missionary home and branch office of Jehovah’s Witnesses in Dakar, Senegal

[Picture on page 10]

Along the coast, too, people of Senegal hear the Christian message

The Abundant Goodness of Jehovah

The Abundant Goodness of Jehovah

“How abundant your goodness is, which you have treasured up for those fearing you!”​—PSALM 31:19.

1, 2. (a) What immense work did Jehovah undertake at some time in the distant past? (b) How did Jehovah describe the result of his creative activities?

THERE was a time when God began to create ‘the heavens as his throne and the earth as his footstool.’ (Isaiah 66:1) The divine record does not reveal when this took place. It simply states: “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.” (Genesis 1:1) During the period of creation, untold millions of galaxies were formed, many containing thousands of millions of stars. Toward the outer edge of one such galaxy was a bright star orbited by a number of relatively small, dark spheres. One of them came to be called the earth. Compared to the great, shining stars, the earth was insignificant. Yet, this was what Jehovah purposed to be his footstool.

2 Jehovah thus turned his creative abilities toward the planet Earth. “The firstborn of all creation” was at his side as a Master Worker while this small, dark mass was changed during the course of six long creative “days.” It became, figuratively, a suitable resting-place for God’s feet. (Colossians 1:15; Exodus 20:11; Proverbs 8:30) Here was where God purposed to place a new form of intelligent life: mankind. The first human pair, created from elements found in the ground, were placed in lovely, paradisaic surroundings. (Genesis 1:26, 27; 2:7, 8) So perfect, so beautiful, was the final result of this outstanding act of creation that the Bible reveals God’s feelings on the morning​—the final part—​of the sixth creative day: “God saw everything he had made and, look! it was very good.”​—Genesis 1:31.

God’s Goodness

3. What outstanding quality of God is revealed in creation?

3 Thousands of years later, a descendant of that first human pair looked back to the time of creation and wrote: “[God’s] invisible qualities are clearly seen from the world’s creation onward, because they are perceived by the things made, even his eternal power and Godship.” (Romans 1:20) Yes, the superb excellence of the earth and of the creatures on it was indeed a marvelous reflection of God’s invisible qualities​—not least of which is God’s abundant goodness. How appropriate, then, that God pronounced that everything he had created was good!​—Psalm 31:19.

4, 5. What is goodness?

4 Goodness is the sixth aspect of the fruitage of God’s spirit described by the apostle Paul at Galatians 5:22. Previous studies in the Watchtower magazine have discussed the first five fruits of the spirit, showing the importance of these in the cultivation of a rounded-out Christian personality.a How vital, though, that we do not forget goodness! Fittingly, we now give our attention to this quality.

5 What is goodness? It is the quality or state of being good. It is moral excellence, virtue. Hence, it is a positive quality that expresses itself in the performance of good and beneficial acts toward others. How can we display this endearing quality? Basically, by imitating Jehovah. Hence, before discussing further how we as individual Christians can manifest goodness, let us examine the goodness that our loving God, Jehovah, has shown in his providing for, and dealing with, the human family.

Goodness Manifested in Creation

6. What prompted Jehovah to create other intelligent forms of life?

6 What prompted our heavenly Father in the first place to share his enjoyment of life with intelligent living creatures? The apostle John answers that question when he says: “God is love.” (1 John 4:8) Yes, unselfish love moved the great Source of life to create other living forms, providing some with a heavenly home and others with an earthly home. Of course, we know little of what heaven or the heavenly creatures are like. They are spirits​—invisible to human eyes—​and their home is in the spirit realm. But look around you at the earthly home that Jehovah provided for his human children. And consider mankind itself. Then you will begin to see with your own eyes powerful evidence of God’s goodness.

7-9. How is God’s goodness seen in the way he created the earth and man upon it?

7 Jehovah gave our first parents life. More than that, he made it possible for life to be highly pleasant, enjoyable. To begin with, he created their home, the earth, with a rotation, a temperature range, and an atmosphere that were just right. He set in motion water, nitrogen, and oxygen cycles that worked perfectly for the benefit and comfort of humans. He carpeted earth’s surface with thousands of types of vegetation, some for man’s food and some that especially delight the eye. He filled the skies with birds that give much pleasure with their colors and their songs. He filled the seas with swarms of fish and the land with many kinds of animals, some wild and some that can be tamed. What prodigious generosity! And what evidence of God’s goodness of heart!​—Psalm 104:24.

