The Watchtower, July 1, 1885
VOL. VI. PITTSBURGH, PA., JULY AND AUGUST, 1885. NOS. 11 & 12.
ZION'S
Watch Tower
AND
HERALD OF CHRIST'S PRESENCE.
PUBLISHED MONTHLY.
C. T. RUSSELL, Editor and Publisher.
BUSINESS OFFICE:
NO. 40 FEDERAL ST. ALLEGHENY, PA.
The Editor recognizes a responsibility to the Master, relative to what shall appear in these columns, which he cannot and does not cast aside; yet he should not be understood as endorsing every expression of correspondents, or of articles selected from other periodicals.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
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TAKE NOTICE.
This paper will be sent free to any of the Lord's poor who will send a card yearly requesting it. Freely we have received and freely we would give the truth. "Ho, every one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters; and he that hath no money, come ye, buy and eat--yea, come, buy wine and milk without money and without price." And you that have it-- "Wherefore do ye spend money for that which is not bread? and your labor for that which satisfieth not? Hearken diligently--and eat ye that which is good, and let your soul delight itself in fatness."-- `ISAIAH 55:1,2`.
VOLUME VI. closes with this number. We revise our list every August and February, so that we may not continue sending the TOWER where it is not wanted. If your subscription commenced with the first of the volume, do not neglect, but advise us at once of your desires. Should mistakes occur, please advise us. Some from whom we have not heard for a long time, will find a blue mark opposite this paragraph.
THE TABERNACLE pamphlet being out of print, this issue will hereafter supply its place. As our usual sized paper would not contain it complete, we have issued a double number. A thorough study of the subjects herein presented, will require not less than two months. May these solemn lessons be as strengthening to your hearts as to ours.
VIEW FROM THE TOWER.
"I will stand upon my watch, and fix my foot upon the Tower, and I will watch to see what will be said to me." `Habakkuk 2:1`.
Human judgment in its fallen condition is very much inclined to take extreme views on whichever side of a question it looks. Like the pendulum of a clock, men go from one to an opposite extreme. The way to steady and settle our judgment is to conclude that we can know only what God has revealed, and come to the Bible as His revelation; and leaving our own opinions, make new ones strictly and entirely therefrom.
This disposition to fly to opposite extremes frequently manifests itself in those who for years have believed that ninety-nine out of every hundred of the human family were en-route to everlasting torture. When they come to realize that the love of God would sanction no such thing, but that the extreme penalty of sin is destruction of being; and that from the destruction (death) which came upon the entire race through Adam's sin, a full ransom has been made by Jesus, and that a full RESTITUTION of all the forfeited rights, privileges and enjoyments of perfect life is to come to all in God's DUE TIME--when they see this, they become so overjoyed that they go to an opposite extreme and conclude that God is so loving that he would never be happy unless ultimately every human being shall be everlastingly saved. From the extreme view that God was all JUSTICE and without LOVE, they unintentionally run to the opposite extreme that He is all LOVE and destitute of justice.
Beloved, let us BALANCE our warped and perverted and unbalanced judgments by the testimonies of God's Word. Let us remember that EXISTENCE is a boon from heaven, to be forced upon none. It is a favor, a blessing, designed only for those who shall appreciate it; and who will use it in harmony with the LAW OF RIGHT, the law of God; others cannot have it, and must cease to exist; not only for their own good, but for the good of all and the everlasting purity of God's kingdom in earth and heaven.
Surely God has stated to us plainly that justice and equity are the very foundations of his throne (`Psa. 89:14`); and not only so, but for over four thousand years he illustrated the penalty of sin and the unrelenting, positive character of his justice, which not only condemned Adam (and all the race as represented in him) to death, destruction, but refused to FORGIVE that wilful sin, because God could not do so and be JUST. `Rom. 3:26`.
Surely such a demonstration of justice, as God manifested in giving His Son to be a ransom ["corresponding price"] for all, before that sin could be blotted out, evidences a firmness and a justice on God's part that is simply sublime. It should not only be an assurance to us that those once justified from Adamic guilt have nothing further to fear therefrom (`1 John 1:9`), but should also assure us beyond question, that all who are fully released from Adamic penalty and guilt when on trial individually, would be dealt with in the same inflexibly just manner that Adam was. If obedient, life will be sure, as the reward; if disobedient, death [this time a second death], as surely as in Adam's case. And the conditions would be the same, in that Justice could no more forgive the personal wilful sins which invoked the second death, than it did the Adamic sin which invoked the first death.
But, some one inquires: Will God's love every change? And if not, will not the same love which planned the ransom through Christ and the coming restitution as a result, prompt God to again redeem with another ransom those who go into the second death?
We reply: God is the same yesterday, today and forever, and will always pity and love any of His creatures who unwillingly or without their own will or choice, are under the penalty of His law; but from the very nature of things He can have neither sympathy nor pity for those who with a full knowledge of the heinousness of sin, a full experience with its penalty, and a full knowledge of what it cost for their redemption from it once, and full ability to resist it, shall, notwithstanding all this wilfully, and designedly, despise His goodness and love, and violate the laws which they know divine wisdom enacted for the lasting good of all: with such, God cannot be pleased. As God hates sin because it is wrong and works evil, so he must "abhor" and be "angry" with such WILFUL sinners as we have just described.
No; another redemption will never take place! Another ransom price will never be given! We confidently and strongly state this, because supported both by Scripture and reason, as follows:
It is declared that Christ shall reign until he has subdued all enemies. Sinners are enemies through wicked works; and such as will not be RECONCILED to God's laws and arrangements must be destroyed, as it is written: "All the WICKED [wilfully so] will He [God] destroy." (`Psa. 145:20`.) The wicked shall be [re]turned [Heb., Shub, turned back, returned;] into hell [sheol--death; hence SECOND DEATH]. (`Psa. 9:17`.) This agrees also with the statements of Revelation regarding the results and termination of that Millennial reign: Satan and all who in that time of trial, shall willingly and persistently follow his example, and be thereby his co-workers in evil (his messengers) shall together be cast into the "Lake of fire," symbol of destruction--the second death. `Rev. 20:14,15`.
