Awake!, August 8, 1964

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THE REASON FOR THIS MAGAZINE

News sources that are able to keep you awake to the vital issues of our times must be unfettered by censorship and selfish interests. "Awake!" has no fetters. It recognizes facts, faces facts, is free to publish facts. It is not bound by political ties; it is unhampered by traditional creeds. This magazine keeps itself free, that it may speak freely to you. But it does not abuse its freedom. It maintains integrity to truth.

The viewpoint of "Awake!" is not narrow, but is international. "Awake!" has its own correspondents in scores of nations. Its articles are read in many lands, in many languages, by millions of persons.

In every issue "Awakel" presents vital topics on which you should be informed. It features penetrating articles on social conditions and offers sound counsel for meeting the problems of everyday life. Current news from every continent passes in quick review. Attention is focused on activities in the fields of government and commerce about which you should know. Straightforward discussions of religious issues alert you to matters of vital concern. Customs and people in many lands, the marvels of creation, practical sciences and points of human interest are all embraced in its coverage. "Awakel" provides wholesome, instructive reading for every member of the family.

"Awakel" pledges itself to righteous principles, to exposing hidden foes and subtle dangers, to championing freedom for all, to comforting mourners and strengthening those disheartened by the failures of a delinquent world, reflecting sure hope for the establishment of God's righteous new order in this generation.

Get acquainted with "Awake!" Keep awake by reading "Awake!"

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CONTENTS

Show Appreciation 3

Are Your Ways God's Ways? 5

Can Britain's Churches Revive? 8

A Yogi's "Illumination" 12

Keeping Cool In Summer Heat 13

Doctor Says: 'Use Your Legs' 16

A Tragic Sunday in Lima 17

Spanish Courts Overrule Religious

Intolerance 20

Solving the Thievery Problem 26

"Your Word Is Truth"

The Perfect Lord Made Perfect—How? 27

Watching the World 29

Volume XLV

Number 15

A GROUP of high school boys formed a club whose policy it was to aid people. They assisted stranded mptor-

APPRECIATION

ists by fixing flat tires, gave them gas if they unexpectedly ran out, and helped them in other ways. They took no money for their services. What did they ask in return? Only that the motorists write a 'thank you' letter for their club files.

What were the results? A young club spokesman said: "You know, to date we have received only two letters, although our club records show we have assisted over 150 motorists in the two years we've been organized." He said that he "guessed" that adults do not practice what they preach.

How discouraging this could be to the young! What a poor example for their elders to set, especially when they write and speak so much about delinquent youths! Think of it: only two letters for 150 good deeds! One wonders if even the two would have been sent had it not been suggested.

This shows the great need to express appreciation for kindnesses shown. Being ungrateful is unkind, rude, yes, downright mean and ugly. It discourages further kindness, at least toward the ungrateful one.

Jesus Christ once met a group of ungrateful persons. The Bible tells us about them: "As he was entering into

a certain village ten leprous men met him, but they stood up afar off. And they raised their voices and said: 'Jesus, Instructor, have mercy on us.' And when he got sight of them he said to them: 'Go and show yourselves to the priests.' Then as they were going off their cleansing occurred." Did these ten persons show Jesus their appreciation for being cleansed from such a loathsome disease? The record tells us: "One of them, when he saw he was healed, turned back, glorifying God with a loud voice." The other nine were ingrates. They did not bother to thank Jesus or God. —Luke 17:11-18.

God is not pleased by those who do not show appreciation. The Bible even tells us that this bad quality is one of the identifying marks of these "last days" in which we live. "But know this, that in the last days critical times hard to deal with will be here. For men will be lovers of themselves, . . . unthankful."—2 Tim. 3:1, 2.

While there are plenty of such ingrates in our time, there are those who do show appreciation. By showing appreciation they please those who perform kindnesses toward them and at the same time they please God.

How pleasant it is to hear words of gratitude from one to whom you have extended kindness! "Pleasant sayings are a honeycomb, sweet to the soul and a healing to the bones."—Prov. 16:24.

Even more pleasant than words of appreciation are acts of appreciation. "A man of faithful acts will get many blessings."

(Prov. 28:20) So showing appreciation should not be limited to what we say with our mouth. It should be made manifest also by what we do. A husband should not

Outside the family circle, are others always doing things for you? Are you a frequent guest in another's home, but that one is never a guest in your home? Not that kindness must be repaid deed for deed, penny for penny, for it is not a business transaction. Yet, it is proper to show appreciation by doing things for others who

c. Why the Lack of Christian Thinking?

Nonreaxoning Travelers but Remarkable Navigators.

When People Defy the Law.

o Not Yet Free.

take for granted the hard work of cooking, mending, ironing and cleaning that his wife does without ever showing his appreciation. Not only should he express gratitude with words, but he should show appreciation by what he does. How happy a wife will be when her husband takes her out to eat or assists with heavier household duties at times! So, too, the wife can show appreciation for her husband's hard work by taking note of his needs, by doing what he requests, and by becoming interested in what interests him so as to be a better companion. She shows appreciation by supporting him with words and deeds, not by competing with him or by belittling him in front of others.

Young ones in the family circle can show appreciation by doing their part. Young girls can set the table, assist with the dishes after meals, learn how to cook and clean. Young boys can help father with painting, repairing, cutting grass and other duties. Yes, youths need to show appreciation for the life that their parents have passed on to them, also for the food, shelter, clothing and other things with which they are being provided. Showing appreciation is the wise course. "A wise son is the one that makes a father rejoice."—Prov. 10:1.

have done things for us. We do not want to become parasites, always taking, never giving, as some religious orders in the world who always ask for food, clothing

and money but never render a single service in return.

It is not a great burden to show appreciation by doing things for others. Just the opposite is true. Jesus said: "There is more happiness in giving than there is in receiving." (Acts 20:35) You should give, of course, within your means. You are not expected to set a sumptuous meal for another when you yourself have very little to give to your own family. But even sharing a little at times is appreciated by a true friend as a token of kindness.