8 Look, now, at the way God made man. His arms, legs, and hands are just what are needed to enable him to maintain his balance and move about with ease. Thus, from the materials found so abundantly on the earth around him, he can obtain food and other necessities for himself. Jehovah provided taste buds so that eating and drinking were not just mechanical acts performed to obtain energy​—like connecting an appliance to an electrical outlet today. No, eating and drinking were designed to give enjoyment, as they not only fill the stomach but also excite the sense of taste. Jehovah gave man ears as well and surrounded him with a multitude of sounds to delight those ears. What a pleasure it is to listen to the soothing murmur of a running brook, the cooing of a turtledove, or the chuckling laugh of a baby! Yes, thanks to God’s goodness, in spite of all the bad things that have happened since creation, it is still a joy to be alive.

9 Look, too, at our other senses. How many varying, delightful colors exist to please our eyes! And how satisfying it is to smell the delicate fragrance of a flower! No wonder the psalmist exclaimed to Jehovah: “I shall laud you because in a fear-inspiring way I am wonderfully made. Your works are wonderful”!​—Psalm 139:14.

Mankind’s Fall and Rescue

10. How have most humans responded to God’s goodness, yet how do they continue to benefit from it?

10 Sadly, in time our first parents displayed a lack of appreciation for all of God’s goodness toward them. They showed this when they disobeyed Jehovah’s commands and trespassed against the sole restriction he had imposed. As a result, they and their offspring came to know sorrow, suffering, and death. (Genesis 2:16, 17; 3:16-19; Romans 5:12) Throughout the millenniums that have passed since that act of disobedience, most of mankind has shown indifference toward or lack of appreciation for God’s goodness. In spite of this, though, thankless and unappreciative people still benefit from God’s goodness. In what way? The apostle Paul explained to the inhabitants of Lystra in the Middle East: “[God] did not leave himself without witness in that he did good, giving you rains from heaven and fruitful seasons, filling your hearts to the full with food and good cheer.”​—Acts 14:17.

11. In what way does God’s goodness go further than providing a delightful home for mankind?

11 But God’s goodness has not been limited to continuing to provide the delightful, life-sustaining provisions with which the earth abounds. No, he went further. Jehovah showed himself ready to forgive the sins of Adam’s offspring and to continue to nurture relations with faithful ones among mankind. This aspect of God’s goodness was brought to the attention of Moses when Jehovah promised to cause ‘all his goodness to pass before [Moses’] face.’ Moses then heard the declaration: “Jehovah, Jehovah, a God merciful and gracious, slow to anger and abundant in loving-kindness and truth, preserving loving-kindness for thousands, pardoning error and transgression and sin.”​—Exodus 33:19; 34:6, 7.

12. What provisions of the Mosaic Law showed Jehovah’s goodness?

12 In Moses’ day, Jehovah established a legal system for the new nation of Israel whereby unintentional sinners could obtain a provisional, or symbolic, forgiveness of sin. Through the Law covenant that Moses mediated, the Israelites became God’s special nation and were taught to offer to Jehovah various animal sacrifices that would cover their sins and unclean acts. Thus, despite their imperfect natures, repentant Israelites could continue to approach Jehovah acceptably and know that their worship was pleasing to him. King David, a member of that nation under the Law, expressed his awareness of God’s goodness in this regard: “The sins of my youth and my revolts O do not remember. According to your loving-kindness do you yourself remember me, for the sake of your goodness, O Jehovah.”​—Psalm 25:7.

13. How did Jehovah provide a more effective way than animal sacrifices for forgiveness of sins?

13 In time Jehovah’s goodness moved him to provide a more effective and permanent way to forgive sins. This was by means of the sacrifice of Jesus, who was a descendant of King David. (Matthew 1:6-16; Luke 3:23-31) Jesus did not sin. Hence, when he died, his life given in sacrifice had great value, and God accepted it as a ransom that could cover all of Adam’s sinful offspring. The apostle Paul wrote: “All have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, and it is as a free gift that they are being declared righteous by his undeserved kindness through the release by the ransom paid by Christ Jesus. God set him forth as an offering for propitiation through faith in his blood.”​—Romans 3:23-26.

