The Watchtower, January 1, 1890

VOL. XI. ALLEGHENY, PA., JANUARY, 1890. NO. 2.

Zion's Watch Tower

AND

HERALD OF CHRIST'S PRESENCE.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

TOWER PUBLISHING COMPANY.

"BIBLE HOUSE:" Arch Street, Allegheny, Pa., U.S.A. C. T. RUSSELL, EDITOR.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

DOMESTIC,--Fifty cents a year in advance, by Draft, P.O. Money Order, or Registered letter.

FOREIGN,--Two shillings per year. Remit by Foreign Postal Money Order.

TO POOR SAINTS.

This paper will be sent free to the interested of the Lord's poor, who will send a card yearly requesting it. "Ho, every one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters; and he that hath no money, come ye, buy and eat--yea, come, buy wine and milk without money and without price." And you who have it--"Wherefore do you spend money for that which is not bread? and your labor for that which satisfieth not? Hearken diligently--and eat ye that which is good, and let your soul delight itself in fatness."--`ISAIAH 55:1,2`.

Entered as SECOND CLASS MAIL MATTER, at the Post Office, Allegheny, Pa.

ORDER as many sample copies of this issue of the TOWER as you desire and will use judiciously, or send us the addresses of such as you hope would be interested through it.

ANY ONE, who is a subscriber to the Old Theology Quarterly Tracts, is welcome to send in addresses for sample copies of any one of the tracts he considers the most suitable for his friends. Send as many addresses as you please. Write them upon a separate piece of paper from that of your letter.

REMOVAL TO BETTER QUARTERS.

The increase of the work makes necessary a removal of our office to more commodious and better lighted quarters at the address given above. We praise the Lord for the increased opportunities for usefulness in his service, which this change seems to imply. Unite with us in rendering thanks, and in the prayer that from the new building

"The light--the radiance from the cross,

The depth of love revealing,"

may shine more and more until perfect day;

and that "Still new beauties we may see

And still increasing light."

NO TOWER FOR DECEMBER, 1889.

In view of our removal, and in view also of our need of our type in preparing MILLENNIAL DAWN, Vol. III., we concluded to omit a TOWER issue for December 15th and to send this January issue a little earlier than the middle of the month, so as not to keep our readers too long in suspense. Instead of the December TOWER we sent to all readers samples of the "OLD THEOLOGY"--a tract-pamphlet issued quarterly at the small sum of 5 cents per year. Subscriptions for Old Theology may be sent in with your TOWER subscriptions. See terms for quantities, etc., on second page of sample tract No. 4. In ordering please state whether you wish your subscription to date back to the beginning, or to start with January 1890.

YOU CAN ASSIST IN THIS.

We want to know, at once, how many postoffice boxes there are in every postoffice in the United States and Canada. How many are there in your post office? With what number do they begin and with what number do they stop? Also, if possible, we would like to know how many are vacant and for rent, and what their numbers are. How many of our readers will serve us and the cause to this extent? It will cost you only a postal card and a little time. Or, if you are sending in your subscription for the TOWER, you can enclose the memoranda on a separate slip of paper.

Each one who thus serves (if not already on the list) will be entered as a subscriber for Old Theology Tracts for 1890 FREE.

GREETINGS FOR THE NEW YEAR.

Beloved readers, it is with hearts full of thankfulness that we acknowledge the divine favors of the year just closed. The `Twenty-Third Psalm` voices our sentiments. The Lord has graciously continued his gentle leading of his sheep beside still waters and into the fresh green pastures of his truth. Our table he has supplied with viands of grace and knowledge, bountifully, even in the presence of our enemies, who sometimes have been those near and dear to us--enemies to the truth because of the blinding of the great adversary, Satan. And we know from your precious letters received during the year that this, our experience, has been yours.

Now, in the dawn of a new year, we feel that we can apply to ourselves and to all God's consecrated ones the words of the `last verse of this Psalm`: "Surely goodness and mercy shall attend me all the days of my life; and I shall dwell forever in the house of the Lord." Let us, beloved, not only appreciate the bounties of our "table," but more and more feed upon the precious truth; and let us seek more and more to make use of the strength this food imparts, laboring in Christ's service, that we may become more and more "strong in the Lord and in the power of his might."

CONSIDER THIS CAREFULLY.

One of the most important questions with some who will receive this number of the TOWER is, whether or not they will receive the succeeding issues. To many it may be said to be the only channel of communication between them and the remainder of the household of faith; to very many it is the only channel through which the voice of the Chief Shepherd is heard. And yet, because not urged to subscribe, or because they neglect or put off attending to the matter, many every year are dropped from our lists; and often, may be a year or two after, write us that they are lean of soul and starved for lack of the food it bears from the Master to his friends and household each month. We are most firmly convinced that the TOWER is and has been a chosen vessel in the Lord's hands for dispensing "meat in due season," and we pray and labor that it may so continue to be used. For these reasons, and

FOR THE FIRST TIME,

we urge all to renew their subscriptions. We need scarcely tell you that we do not urge for the money's sake. Most of you know that such a paper as ours at 50 cents per year, without income from advertisements, could not pay its way and pay for editorial and office labor, postage, etc. But we never have accepted and hope never to need to accept money for our services; they are grateful, loving offerings to the Lord, and to his church which represents him. (`Col. 1:24`.) The truth already has done so much for us that we are paid, exceeding abundantly, more than we could ask or expect, in advance, for all the service we are able to render. And besides,

we are as greatly blessed each month as any of you, as the message flows from our pen to you, and as from your letters we learn of the rich blessings that the water of life and love, the truth, brings to your hearts continually. Indeed, so greatly are our hearts blessed by the preparing of the food for the household that we should be greatly disappointed were the privilege of the service, or even the privilege of doing it gratis, taken from us to be given to some one more worthy the great honor and privilege of being a "servant of all."

We explain the matter thus, fully, that you may rightly appreciate our motives in asking you to attend to the matter at once if you have any interest in the truths which the TOWER presents, that your interest may, by the watering of the Lord through our "broken vessel," increase greatly, to his praise and your profit and to our joy in you, through the Redeemer.