Sometimes one cannot show appreciation by a kind deed, due to being very old or sick. Perhaps one is very poor in this world's goods and does not have anything to give. But even in these cases one can show appreciation by cheerful oral expressions of gratitude, by a warm handshake or other gestures of affection.

No, do not be like those who disregarded the good deeds of those high school boys. Do not let yourself drift into ingratitude and be classified as an unthankful one, thereby fulfilling a Bible prophecy that stamps you as being unworthy to receive God's mercy when this system of things ends. By all means, show appreciation by word and deed!

NOT long ago the U.S. Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) said that it was the inherent right of a government to "lie to save itself." Nations of the East and the West, both nominal Christian and atheistic, frequently exercise this so-called right. They are often untruthful in dealing with one another and with their own people. Therefore, it is not surprising that their citizens also deal similarly with one another.

It is not unusual for businessmen to cheat their customers, landlords to deal unjustly with their tenants or individual citizens to pad their income-tax deductions. According to Dr. Milton Senn, director of Yale's Child Study Center: "Parents say, 'You cheat where you can, and you teach your child to be adept at this because this is the way the world is.'" "It is a dog-eat-dog world," is the excuse many

Even many religious organizations go along with the way of the world when it promises to benefit them. They consistently back up their respective governments in the dirt and mud-slinging of international politics. It is not surprising, therefore, that the common people imitate the ways of their leaders. Many persons determine right and wrong on the basis of expediency, their attitude being: "You go your way and

offer. But does this justify What are God's ways?

a dishonest course of action? Will you conform to them?

Merely because a way is popular and serves personal ends, does that make it right?

According to world leaders it does. In international politics a course of action is considered right if it serves the interests of the nation. The attitude in big business is similar. "We do anything to get business," one hotel man explained. "A competitor got a girl for a guy, and we lost the convention. I sit at home at night and realize they just outsmarted us." Such maneuvers are taken for granted in today's business world because the objective is obtained.

AUGUST 8,1964

I'll go mine and we'll both get to heaven at the same time." Right worship and right conduct are determined according to the choice and decision of the individual.

However, what is right in one's own eyes is not necessarily pleasing to God. Contrary to what many may believe, man is not the one who determines whether a way is right or wrong; God is. That is why His inspired Word the Bible says: "There exists a way

end of it afterward." (Prov. 14:12) So instead of relying on what man thinks is right, a wise person will seek to find out what God says is right. He will endeavor to conform his ways to God's ways.

God's Ways

The ways of God are different from those of sinful man. They are purer and loftier. For that reason God's Word urges: "Let the wicked man leave his way, and the harmful man his thoughts; and let him return to Jehovah, who will have mercy upon him, and to our God, for he will forgive in a large way.

'For the thoughts of you people are not my thoughts, nor are my ways your ways,' is the utterance of Jehovah. 'For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so my ways are higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts.'"—Isa. 55:6-9.

Unlike men, whose ways are so often influenced by the standards of those around them, God's ways are always consistent. "The ways of Jehovah are upright," his Word says. "For all his ways are justice. A God of faithfulness, with whom there is no injustice; righteous and upright is he."—Hos. 14:9; Deut. 32:4.

So that man would be acquainted with His superior ways and could conform to them, Jehovah God provided his written Word. Therein he has had recorded the standards by which he expects his people to conduct themselves. It is this inspired Word the Bible that serves as a directive to God-fearing men, enabling them to walk uprightly. By means of this Word the way to follow is pointed out as if a voice were saying: "This is the way. Walk in it, you people," in case you people should go to the right or in, "ase you should go to the left." —Isa, 30:21.

Today there is pressure on every hand to deviate from the way that Jehovah God outlines in his Word. The idea is promulgated that God's ways are out of date, that you cannot live according to Bible principles anymore. But this is not true. Just because government officials lie, businessmen deal unjustly and the people in general ignore Bible teachings, these things do not mean that God no longer requires obedience to his laws. He does. Failure to conform to His ways will not go unpunished.

When God's Ways Are Ignored

when they agreed to obey the famous Ten Commandments and the other laws that he gave them to keep. The eighth of those well-known commandments was, "You must not steal." God required obedience to this law. So when the Israelite, Achan, ignored it by taking a good-looking garment and some silver and gold that did not belong to him, he was punished with death for not following God's ways.—Ex. 20:15; Josh. 7:1-26.

Consider, for instance, the nation of Israel. Jehovah God took this nation of people into a special covenant with himself

Not only is outright stealing wrong, but dishonest methods are also displeasing to God. This is evidenced by what happened many years later to Elisha's servant Gehazi. Elisha had refused to accept payment from Naaman, whom he had healed of leprosy. So greedy Gehazi seized the opportunity to obtain the money for himself dishonestly. After Naaman departed, he chased after him, and claimed that, due to the arrival of friends, Elisha would like to have an outfit of clothes and some money for them. Naaman was glad to present the gift, and Gehazi took it for himself. Gehazi probably felt justified in what he did. But it was not God's way; it was dishonest, and Gehazi was severely punished.—2 Ki. 5:15-27.

After a while it was not only individual Israelites that ignored God's ways, but the majority of the nation turned from the pure worship of Jehovah God. "They built the high places of Baal," and made "their sons and their daughters pass through the fire to Molech, a thing," God said, "I did not command them, neither did it come up into my heart." No longer having faith in Jehovah, the Israelites looked to strong military powers for assistance in time of trouble, instead of trusting in God for support. The faithless Israelites evidently felt justified in doing this, figuring it to be the only practical thing to do.Jer. 32:35; Isa. 31:1.

It is common for humans to justify their own course of action, even as the Bible proverb says: "All the ways of a man are pure in his own eyes." (Prov. 16:2) Apparently this is how the Israelites felt, especially since the majority were pursuing this faithless course. But popularity did not make their way right; God did not change his requirements to satisfy the majority. No, but, rather, after repeatedly warning the people by means of his prophets, God punished the entire nation by allowing the Babylonians to come in and lead them off into captivity in 607 B.C.E.