Nor can any one consistently claim that the second death is to be destroyed by a resurrection of its captives out of it, BECAUSE it is stated that present death-- the first (the death which resulted from Adam's sin) is to be destroyed by resurrecting ALL who went into it; because redeemed from its power by the precious blood of Christ. These two deaths are not the same; hence the first can and will be destroyed, while the other everlastingly blots out of existence, and thus everlastingly punishes all who go into it. Those who cannot see more, should at least recognize the difference by the fact that the one is cast into and destroyed in the other. (`Rev. 20:14`.) That this destruction of all willful evil doers who, under the favorable opportunities of the Millennium refuse to hear [heed] that Prophet (`Acts 3:23`), will take place, is evident, from the statement that this is at the close of that reign (`Rev. 20:7-9`), and that immediately following it everything is described as pure, holy and happy --no sin, and hence none of its results. `Rev. 21:4,22`.
The only one of Jesus' parables which furnishes a clear outline of that age (`Matt. 25:31-46`), shows the same termination of that age, in which "the Son of Man shall sit on the throne of his glory" and judge the world. It shows that those who at the end of that trial are of the "goat" class, having refused to become his sheep, will be delivered into everlasting punishment [DEATH being the punishment or wages of sin] prepared or designed [only] for the Devil and [those who wilfully and persistently follow his precepts and example] his angels.
To claim another redemption and another chance beyond that which the Millennium brings, as a result of the ransom given by Christ, is not only to add to God's Word, but to contradict it; for it declares that those who sin WILFULLY after knowing the truth, show that they despise the ransom-sacrifice and do despite to the spirit of FAVOR which God therein manifested toward them; and that for such, there remaineth no more a sacrifice for sins, but a fearful looking for of judgment and fiery indignation which shall DEVOUR these adversaries of God and his law. "Christ dieth no more"; and even if he did, it is declared that such put themselves in such a condition by opposing and despising God's
once manifested goodness, that it is IMPOSSIBLE TO RENEW THEM AGAIN UNTO REPENTANCE. See `Heb. 6:4-8`; `10:26-31` and `Rom. 6:9`.
The results of the Millennial Age will be so complete and perfect, that not one being who appreciates God's favors, and desires to please him, will be destroyed in the Second death; and not one will escape it who is not, at heart, as well as outwardly, in fullest sympathy with God's government and its beneficent laws in support of righteousness, peace and love. Christ will do this work so thoroughly that when the kingdom is delivered up to God even the Father, nothing by way of making it more perfect will remain to be done in the successive ages. He must reign until he has put all enemies under his feet. He shall not fail nor be discouraged till he have ESTABLISHED righteousness in the earth on a lasting basis. `1 Cor. 15:26`, and `Isa. 42:4`.
Besides, suppose a case: Suppose a being to have lived through the Millennium under the full light and teaching of the Christ, with all of its lessons fully impressed upon him, who yet cherished such love for evil doing, that when evil is given greater liberty of action in the end of that age--as a test of the heart sentiments--he would follow that evil willingly, and knowingly and eagerly, and as a result of resisting Christ is "cut off from among the people," in the second death. (`Acts 3:22`.) Suppose for the moment, such an one resurrected from that Second death and tried again; what assurance could there be that with the SAME knowledge and liberty again at his command he would not do the same again? And if some one suggests that God COULD coerce his will, and thus compel his everlasting obedience, we answer, Yes; but God declares that such is not his design. He seeketh not such as he can compel, for he could compel all; but, "The Father seeketh such to worship Him" as "worship Him in spirit and in truth." (`John 4:23,24`.) Besides, if God is going to compel their acquiescence to his laws, why not do so at first without having a "second death;" and without marring the perfectness and bliss of future ages by trying over and over again to get some to consent and worship him in spirit and truth whom in the end he must compel? This is unanswerable.
Again, if such were to be compelled to obedience would it not be degrading them below the level of manhood? Is not manhood's chief glory his will, his power of moral choice? And would not such a change as would deprive him of this freedom of choice, deprive him of manhood and make him merely a machine? and if so would it not be far more to God's glory to blot out such unworthy beings and create such "new machines" as he wanted--if he wants mere machines?--which evidently he does not.
The mistake of those who fall into this error is that they do not fully appreciate the opportunities of the Millennial Age, and the abundant arrangement there, provided by divine wisdom. They think of it as though the sin of disobedience might possibly be one act, and it perhaps induced by a measure of ignorance or lack of experience or weakness. But no; God's provision has been complete: Man will not be suddenly brought to perfection and then suddenly exposed to trials which might sweep away his judgment, and over-riding his past experiences, sweep him into evil; but he will be brought gradually to it during that age, as in a
school. He will be helped to surmount the weaknesses of the fall, and to regain the summit of manhood's estate; helped by the Redeemer who purchased for him the right to return to that estate. Christ, in restoring to man "that which was lost" (`Luke 19:10`, and `Acts 3:21`) will do it in such a manner as will do the man most good. He will make known to him its advantages and opportunities [bring him to "a knowledge of the truth"] while saving him out of Adamic death (`1 Tim. 2:4`). He shall in that schooling learn what wilful sin is and the sureness of its punishment, and be fully acquainted with the fact that at the close of the age all must be in heart, in will, holy, and in harmony with the holy God, else they will be condemned to death--destruction everlasting--as wilful transgressors unworthy of God's blessings, and unfit for the ages of perfectness then to be introduced.
We cannot suppose, judging from our own feelings, that MANY would thus sin WILFULLY and despise God's favors; nevertheless the fact that Satan has done so for the past six thousand years, and that he will when "loosed," at the end of the next age, be of the same disposition, notwithstanding all that he shall have witnessed of God's love, etc., (as God's Word positively declares;) proves that some are not affected to repentance by a knowledge of God's goodness, and reasonably leads us to conclude that there may be some of mankind whom it will be as "impossible to renew ...unto repentance" as Satan. And this conclusion Scripture sustains by positive declarations.
Out of the billions of the race who have lived and will there have trial, it would not be many if ONE MILLION should prove incorrigible and be returned to sheol--destroyed in the everlasting destruction of the second death; but for the sake of an argument let us suppose that only one thousand would be of this incorrigible class. Let us suppose the suggested theory of some, that these who go into the second death will be redeemed out of it by a "ransom" [corresponding price] as all the race were redeemed out of the Adamic death. In that case it would be necessary that one thousand perfect beings should die to "ransom" this thousand wilful sinners. One Saviour could not give a ransom [a corresponding price] for all these, as Jesus did for the entire Adamic race numbering millions; because this thousand were each one, WILFUL sinners, while in the case of the Adamic race, there was but ONE perfect person tried; ONE only sinned wilfully; and hence ONE perfect being freely offered, was a full ransom--a corresponding price. See `Rom. 5:17-19` and `11:32`.