Our desire would be that the WATCH TOWER subscription lists should contain

THE NAMES OF ALL INTERESTED IN PRESENT TRUTH.

We desire this for their good, and for their present and everlasting joy, and not from any selfish motive; and to bring about this desired result we have arranged

1st. The very low price of the paper-- 50 cents per year,--less than one cent a week and less than one-seventh of a cent per day; so that but slight sacrifice, if any, will be required to be made to obtain it by any who have any money whatever at their command.

2nd. We have provided that the cloth-bound one dollar edition of DAWN may be had by subscribers at half price; or, to reverse this proposition, We will give the TOWER one year gratis to any who purchase the cloth DAWN at one dollar. And to introduce the TOWER we shall probably sell future volumes of DAWN only upon these terms.

3d. We have provided--See Terms on first column--that any and all of God's children who by reason of age, or sickness, or accident, or by reason of inability to get employment, or who for any other reason are unable to pay the cost of the paper, may have it free, if they will write at the beginning of each year and state their desire for the paper, but their present inability to pay its cost--a postal card will do. But the card or letter must be from the person desiring the TOWER on these terms.

We want to hear from every one of you at least once a year. It does you good to write to us, and it does us good to hear from you and to judge of your growth in grace, knowledge and love of the Truth. But you must not expect us to answer personally all your good letters. Accept, please, of the articles of the monthly TOWERS as our letters to you, and let your letters be your answers back to us--at least one letter each year, to let us know that our preaching is not in vain in your case.

But let none suppose that all need to be urged to write us of their joy and love and growth, or to renew their subscriptions. Ah! no, thank God! Had it been so we, doubtless, should have become discouraged long ago. We receive every year thousands of letters which we prize more, far, than money or worldly honors; and more than any thing else except the blessings of the Master himself. Some of these from time to time we insert in the TOWER for your general joy, but some of the most precious are laid away carefully at home as precious mementos.

Beloved, let us hear from you--at once!

OLD THEOLOGY TRACTS, ETC.

We have not the time to give you the particulars of this branch of the work, or of the Tract Fund work, as we should like to do at the beginning of the new year. We have no high-salaried officers whose sole work it is to keep accounts and make reports. We, on the contrary, are going ahead doing with our might (with the resources at our command) what our hands find to do, (and that is a large work, we assure you, and we cannot nearly do it all,) and we leave to the Lord the bookkeeping, accounting and full reporting. Our Accountant is an all-wise and infallible one. He sees and notes the efforts made by every one of you in his service-- the service of the truth. By and by-- it will not be very long--he shall render his account of our several stewardships, when he shall render to every man according as his work shall be; for every man's works show his faith and his love, according to his ability. And where there is a will to serve the Lord, there is always some way of showing it.

Briefly, we may say that while we have been somewhat disappointed that so many readers have failed to appreciate and use the Old Theology Quarterly as a method of service, yet a few others have more than made up for this, and have quite exceeded our hopes in their zeal and service --some subscribing for and using as many as three thousand copies of the tracts each quarter. A hasty examination shows that (stating it in the usual manner of stating tract circulation,) over five millions of pages of Old Theology Tracts went out of our office into general circulation during the past year. And from present indications we would not be surprised if the year 1890 would more than double the output of 1889, large as that has been.

WHERE DOES THE MONEY COME FROM?

This we know is a question often asked among our friends and enemies. Our terms on DAWNS, tracts, etc., to our readers and to colporteurs, made very public, convince all that we are not selling the truth for gain; and as the work keeps on and on, the wonder increases. Strangers surmise that many wealthy folks are interested in the work; but those intimately acquainted know better, that the Apostle's prediction is fully verified,--that among the interested are not many rich, not many great, not many whom the world esteems wise, but chiefly the poor of this world.--See `1 Cor. 1:26-29` and `James 2:5`.

We can only answer: The work is the Lord's and the workers are his, wherever they may be laboring in the harvest field. He is caring for and providing for his own work. As for ourselves, we do not live out of the work, nor accept any monetary compensation for our service for the Master and his cause, that our time and effort may be an offering of sweet savor unto the Lord, acceptable to him through Christ Jesus, our Redeemer. We mention this, not as a reproof to any whom God has differently situated, but that the friends may know how this part of the Lord's harvest work is conducted.

While our personal accounts and affairs are kept separate from those of the general work--"The Tract Fund"--yet we thank God that we have nothing of our own; that we left all to follow him; that having given ourselves entirely to him, we were enabled to realize that, if we are wholly his, all that we have and are is his also. Hence, though our personal accounts are kept separate and distinct from the general Tract Fund account, yet both are governed and used under the same general principles, of which care and economy are parts, coupled, we trust, with heaven-directed judgment as to how best and most to reach and bless and set free the true sheep, by so dispensing the harvest message as to lead them out of error's bondage and sectarian slavery into the liberty of the truth, and to let all who have an ear hear the voice of the great Shepherd.

Some have said to us (and many have written the same in substance): "If you ever get short and need a little help, be sure to call on me, and I shall be glad to assist." We thank all such, and realize their good intentions and appreciate them, but we never have asked and never will ask money for the Lord's cause. The nearest we ever came to asking money from any convinced us that such a course is wholly contrary to the Lord's will. That instance was in 1881, when over a million copies of "Food for Thinking Christians" were published and circulated. We then remembered a Brother, who was well-to-do, and who had repeatedly shown a deep interest in the cause, and who had said to us, "Brother R__________, whenever you see something good, something specially calculated to spread the light and needing money, something in which you intend to invest, let me know of it--count me in on all such enterprises;" and we merely laid the matter before him, explaining the plan and the amount of money that could be used, without making any direct request. The Brother gave liberally, yet apparently the offering brought him only a partial blessing. And, perhaps from fear that we would call further opportunities to his notice, and from a lack of full appreciation of our motives in the matter or of the light in which we regarded it (as a favor toward him to let him know of the opportunity), that Brother has gone backward and lost much of his former interest. How much the above circumstance had to do with his decline of interest we know not, but it doubly strengthened and guarded us on a point

on which we were already well settled, namely, that no direct and personal appeals should be made to any in our Lord's name. All the gold and silver is his. He neither begged nor commissioned any to beg for him.