The situation now is similar to what it was in the days of ancient Israel. "There is no truth nor loving-kindness nor knowledge of God in the land. There are the pronouncing of curses and practicing of deception and murdering and stealing and committing of adultery that have broken forth, and acts of bloodshed have touched other acts of bloodshed." The way the majority of people walk is not the way God directs.—Hos. 4:1, 2.

Even though men may not think that God is observing their conduct, his Word tells us: "His own eyes behold, his own beaming eyes examine the sons of men. Jehovah himself examines the righteous one as well as the wicked one, and anyone loving violence His soul certainly hates." Because of their wayward course, Jehovah promises that he will take action against evildoers. Those pursuing the way right in their own eyes, but not right according to God's Word, will soon be destroyed by God in his fast-approaching war of Armageddon.—Ps. 11:4, 5; Zeph. 3:8; Rev. 16:14-16.

Conform to God's Ways

How important it is, therefore, that you conform your ways to God's ways! To do this requires that your attitude be the

same as that expressed by the Bible psalmist: "Make me know your own ways, O Jehovah; teach me your own paths. Make me walk in your truth and teach me, for you are my God of salvation." This is a humble attitude, and having it means that you will recognize that "it does not belong to man who is walking even to direct his step." You will appreciate that you need the guidance and correction found in the ennobling counsel of the Bible.—Ps. 25:4, 5; Jer. 10:23.

Even the Son of God, Jesus Christ, at all times looked to his Father in heaven for direction. "I do nothing of my own initiative," he said; "but just as the Father taught me I speak these things." Jesus conformed his ways to God's. In order for you to do the same, you must follow the example he set. You must diligently study God's Word, and then deal with your fellowman according to its righteous principles. This certainly is not an easy thing to do in this cold, hardhearted world, but it can be done by those who have complete trust in God and his Word.—John 8:28.

The inspired Bible proverb stresses the need of reliance upon Jehovah God by saying: "Trust in Jehovah with all your heart and do not lean upon your own understanding. In all your ways take notice of him, and he himself will make your paths straight." With this implicit trust in God, you will follow what he says in his Word regardless of what other persons may say or do. Even though every single person in your community should ridicule you for following God's ways, your determination will be that of the Bible psalmist: "Instruct me, O Jehovah, about your way. I shall walk in your truth... I will glorify your name to time indefinite." Yes, choose God's ways and make them yours!—Prov. 3:5, 6; Ps. 86:11, 12.

Can Britain's Churches Revive? By "Awakel" correspondent in Britain

THE English churches need a revival. They are not aflame with faith or overflowing with purposeful activity. They offend England not because they are too lively but because most of them seem to have been decaying over the last half-century," wrote the editor of the Student Christian Movement; and the statistics all support his conclusion. Britain's population has increased by twelve million in fifty years and two out of every three persons have been baptized into the Anglican Church, yet even the peak Easter season sees only one in seventeen in church. The Free Churches have also lost 25 percent of their members—half a million—in fifty years.

the present situation? One principal criticism is that the churches have been left behind by this swift era.

Just why is this? Is there no place for religion in twentieth-century Britain? Have the churches had their day and do they need discarding as irrelevant fossils, useful only as furniture warehouses, factories and auction rooms? Will clergymen soon be signing on at the employment exchange? Or can something be done about

Out of Touch

They have drifted into a backwater and find themselves becalmed. "Outmoded and outgrown," "unbearably dead" are epithets used in describing the churches. Often worshiping in medieval churches and using a basically 1662 prayer book, "their message appears to belong to a vanished age." Said the Bishop of Southwell, "We tend to live in a little churchy world, which has hardly any relation to the actual world, and the newly ordained clergyman feels uncomfortable when he wanders outside the fence and encounters people who talk and think . . . I am sure that the Church tomorrow will have to be brave enough to empty away an alarming amount of bathwater." The churches have often failed to grapple with the real problems, contenting themselves with perpetuating the old traditions in the old way. "We shall have to admit that we have no ready answers to the questions people ask because for so long we have insulated ourselves against their questions," is how the Dean of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, put it.

Many ways have been tried recently to modernize the church, to make it more attractive to the man in the street and give its message a realistic note.

Startling pulpit innovations, the introduction of jazz and swing music, gimmick church notice boards, and a modern passion play in Bristol are a few that can be named. Giving a new look to church buildings has been stressed and certainly Coventry Cathedral has set the pace, combining in its mosaics, tapestries, sculptures and architecture the best work of brilliant artists from many countries. Raised at a cost of £1,350,000 and completed in 1962, it was visited in one year by three and a half million people. In yet another direction, the new translation of part of The New English Bible has sold over five million copies, showing no lack of interest in the Bible's message. But do these things get to the heart of the problem?

When Billy Graham visited London recently a series of revival meetings was considered. But most churchmen feel this is not the answer, for few of the results shown during 1954 were lasting, and it was those already committed to the churches that were temporarily stirred. No, this does not seem to be the solution. Commented one church paper, "It is superficial in the extreme to believe that one Crusade or a series of Crusades can deal with the deficiencies in the religious situation in this or any other country."

It has been said that the churches are out of touch on the question of morals. A Roman Catholic doctor has openly questioned her church's teaching on birth control. The vexing problem of divorce is being reviewed by a commission under the chairmanship of the Bishop of Exeter. A group of Quakers caused a stir last year by a particularly forthright examination of sex problems. In their view "a distorted Christianity must bear some of the blame for the sexual disorders of society," and so they rejected "almost completely the traditional approach of the organised Christian church to morality." But many people rejected the Quaker attitude as too extreme; so where does the distortion of Christianity end, and to whom is the ordinary person to turn for guidance in moral matters when no acknowledged yardstick exists?

Is a United Church the Answer?

