Awake!, March 8, 1963
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Determining Your Most Vital Needs
PAGE’ S/r
Working Wives and Mothers
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Wonder Vessels of the Sea
PAGE,12-'
What’s in a Name?
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MARCH 8. 1963
THE MISSION OF THIS JOURNAL
News sources that are able to keep you awake to the vital issues m *w times must be unfettered by censorship and selfish interests, "Awoke!" has no fetters. It recognizes facts, faces facts, is free to publish facts. It is not bound by political ambitions or obligations; it is unhampered by advertisers whose toes must not be trodden on; it is unprejudiced by traditional creeds. This journal keeps itself free that it may speak freely to you. But it does not abuse its freedom. It maintains integrity to truth.
"Awake!" uses the regular news channels, but is not dependent on them. Its own correspondents ore on all continents, in scores of notions. From the four corners of the earth their uncensored, on-the-scenes reports come to you through these columns. This journal’s viewpoint is not narrow, but is international. It is read in many nations, in many languages, by persons of all ages. Through its pages many fields of knowledge pass in review—government, commerce, religion, history, geography, science, social conditions, natural wonders—why, its coverage is as broad as the earth and as high as the heavens.
"Awake!" pledges itself to righteous principles, to exposing hidden foes and subtle dangers, to championing freedom for all, to comforting mourners ond strengthening those disheartened by the failures of a delinquent world, reflecting sure hope for the establishment of a righteous New World.
Get acquainted with "Awake!" Keep awake by reading "Awake!"
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CONTENTS
Are They Really Getting Away with It? 3
Determining Your Most Vital Needs
Belief Inconsequential
Working Wives and Mothers
Solution to Food Shortage
Wonder Vessels of the Sea
Lone Wanderer of the Ice Kingdom
The Moroccan Constitution
What’s in a Name?
A Religious Nation Without
Religious People
Distance- con q uerin g C omm un i c ation s
Thyroid Medication
"Your Word Is Truth”
Jehovah, the Incomparable God
Watching the World
Volume XL|V London, England, March 8, 1963 Number 5
TODAY there arc ever so many people who seem to be getting away with it. Getting away with what? Getting away with violating God’s righteous principles and laws, with betraying a trust or with violating the laws of man.
Not that everyone seems to get away with it. At least, not all the time. Dictators such as Mussolini and Trujillo failed to get away with it, and such notorious criminals as Chessman and Eichmann got away with it only so long. Prisons in every land are filled with violators of the law who thought that they could get away with it.
Still, there are ever so many culprits, big and small, that seem to be getting away with it. Employees rob their employers of material goods, and they steal from them by loafing on the job. Businessmen cheat their customers by dishonest advertising and by short weights. Users of the highways disregard speed laws. Citizens cheat when it comes to paying taxes. God’s principles regarding sex are ridiculed and openly flouted. Judges accept bribes; politicians gain office by vote frauds. And in particular do worldwide crime syndicates
seem to get away with it, corrupting government officials and instilling fear in all who would oppose them, while they live in luxury.
All such seem to be getting away with it, but are they? No, they are not, and that for more than one good reason. In the first place, let us remember that “the Judge of all the earth” takes note of what is going on. “The eyes of Jehovah are in every place, keeping watch upon the bad ones and the good ones.” As Jesus Christ noted: “There is nothing covered over that will not become uncovered, and secret that will not become known.” His apostle Paul bears like testimony: “Certainly the one that is doing wrong will receive back what he wrongly did, and there is no partiality” with God. “The sins of some men are publicly manifest, leading directly to judgment, but as for other men their sins also become manifest later.” Yes, sooner or later God will take an accounting: “The very name of the wicked ones will rot,” and “the very lamp of wicked people will be extinguished.”—Gen. 18:25; Prov. 15: 3; Matt. 10:26; Col. 3:25; 1 Tim. 5:24; Prov. 10:7; 24:20.