As he increases the supply of the means, we will sow the seed of truth the more bountifully and liberally, and yet economically and judiciously as we know how; and if he withholds the funds, we will still be thankful and seek to make what is supplied go as far as possible, by practicing the more rigid economy; and if the supplies stop entirely, instead of asking man or even asking the Lord for more, we shall be content to stop the work entirely, believing that such a course would thus be indicated to be the Lord's will.

Ah! it is a great mistake, dear friends, to hold on to a money-talent, or any other talent of which we may be possessed, and to say, When I see that my talents are needed, when I see that the Lord's work has been crippled and interrupted for lack of what I have,--then I will give and give liberally, if need be to the last dollar or the last breath. Such a love of the Lord, though far better than many have, is not of the sort our Master will accept and honor as worthy to be of his Bride. Such a spirit analyzed means, I am selfish, I love my plans and schemes in which I find use for every dollar. I do not appreciate the privilege of self-denial, but if God should speak from heaven and demand all, I would promptly give all, or if I found God's plan likely to fail utterly for the lack of what I could give, if it took the last dollar, I would rescue the Lord and his cause from failure.

The proper course is, to realize that God is abundantly able to carry out all his plans without our aid at all; and that instead of our gifts of time and energy and money being necessary to help God along, he is favoring us amazingly, by granting us the privilege of co-working with him in using what little we may have. This is a privilege which all may enjoy. The poor widow and the poor laborer of ever so small income, as well as the more highly favored in this world's goods, should appreciate the privilege of bringing some present to the Lord--something that will testify their love, and show what is in their hearts to do, were they possessed of larger talents and opportunities. The two mites or two cents of the poor widow may cost as great self-denial as ten dollars would cost a mechanic or merchant, or as a thousand dollars would cost a wealthy man, or as a hundred thousand dollars would cost a millionaire. One may deny himself a yacht or a new residence, another may deny himself an extra carriage, or a trip to Europe, another may deny himself an extra suit of clothes or a usual "summer outing," and the widow may deny herself an extra table relish. It is self-denial in either case, and when done for the cause of our Redeemer, it is appreciated by him, not according to the amount but according to the self-denial, which gauges the love as truly in one case as in the other.

Could each one fully realize his present privileges, the conduct of each would declare--

"All for Jesus, all for Jesus,

All my being's ransomed powers,

All my thoughts and words and doings,

All my days, and all my hours."

The consecrated condition voiced by the Apostle is, "For me to live is Christ:" and wherever that sentiment is even partially shared by God's people to-day, there is such a desire to tell of his mighty love, that time, talent, voice, purse and every other thing are valued specially because they enable the adorer to show forth the glories of the Adored One who hath called us out of darkness into his marvelous light.

To such, the one-tenth of all increase, which the Law commanded the Jew to consecrate, and which some Christians observe, would seem an offering far too small to satisfy the demands of their love-inspired zeal. Such must and will do more--not of constraint or command, but to testify to the Redeemer their love and devotion. These will take pleasure in cutting short the time previously spent in the reading of light literature and daily news; they will be less careful and less energetic in pushing business so as to lay up treasure on earth for their children or others to quarrel over and be injured by; they will spend less time in foolishly endeavoring to shine on earth by "putting on style," in dress and home and road equipage. And they will not only thus save moments and hours, and dimes and dollars; but they will use them also, which some forget to do who are adepts at saving.

How shall we spend our savings of time and money? becomes an important question. We answer, if you and all that you have are the Lord's, you are God's steward in this matter, and must consult his will and not your own nor another's will. In other words, you must act up to your own conscience and light in this matter, no matter who or how many offer you advice. You will be advised and urged to give time, influence and money to support great Babylon in some or in many forms--as to assist in employing a worldly, unbelieving choir to displease God by praising and chanting with their lips while their hearts are far from him. ("Unto the wicked God saith, What hast thou to do to declare my statutes, or that thou shouldst take my covenant in thy mouth? seeing that thou hatest instruction and casteth my words behind thee."--`Psalm 50:16,17`.) Or perhaps you will be asked to contribute toward the support of a minister who, either ignorantly or stupidly or for money, devotes his time to misrepresenting the character and plan of our God, and thus blinding the very eyes that he should be opening with the eyesalve of truth. Or perhaps you will be urged to give money to assist the Foreign Missions in carrying the bad tidings abroad, or to help Home Missions to teach the Indians of the West and the Negroes of the South, directly or indirectly, the very errors from which, thank God, you have gotten free through the truth--to help put upon others the chains of error from which you have just gained freedom.

Can you spend either time or money in those channels, conscientiously believing that thus spent it will most glorify God? If you have come to a knowledge of the truth, you certainly can do nothing of the sort. Better far to waste the time, and waste or destroy the money, than to use it thus to fetter others with error and to dishonor our God.

If your giving and sacrificing are from the right motives, you will need to be just as conscientious as to how you spend your time, influence and means for God and truth, as you are to economize and save these from self and worldly things. The world and the devil are continually begging. Beware of those who beg in Christ's name. Be suspicious of them. Scrutinize their objects closely. God never begs. The most he ever asks you for is your heart--"My son, give me thy heart." When our hearts are fully his, we begin to urge him more and more to accept our little offerings. And as we become anxious to serve him and intelligently seek how we may best do so, he graciously gives us the privilege by letting us see where and how we may co-work with him in the spread of present truth.

THE NEW YEAR.

"Gone with our yesterdays; folded apart,

Laid by with the treasures we hide in the heart,

The year that hath left us, so silently shod,

Has carried its records of earth unto God.

How strange was its mingling of bitter and sweet,

Its trials how heavy, its pleasures how fleet;

How often its mercies surprised us, unsought;

How frequent the gifts to our hands, which it

brought;

Alas! that we shadowed its glory with sin,

Nor battled its beautiful trophies to win;

And thanks unto Him, who gave pardon and rest,

And wrought for His children whatever was best.