The spirit of church union is certainly abroad in Britain today. Discussions take place continually, between the Anglicans and the Presbyterians, between the Congregationalists and Presbyterians, and between churches in Wales. Even the Roman Catholic Church has made a few friendly overtures to the Church of Scotland.

Most discussed of all is the proposed merger between the Anglican and Methodist Churches. But many thorny problems call for an answer. If the Methodists join with the Church of England, will they still be able to maintain intercommunion with other Free Churches? Does the union mean that Methodist ministers would have to be recordained, something totally unacceptable to most, since it would imply that the present ordination is not valid? Is the suggested "Service of Reconciliation" intended to be so ambiguous that different parties of the two churches can read into it whatever meaning is desired?

Perhaps the need for Methodists to accept episcopacy poses one of the greatest problems. But how is episcopacy to be defined? The Bishop of Sheffield suggests that, while there will be liberty of interpretation on this question to suit all views, there would have to be limits to what is admissible. Yet many Methodists consider its acceptance only as a "matter of ecclesiastical convenience"; so perhaps interpretation does not matter anyway.

In 1965 both churches will vote on stage one of the union, and stage two—actual organic union—is planned to follow in later years.

Some indication of what might happen was hinted at when one-third of the twelve Methodists sharing in the discussions signed a dissenting report from the majority. In the Church of England thirty-nine Evangelicals sent an open letter to the bishops in similar vein, so if the union goes through, will a large section of the Methodist Church break away and continue Independent, and could this even happen in the Church of England? Previous unions have usually left a continuing residue.

But when all has been said, is union the answer anyway? In an article entitled "Why I Signed the Open Letter," J. L. Parker asks: "Who, after all, would prescribe marriage as a cure for two victims of pernicious anaemia? If both churches are weak in faith and life separately, they are not likely to gain strength by coming together." Something more than unity is needed.

Sunday Schools

Why not start revival with the children? Chop out the dead wood and look to the young shoots for new growth. Alas, there are fewer young shoots every year. The alarming drop in Sunday-school attendance is apparent in every denomination. In 1910 the Church of England counted three hundred attending out of every thousand children, but by 1959 this had dropped to less than half that figure. Alongside a published chart showing these statistics is the illuminating comment: "It appears that the decline in Sunday school attendance is inversely related to the increase in the number of motor cars."4

In a penetrating critique of both secular and Sunday-school education, Congregationalist Christopher Driver deplored the failure of the Free Churches to use their opportunities. It would be better to start by teaching the parents, he contended. Rather than encourage children to take up

the faith, religious instruction often confuses them and inoculates them against it. Even the teachers need instructing first themselves and are often the church's "least mature members." Better to have children and adults studying the Bible together in groups, preferably in each other's homes. "It follows," he concludes, "that Sunday schools, except for a few of the most professionally conducted ones, are not any longer an obvious direct means of gathering into the household of God young people who would not otherwise be there."2

Clergy and Laity

Would a larger number of clergymen bring about a revival? Would better conditions make the job economically attractive to young men and would it be possible to end the present uncertainty as to the purpose and function of the church in modern society? A special study has cast much light on these questions this year. It is the Paul Report on The Deployment and Payment of the Clergy. Among other things, it suggests that many clergymen seem more like registrars of births, deaths and marriages, or caretakers for a group of ancient buildings. Deployment is most uneven and the areas of greatest population density have the least care and are most frequently in a state of decay. The church is not really using the men it already has. Leslie Paul applies the parable of the talents to the church, with this difference—the church does not know what talents it is hiding.—Matt. 25:24-30.

Under the heading "Are Too Many Priests Wasting Their Time?" the Church Times of March 26, 1964, published some letters from unhappy clergymen, who were tired of sitting on committees, shaking hands, making small talk and drinking innumerable cups of tea with elderly parishioners. But this is the traditional image of the English parson, and how many of them will dare to break it?

Tradition dies hard, especially with the Englishman.

Even if clerical reforms are introduced, more and more churches are realizing that they have overlooked the laity for too long. Nor is it just because this would be a convenient source of manpower, but because a fresh look at the evidence convinces many churchmen that their tradition is wrong. In their book, God's Frozen People, the editor of Christian Comment, together with a Church of Scotland minister, points out that the early Christians had (1) no ecclesiastical buildings, (2) no clergy, (3) no theological colleges and (4) no official recognition. The ministry was a truly "lay" one, an "ordained non-professional" ministry. To bring revival there must be complete change here, back to the pattern of the first century.

"Honest to God"

Topping the list of the Sunday Telegraph's best sellers for 1963 the book Honest to God by the Bishop of Woolwich now has half a million copies in print. It caused one of the greatest controversies the Church of England has seen this century. Little wonder, for it seemed to many to take away all the foundations of Christianity. But its real purpose was to challenge the traditional image of God, the old man in the sky' idea, thought of just as a God 'out there,' part of a three-decker universe of heaven, earth and hell. With it must go, the bishop believes, the idea that Jesus looked like a man but was really "God dressed up—like Father Christmas . . . Indeed, the very word 'incarnation' (which, of course, is not a Biblical term) almost inevitably suggests it. It conjures up the idea of a divine substance being plunged in flesh and coated with it like chocolate or silver plating."8 Popular preaching "says simply that Jesus was God, in such a way that the terms 'Christ' and 'God' are interchangeable. But

nowhere in Biblical usage is this so." Explaining John 1:1, the bishop rejects both "the Word was the God" and "the Word was divine" as being Inaccurate translations. He explains Jesus' role as a "window into God at work" but points out that Jesus never claimed to be God personally.

Though there were cries for the bishop's resignation and shocked retorts from many quarters, a surprising number of church people welcomed the bishop's frankness. It set them thinking and helped them to speak out frankly as well. One reader confessed, "I have never been able to go to a church service without having a wild desire in the middle of the sermon and sometimes the lessons to stand up and start asking questions . . . as the years passed I just became more and more frustrated in my efforts to find God in church. It seemed to be the one and only place where I just couldn't get near to him at all."