14. What wonderful hopes are made possible for humans through the ransom sacrifice?

14 Faith in Jesus’ ransom sacrifice accomplishes much for Christians, much more than those animal sacrifices under the Law covenant did for the Israelites. It led to a limited number of Christians being declared righteous and adopted by God’s spirit to become his sons. They thus became Jesus’ brothers and gained the hope of being resurrected as spirit creatures to share with him in his heavenly Kingdom. (Luke 22:29, 30; Romans 8:14-17) Imagine that God would open such heavenly prospects to creatures living on this small planet, the earth! A small group cherishing this hope still remains. But for millions of other Christians, exercise of faith in the ransom opens the way to enjoy what Adam and Eve lost​—eternal life on a paradise, gardenlike earth. The Law covenant alone had been able to supply neither heavenly nor earthly future prospects for its adherents.

15. What is included in the good news?

15 How appropriate that the message about the new arrangements that God set in motion through Jesus Christ is called “good news,” for it reflects God’s goodness. (2 Timothy 1:9, 10) In the Bible, the good news is sometimes called the “good news of the kingdom.” Today it centers on the truth that the Kingdom has been established under the rulership of the resurrected Jesus. (Matthew 24:14; Revelation 11:15; 14:6, 7) Nevertheless, the good news involves more. As indicated by Paul’s words to Timothy just quoted, it includes the knowledge that Jesus offered a ransom sacrifice in our behalf. Without that sacrifice, our relationship with God, our very salvation​—not to mention the Kingdom of Jesus and 144,000 priests and kings taken from the earth—​would not be possible. What a wonderful manifestation of God’s goodness the ransom is!

God’s Goodness Today

16, 17. How was Hosea 3:5 fulfilled (a) in 537 B.C.E.? (b) in 1919 C.E.?

16 Looking forward to “the last days,” the apostle Paul warned: “Men will be . . . without love of goodness.” (2 Timothy 3:1-3) Even normal manifestations of goodness, such as generosity and neighborliness, would not be appreciated. How encouraging, then, is the heartwarming prophecy of Hosea 3:5: “The sons of Israel will come back and certainly look for Jehovah their God, and for David their king; and they will certainly come quivering to Jehovah and to his goodness in the final part of the days.”

17 This prophecy was first fulfilled in 537 B.C.E. when the Jews returned to the Promised Land from exile in Babylon. In modern times, it began its fulfillment in the year 1919 when the remnant of spiritual Israel came out of Satan’s organization and started earnestly looking for Jehovah and his goodness. They found that “David their king” had been reigning in the person of Jesus Christ in heavenly power since 1914. Under his heavenly supervision, they enthusiastically took up the announcing of this good news to the nations. Thus they began to fulfill the commission recorded at Matthew 24:14: “This good news of the [established] kingdom will be preached in all the inhabited earth for a witness to all the nations; and then the end will come.”

18. Who have joined the remnant of spiritual Israel in declaring the good news?

18 Today, the remnant of anointed ones have been joined by the “great crowd,” who similarly hail Jehovah’s goodness. (Revelation 7:9) Now, more than four million echo the voice of the angel seen by the apostle John in vision as they announce to all the nations: “Fear God and give him glory, because the hour of the judgment by him has arrived, and so worship the One who made the heaven and the earth and sea and fountains of waters.”​—Revelation 14:7.

19. Name one of the greatest evidences of God’s goodness.

19 One of the greatest evidences of God’s goodness is that he allows us to be his coworkers in this climactic work. What a privilege to have entrusted to us “the glorious good news of the happy God”! (1 Timothy 1:11) By our preaching and teaching this to others, we are manifesting to a high degree that important fruit of God’s spirit, goodness. Thus, we have the attitude of God’s ancient servant David, who said: “With the mention of the abundance of your goodness they will bubble over, and because of your righteousness they will cry out joyfully.”​—Psalm 145:7.

20. What further information regarding goodness will be discussed in the next article?

20 However, is sharing in the preaching of the good news the only way to manifest goodness in our lives? By no means! We are encouraged to become “imitators of God, as beloved children.” (Ephesians 5:1) God’s goodness is manifested in various ways. Hence, our goodness too should affect many aspects of our lives. Some of these will be considered in the following article.

[Footnotes]

The individual fruits of the spirit are love, joy, peace, long-suffering, kindness, goodness, faith, mildness, and self-control.