"Cometh in winter the year that is new.

Snow-fall, and frost-rime, and star-beam, and dew,

Shine of the daisies, and blush of the clover,

Rose cup and lily for bees to hang over,

Stir of the wind in the waves of the wheat,

Smile of the violet low at our feet,

Fruitage of orchard, and cluster of vine,

Seed-time and harvest, O man! will be thine,

Once more in this year; for what hath been,

shall be,

While the rivers of time seek eternity's sea.

"So, a Happy New Year, to the babe and the

mother,

To gentle wee sister, and rosy cheeked brother.

A Happy New Year to the aged, who wait

Till the Lord opens wide the Paradise gate.

A Happy New Year unto those who have learned

How rich are the guerdons which labor has earned.

And a Happy New Year to the weary, who cling

Through sorrow and pain, to the cross of the

King.

"Far down thy fair vista, blithe New Year, we see

The sun gleam of the beautiful Sabbath to be;

From far o'er the billows we hear the glad swells

Amid people in darkness, of church-going bells.

God speed the full time when idols shall fall,

And the banner of Jesus wave white over all;

When the nations shall walk in the light of the

Lord,

And Eden's lost verdure to earth be restored.

"Dear Christ, by Thy passion, Thy grace and Thy

power,

Assist us, uplift us, in each clouded hour,

And still by denial, bestowal, delay,

Whatever is needful, oh, give us, we pray!

The year that is far above rubies shall be

The year of our lives that is closest to Thee.

And precious and sacred our changes shall grow,

If heaven-light o'er them in tenderness glow.

Let the burdens of woe, and the conflicts of care,

Alike be relieved by the breathings of prayer;

And happy, or only resigned, let us raise

Each morning and evening the songs of our

praise." --Selected.

THE NEW COVENANT.

IT IS FOR GOD'S FRIENDS.

God's law is that righteous arrangement which God's unerring wisdom has established for regulating the affairs of his creatures for their good and his pleasure. God's will is his law, which is as unchangeable as he is all-wise and unchangeable. God's law is, therefore, the only covenant or agreement he ever makes with his creatures. When man was created and placed under favorable conditions in Eden, OBEDIENCE (fullest acquiescence with the perfect will of his Creator) was made the condition of his continued enjoyment of life and all its attendant favors and blessings. This was not a covenant but a condition, because a covenant signifies a contract or agreement between two parties, and we know that Adam could not have been consulted about his own creation or asked to agree to any covenant regarding the continuance of his existence. While it would have been neither kind nor just to have so created Adam that life would have been an injury and a burden, or to have brought him into conditions wherein an eternity of misery might have been risked, it was both kind and just for God to do what he did do, viz., to create him perfect in the midst of Eden's perfections and to give him the privilege of perpetual life and blessing under his Creator's favor upon condition of his full and hearty obedience to his benefactor's wise, just, loving and necessary laws, plans and regulations. Otherwise his communion and fellowship with God, his pleasures in Eden and even life itself, were to be withdrawn from him, as one unworthy of them. And his as yet unborn race, in his loins and represented by him, were involved in that penalty with him, when he knowingly and willingly violated the condition of life.

Since God and his law and regulations, which represent his character, are unchangeable, a careful scrutiny and study of this first transaction between God and man reveals clearly the fact that as God did not prepare Eden and its favors for his enemies, nor even for one who without enmity would refuse or neglect to comply with his perfect, righteous laws, so he need not be expected, either, to prepare the earth as the Paradise of God and to redeem and restore and grant everlasting life to any who, when fully informed, would have a disposition to oppose him or to infract or evade the least of his wise, benevolent and just laws and regulations. In a word, whatever favors God ever has, or shall extend are for his loyal friends; and none of them are for his enemies.

But, while thus clearly noting that the enemies of God are the enemies of his righteous laws and regulations and the friends of God are those who do whatsoever he commands (`John 15:14`); and while noticing also that his desire toward his friends is that they may have everlasting life in the enjoyment of his fellowship and favor, and his determination and decree toward his enemies is that they shall be cut off from life and from all his favors as mere cumberers of the ground; let us not make the too common mistake of supposing that the friends of righteousness-- friends of God--can all be easily recognized now. By no means; under the present reign of Sin and evil the service of Sin brings at least a transient reward of pleasure or gratification, while the service of Truth and Righteousness brings at least a transient pain or reproach. Doubtless many now serve Sin because of its present gratification of inherited weaknesses, who really detest it and would rejoice in righteousness, if they were as favorably circumstanced as Adam was. Such, therefore, are not really the enemies of righteousness and of God.

Many now stand with the open wilful enemies of righteousness and sit in the seat of the scornful, because of ignorance of God's plan and character; because blinded by Satan (`2 Cor. 4:4`; `Psa. 1:1`);

and because their ideas of right and wrong are badly warped and twisted, through various false doctrines and theories. We might not always be able to tell which of our fellow-men are friends of righteousness and unwilling sinners, and which the willing ones--which under favorable circumstances would prove to be friends of righteousness, friends of God, and which would prove to be enemies of righteousness, enemies of God. But God, who reads the thoughts and intents of the heart, knoweth well. Yea, he foreknew that there would be such, before he created Adam; and in his wonderful plan, arranged before the foundation of the world, the Lamb slain had a place, and was his provision,--not for those whom he foresaw would, under full light and opportunity, be wilful sinners, enemies of himself and his righteous government, but for those whom he foresaw would, when they would have full opportunity, become his friends, because at heart always willing and preferring righteousness rather than sin. It was for such ultimate "friends" that God provided the sacrifice of his Son, the redemption which is in Christ Jesus, and not for those who shall ultimately prove themselves enemies.

All mankind are enemies or opposers of God and righteousness, so far as their imperfect conduct or works are concerned, though all are not such at heart. Thus Christ died only for his friends (those at heart the friends of righteousness) while in fact those friends were all, more or less, opposing righteousness (unintentional enemies) by reason of the weaknesses and imperfections of their fallen state. Thus seen, two texts seemingly contradictory are in perfect accord: "While we were yet enemies we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son," and "Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends--ye are my friends"--whoever will render heart-obedience to God's perfect, righteous law.-- `Rom. 5:10`; `John 15:13`.