But to continue the supposed case and show its further inconsistency: Suppose that at the close of the Millennium one thousand of the perfected race were to present themselves as ransoms for the one thousand incorrigible, what a scene it would be--a thousand Calvarys at once. And who would put them to death? Not the holy and righteous; they should and could no more slay their brethren than could the Apostles have crucified Jesus. Then we must suppose to carry out this incredible supposition that the ONE THOUSAND INCORRIGIBLES would add this to their wilful sins; that they would kill their redeemers: And surely no better proof of their incorrigibility could be imagined than a willingness to shed innocent blood. Jesus could pray for his murderers, "Father forgive them, they know not what they do," because they were blinded by the devil, and depraved by the fall; but no such prayer could be made for this class--brought to a full knowledge of the truth.
But some may want still further to suppose:--Suppose after all this, they come to realize the great sacrifice these redeemers have made for them, would it not melt them to love and obedience? We answer, No; "it is impossible to renew" SUCH "to repentance." In the first place they could not "come to realize it," because if perfect and doing it wilfully, they must have realized their offence all along. In the second place, if the love and sufferings of Christ did not move them, no love and sufferings would; for "GREATER love hath no man than this." If with a perfect knowledge of the love of God for men, manifested in him who was rich yet for our sakes, became poor that we through his poverty might be made rich, if this love of Christ does not constrain them nothing would: And it is perfectly absurd for us to think of God trying to outdo his own superlatively grand exhibition of love. `John 15:13`.
So far from mourning for their loss, the balance of the race will be so ashamed of them, that they will be relieved by their utter blotting out of existence. Yea, all the righteous, from Jehovah to his humblest intelligent creature, must rejoice, when after full opportunity for reformation, the Universe shall be cleansed of the incorrigible. Their destruction will be a mercy to themselves, as well as for the lasting happiness of all the righteous.
Let us balance our judgments by the testimony of God's Word, and be careful to make straight paths for our FEET, lest that which is lame be turned out of the way--rather let it be healed.
EXTRACTS FROM INTERESTING LETTERS.
Williamsburg, Ohio.
MY DEAR BRO.:--It is sometime since I have written you a letter, yet I am not forgetful of you. I am busy, preparing and reading a series of papers before a considerable congregation. The manner in which these meetings are conducted is like this: I spend from twenty to thirty minutes in reading an essay; after the reading is done each hearer is permitted to present a written query concerning the subject. These I answer as best I can at the next meeting. I think they will get quite interesting as we proceed. Why evil was permitted is our present theme. When we are fully under headway I will write you and let you know how we are coming on. I am preparing manuscripts from Z.W.T. in the shape of lectures which I intend to deliver whenever opportunity presents. I was a little slow to accept the doctrines held forth by the TOWER, but I wanted to be sure they were correct before I embraced them. I was hungering for something like it for some time, and it seemed a mere accident that I got possession of it; but I thank God that I have found the truth. Here is a dollar to pay for my paper, and to send some back numbers if you have any to spare. Send me anything that I can use in the lecture field. I will send more for the work by and by. I am happy now, since I have the truth, let come what may.
Your Brother in Christ, __________.
London, June 29, 1885.
DEAR MR. and MRS. RUSSELL:--Although it is so long since I wrote to you last, it is not decrease of interest in glad tidings which has kept me silent. The Z.W. TOWERS you so kindly sent are a source of great refreshment to me and to those to whom I make their contents known. Some point which has been exercising me in the Scriptures is touched upon in the next number that arrives. One of these happened to be the Baptism, about which having only been sprinkled and confirmed by the Church of England, I have felt dissatisfied in proportion as I have become more enlightened. Before separating from the Church of England I saw the error of infant baptism and I perceived that it was open to me to decide whether I would be immersed or not according to my conscience; then I endeavored to find a set of christians who would perform the office for me without seeking by enrollment with their special tenets, but I did not succeed. I am not satisfied without fulfilling this outward symbol, simply because the Lord enjoined it--so hope to be given the opportunity very shortly of taking this step together with some I have been teaching.
I am extremely obliged to you for sending all that you have sent, but if you knew how many more copies of the "Food" and "Tabernacle" I could use you would try to spare me some more; ere long I trust you will receive some money from me to pay for your supply of them to me and my friends. It is so strange that where ever I have lent the books they are almost invariably lost or mislaid so long that one would be tempted to think it had been done on purpose; on the other hand I have friends craving to read them. On two occasions, an opportunity has been given to me to speak of the glad tidings; but Satan tried to hinder. At one place, having found a quiet earnest body of believers on a retired street--belonging to no particular sect, I offered to lay before them all that I myself had learned. They received me cordially, and requested me three times to meet them, once at a general assembly. Having made a large wall copy from your Chart of the Ages I hung it up on the wall and sat amidst those earnest thirsty people to tell them the good news, inviting them to question me afterwards, which they did; some very sharply, and as if to trip me; but let the Lord receive all praise! it was given me to answer quietly, and one of the most arrogant of my opponents came up afterwards wrung my hand and thanked me begging I would return again. But the Salvation Army, it seems had begun to influence these christians so that my teachings offering to go further than it's teachings made them afraid, I think, to give ear beyond the time I was with them. I left a copy of "Food" which they promised to meet together and study with the Scriptures; but curiously enough so soon as I had left for London --the book was lost. However, many men and women have become interested in the teachings, to whom I distributed the sample TOWERS. My work lies chiefly at the present time among detached individuals; and in writing to the absent. Only one, truly enlightened, lives near me, a police constable, who is too poor to send the money he would, to you, having a large family. He longs for a Diaglott of his own: I have lent him mine occasionally. Before long I could buy him one I think, and if so, will send the money to you; but can you supply him with regular TOWERS and some of the books? he has a wide means of working; at present, he has my papers to read and that is all. He and I only were able to keep the anniversary of our Lord's marvelous sacrifice as units....
I am, dear friends, yours affectionately,
Riddlesburg, Pa.
DEAR BROTHER:--I now enclose my subscription for '85, together with a small sum for the Tract Fund.