Can You Answer?

□ In what way does creation reflect God’s goodness?

□ What arrangements did Jehovah make to forgive the sins of repentant humans?

□ In fulfillment of Hosea 3:5, when did the anointed remnant come to Jehovah and his goodness, and what did this lead to?

□ What is one of the greatest evidences of God’s goodness today?

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Creation gives evidence of God’s abundant goodness

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Our being allowed to share in the preaching work is an outstanding proof of God’s goodness

Producing “Every Sort of Goodness”

Producing “Every Sort of Goodness”

“The fruitage of the light consists of every sort of goodness.”​—EPHESIANS 5:9.

1, 2. What two groups have existed since ancient times, and how different are their situations today?

AFTER the rebellion in Eden, some six thousand years ago, and again after the Flood of Noah’s day, mankind divided into two groups, or organizations, one made up of those who strove to serve Jehovah, the other of those who followed Satan. Do these organizations still exist? Certainly they do! The prophet Isaiah mentioned these two groups and foretold their condition in our time: “Look! darkness itself will cover the earth, and thick gloom the national groups; but upon you Jehovah will shine forth, and upon you his own glory will be seen.”​—Isaiah 60:1, 2.

2 Yes, the difference between these two organizations is as great as that between darkness and light. And just as a beam of light will attract a man lost in the darkness, so light from Jehovah shining in this dark world has attracted millions of righthearted ones to God’s organization. As Isaiah went on to say: “Nations [other sheep] will certainly go to your light, and kings [anointed Kingdom heirs] to the brightness of your shining forth.”​—Isaiah 60:3.

3. In what ways do Christians display the glory of Jehovah?

3 How do Jehovah’s people display the glory of Jehovah? For one thing, they preach the good news of God’s established, heavenly Kingdom. (Mark 13:10) But more than that, they imitate Jehovah, the prime example of goodness, and thus by their conduct attract meek ones to the light. (Ephesians 5:1) Paul said: “You were once darkness, but you are now light in connection with the Lord. Go on walking as children of light.” He continued: “The fruitage of the light consists of every sort of goodness and righteousness and truth. Keep on making sure of what is acceptable to the Lord; and quit sharing with them in the unfruitful works that belong to the darkness.” (Ephesians 5:8-11) What did Paul mean by “every sort of goodness”?

4. What is goodness, and how is it seen in a Christian?

4 As our previous article showed, goodness is the quality or state of moral excellence, virtue. Jesus said that only Jehovah is good in the absolute sense. (Mark 10:18) Nevertheless, a Christian can imitate Jehovah by cultivating goodness as a fruit of the spirit. (Galatians 5:22) Commenting on a·ga·thosʹ, the Greek word for “good,” Vine’s Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words says, “[It] describes that which, being good in its character or constitution, is beneficial in its effect.” A Christian cultivating goodness will therefore both be good and do good. (Compare Deuteronomy 12:28.) He will also avoid things that are opposed to goodness, “the unfruitful works that belong to the darkness.” The different ways that a Christian can manifest goodness in his conduct are the ‘sorts of goodness’ that Paul mentioned. What are some of these?

“Keep Doing Good”

5. What is one sort of goodness, and why should a Christian cultivate it?

5 Paul referred to one of these in his letter to the Romans. Speaking of subjection to “the superior authorities,” he said: “Do you, then, want to have no fear of the authority? Keep doing good, and you will have praise from it.” The “good” he refers to is obedience to the laws and arrangements of secular authorities. Why should a Christian be subject to these? So as to avoid unnecessary conflict with the authorities, thus risking punishment and​—more important—​in order to preserve a clean conscience before God. (Romans 13:1-7) While preserving his primary obedience to Jehovah, a Christian ‘honors the king,’ not rebelling against authorities that Jehovah God allows to exist. (1 Peter 2:13-17) In this way, Christians are good neighbors, good citizens, and good examples.

Considerate of Others

6. (a) What is another aspect of goodness? (b) Who are mentioned in the Bible as deserving of our consideration?