The bishop is not alone in challenging traditional teachings. Dean of St. Pauls, W. R. Matthews, has attacked the Thirty-Nine Articles as being antiquated and contradictory. Instead of helping to build a dynamic faith the Articles are only a "positive hindrance," he said. "They obscure the teaching of the New Testament by getting it out of proportion." The Vice-Provost of Southwark Cathedral publicly protested against the Articles at his installation in May, 1963. He described them as "a theological fossil," and said the legally required assent to them was "a dishonest oath."

Back to the Bible

Beliefs, morals, Sunday schools, clergy and laity, unity, traditions—is there much else left untouched? So serious are the problems that many have given up hope. The Paul Report shows that large numbers of the clergy are spiritually sick, isolated, despairing, dull of faith and often left to stagnate.

Even the cheerful ones are rather like soldiers at the front line writing bright letters home to relatives to keep them from feeling uneasy. The Archbishop of Canterbury has called for African and Asian missionaries to come to England to convert it back to God. An editorial in Prism likened the situation to the parable of the lost sheep reversed; only one sheep is in the fold and the ninety-nine are lost. —Luke 15:3-7.

If it is too much to expect the churches to set their houses in order, do not let that make you lose hope and faith. The Bible provides the key you need. A frank and open meditation of its pages will answer your questions, quell your doubts and remove your fears. Seek fellowship with those who are not dull of faith, and who increase the talents entrusted to them by finding the "lost sheep." You know who they are, because they frequently call at

But if all these disheartening indications show how hard any revival for the churches in Britain will be, they do underline one point: Many of the present troubles have come because the Bible's teachings have been ignored. Consider the evidence reviewed in this article. The Thirty-Nine Articles obscure its teaching, Biblical usage of such terms as "Christ" and "God" is hidden by tradition, children and teachers suffer through lack of Bible study. The Bible places no emphasis on church buildings, separate clergy and theological colleges.

your home, Bible in hand, to talk to you about the kingdom of God. Why grope your way through dark clouds like those gathered on Britain's religious horizon when you can walk in the Bible's bright shaft of light? To walk in the Bible's light means life everlasting.

REFERENCES

1 The Honest to God Debate, D. L. Edwards, 1963, p. 13.

2 British Weekly, March 19, 1964.

s Towards a Quaker View of Sex, ed. by A, Heron, 1963, p. 39.

Facts and Figures About the Church of England, 1962, diagram XXIII.

4 Future for the First Chrysanthemum 1. C. Driess 1962

but, rather, on a living faith demonstrated in the lives of every single Christian. That is the faith that the churches in Britain have lost.

8 A Failure for the Free Church by C. DIEVER, 1962,

pp. 97, 162.

6 Honest to God, by J. A. T. Robinson, 1962, pp. 66. 67, 70, 71.

7 The Honest to God Debate—Some Readers' Letters, p. 57.

s The Thirty-Nine Articles, by W. R. Matthews, 1961, pp. 37, 23.

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When a yogi or some other practitioner of the "blank-mind" type of concentration reaches the goal of "Illumination," what does he receive? One yogi describes his first experience with gandhi or the state of "illumination."

perceptive. Through the back of my head I saw men strolling far down Rai Ghat Lane, and noticed also a white cow that was leisurely approaching. When she reached the open abram gate, I observed her as though with

nation": "My body became immovably rooted; breath was drawn out of my lungs. . . The flesh was as though dead, yet in my intense awareness I knew that never before had I been fully alive. My sense of identity was no longer narrowly confined to a body. . . The roots of plants and trees appeared through a dim transparency of the soil; I discerned the inward flow of their sap. The whole vicinity lay bare before me. My ordinary frontal vision was now changed to a vast spherical sight, simultaneously all-

ammini gaze. I observed her as though with my two physical eyes. After she had passed behind the brick wall of the courtyard, I saw her clearly still."—Autobiography of a Yogi, Yogananda, pp. 149, 150.

Thus the "Illumination" received in such ascetic and posture concentration exercises as yoga is largely a series of extrasensory impressions. This kind of ESP, which seems to impart a blissful feeling of living outside one's body, is obtained by the practice of spiritism. Such a practice is warned against in the Holy Bible.—Gal. 5:1921.

SUMMER heat waves, especially with high humidity, bring not only discomfort but some real problems.

"In many ways," says one doctor, "effects of heat and humidity are equivalent to strenuous exercise." For the unwary person, the effects of such involuntary "exercise," coupled with vigorous work, may be one of the several forms of heat illness, such as heat exhaustion and heatstroke. How can you lighten your load of heat stress? How can you keep cool

when the temperature soars and humidity is high?

If one could move to a cool climate or spend all his time in air-conditioned surrounding, that would solve the problem. But that is not possible for most persons. They must rely to a great extent on man's built-in air-conditioner.

Yes, the Creator gave man an airconditioning system—the various ways the body cools itself. One of these methods is the radiation of heat. On a torrid day the body diverts up to half its blood supply from the brain and other vital organs into blood vessels just beneath the skin. From here heat is carried through the skin and radiated into the air. The skin's disposing of heat much as a radiator gives it off accounts for about 70 percent of heat expelled by the body. We also throw off heat through common breathing, and, of course, we are cooled by sweating and evaporation. Water in the body is secreted to the outside of the skin through pores, where it is evaporated by air, giving a pleasant cooling sensation.

But when the temperature of the air about us gets near or above our body temperature (about 98.6\circF ), it is difficult for

the body to radiate excess heat into the air. And when humidity is also very heavy, even evaporation of moisture becomes difficult. Under these hot, muggy conditions it is important that we cooperate with our God-given air-conditioning system. This will help us keep cool.