I have been a reader of the TOWER for three years and I thank God that it was sent to me, as I believe through Divine providence. When I first received the paper I was a Class-leader in the Methodist Church and also Sunday School superintendent. Since that time I have withdrawn from the church (?) and am walking the narrow way. I was about to say alone, but, thank God, I am accompanied by my Leader and Guide.
My name has been cast out, and I am no longer an "influential" person, but I am doing what I can to bring others to a knowledge of the truth as it is in Christ Jesus. The TOWER comes to me monthly like a gentle shower to a thirsty land, and I am refreshed and invigorated, and am enabled through the grace of Him who loved us, to withstand the wiles of the adversary.
May God bless your efforts to extend the tidings of salvation to all men.
Your brother in the work, __________.
Argentine Republic, South America.
TO EDITOR ZION'S WATCH TOWER.
Respected Sir:--I again write you for a repetition of your favor. I previously wrote you from city of Callao, Peru, giving you information of how a fragment of your "Food for Hungry Christians" accidentally fell into my hands from an Italian sailor, and asking you for a complete copy of the same, to which you at once made reply by forwarding me the copy and also several copies of your WATCH TOWER. Before, however, I had time for the full examination I could have wished, my friend, C.W.H., then in Callas, carried them off from me, and as I embarked in a ship making the round trip to Valparaiso, Lobus Island, and finally to England, I lost the run of the book.
I am much pleased with the annual celebration of the Lord's Supper, as noticed in one of the numbers of WATCH TOWER you sent me. Now, I want you to send me the September sample number of WATCH TOWER, also, "Teachings of the Tabernacle," and one other copy of "Food for Christians."
It is needless for me to inform you how very much interested I am in this movement, and to give you my promise of earnest support.
I now leave you, in the hope of future pleasant correspondence, with the good old Spanish parting of "May God be with you." I remain, therefore,
Yours sincerely, __________.
Philadelphia, Pa.
DEAR MR. RUSSELL:--I cannot sufficiently express my gratitude for ZION'S WATCH TOWER. Each paper has created a longing for more which seems to increase every time I read it. I have not been altogether silent respecting its contents either. The relics of early training twine tenaciously about me, but it seems to me they are loosening and must finally be cast aside, for the old dogmas quake before the simple truth, and some of them shiver to pieces and decay before the light that has dawned on my vision.
Thank God, for the light; it shall shine on and on until the world shall see the "castles in the air"--the fabrications of men--lying in ruins; the "houses built upon the sand" swept away and the true Church having for its foundation "The Rock of Ages," shall raise her meek and lowly head above the tumult of falling systems, and bid defiance to the storm which shall sweep the world of its calumnious teachings and lay waste the fabulous constructions of the world's praised ones.
I remain yours in Christian love,
Dover, Ill.
DEAR BROTHER RUSSELL:--Since I accidently found your paper, "Food for Thinking Christians" more than three years ago, a flood of light has been pouring in upon me. How inexpressibly grand the whole plan of salvation appears, and yet how plain and simple. Strange it is that so few will believe it, and hate those who do; but that was the way they treated our Master. I can afford to have my name cast out as evil if I can be of the number that shall overcome. The more closely I compare the Word of God with the present state of the Nominal Church and the world, the more clearly I see the truth of your position that the Lord is really present and has commenced his harvest work.
Your brother in Christ. __________.
Halifax, England.
TO THE EDITOR OF ZION'S WATCH TOWER.--Sir:--A pamphlet has been lately put into my hands entitled, "Food for Thinking Christians." It has greatly instructed and interested me, and led me into a new region of biblical teaching, presenting many aspects of truth altogether overlooked, the importance and scripturalness of which appear to me most clear and well founded. I have a strong desire to receive further teaching in the same direction; and I find a note appended on the cover which applies unmistakably to my case, therefore I eagerly avail myself of the suggestion to write to you. I should like to read and study "The Tabernacle and its Teachings" in the light which God has given you on the matter.
If ZION'S WATCH TOWER is a periodical publication, I should like to see a copy of it, and should be glad to know where it may regularly be obtained. I desire also that others also may be made acquainted with the like precious truths.
Yours gratefully and respectfully,
CONSIDER yourself the guardian of the character of those who may be absent, as you would wish others to guard your character in your absence.
LITTLE pains and little annoyances and little discomforts are as much a part of our discipline as are the formidable adversities that occasionally smite us like hurricanes.--T. L. Cuyler.
EARTH'S JUBILEE
FOLLOWS THE GREAT DAY OF ATONEMENT.
Blow ye the trumpet blow
The gladly solemn sound;
Let all the nations know,
To earth's remotest bound:
The year of Jubilee is come;
Return ye ransomed sinners home.
Jesus, our Great High Priest
Hath full atonement made:
Ye weary spirits, rest;
Ye mournful souls, be glad.
The year of Jubilee is come;
Return, ye ransomed sinners, home.
Extol the Lamb of God,
The all-atoning Lamb;
Redemption through His blood,
To all the world proclaim.
The year of Jubilee is come;
Return, ye ransomed sinners, home.
Ye who were sold for naught,
Whose heritage was lost,
Shall have it back for naught,
A gift at Jesus' cost.
The year of Jubilee is come;
Return, ye ransomed sinners, home.
The Seventh Trumpet hear,
The news of heavenly grace;
And, saved from death, appear
Before the Saviour's face.
The year of Jubilee is come;
Return, ye ransomed sinners, home.
THE TYPICAL TABERNACLE AND ITS TEACHINGS.
ITS FURNITURE--ITS APARTMENTS--ITS PEOPLE.
The Tabernacle which God commanded Israel to construct in the Wilderness, in connection with which all their religious services and ceremonies were instituted, was, Paul assures us, a shadow of good things to come. (`Heb. 8:5`; `10:1`; `Col. 2:17`.) In fact the whole nation of Israel, with their laws and their religious services and ceremonies, was typical. This being true, our understanding of the plan and work of salvation now in progress, as well as their future development, cannot fail to be greatly enlightened by a careful study of that Jewish shadow, which was repeated year by year continually for the edification of the saints during the Christian Age. `1 Pet. 1:12`.
It is not simply to gain a historical knowledge of the Jewish forms, ceremonies and worship, that we come to the investigation of this subject, but that we may be edified by understanding the substance from an examination of the shadow, as God designed in arranging it.