MAN'S FREE WILL.

Returning to Adam and his family, outcasts from Eden and from all that it represented of divine favor and communion and the conditionally-promised life everlasting, let us study for a moment their mental attitudes toward God. Were they friends or enemies?

Legally they were all enemies--violators of God's just and good laws, condemned to death therefor by their good and just Creator. But if their wills, their hearts, be examined to see whether they were still wilfully and maliciously opposed to God and righteousness, determinedly wilful opposers, as Satan for instance, we find some of each sort--some who would rejoice in iniquity and feel and act maliciously toward the right, and others who would fain be back again in full fellowship and communion with God, desiring and delighting to do his will and sorrowful for the past.

Everything connected with the narrative in `Genesis` tends to show that both Adam and Eve were deeply penitent and looked longingly to the Lord for the reconciliation and restoration to his favor hinted at in the statement that the seed of the woman should bruise the serpent's head-- crush evil. Seemingly this hope was associated with the birth of each of Eve's sons. Their names seem to indicate this. The name of her first-born son, Cain, in the Hebrew much resembles in meaning the word Eureka--"I have found it"-- or I have got the expected one. Abel, the name of the second son, indicates doubt or uncertainty; Cain in the meantime, no doubt, having manifested the evil disposition, afterward so clearly marked in his history. The godly character of Abel seems to have revived her hope, that of her offspring one should arise who would somehow vanquish Satan and evil, and bring back the fellowship and blessing of God; consequently when her third son was born Eve named him Instead (i.e., Seth), for she said, "God hath appointed me another seed INSTEAD of Abel whom Cain slew." (`Gen. 4:25`.) And, indeed, the hope that she might be the mother of the long promised "seed of the woman" seems to have filled the heart of Eve's daughters through the line of the family of godly Seth, all the way down to and including Mary, our Lord's mother.--`Luke 1:41-55`.

In Adam and Eve and their first three sons we have a clearly marked showing of the human will, and the fact that God does not give us our wills but that each individual is accountable for his own will; while God only influences our wills to the extent of setting before us certain information, upon which each one's will must decide or act for himself. (Thus God works or operates in us, the church, who have already willed to serve and obey him, by continued unfoldings of his Word and plan, so that we, already right-willed, may continue to will and continue to do his good pleasure, more and more. --`Phil. 2:13`.) As increasing light shows the propriety of increasing zeal and sacrifice, it also shows with increasing clearness the grandeur of the things which God hath in reservation for them that love him--his "friends, who do whatsoever he commands." We need not question God's power; we know that he could have created man without a will; but he did not do so; he created him in this as well as in some other respects in his own likeness or image--with ability to will for himself. And we have never found a member of the human family fallen so low that he had no will of his own--except idiots, who are clearly not accountable. Even those who are fallen so low that they seem to have no power to control their conduct by their wills, still have the will. "To will is present with me, but how to perform I find not," not only represented the Jew's condition but that of all fallen men. A thief may have the organ of acquisitiveness large and the organ of conscientiousness small and may therefore by reason of this mental unbalance have a predisposition to steal. Yet he has, at least, some conception of the wrong he commits, and he steals with a certain amount of wilfulness or unwillingness. A will in the matter he must have, even though it be so weak (because unsupported by good elements of organization and because opposed by bad elements of organization) that he cannot carry out his will but is continually falling into sins which, when out of the heat of temptation, he may mourn over. Hence, we repeat, there is in every man a will.

That God delights in the freedom of will in all his creatures is evident, also, from the fact that he has given this faculty to them all, even to the very smallest insects. Go to the ant--consider her ways, and see how much will power she evidences. Take a drop of water and examine with a microscope its living creatures; that even they have wills of their own, must be apparent to all. Much more man, made to be God's representative in the earth, and its king,--man has a will, and to it God appeals; and in harmony with its laws and liberties, which he gave it, God and his laws always operate.

While Adam and Eve and their second son Abel, and their third son Seth, developed wills which desired righteousness and reconciliation with God, Cain, their first-born son, developed a will opposed to righteousness; proud and self-willed, he had no desire to submit his will to God's will, and did not aspire to the reconciliation promised to be provided; he, no doubt, regretted the loss of Eden and would have liked to be restored to it, but not upon God's conditions of absolute obedience to God's righteous will and arrangements. He would have loved the reward of obedience and righteousness, but was unwilling to accept the terms; he did not will to be God's friend upon the only conditions God offered, or ever will offer, his friendship and communion. He consequently opened his heart to unbounded ambition and selfishness which brought in envy, hatred and malice, and led him to murder his brother Abel, because his life and his offering, submitted more fully to the will of God, were more acceptable to God than his own. Not

having submitted his own will to God's will and righteous plan, Cain hated his brother, and from envy deliberately planned and executed his murder.

It cannot be claimed that Cain's will was weakened and depraved by heredity, for he was Adam's first-born. He had plenty of will-power, as much as his brother Abel, but he misdirected his will. He willingly copied Satan, while Abel was copying God. Yielding himself to evil, he allowed an evil or sinful will to be begotten in him and then nursed it into a murderous, devilish will or disposition, hating good and loving and doing evil. And so, as those who pattern and conform their wills to God's will are children of God, of Cain it is written that he, willingly copying Satan's disposition, became a son "of that wicked one."--`1 John 3:12`.

Likewise, our Lord spoke to some of the malicious Pharisees, whose wills were set in opposition to the truth, who, instead of seeking God's will and way, were Satan-like, seeking their own exaltation and hating the right and the light, saying: "Ye are [children] of your father the devil." So the Apostle once spoke to a similar character, a wilful evil-doer, saying, "O full of all subtilty and all mischief, thou child of the devil; wilt thou not cease to pervert the right way of the Lord?"--`Acts 13:10`.

NO PROVISION FOR GOD'S ENEMIES.