Helping Our Air-conditioning System

One way we can cooperate with our built-in cooling system on those hot days is to drink sufficient water. Profuse sweating drains the body of water, so a good guarantee against heat exhaustion is to drink plenty of water. Usually thirst will indicate how much to drink. But there is also a built-in human measure of one's need for water-drinking, and that is the excretion of urine. Any drop in the usual quantity or deepening of the usual color shows that the person should be drinking more water. Since it is possible for a person to lose a gallon of water from the skin and the respiratory tract on a really hot day, it pays to drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration. And since the sweat glands are damaged and their effectiveness reduced by sunburn, it is doubly wise to take no chances on too much exposure to the sun.

Besides water, a great deal of salt can be lost by the body through perspiration. It is estimated that 15 grams (three teaspoonfuls) of salt is lost from the body during excessive perspiration. Weariness or hot-weather fatigue, heat cramps, heatstroke, or even death, can result if body salt is not restored. Some solve the problem by taking salt tablets; however, this is usually recommended only for those who perspire profusely, such as those who work in iron foundries, boiler rooms, laundries or in other very hot places. For most persons, body salt can be replenished in torrid weather simply by sprinkling a little extra salt on one's food. Also, salted nuts, potato chips, pretzels or other salty snacks could be included in lunch boxes. But if one is on a salt-restricted diet, he should check with a physician before adding salt to his food.

To help our God-given air-conditioning system to function properly there is something that we can avoid on the very hottest days, particularly at midday. This is eating heavy meals, especially those rich in fats. A heavy meal will increase body heat; it will draw blood to the digestive organs, diverting it from air-conditioning work. On the other hand, hot-weather eating should not be limited to just snacks or salads, since cutting down a great deal on food may not give one enough energy. Salads are not likely to be nutritious enough in relation to their bulk unless they are made up mostly of protein foods, such as eggs and cheese. Some persons avoid the after-meal logy feeling and find they sustain their energy better by eating small meals and having their meals more often during the hottest weather. Or it may be possible to eat small meals during the hot part of the day; and then in the evening eat a good but not overly rich dinner.

In cooperating with our built-in air conditioning, it is well to remember that in temperate climates the body has to practice sweating each year to become adept at it. Hence the first heat wave of the year may bring more discomfort than the same temperature later in the year, when perspiration flows more freely. If you are working, say, in your garden, do not try to do it all on the first hot day of the year. When heat waves strike, many persons find it better to do such work as mowing lawns in early morning or at twilight, rather than during midday. If you must work hard in the sun or in an extremely hot location, especially when the humidity is high, pay heed to how you feel. Do not ignore warning signals of heat exhaustion or heat-strokes, such as nausea, dizziness, headache and faintness and blurring of vision. If one ignores warning signs and succumbs to heat illness, unfortunately, he usually will be more susceptible to heat illness in the future.

Still another way to cooperate with your built-in air conditioning is to wear absorbent, loose-fitting clothing. Tight-fitting, nonporous clothing does not permit free circulation of air, but clothing that is light and loose fitting encourages evaporation of moisture from the skin. With regard to color of clothing, it is true that dark colors, especially black, absorb heat from the sun and that light-colored clothing reflects solar heat. Though colors often will not make much difference, women who wear black on the hottest days do add to their heat stress.

Other Aids to Keeping Cool and Fit

Fatigued persons are more likely to succumb to heat illness than those who are well rested. So try to get enough sleep. Some doctors even suggest an extra hour of sleep during hot weather.

But in certain climates it may not be easy to sleep at night, especially if high temperatures persist along with high humidity. In such weather many persons find that they sleep better and more coolly on semi-firm mattresses than on soft ones.

Also helpful is an electric fan. Since air in motion cools your body, the electric fan is a valuable help. A word of caution, however, about the use of electric fans. Some find that if a direct breeze blows continuously on them they will get the sniffles or a cold. They find it best to direct the fan toward the wall so that the direct breeze does not chill them. An oscillating fan is helpful in preventing continued direct drafts. If you prefer, a fan can be used to pull cool night air into a bedroom by placing the fan about three feet from an open window, facing out. Then open another window or door so that there is circulation and the warm air is pushed out.

Some keep cool by taking advantage of the night breezes, especially by sleeping on a screened porch on the hottest nights. But they may get the summer sniffles unless they put a folding screen around the bed, allowing the air to circulate but keeping the breeze off.

On some occasions it may get so hot and oppressively sticky that we feel the need to cool off in some way. Some like to take an icy-cold shower or bath. Though this is cooling, it is followed by an afterglow, reflecting the body's production of heat to compensate for the cold. A shower or bath in slightly warm water will have longer-lasting cooling benefits.

It is not always convenient to take a bath, of course, but there are other things that can be done. One method of cooling off is to dampen two face cloths in cold water. Wring out the excess water. Put them in plastic bags and then into the refrigerator. When they are chilled, take one and apply it to your brow. Let the other keep cold. When the one on your forehead gets warm, put it into the refrigerator and take out the cold one, so keeping a cool forehead.

If you are really warm and feel oppressed, one of the most effective things you can do is to run cold water over your wrists or immerse your hands and forearms in a bowl of cool water. A piece of ice held to one's wrist helps similarly. In one research test, a number of persons were kept in a hot room with the temperature at 105\circ and humidity at 75 percent. The subjects felt wretchedly miserable. Then they were allowed to keep one hand and forearm in water (at 59\circ) and they felt quite comfortable for long periods of time. Such tests indicate that it is vastly more cooling to submerge hand and forearm in water now and then than it is to fan one's face or to lie motionless in the heat.

The same tests revealed, in fact, that doing nothing or just lying in bed in a hot and humid environment not only is an ineffective way to keep cool but it may increase the body's heat burden.

Many persons find it helps them to keep cool if they can keep their feet cool. They know that in the winter if their feet get chilled, they feel cold all over. So in the summer they reverse the process, and instead of keeping the feet warm, they keep them as cool as possible. Each person will have to find his own way to cool feet. One way, of course, is to wear loosely woven shoes that allow air to reach the feet better.

Sometimes to get relief from oppressive heat waves, it may be desirable to go to a cooler place. A beach or park or lake may be fine. Then again, if one has a basement room, it will likely be the coolest place in the house and one could retreat there.