We will fail to attach sufficient weight and importance to the shadow, unless we realize how carefully God guided and directed all of its details: First, He took Moses up into the mount and gave him an illustration of just how things were to be made; Secondly, He charged him to be very careful--"See, saith He, that thou make all things after the pattern showed to thee in the mount." (`Heb. 8:5`; `Exod. 25:40`.) So too, with all the minutia of the service; every jot and tittle must be performed in the type, because it illustrated something great and grand coming after. And in order that these shadows might all be exactly performed, and that the people might not become careless, the usual penalty for any violation was death: For instance--`2 Sam. 6:6,7`; `Lev. 10:1,2`; `Ex. 28:43`; `Num. 4:15,20`; and `17:13`.
Realizing God's care in making the "shadow," should not only give us confidence in its correctness, that not one jot or tittle of it shall fail until all shall be fulfilled (`Matt. 5:18`.) but, it should also awaken in us so great an interest in God's plan, as would lead us to examine closely, and search carefully, for the meaning of those shadows: And this, with God's promised blessing we now propose to do, assured that among those who are truly God's consecrated ones-- children begotten of the Spirit--"He that seeketh findeth; and to him that knocketh, it shall be opened."
The directions given to Moses for the construction of the Tabernacle may be found in `Exod. 25 to 27`, and the account of the performance of the work, in `Exod. 35 to 40`. Briefly stated, the Tabernacle was a house constructed of a series of boards "overlaid" or plated with gold, and set on end into sockets of silver, and firmly fastened together by bars of the same wood (Shittim) also covered with gold.
This structure was 15 feet wide, 15 feet high, and 45 feet long, open at the front or east end. It was covered by a large linen cloth, with figures of cherubim woven into it, in blue, purple and scarlet colors. The open end, or front of the structure was closed by a curtain of similar material to the covering cloth, called the "door," or first vail. Another cloth of the same materials and colors, and similarly woven with figures of cherubim called the "Vail" (or second vail) was hung under the taches, and divided the Tabernacle into two apartments. The first or larger apartment 15 feet wide and 30 feet long was called "The Holy."* The second or rear-most apartment 15 feet wide and 15 feet long was called "The Most Holy." Over this Tabernacle proper, was a tent to shelter it and protect it from the weather. It was made of a covering of cashmere cloth or goat's hair, another of ram skins dyed red, and another of seal skins, translated badger skins.
The Tabernacle was surrounded by a yard or "court" toward the rear of which, it stood. This court 75 feet wide and 150 feet long was formed by a fence of linen curtains suspended from silver hooks, set in the tops of wooden posts 7-1/2 feet high, which were set in heavy sockets of copper, (translated brass,) and braced like the tent with cords and pins. This enclosure was all holy ground, and was therefore called the "holy place"-- also the "Court of the Tabernacle." Its opening, like the door of the Tabernacle, was towards the east, and was called the "gate." The "gate" was of linen embroidered with blue, purple and scarlet. It will be noticed that the three entrance passages, viz: "the gate" to the Court or "holy place"--"the door" to the "Holy" and "the vail" to the "Most Holy" were of the same material and colors.
The furniture of the court consisted of but two pieces: the "Brazen Altar" and the "Laver."
THE BRAZEN ALTAR.
First on entering the gate and immediately in front of it, stood the Brazen Altar. This altar was made of wood and covered with copper, it was 7-1/2 feet square, 4-1/2 feet high. It had various utensils belonging to its service--fire pans, called Censers, for carrying the fire to the Incense Altar; basins to receive the blood; flesh-hooks, shovels, etc.
THE LAVER.
Next, between the Brazen Altar and the door of the Tabernacle, was the Laver. It was made of polished copper and was a receptacle for water for the washing of the priests before entering the Tabernacle.
The furniture of the Tabernacle consisted of a Table, a Candlestick and an Incense Altar in the Holy, and the Ark of the Testimony in the Most Holy.
THE TABLE OF SHEW BREAD.
Within the Tabernacle on the right (north) stood the wooden "Table" overlaid with gold, and upon it were placed twelve cakes of unleavened bread in two rows or piles, with frankincense on top of each pile. (`Lev. 24:6`) The bread was for the priests; it was holy, and was renewed on the seventh or Sabbath day.
THE GOLDEN CANDLESTICK.
Opposite the Table was the "Candlestick" made of pure gold, beaten work (hammered out) having seven branches and in each branch a lamp. It was the only light in "The Holy," for as we have seen, the natural light was obscured by the walls and curtains, and there were no windows.
Further on, close up to "the Vail" stood a small altar of wood, covered with gold, called the "Golden Altar" or "Incense Altar." It had no fire upon it except as the priests brought it in the censers, which they set in the top of this golden altar, and then crumbled the incense upon it, giving forth fragrant perfume.
THE ARK OF THE TESTIMONY.
Beyond the vail, in the Most Holy, there was but one piece of furniture--the Ark. It was a rectangular box made of wood overlaid with gold, having a lid or cover of pure gold called the Propitiatory, improperly translated "Mercy Seat." Upon it (and of the same piece) were two cherubs of gold--beaten work. Within this Ark (under the Propitiatory) were placed the golden bowl of manna, and Aaron's rod that budded, and the two tables of the law. (`Heb. 9:4`) Upon the Propitiatory, a supernatural light appeared, shining out between the cherubim: This was the only light in the Most Holy.
It is noticeable that everything inside the Tabernacle was of gold, while in the court everything was of copper. Wood, which was used as the basis, and was covered by these metals was used, we believe, to make the articles lighter of weight, than if of solid metal. This would be an important consideration when they traveled. The vessels of the Temple, representative of the same things were of the solid metals. (`1 Kings 7:23,48`.) These two metals, gold and copper, were used, we think, to represent two different natures--copper, representing the human nature in its perfection; and gold representing the divine nature--much alike in their appearance, yet different in quality, as the human is an image of the Divine nature.
It will be noticed that the arrangement of the structure formed three general parts--the
CAMP, COURT, AND TABERNACLE.
The Camp represented the condition of the world of mankind in sin, typified by all Israel. These were separated from all holy things by the curtain of white linen, which to those within represents a wall of faith, but to those without, a wall of unbelief which hindered their view of, and access to, the holy things within. The only way to enter the "Holy Place" or "Court" was to come through the "gate"--Jesus. "I am the way...no man cometh unto the Father but by me." `John 14:6`.