6 Jehovah’s goodness is displayed in his providing for all earth’s inhabitants “rains from heaven and fruitful seasons.” This results in a ‘fullness of food and good cheer’ and shows him to be a truly considerate God. (Acts 14:17) We can imitate him in this respect by showing consideration for others in small and large ways. For whom, specifically? Paul refers in particular to the elders, “those who are working hard among you and presiding over you in the Lord and admonishing you.” He urges Christians to give these “more than extraordinary consideration in love because of their work.” (1 Thessalonians 5:12, 13) How can we do this? By cooperating fully with them​—for example, by sharing in necessary work in the Kingdom Hall. While always feeling free to approach the elders for help when needed, we should not be unreasonably demanding. Rather, in whatever ways we can, we try to lighten the load of these hardworking shepherds, many of whom have family responsibilities in addition to their congregation duties.

7. In what ways can we show consideration for the elderly?

7 The physically old also deserve our consideration. A specific commandment of the Mosaic Law was: “Before gray hair you should rise up, and you must show consideration for the person of an old man, and you must be in fear of your God. I am Jehovah.” (Leviticus 19:32) How can this consideration be shown? Younger ones may wish to volunteer to help them with shopping or with other chores. The elders can considerately check to see if any older ones need help to attend meetings. At assemblies, young, vigorous individuals will avoid jostling slower-moving older ones in an impatient attempt to pass, and they will be patient if an elderly one is a little slow getting seated or getting food.

8. How may we show consideration to another deserving group singled out in the Bible?

8 The psalmist mentions another group needing consideration: “Happy is anyone acting with consideration toward the lowly one.” (Psalm 41:1) It may be easy to be considerate of the prominent or the wealthy, but what of the lowly or the poor? The Bible writer James indicated that showing equal consideration to these is a test of our righteousness and Christian love. May we pass this test by being thoughtful toward all regardless of their circumstances.​—Philippians 2:3, 4; James 2:2-4, 8, 9.

“Continue Becoming Merciful”

9, 10. Why should Christians be merciful, and how can this sort of goodness be shown?

9 A further sort of goodness is seen in some of Jesus’ parables. In one of these, Jesus told of a Samaritan who came across a man who had been robbed, badly beaten, and left lying on the road. A Levite and a priest had walked by the injured man, refusing to help him. But the Samaritan stopped and gave him succor, doing more than may have been reasonably expected. The story is often called the parable of the Good Samaritan. What sort of goodness did the Samaritan manifest? Mercy. When Jesus asked his listener to identify who proved to be the neighbor of the wounded man, the correct answer was given: “The one that acted mercifully toward him.”​—Luke 10:37.

10 Merciful Christians imitate Jehovah, of whom Moses said to the Israelites: “Jehovah your God is a merciful God. He will not desert you or bring you to ruin or forget the covenant of your forefathers that he swore to them.” (Deuteronomy 4:31) Jesus showed how God’s mercy should affect us: “Continue becoming merciful, just as your Father is merciful.” (Luke 6:36) How can we show mercy? As Jesus’ parable indicated, one way is to be ready to help our fellow, even if it involves risk or inconvenience. A good person will not ignore the suffering of his brother if he is in a position to do something about it.​—James 2:15, 16.

11, 12. According to Jesus’ parable of the slaves, what does mercy include, and how can we manifest this today?

11 Another of Jesus’ parables showed that merciful goodness includes a readiness to forgive others. He told of a slave who owed his master ten thousand talents. Unable to pay, the slave begged for mercy, and his master kindly forgave that huge debt of 60,000,000 denarii. But the slave went off and found another slave who owed him only a hundred denarii. The forgiven slave mercilessly threw the debtor into prison until he could pay. Clearly, the merciless slave was not a good man, and when the master heard what had happened, he called him to account.​—Matthew 18:23-35.

12 We are in a situation similar to that of the forgiven slave. On the basis of Jesus’ sacrifice, Jehovah has forgiven a huge debt of sin on our account. Surely, then, we should be ready to forgive others. Jesus said that we should be ready to forgive “up to seventy-seven times,” without limit. (Matthew 5:7; 6:12, 14, 15; 18:21, 22) Hence, a merciful Christian will not carry a grudge. He will not harbor resentment or refuse to talk to a fellow Christian because of bad feelings. Such lack of mercy is not a mark of Christian goodness.