Since it is not always practical to go somewhere, one may be able to keep one's house relatively cool. Window shades might be pulled down on the sunny side. Light-colored ones are more effective than dark ones. When the house is cool and air on the outside is hot, the windows and doors could be kept closed, but upstairs windows should be kept open to allow warm air to escape.

Keep the use of electric lights to a minimum.

Some persons make an elementary airconditioner by putting a pan of ice cubes in front of an electric fan; the pan may be covered with leaves or flowers for appearance' sake.

Yes, appearance can help you feel cool, and there are some things you might want to do in this regard. Surround yourself as much as possible with blue-green colors; perhaps a touch of cool color in drapery or rugs. White, lacy curtains help you feel cool. Some persons seem cooler when they have a picture of a snow scene in the living room during the summer.

Air Conditioning

The most ideal way of keeping cool is by means of air conditioning, the use of machines that not only cool, the air but dry the air. On a very humid day one may feel heat-bedraggled, listless and bored even by things naturally of interest; mental tasks become burdensome. Studies have shown that it takes 50 percent more energy to work in a room at 90 degrees than in one within the limits of 68 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Professor John Watt of the University of Texas has collected statistics on air conditioning and worker productivity. In every case he found that output goes up from 22 to 28 percent for factory workers and from 20 to 50 percent for office workers with air conditioning.

Thus air conditioning is increasing in popularity not only for the comfort it brings but also because it promotes productivity.

Air conditioning is particularly valuable for heart patients. Reports indicate that on a hot sunny day the heart must work 57 percent harder outdoors in the shade than indoors in air-conditioned comfort.

Some persons, however, feel too cold with air conditioning. For them the remedy is a simple one: Keep the air-conditioner at only about 10 degrees below the outside temperature. During the hottest weather it is wise to keep the air-conditioner on all the time unless one is gone for a weekend. It can be left on at low power. The machine has to work harder to bring the temperature down than to keep it at a lower level once it is there.

Those who have air-conditioners do well to make certain the air filter is clean. A dirty filter can cause the loss of as much as 50 percent in efficiency.

So there are various ways to keep cool during summer heat. Be alert to cooperate with your built-in air-conditioner. Also, you will feel better doing something than doing nothing. And since tempers tend to fray easily in the heat, be on guard to keep calm. To become irritable and heated up emotionally about sticky weather only makes the situation worse.

If you feel hot right now, why not try cooling your hands and wrists in water. And while you are at it, take a drink of cool water. It is an easy way to counteract the summer heat.

DOCTOR SAYS: USE YOUR LEGS

Heart specialist Dr. Paul Dudley White, in a recent article, writes that exercise may help young men avoid heart attacks later on in life, adding: "Such use of our muscles, especially those of the legs, which make up about forty percent of our body weight and are meant to be used, aids the circulation physiologically in pumping blood up to our hearts against gravity, the valves in our veins preventing the blood from flowing the wrong way. This is incidentally helpful in supplying an optimal oxygenation of the cells of our brains."—The Atlantic, October, 1963.

A Tragic Sunday in

THE big clock in the National Stadium in Lima, Peru, showed 5:30. It was Sunday afternoon, May 24, and the big soccer game between Peru and Argentina had six minutes to go in the second half. The stands were packed with about 50,000 keyed-up

and excited fans, for the winning team would have a good chance of going to the Olympic games in Tokyo. The score was 1 to 0 in favor of Argentina. Peru had the ball and was dangerously close to the Argentina goalposts. A lightning fast play was made and the ball shot between the two posts and into the net. A shout of "goal" was heard from all parts of the stadium as the frenzied crowd acclaimed the tying score.

But wait! The referee was frantically blowing his whistle! A hush came over the crowd to hear the decision. Then a cry of foul was heard as the referee proclaimed the Peruvian player out of bounds, thus annulling the play. The Peruvian fans burst out with thunderous boos and whistles, voicing their disapproval.

At this point one of the excited fans climbed onto the field and ran toward the referee with the ostensible purpose of showing his disapproval with more than mere words. The police stopped his belligerent advance. "I hate to see Peruvians lose," he exclaimed as the police escorted him off the field. "I don't know what happens to me. I get hot all over." At this moment another fan with heated-up emotions also made an attempt to get at the referee; the police handled him a little rougher. Then another. Soon it seemed to be degenerating into an invasion of the field by the spectators.

By "Awake!" correspondent in Peru

To repel the angry crowd advancing on the field, the police used tear gas bombs. In response, the fans on both sides of the field began hurling pop bottles and any other missiles they could lay hands on. The uproarous crowd speedily demolished a thin dividing wall of brick, the bricks serving as more ammunition in the fight. The angry crowd now ripped apart wooden benches. As the battle grew hotter from the stands, the police hurled gas bombs into the stands themselves. Then came the panic.

Stampede for the Exit

Choking with gas in throat and eyes, hundreds of men, women and children rushed toward the exits for safety. Alas, at this critical moment, many of the exit doors were closed. But the human stampede of crying, hysterical humanity crushed onward, nothing stopping it. Those who stumbled were trampled to death; those who fell over the dead bodies in their path were also crushed, so that in some places the corpses were six deep. The weight and pressure of the crowd at one closed exit forced the corrugated steel panel out of its moorings and freed some of the trapped ones but exacted a heavy toll of those who were in the vanguard of this human ramrod.

Thus what had seemed a gay and happy sports event turned into the worst sporting event tragedy known in history.

The official count: 328 dead, and well over 1,000 injured.

As the angry crowd boiled out of the stadium, some immediately began a campaign of vandalism, apparently in defiance of the police, whom they foolishly classified as their enemies. They smashed the windows of the stadium. They set fire to cars and buses. They stoned the mounted police. They broke into the office of the Goodyear Rubber Company, pillaged it and set it on fire for the reason that it happened to be in the path of the mob. According to the daily Expreso of May 26, about fifty buildings, homes, filling stations, offices and banks suffered heavy damage. The vandals had no regard for the innocent owners of cars, buses, houses or other property. Anything in the path of the vandals was destroyed.