The Court represented the condition of Justification, entered through faith in Christ, the "gate." Into this court, only Levites (typical of justified believers) were allowed to come. These have access to the Brazen Altar and Laver, and do service in the Court, but have no right as Levites (believers) to go into the Tabernacle; no, nor even to look into it. (`Num. 4:19,20`.) Here in the "Court" all things were of copper.
The Tabernacle represented the condition of all who have changed their nature; that is, those who have consecrated their human nature to death, and have become partakers of the Divine nature by being begotten of the Spirit. And no human being, be he ever so full of faith, be he washed from every sin, and in God's sight justified freely from all things, reckoned perfect, can have any place or privilege in Divine things unless he fully consecrate or sacrifice himself. He cannot even look into spiritual things in the sense of appreciating them. "The natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit,...neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned." `1 Cor. 2:14,12`.
All things in the Tabernacle were of gold representing the Divine nature, and only those of the Levites who were consecrated to the work of sacrifice (the Priests) had access to the Tabernacle. So only those of the household of faith, who are consecrated to sacrifice, enter the Divine conditions represented in the Tabernacle.
The "Court" or justified human condition was entered by faith only; but while we must retain the faith that justifies, we must do more, if we would change our nature and become "new creatures"--partakers of the Divine nature. If we would enter the Tabernacle or Divine condition, we must crucify the justified flesh, presenting our human wills and bodies a living sacrifice to God; no longer to seek for human pleasure, honor, praise, etc., but to be dead to these and alive to the heavenly ones. Yet into this condition also, we come through Christ Jesus our Lord, who not only opened for us the "gate," but also opened to us the "door" into the Tabernacle "a new" way of life through and beyond the vail. `Heb. 10:20`.
The two apartments of the Tabernacle, the Holy and the Most Holy, represented two phases or stages of the Divine life. The "Holy" represented the present condition of those begotten of God through the Word, these are Divine minded, "new creatures," who though still "in the flesh" have their real life and walk with God within the vail and beyond the sight of the world, and the unconsecrated believers. These enjoy the light of the candlestick, eat of the special food, and offer at the golden altar.
The "Most Holy" represented our perfected condition as new creatures, when born from the dead in the resurrection. Then being beyond both vails --the fleshly mind and fleshly body, we shall be glorious spiritual bodies, as well
*Frequently this in the English translation is improperly called the "holy place;" and in such instances the word place will be found in italics, indicating that it has been supplied by the translators, as for instance in `Exod. 26:33`. This error is quite confusing as "the court" was properly called "the holy place." When place, is not in italics, "the court" is always meant. See `Lev. 14:13` and `6:27`. In some instances "The Holy," is termed "The Tabernacle of the congregation" and the "Most Holy," the "Sanctuary" is also sometimes called "the Holy place" [place in italics.] instances, `Lev. 16:17,20,33`. In our mention of them we will call those apartments severally, "The Camp," "The Court," "The Holy," and "Most Holy."
A lack of appreciation of the necessity of uniform exactness, and of our interest in these typical pictures, on the part of the translators of Leviticus, must have been the cause of the varied translations which have so aided in confusing the student.
as spiritually minded. We shall be like our Leader, our forerunner beyond the vail, who, having entered, hath consecrated for us this new and living way. The spiritual minded creature in the "Holy," by faith looks forward through the rent Vail into the "Most Holy" catching glimpses of the glory, honor and immortality beyond the flesh; which hope is an anchor entering into that beyond the vail. `Heb. 6:19`; and `10:20`.
We see, then, that justification by faith, brings us into a condition of peace with God. Our sins being forgiven, we are a step nearer to God, but still human--in the Court. If we would attain to the prize of our high calling which is OF GOD in Christ Jesus, and enter in through the "Holy" to the "Most Holy," we must follow
IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF JESUS
our Leader and Head--"the High Priest of our profession." By faith in his ransom we have entered the "gate" to the Court--the Vail of unbelief and sin is passed. By renouncing our human will and all our human aspiration and hopes, we pass the first vail, or vail of human mindedness, counting our human will as dead; henceforth not consulting it, but the will of God only.
We now find ourselves as "new creatures" in the "Holy"--in the first of "the Heavenlies" or Holies (`Eph. 2:6`. --Diaglott); and here we are enlightened by the Golden Candlestick, (God's Word) refreshed and strengthened daily with the truth as bread lawful only for the Priests to eat. (`Matt. 12:4`.) And thus enlightened and strengthened, we are daily offering up sacrifices at the "Golden Altar," acceptable to God by Jesus Christ--a sweet perfume to our Father. `1 Pet. 2:5`.*
Thus, all the saints, the consecrated, are in a "heavenly" or "holy" condition now--"seated (at rest and communion) with Christ in (the first of these) heavenly places," but not yet in the Holiest of all. No; another vail must first be passed: As the passing of the preceding vail was the death of the human will, so the passing of the second vail is the death of the human body; and it requires both to complete our sacrifice: Both fleshly mind and fleshly body must first be passed before we shall be in the "Holiest of all"--perfected as partakers of the Divine nature and conditions.
With these thoughts as to the three conditions represented by these three places--Camp, Court and Tabernacle, let us notice particularly the three classes occupying these conditions, viz.: the Unbelieving World, Justified Believers and the Saints or Consecrated Believers; typified respectively by
ISRAELITES, LEVITES AND THE PRIESTHOOD.
In understanding the significance of the Tabernacle service, it is necessary not only to get a clear idea of the structure, its furniture and their typical signification, but also of the actors and their significance as types.
Israel is used in many instances to typify the Christian Church. For instance: When they left Egyptian bondage, they were a type of God's children who hear his call to come out from the world and engage in his worship.
The wilderness journey represents the tedious pilgrimage through which many pass, seeking the promised Canaan rest --"Come unto me and I will give you rest." As in the type, so in reality, the promised Canaan of rest is not far off, if God's children had faith enough to go up and enter in. God has made abundant provision for them: Yet they journey through the wilderness of sin seeking rest but finding none, because they lack faith in God's promises. Some wander thus a long time; some never enter the Canaan rest because of unbelief. But while Israel, according to the flesh, is thus and in other ways used to typify the spiritual Israel, yet, it is a totally different type, as we are now examining it, in its relation to the Tabernacle. Here, Israel unquestionably typifies the whole world of mankind. The sin-offerings, sacrifices, atonement, etc., made typically for them, (and them only) were typical of better sacrifices and atonement, made on behalf of the whole world; for, "He is a propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only, but also for the sins of the whole world." `1 John 2:2`.