Notice now that God has never purposed or promised blessings upon wilful enemies. Eternal life and kingdom favors are not for such. Had all the race been such characters, no redemption and no restitution would have been provided. God foresaw, however, that many (the vast majority, we doubt not) would, after seeing clearly and in some degree experiencing both good and evil, right and wrong, and their respective consequences under God's law, be glad to recognize and serve God and the right--with all their heart, mind, soul and strength;

and to observe the same law in their dealings with their fellow-creatures--loving their neighbors as themselves. It was because God foresaw these would-be friends in the Adamic race that for such he provided redemption and reconciliation through the blood of the crucified one. "Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his FRIENDS. Ye are my FRIENDS, if ye do whatsoever I command you.--Love one another as I have loved you."

We do not forget that the same great Teacher said, "Love your enemies" and "If thine enemy hunger feed him"-- help to keep him alive. This command to us is very different from what God reveals concerning his own plan of procedure toward his wilful enemies, of whom he caused it to be written:--"The enemies of the Lord shall lick the dust;"--shall fall in death--they "shall die;" they "shall be cut off" from life; "all the wicked will he destroy." [He will not feed them and continue their lives everlastingly.] "They shall be punished with an everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of his power; when he shall come to be glorified in his saints and to be admired by all them that believe in that [Millennial] day."--`Psa. 72:9`; `Ezek. 18:4`; `Num. 15:31`; `Psa. 145:20`; `2 Thes. 1:9,10`.

And his reason for thus giving us a different rule from that which he himself will follow is readily seen. The enmities and oppositions of the present time among men are mostly attributable to mutual weaknesses and imperfections and misunderstandings; and we who are totally incapable of reading and judging the hearts, the underlying motives, the wills of our fellow-men, could not unerringly judge which are the few real enemies of righteousness and which, its many blinded, deceived or only partly informed or over-tempted friends. Therefore, if thine enemy hunger, feed him; he is probably a deceived friend of God and hence of yours. As for the few times when by feeding our starving enemy we should really help perpetuate a being unworthy of life and whom God has declared should be and shall be destroyed, the Lord tells us to leave that to him, that he has not yet made us the representatives and executors of his laws. But he does tell us also that no real enemy of his and ours, no informed and really wilful enemy of righteousness, shall escape just punishment because of our exercise of leniency. He declares, "Vengeance is mine, I will repay, saith the Lord." Therefore, dearly beloved "avenge not yourselves"-- follow instructions, feed all enemies and trust to the Lord who can and will, in his due time, render "vengeance to his enemies."--`Rom. 12:19`; `Jas. 5:1-6`.

And God, indeed, for a time follows the very rule thus laid down for us. He does not now destroy his enemies, but feeds them; sending rain upon the just and upon the unjust and causing the sun to shine upon the evil as well as the good. God waits, as he tells us to do, until his due time arrives, when (during the Millennial age) he shall cause the knowledge of his character, his plan and his laws to be clearly and fully made known to all men. Then the real enemies, the wilful evildoers, shall be manifested; and the multitude of present enemies, through inherited weaknesses, deceptions, and misconceptions, whom he foresees will become his friends, shall be manifested also. Then the "friends," the "sheep," shall enter into life--the second life, the non-ending life; while the "enemies," the "goats," shall be cut off from life--enter into death, the second death, non-ending death;--an "everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord" and from all further opposition to his glory and power. Self-willed Satan, and all his children, all who willingly prefer his course of enmity to God and righteousness, shall go into destruction (symbolized by the lake of fire) "the second death." (`Rev. 20:14`.) God seeketh not to bend the unwilling, but is pleased to receive and help and restore the willing ones. He does not propose to use his power to chain unwilling devils to his throne, but to open through Christ a way to life by which whosoever wills may come and partake freely. Neither will God destroy the wills of the unwilling and make them mere machines; rather than have such children he could and would, as our Lord declared, create men out of stones. (`Matt. 3:9`.) No; God "seeketh such to worship him [and to enjoy his favors] as worship him [willingly] in spirit and in truth." All the good things which God hath in reservation are for those who love him.--`1 Cor. 2:9`.

For this purpose of proving and manifesting who are the friends of God, "God hath appointed a day [a time--the Millennial day] in the which he will judge [grant a trial to] the world, in righteousness [It will be a just, fair trial, full, complete, final], by that man whom he hath afore ordained--Jesus Christ, the righteous one." He must reign [and judge, and the Church shall reign and judge with him--`1 Cor. 15:25`; `2 Tim. 2:12`] until he hath put all enemies under his feet" (--not upon thrones of honor), and until he has liberated all the groaning, travailing and sin-sick creation from the bondage of corruption and death into that freedom from pain, sorrow and dying which is the divine provision for all the sons of God. (`Rom. 8:21`.) Yea, God's Anointed shall not only reign, but reign in righteousness. He will lay justice to the line and righteousness to the plummet, and the hail shall sweep away the refuge and delusions of lies, and he will stamp out evil and wilful evil-doers forever. (`Isa. 28:17`.) The God of peace will introduce lasting peace and blessing by crushing Satan and all his wilful children (his wilful followers, who in spite of full knowledge, will, like him and with his spirit, love evil rather than good) under the feet of the Christ--shortly.-- `Rom. 16:20`.

Then, having finished his work, having bought the sheep and having found all of this sheep class of mankind who had all been lost in the wilderness of sin, the Good Shepherd, who knows all his sheep (and who will be known by all of them, when once they clearly and distinctly hear his voice), having destroyed the wolves of sin and the wilful goats, will bring all the sheep safely and happily back to the Eden fold of God, and shall deliver up the kingdom to God, even the Father, that God and his law and his fold may be to such henceforth, forever, their all in all. Thenceforth, there shall be no more pain, nor sorrow, nor sickness, nor dying, nor cause for these; for sin and they that loved sin, and all the former things shall have passed away forever. Thenceforth, all things are new and perfect and right and good.

"WITHOUT THE SHEDDING OF BLOOD THERE IS NO REMISSION OF SINS."

`HEB. 9:22`.

Having looked at the class whom God desired to restore to his favor, his "friends" (including all those who will ever become his friends, obedient to his righteous regulations), let us look now at the method adopted by divine wisdom for effecting reconciliation or atonement between God and these.