Generous and Hospitable

13. What else does goodness include?

13 Goodness is manifested also by generosity and hospitality. On one occasion a young man came to Jesus for counsel. He said: “Teacher, what good must I do in order to get everlasting life?” Jesus told him that he should observe God’s commandments continually. Yes, obedience to Jehovah’s commands is an aspect of goodness. The young man thought he was already doing this as best he could. Clearly, to his neighbors he already seemed to be a good person, yet he felt he lacked something. So Jesus said: “If you want to be perfect, go sell your belongings and give to the poor and you will have treasure in heaven, and come be my follower.” (Matthew 19:16-22) The young man went away grieved. He was very wealthy. If he had followed Jesus’ counsel, he would have shown that he was not materialistic. And he would have performed a good act of truly selfless generosity.

14. What fine counsel did both Jehovah and Jesus give regarding generosity?

14 Jehovah urged the Israelites to be generous. For example, we read: “You should by all means give to [your poverty-stricken neighbor], and your heart should not be stingy in your giving to him, because on this account Jehovah your God will bless you in every deed of yours and in every undertaking of yours.” (Deuteronomy 15:10; Proverbs 11:25) Jesus Christ personally urged generosity: “Practice giving, and people will give to you. They will pour into your laps a fine measure, pressed down, shaken together and overflowing.” (Luke 6:38) Moreover, Jesus was personally very generous. On one occasion, he had set aside time to rest a little. Crowds found out where he was and came to him. Jesus generously forgot about resting and expended himself in behalf of the crowd. Later, he showed outstanding hospitality in providing food for that large crowd.​—Mark 6:30-44.

15. How did Jesus’ disciples set an excellent example in displaying generosity?

15 Faithful to the counsel of Jehovah and of Jesus, many of Jesus’ disciples were notably generous and hospitable. In the first days of the Christian congregation, a large number of those who had come to celebrate Pentecost in 33 C.E. heard the preaching of the apostles and became believers. Staying on after the feast in order to learn more, they ran low on provisions. Therefore, local believers sold their property and contributed the money to sustain their new brothers so that these could become better established in the faith. What generosity!​—Acts 4:32-35; see also Acts 16:15; Romans 15:26.

16. Name some of the ways that we today can be hospitable and generous.

16 Today, a similar Christlike generosity is seen when Christians contribute time and money to their local congregations and to the worldwide preaching work. It is evidenced when they come to the relief of brothers suffering from natural disaster or war. It is manifested when the circuit overseer is cared for during his regular visit. Or when “fatherless boys” (and fatherless girls) are generously invited to share in recreation and family Bible studies with other Christian families, this too is hospitality, a manifestation of Christian goodness.​—Psalm 68:5.

Telling the Truth

17. Why is truthfulness a challenge today?

17 When Paul described the fruitage of the light, he linked goodness with righteousness and truth, and it would be correct to say that truthfulness is another sort of goodness. Good people do not tell lies. Nevertheless, telling the truth is a special challenge today when lying is so prevalent. Many individuals lie when they fill out their tax returns. Employees lie about the work they do. Students lyingly cheat in their lessons and exams. Businessmen lie when setting up deals. Children lie to escape punishment. Malicious gossipers lyingly ruin the reputations of others.

18. How does Jehovah view liars?

18 Lying is repugnant to Jehovah. Among the ‘seven things’ that he hates are “a false tongue” and “a false witness that launches forth lies.” (Proverbs 6:16-19) “All the liars” are listed among the cowards, the murderers, and the fornicators, who will have no place in God’s new world. (Revelation 21:8) Further, the proverb tells us: “The one walking in his uprightness is fearing Jehovah, but the one crooked in his ways is despising Him.” (Proverbs 14:2) A liar is crooked in his ways. Hence, a liar gives evidence of despising Jehovah. What a terrible thought! Let us always tell the truth, even if it leads to our being disciplined or losing out financially. (Proverbs 16:6; Ephesians 4:25) Those who tell the truth imitate Jehovah, “the God of truth.”​—Psalm 31:5.

Cultivate Goodness

19. What is sometimes seen in the world, reflecting credit on the Creator?

19 These are just a few of the ‘sorts’ of goodness that a Christian should cultivate. It is true that people in the world manifest goodness to a degree. Some are hospitable, for example, and others are merciful. Indeed, what made the parable of the Good Samaritan so remarkable was that Jesus told of a non-Jew who showed mercy when elders in the Jewish congregation did not. It is indeed a tribute to man’s Creator that such traits still appear naturally in some humans even after six thousand years of imperfection.