In a word, Israel, as well as the Tabernacle, Priests, Levites and Sacrifices, was a type. And that which was there done in symbol, is, since the first advent of Christ, being carried out on a higher plane, and on a larger scale; the latter being the reality, of which that was the type or shadow.
As Israel typified the world, so the tribe of Levites typified the "Household of faith," or all believers in Jesus and his ransom. The Priesthood, one body under one chief or High Priest, was typical of the "little flock" who with their "Head" or High Priest are to be Kings and Priests to reign on the earth. `Rev. 5:10`. Thus viewed we see Jesus the High Priest not of the Aaronic order which was but the type of our profession or order, the real priesthood of which others were but figures. `Heb. 3:1`; `4:14`.
But before these members of the body of Christ, the priesthood, shall be united to their Head and begin their reign, they must first "suffer with him" in making the sacrifices, as we shall shortly see. `2 Tim. 2:12`.
Peter shows who were typified by the priests, when, addressing those who are sanctified, he says: (`1 Pet. 1:2` and `2:5,9`.) "Ye are...an holy priesthood to offer up sacrifices acceptable to God by Jesus Christ." "Ye are...a royal priesthood."
That the head or chief of this priesthood, this "little flock," is Jesus, is repeatedly mentioned by the apostles. We give but one quotation: "Holy brethren (the Royal Priesthood) partakers of the Heavenly calling, consider the apostle and High Priest of our profession, Christ Jesus. `Heb. 3:1`.
As we now pass to the consideration of the inauguration of the typical priesthood, we notice that the tribe of the Levites (typical of believers or the Justified) existed for a long time before the Priesthood was instituted. So in the antitype, the "Royal Priesthood" began with the anointing of Jesus the High Priest (at baptism, `Luke 3:22`; `Acts 10:38`.) but believers, justified by faith in Christ, had lived long before that. For instance-- Abraham believed God, and was justified by his faith. (`Rom. 4:2,3`.) Though even the type had not yet come in his day, yet Abraham as a justified believer was a member of the "household of faith," typified by the Levites. But none of the "Royal Priesthood" were selected until after the Chief or High Priest of this order was first initiated and installed in office; since then the initiation and installment of the under priests has been the special work of this Christian dispensation. Thus, the priests now being installed and now sacrificing, are being prepared as God's instruments for the blessing of the world.
THE PRIESTHOOD.
THEIR ANOINTING AND CONSECRATION.
In this ceremony, as in every other, relating to the ordination and work of the priesthood, it will be well to notice that Jesus was the first--the Leader, Captain, Forerunner--teaching clearly that none preceded him, hence that none of the Patriarchs or Prophets are of the "little flock," "the royal priesthood," "the Bride, the Lamb's wife." Though they will be greatly blessed as the Lord's servants, their service will not be so grandly high as that of the priests, nor their honor so great; though, as represented in the Levites, both their service and honor are great. "The narrow way to life" (Immortality) was not opened up until Jesus came. He was the first to walk in it. He "brought life and immortality to light." (`2 Tim. 1:10`.) And though all believers (Levites) shall become possessors of everlasting life, and the world (Israel) also, if they will accept it--during the Millennial age; yet, only the priesthood, who overcome and follow their Leader in the narrow way to life--sacrificing the human--thus seeking Glory, Honor and Immortality, will ever become the possessors of that unlimited degree of life called Immortality, as yet possessed only by Jehovah and our Lord Jesus. (See "Food for Thinking Christians," page 134, "The narrow way to life.")
Under the Law, the ANOINTING was the ceremony by which the Priests were installed in God's service. The Priests were anointed to their office with a peculiar ointment, called the Holy Anointing Oil, used upon none but the Priests, and unlawful for any one else to have or to make. (`Exod. 30:25-33`.) This oil typified the Holy Spirit of adoption whereby we the real, "Royal Priesthood" are sealed. Only the consecrated ones are ever to be anointed thus. Aaron, the typical High Priest, represented Jesus the head, and the church, as members of the body of the great High Priest. Being but a sinful man like others, he had to be washed in order to fitly represent the purity of the antitype. Aaron was then clothed with the holy garments of "glory and beauty," (`Exod. 28`.) and then the anointing oil was poured on his head. Each article of this glorious apparel was typical of qualities and powers of the Great Deliverer --head and body, which Jehovah discerned looking down into the future to the time for "the manifestation of the Sons of God," and the fulfillment in them of his promises.
THE HIGH PRIEST IN GARMENTS OF TYPICAL "GLORY AND BEAUTY."
And these are the garments...a breastplate, and an ephod, and an upper robe, and a broidered coat, a mitre and a girdle. `Exod. 28:4`.
The linen "coat" represented the High Priest's purity, while its embroidery showed the outgrowth of that character in works. The "mitre," a strip of fine linen, (typical of righteousness) worn around the forehead, to which was fastened with a blue lacer, the golden plate or "crown" shows that the crown is righteously his. Upon the golden plate was inscribed, "Holiness to the Lord," thus proclaiming: This High Priest is entirely devoted to the accomplishment of Jehovah's purposes. The golden crown proclaims his royalty: He is to be "a priest upon his throne"--"a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek." (`Psa. 110:4`.) The linen "girdle" indicates a righteous servant; linen --righteousness; girdle--servitude.
The "upper robe," of blue, represents his faithfulness. The fringe of it was made of golden bells and pomegranates. The pomegranate, being a choice fruit, showed that the faithful performance of his work of sacrifice had borne rich fruit-- the redemption of the forfeited life of the human race. The golden bells signified that when the High Priest appears in glory and beauty, the fruit of the sacrificial work shall be made manifest to all --proclaimed to all the world, as in the type, the bells proclaimed it to all Israel. This is indicated by the close proximity; the bells drawing attention to the fruit.