That a number of the patriarchs were quite willing to be reconciled again to God, to be at-one with him and repossess themselves of the blessings of Eden, which he had prepared for those at-one with him, is very evident. It is also evident that God would not and did not permit that full, complete reconciliation; that though he did permit those who longed for his friendship and who desired to know and to do his will, to have a measure of his friendship, what he granted was far from full and complete fellowship. He never restored them either to the comforts or the everlasting-life conditions of Eden. Whatever fellowship was granted came to them as they were given to Adam, as loving provisions. And even the limited fellowship, the limited at-one-ment permitted, was so hedged about with typical sacrifices for sins as to clearly indicate to these would-be-friends of God that they were unclean--unfit to be recognized by God, or to be at-one with him, or to have his favors. To appreciate the reason why God thus held aloof from men, and how full and complete reconciliation has since been accomplished between God and those who are desirous of being at-one with him, and how, ultimately, all the "friends" of God shall be sought and found, and brought to one-ness with him, is to appreciate the philosophy of the plan of Salvation, conceived by God before the foundation of the world, begun at our Redeemer's first advent, and to be completed with the close of his Millennial reign.

Obedience to his Creator is not only the proper and reasonable course for man, but it is the course essential to his happiness; for disobedience is not only sinful ingratitude, but it is injurious to man, who has not the experience and wisdom essential to a proper guidance of his own affairs. God's regulation, therefore, is that his wisdom, his power, his care and his love, must be trusted in implicitly by all; and his will must be the only law, if harmony, peace and blessing to all would prevail. He will have nothing short of this; hence he would not countenance the slightest disobedience on the part of the perfect Adam and would not excuse disobedience. He would, instead, illustrate, to all his intelligent creatures, how imperative and unalterable are his laws, how disastrous and far-reaching are the consequences of disobedience, and how necessary his laws are to the general well-being of all his creatures.

Notwithstanding, therefore, God's loving sympathy for Adam, and his foreknowledge of all the dreadful consequences upon his posterity, God determined to make an example of the sinner and of the natural consequences of sin, and so the penalty of sin went into effect. He cast Adam out from the garden of Eden and all its favors; he no longer treated him as his loved creature and friend but as one who had rebelled; he virtually said,

you have chosen your own path, now walk in it, take the consequences, use your own will and see where it will land you, and how much more joy and liberty you will have than if you had remained under my easy yoke and light burden--my easy requirement of obedience.

Yet, while treating mankind thus, on the lines of justice, God had already planned for the recovery of all such of the human family as would desire to render full obedience to his just laws and arrangements. He could not change his laws to suit the imperfect, fallen, weak condition of such as desired to return to full obedience and favor; he could not accept as perfect that which was far from perfection. To do so would bring confusion into God's kingdom, and for him to recognize sin and affiliate with sinners and in any degree countenance their sins and weaknesses would be to partake of sin and be a partner in it with sinners.

It is asked, Why did God not restore men from death--from sickness, pain and mental and moral imperfection, and from the tomb--and then let them show their harmony and obedience? We answer, that was impossible! It is impossible for God to lie or to deny himself, or his own sentence against sin. (`Heb. 6:18`; `2 Tim. 2:13`.) God's sentence against sin was that "the soul that sinneth, it shall die;" and even God himself could not now change that sentence; hence God could not restore the condemned and dying and dead race and offer them another trial: Adam had been tried and had failed, and the sentence was passed and could never be altered, because God's law, like himself, changes not, forever.

But some will inquire, Did not the death of Adam meet the penalty? and could not God justly have made him alive and perfect again the next moment after life had become extinct--the next moment after the penalty had been fully inflicted? No; you misunderstand the penalty of sin. You seem to think of the matter as though the penalty of sin read, The being who sins shall cease to exist for a moment, or more, as a penalty for his sin: or, The wages of sin is a temporary suspension of existence: or, The body of

the person who sins shall die. But none of these properly represent the penalty, which was that the soul should die--the being should cease to exist. When this penalty is fully studied and realized, it will be seen that utter extinction of being was the penalty, and that a merely temporary suspension of animation would not be a fulfillment of it.

How, then, could any hope of a future and everlasting life be entertained for any? From a human standpoint there was no room for hope, because there could be no room for expecting God to break his word or change his righteous law. But nevertheless, God held out a hope to such as desired and endeavored to return to his favor, though he did not explain the process by which he would recover them, but left that for faith to reason upon. And faith reasoned that if God could not break his word about the penalty, he could not break it with reference to the recovery from it.

Even the shadowy sacrifices and typical services of the Law-Covenant, made with the seed of Abraham, but slightly disclosed what would be God's method of meeting the penalty inflicted upon Adam and his family and canceling it, so far as it would work injury and loss of existence to those of the race whom God loves and calls his "friends"--even all who love righteousness, and God the King of the righteous, and also all who would do so if they fully and clearly understood the truth. We, however, who live since the great Redeemer came and gave his life for "his sheep" [not for the "goats"], and who are of his sheep, are privileged to understand these "mysteries" of Jehovah's plan (`Matt. 13:11`; `John 16:13`), so that we may not only fully and clearly comprehend the portion of it already accomplished, viz., the ransom given for the life of Adam and all who lost life through his disobedience, but listening to the great Shepherd's voice, gradually, more and more, the length and breadth and height and depth of that plan are revealed to us; showing us that the results of Christ's obedience to the Father's plan, in the voluntary sacrifice of himself (the man Christ Jesus) as Adam's substitute or ransom-price, will fully and completely offset and cancel the penalty upon Adam and his children.

How, now, does the case stand in view of the ransom given by our Redeemer at Calvary--Did it secure everlasting life for that entire race of sinners?

No; it did not secure everlasting life, nor even a right to it, either for Adam or for a single one of his posterity.

What then did Christ's death accomplish for men?

It merely and only canceled and set aside the penalty upon Adam for that first disobedience;--which penalty, as long as it remained against the race, prohibited their ever returning to perfection and life. Now, they may return to divine fellowship and favor, and thence to perfection and everlasting life, if they can do so.