All Sunday night confusion reigned in the various hospitals, first-aid stations and the public morgue of Lima as thousands tried to locate and identify their injured and dead.

No One Seemed Safe

Everyone in the stadium, it seemed, whether spectator, player, policeman or a mother with baby, was in the greatest danger. Everyone's life seemed threatened. The referee and players saved their lives by fleeing into a steel-doored dressing room. During the stampede for the exits, a woman knelt to pray with a baby in her arms; she and the baby were crushed to death under the feet of the panicky fans. A policeman off duty had gone to see the game wearing his uniform. At other times his uniform would command respect from the public, but not on this fatal Sunday. Enraged because of police action in throwing gas bombs, several fans, seeing the spectator in uniform, attacked the officer, overpowered him and choked him to death

with his own necktie. Another policeman tried to restore order in the upper stands; the crowd grabbed him by the arms and legs, swung him back and forth, and threw him to his death on the concrete fifty feet below.

Some of the fans had brought their whole family to the game as did one Fernando Zevallos, who brought his wife and five children. He ended up unconscious in the hospital, and when he came to he received the shocking news that his entire family had been wiped out in the horrendous stampede. Another man who lost his family said: "The people came at us like a wave in a bad sea."

Lima and all of Peru were shocked at the loss of life and property stemming from an apparently small and common event. Yet it was no unusual thing for the fans to protest heatedly over a referee's decision on a ball field.

Unruly Crowds at Many Sports Events

Peru is just one of many Latin- American countries that not infrequently have disorders and riots at sports events. Indeed, the New York Times of May 26, 1964, commented:

"The emotions roused by the consistent action of play, and compounded by nationalistic fervor, have led to rioting and death in the past, but never so severe as [at] Lima. . . Many of the elements that engendered that tragedy are present in all soccer games played on an international level. . . In many countries, where soccer is one of the few diversions and emotional releases for a . . . restless mass, the game takes on the proportion of a kind of controlled warfare. . . The fans disagree with an important decision, and a few of them erupt. A riot begins. . . The violent reactions of fans in South America has prompted the construction of special features in soccer stadiums. In Lima, a heavy iron door to the locker room probably saved the lives of the referee and players."

Unruly crowds at Italian sports events are not unusual either. In Italy last year one spectator was killed and eighty-nine fans injured after two soccer games played in Naples and Salerno. Last March the Griffith-Duran fight at the Rome Sports Palace was halted because the spectators screamed and hurled bottles into the ring.

And it was just this past June 17 that Reuters news service reported that in Athens, Greece, 25,000 soccer fans rioted. The game's score was tied at 1-1, and the fans thought the game was fixed. Disgruntled, the fans shouted "Peru! Peru!" Rioting erupted and the fans ripped up fences, surged across the field, destroyed furniture and smashed windows, setting fire to parts of the stadium. Damage was estimated at $28,000.

At sports events in various parts of Africa disorders break out from time to time. At Johannesburg, South Africa, in May this year, a goalkeeper was assaulted and a number of spectators injured when crowds invaded the fields at two African soccer matches. At Port Elizabeth last year, a rugby game riot sent twenty-six spectators to the hospital.

In the United States it is not uncommon for players to be attacked or to become the target of all kinds of missiles, such as beer bottles and cans. Some fans, of course, drink heavily and go somewhat wild. "The baseball players' great complaint today," reported The Saturday Evening Post, "is that they are being bombarded not with fruit alone but with all kinds of dangerous weapons." A high baseball official declared: "We cannot emphasize too much the potential harm that can come to players and spectators from thrown or propelled objects."

Disorders also break out from time to time at other sports events in the United States. At the Roosevelt Raceway, New York, in 1963, disgruntled horse players

battled police and attempted to set fire to the grandstand. Fifteen persons were injured; one man died of a heart attack. In California recently there was a split decision at the Ebihara-Torres fight; the fans hurled beer bottles, tin cans and other objects into the ring. Small fires were started. The fires were put out, but, as the Ring magazine put it, "the rioting waxed more and more torrid."

It is evident that rioting and unruliness at sports events are on the increase, just as is violence among mankind. This gives Christians food for thought. Certainly no true Christian would want to be found among those who indulge in rioting, vandalism and violence, resulting in bloodshed and bloodguilt.

One may, of course, determine beforehand not to riot or practice any violence but simply to be a spectator. Yet many are the peaceful spectators who have been injured or killed! By reason of finding himself immersed in a sea of fans accustomed to give in to violence when they disagree with a decision, the mere spectator may find himself in the middle of a riot or missile barrage. No one wants to bring his family to a sports event and the next day bury his wife and children. Who, then, would be showing wisdom to bring his family to a place where some kind of "controlled warfare" may go on? Why put oneself on a potential battlefield? If a Christian lives in a country where people are known to riot at sports events, would it be displaying soundness of mind to surround oneself with a crowd unable to restrain their emotions?

The sober fact is that as nationalism, competition, racial strife and violence reach new peaks, the true Christian will consider the circumstances, giving second thought to the matter, before seeking recreation amid a seething mass of sports fans who are not governed by godly principles.

Spanish Courts

"CUPREME COURT Absolves

'Jehovah's Witness.' The headline announcing the news in Ya (Now), Madrid's Catholic daily, of May 7, 1964, brought untold joy to thousands of Jehovah's witnesses in Spain as well as to all lovers of freedom and religious liberty. The fact that there are Spanish officials who are not afraid to stand up for justice even when dealing with a religious minority will surely have a favorable effect on Spain's reputation far beyond its national borders.

On March 2, 1964, the Court held a public hearing before a packed courtroom of some two hundred persons representing several nations, to consider the case of José Orzaez Ramírez, convicted of "the crime of illegal association" by the provincial court of Las Palmas, Great Canary Island, and decided:

…