The "ephod" was made of a cloth of purple, blue, scarlet, white and gold threads; interwoven skillfully and beautifully. It was of two parts, one hanging in front and the other over the back. These two parts were fastened together by two gold clasps which rested on the shoulders. This ephod, we believe, typified two covenants: the Abrahamic represented by the front part, and the New Covenant represented by the back part, both of which are thus shown to be dependent on this High Priest. They are laid on him; if he fails to support them they must fall to the ground. But, thank God, they are firmly clasped on him by the Gold clasps, (Divine power) as well as bound to him by the "Curious Girdle" --a cord made of the same materials as the ephod. This girdle seems to say, this is a servant; and as this is the girdle of the ephod it tells us that this one is-- "The messenger (servant) of the Covenant whom ye delight in." `Mal. 3:1`.
True the Abrahamic Covenant is partially fulfilled in the person of the High Priest--who is the Seed, the spiritual seed, which is to bless all. But as we have seen, the Abrahamic covenant has two phases; the heavenly, or spiritual seed, and the fleshly seed, the literal descendents of Abraham; the latter the only one recognized by Abraham, the spiritual being hid. During the Gospel Age the spiritual seed develops, becoming members of the body of the High Priest; growing up into the head. After this spiritual seed has been developed, then that phase of the covenant, understood by Abraham and all his descendants to this day, will be fulfilled; its fulfilment hangs on the great spiritual High Priest. So says Paul: "As concerning the Gospel [the spiritual part of the covenant] they [the literal seed] are enemies for your sakes; but as touching the election they are [still] beloved for the fathers' sakes. For the gifts and callings of God are not things he will repent of. For this is my covenant TO THEM. There shall come out of Zion [the spiritual] the deliverer, [this great High Priest, the servant of the Covenant --Jesus the head and the "little flock" his body] and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob. `Rom. 11:26-29`.
So then, after the body of Christ, the spiritual "seed" is complete, the Abrahamic covenant must have a fulfillment to the fleshly seed; that fleshly seed must become great "as the sand by the sea shore" as the heavenly seed is likened to "the stars of heaven." They must first be turned to righteousness and truth, and then become an agency through which the spiritual seed will operate, to bless all mankind with truth and knowledge.
Thus the earthly phase of the Abrahamic covenant is seen still to depend on and to be upheld by the Great High Priest, who is also the mediator of the "New Covenant" which Jesus sealed or ratified with his own blood, in which sacrifice, the members of his BODY have been privileged to join with him; and they will be also privileged to share with him in conferring upon mankind the blessings of that "New Covenant" when the day of sacrifice is ended and the reign of glory begins. (`Jer. 31:31`; `Ezek. 11:19` and `36:24`; `Rom. 11:27`.) This New Covenant is typified by the back part of the ephod.
The scarlet, blue, purple, etc., which composed the ephod, indicated the conditions of the covenant; the scarlet showed how God provides redemption from the Adamic curse through the blood of the ransom; the white linen indicated the restoration of man to his original purity; the blue vouchsafes to him the ability to faithfully maintain his righteous character; the purple proclaims the restoration of the royalty of earth as possessed by Adam, earth's first monarch. All of these blessings are woven together --made sure, by the Divine power of the anointed Priest, as shown by the interwoven thread of gold. That part of the Abrahamic covenant referring to the spiritual seed, is represented as complete in God's sight. They all, as God sees them, are born of the Spirit to the completeness of the Divine nature, represented in the person of the Priest. Thus Jehovah has laid all these covenants upon one who is both mighty and willing to execute these glorious covenanted blessings--"in due time."
The Breastplate of Judgment was placed on the front of the ephod. It was suspended by a gold chain from the clasps on the shoulder, and was fastened to the ephod by a lacer, through golden rings-- this fastening being so concealed underneath, that to the casual observer it might appear to be a part of the ephod. (`Exod. 28:26-28`.) This breast-plate represents beautifully the Law: It was not a part of the Abrahamic covenant (Ephod) but "it was added" to it. (`Gal. 3:19`.) As the
*The word spiritual in this text is omitted by the Sinaitic MS. with evident propriety, as not spiritual but human rights, privileges, life, etc., are sacrificed.
Israelite regarded them, not seeing the hidden connection, the covenant to Abraham and "the law which was 430 years after," were all one: But Paul shows us that there are two parts--two seeds--to this covenant: the spiritual, and the natural; and that the Covenant and the Law were distinct "to the end that the promise might be sure to all the seed; not to that only which is of the Law, but to that also which is of the Faith." `Rom. 4:16`.
This Law emblem (the Breast-plate) was one of the most beautiful of the High Priest's garments; it was made of the same materials as the ephod. It had in it, set in gold, twelve precious jewels, in which were engraved the names of the twelve tribes. It was bound on his heart, indicating that it was precious to him. As a "breast-plate of righteousness" it covered him. That which condemned all imperfect ones was his pleasure--"I delight to do thy will O my God; yea, thy law is within my heart." `Psa. 40:8`.
The breast-plate was two spans long and one wide, folded in the middle, i.e., a span long and a span wide double. The size, a span, indicates that the Law of God is the full measure of a perfect man's ability. Jesus, being perfect, was the only one who ever kept it fully, while his BODY has his righteousness imputed.
Its being double, of the same size and measure, represents the letter and the spirit of the law. The front part contained the jewels and was hung by the gold chain to the gold clasps of the ephod; the under part was fastened to the ephod. This latter, tied to the ephod (covenant) seems to represent the law in letter as presented to fleshly Israel. The former, or front part seems to illustrate the spirit of the law fulfilled in us, "who walk not after the flesh but after the spirit." (`Rom. 8:4`.) The two are really ONE when rightly seen, yet the front part only, bears the precious jewels. Pure gold being a symbol of divine things, the dependence of this part of the Law by a gold chain, from the gold clasps, seems to teach that the Law is kept by divine power; and so we know, it is by divine strength that we walk not after the flesh, but after the spirit. It is this phase of the Law which bears the "jewels" set in gold representative of the true Israel. "They shall be mine in the day that I come to make up my jewels." Thus embedded in gold (the divine nature) and upheld by the golden chain of divine promises, what wonder that "the righteousness of the law is fulfilled in us."
As Aaron stood there clothed in these typically glorious and beautiful robes and anointed with the holy oil, his head representing Jesus--the head of the priesthood, and his body representing the Church complete in him, how impressive his significance, as a type of the World's High Priest, undefiled, and clothed with power and authority to carry out Jehovah's covenants. We see the BODY again typified individually by the under priests who wore bonnets covering their own heads to indicate that they were not the head of the Priesthood, but members of his body. God gave Jesus "to be the head over all things to the church which is his body." `Eph. 1:22,23`.
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