20, 21. (a) Why is Christian goodness different from any goodness we may see in people of the world? (b) How can a Christian cultivate goodness, and why should we be diligent to do so?

20 Nevertheless, for Christians goodness is more than just a quality that they might or might not possess. It is a quality they must cultivate in all its aspects, since they have to be imitators of God. How is this possible? The Bible tells us that we can learn goodness. “Teach me goodness,” the psalmist prayed to God. How? He continued: “For in your commandments I have exercised faith.” He added: “You are good and are doing good. Teach me your regulations.”​—Psalm 119:66, 68.

21 Yes, if we learn Jehovah’s commandments and obey them, we will cultivate goodness. Always remember that goodness is a fruit of the spirit. If we seek Jehovah’s spirit through prayer, association, and Bible study, then we will surely be helped to cultivate this quality. Moreover, goodness is powerful. It can even conquer evil. (Romans 12:21) How vital it is, then, that we do good to all, especially to our Christian brothers. (Galatians 6:10) If we do so, we will be among those who enjoy the “glory and honor and peace” that is promised for “everyone who works what is good.”​—Romans 2:6-11.

Can You Answer?

□ How can we keep doing good with respect to the superior authorities?

□ Who, among others, are deserving of our consideration?

□ In what ways does mercy manifest itself?

□ What acts of generosity and hospitality mark Christians today?

□ How can goodness be cultivated?

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Consideration for others is an aspect of goodness

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As the Great Teacher, Jesus gave generously of himself

Jehovah—“A Manly Person of War”

Jehovah​—“A Manly Person of War”

THE elite forces of the Egyptian army had been obliterated. Along the Red Sea, bodies of charioteers and cavalrymen were being tossed by the surf, and military equipment littered the shore. Led by Moses, the men of Israel exulted in a victory song: “Let me sing to Jehovah, for he has become highly exalted. The horse and its rider he has pitched into the sea. Jehovah is a manly person of war. Jehovah is his name.”​—Exodus 15:1, 3.

Jehovah’s victory at the Red Sea was indeed a demonstration of his superiority in warfare. Israel had left Egypt in battle formation but with little fighting capability. By a pillar of cloud that became a pillar of fire by night, Jehovah had led them from Rameses to “the edge of the wilderness” at Etham. (Exodus 12:37; 13:18, 20-22) Then Jehovah said to Moses: “Speak to the sons of Israel, that they should turn back and encamp before Pihahiroth between Migdol and the sea in view of Baal-zephon. . . . Then Pharaoh will certainly say respecting the sons of Israel, ‘They are wandering in confusion in the land.’ . . . And he will certainly chase after them.” (Exodus 14:1-4) Obediently, Israel did an about-face and trekked to Pihahiroth. Pharaoh’s spies reported the seeming confusion, and as foretold, Pharaoh mobilized his army for pursuit.​—Exodus 14:5-9.

A Trap​—For Israel or for Pharaoh?

Hemmed in by mountains on either side, the sea in front, and the Egyptians behind, the frightened Israelites appeared trapped, so they called out to God for help. Rallying the people, Moses said: “Do not be afraid. Stand firm and see the salvation of Jehovah, which he will perform for you today. For the Egyptians whom you do see today you will not see again, no, never again. Jehovah will himself fight for you, and you yourselves will be silent.” (Exodus 14:10-14) True to that promise, “the pillar of cloud departed from their van and stood in the rear of them. So it came in between the camp of the Egyptians and the camp of Israel. . . . And this group did not come near that group all night long.”​—Exodus 14:15-20.

As Jehovah directed, Moses lifted up his rod over the sea and “split it apart” that the Israelites might escape. And an astonishing miracle took place! (Exodus 14:16, 21) A powerful wind from the east began splitting the waters of the Red Sea, forming a channel wide enough for the entire nation​—some three million strong—​to pass through in battle formation. To the left and to the right of the Israelite column, the “congealed” water stood like two huge walls.​—Exodus 15:8.

The Israelites, aided by the light from the pillar of fire, escaped over the wind-dried seabed. By morning, the last of the Israelites had emerged on the opposite shore. “And the Egyptians took up the pursuit, and all the horses of Pharaoh, his war chariots and his cavalrymen began going in after them, into the midst of the sea.” The pursuers had rushed into a trap!​—Exodus 14:23.

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