But men are unable to recover themselves "out of the horrible pit and out of the miry clay" of sin, which has become a great cancer upon the bodies and minds and morals of our race, which, however loathsome and abhorrent to those who long for purity and righteousness, has become a part of our very being and is sapping and drawing the life forces daily and hourly. And these cry out, Oh! wretched man that I am, who shall deliver me from this corrupt state and set me free so that I might do right and be in harmony with God and have his blessing and favor and gift of everlasting life!

The ransom opened the way for the powerful Mediator to establish the New Covenant with all desirous of reconciliation. Before that sacrifice for Adam's sin was made, God could not enter into covenant relations with those under death-sentence for violating his laws. Nor could Christ as Mediator offer pardon or restore to perfection of life those under divine sentence, without opposing God's perfect law; which he could not and would not do.

As an illustration, Suppose that a bookkeeper in governmental employ had proven dishonest and had been legally sentenced and imprisoned for the offense; and suppose the penalty was one that could be met by the payment of a money fine; suppose that the man had thoroughly repented and reformed and made such restitution as he could for his embezzlements; suppose that a friend of his, a physician, knowing all about the case, should pay the fine and secure his release; suppose, too, that the government officials were willing that he should return to his old position and former salary, but suppose that the man had during his confinement become paralyzed and lost his ability to write and to calculate. All will see that a payment of his fine [his ransom] could not restore him to his former work and pay, if he could not fill the requirements. But if the physician who redeemed him from the condemnation of the law by paying his fine should also be skillful in treating his disease and restoring him to his former condition and thus to his former employ and its wages, the two-fold work of Christ as Redeemer and Restorer would be illustrated in him.

Christ's death as man's ransom sets free from condemnation, fully, entirely; but the effect of sin has paralyzed all mankind, mentally, morally and physically, so that the good that we would we often cannot do. We are, therefore, notwithstanding the ransom, wholly unable to fill the original place in God's service designed for us, and are unable, therefore, to get the wages of righteousness--everlasting life. Mankind must still look to Christ, the Redeemer, and, earnestly desiring it, put themselves under the treatment of this Great Physician for the restoration of all the lost powers. And such as come to him, he will not refuse, but will put them under the strict regimen of the New Covenant, and so long as they continue thereunder he will treat their cases, correcting, instructing, exercising them, etc., until they are fully cured and restored to the lost portion and favors.

Praise God for the all-important work accomplished at the cross, by which the sentence of extinction was lifted from the race! yet it is very evident that since God's law continues the same yesterday, to-day, and forever, and since he still must and does refuse full communion and fellowship with sinners, and since we cannot recover ourselves from the plague of sin, it is very evident, indeed, that some great physician, able to cure our malady and to restore us to mental, moral and physical health and perfection, must be sent to us by our gracious Creator or our case would still be hopeless.

God knew this all along, and so provided that the obedient one who, willingly, for our redemption left the heavenly nature and glory and became a man, that as a man he might give himself a ransom (a corresponding price) for and instead of the first man, the transgressor (`1 Tim. 2:6`; `1 Cor. 15:21`), should be the one who, as the great Physician, Savior and Life-giver, should not only redeem Adam and his children from the sentence and penalty of extinction, but should "save HIS PEOPLE from their sins;" and delivering these, his people, from sin and death, should finally present them perfect, blameless, unreprovable before the Father, fit objects of his love and communion, restored to the divine likeness, in which they will be able, as father Adam was in Eden, to fully comprehend and fully perform all the divine requirements. And in addition to what Adam had, they will have the valuable experiences of the present time, proving to them the love of their Creator and Lord and giving assurance that he and all his laws seek only their permanent blessing and joy.

CENTRE AND CIRCUMFERENCE.

The hope of the world, then, has a circumference as well as a centre; the centre is the Redemption or Ransom, the circumference the Deliverance, the

Life-giving, the Restitution to the divine favors; and the various provisions and conditions of the New Covenant connect this centre with its circumference as spokes do in a wheel.

Only by following the New Covenant provisions can any of the redeemed reach the grand limits of perfection. Its provisions, however, are ample for the bringing of all the willing ones to a condition, mental, moral and physical, where God can recognize them as worthy of his favor and communion. Those who recognize the sacrifice of Christ as the Ransom-price of the race have it as an assurance of the sincerity of God's promises of deliverance, and as a practical demonstration of his sympathy and love which amounts to a conviction that he will in his own due time do all that he ever promised;--"exceeding abundantly more than we can ask" or at present imagine.--`Eph. 3:20`.

As the long delay of over 4000 years until the Ransom was given perplexed the Lord's faithful among the Jews, so the long delay of the Great Physician, as the Life-giver, the Restorer, since his giving of the Ransom, since the release from the sentence of extinction (`Rom. 4:17-19`), has greatly perplexed many of the Lord's faithful ones during the Gospel age. But now, as his due time comes for the further explanation of his plan to his people (`Dan. 12:9,10`; `Luke 12:37`), it is all made clear and plain. We now see that the past six thousand years were used in God's plan for the multiplying of the race, sufficient to fill the earth when as a whole it is made a Paradise, fit for perfect men in fellowship with God; and that during this period, long to us as measured by the short measure of present existence, but short to the great Eternal, each generation played its noble or ignoble part and got its lessons and experiences with sin and its consequences, and was laid away in the dust. There they await the coming of the great Deliverer, fully authorized by the satisfaction of the sentence upon us, secured by his own payment of the penalty against us; and fully competent, by reason of his own resurrection and high exaltation to the divine nature (`2 Pet. 1:4`), to "save unto the uttermost" all who will come unto the Father by him. He shall come in power and great dignity, and, opening the prison doors of the tomb, shall call back to being, in orderly succession, the generations of the dead, and offer to each and to all fullest opportunity to demonstrate their willingness to come into full harmony and covenant relationship with God, upon the only conditions which God can or will or ought to make, viz., absolute, prompt and willing obedience to his righteous government, which is wisely instituted for man's eternal happiness.

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