Not that all those who seem to be getting away with it must wait for God’s judgment for an accounting. The violation of God’s laws brings with it its own retribution. No one has ever proved God a liar and no one ever will. His laws cannot be violated with impunity, “Do not be misled,’’ we are admonished, “God is not one to be mocked. For whatever a man is sowing, this he will also reap; because he who is sowing with a view to his flesh will reap corruption from his flesh, but he who is sowing with a view to the spirit will reap everlasting life from the spirit,’’—Gal. 6: 7, 8. '
How many have paid for overindulgence in food and drink by obesity, heart disease, liver or kidney ailments! And the evidence keeps mounting as to the terrible price cigarette smokers pay for the luxury of their petty vice. How many have paid for illicit sex relations with a life of shame, unmarried motherhood, venereal disease or divorce! Further, it is a known fact that perversions take a tremendous toll in loss of moral fiber and mental health, if not also in physical health, in keeping with the words of the apostle Paul that such will be “receiving in themselves the full recompense, which was due for their error.’’ Violators of speed laws too receive a recompense; many of them paying for speeding with their own lives.—Rom. 1:27.
The satisfaction of a clear conscience is also to be considered. To the extent that one keeps getting away with it, he becomes a hypocrite, he loses his self-respect. Is it worth it? Or he loses sleep because of a guilty conscience, like the guilty tax evaders who afterward anonymously send money to the government to find peace of mind. Recently a highly respected professional man in an eastern United States city was found dead in his office together with the wife of another man. They had been unfaithful to their own mates and chose suicide as the way out. Yes, many may seem to be getting away with it, but who knows what they may tie suffering because of a guilty conscience? So are they getting away with it?
In view of all the foregoing, how fitting the Scriptural counsel: “Do not show yourself heated up because of the evildoers. Do not be envious of those doing unrighteousness. For like grass they will speedily wither, and like green new grass they will fade away.” Not that it is wrong to feel righteous indignation at wrongdoing; righteous Lot did. But do not chafe, do not feel frustrated by others’ getting away with it. Do not let it unduly disturb you or make you bitter; do not envy those who think they are getting away with it and, above aii, do not find fault with God for permitting it. “Trust in Jehovah . . . and rely upon him,” for in his due time “he himself wil] act.” —Ps. 37:1-5; 2 Pet. 2:7, 8.
Yes, as a lover of righteousness take comfort in the words of Solomon found at Ecclesiastes 8:11-13: “Because sentence against a bad work has not been executed speedily, that is why the heart of the sons of men has become fully set in them to do bad. Although a sinner may be doing bad a hundred times and continuing a long time as he pleases, yet I am also aware that it will turn out well with those fearing the true God, because they were in fear of him. But it will not turn out well at all with the wicked one, neither will he prolong his days that are like a shadow, because he is not in fear of God.”
So be wise! Do not deceive yourself that you can get away with violating God's principles and laws. Do not become envious of those who apparently are getting away with it, deceiving themselves, for actually they are not getting away with it!
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WHAT are the most important things lo you, ahove all else in life? Answers to this question may be widely varied, but it is well known that among the things most sought for are wealth, a good name and health. Just how important are these things?
H/’se View of Wealth
The usefulness and advantages of wealth cannot be denied. Though many have contended that money is the root of all evil, this is incorrect and a misapplication of the Bible verse at 1 Timothy 6:10, which, according to the King James version of the Bible, reads: “The love of money is the root of all evil.” Used with the proper motive, money can serve useful ends. The wise man Solomon verifies this at Ecclesiastes 7:12 in stating: “Money is for a protection.”
Unless we are isolated to the extent that it is necessary to be entirely self-supporting, it would be impossible to take care of the feeding, clothing and housing of ourselves and our families without money. In many ways we are also dependent on services that could not be provided without the use of money. Money purchases facilities such as piped water, cabled light and heat, transport, the communication of ideas to us by paper and radio waves, and all the labor involved in these conveniences.
Useful as money is, we should take care not to fall under its control. The amount of wealth possessed is not the issue. Those having few of this ivorld’s goods can let most?
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the love of money ruin them just as wealthy ones can. The apostle Paul states, at 1 Timothy 6:9: “Those who are determined to be rich fall into temptation and a snare and many senseless and hurtful desires.” Those who have acquired wealth are cautioned “not to be high-minded, and to rest their hope, not on uncertain riches, hut on God, who furnishes us all things richly for our enjoyment.”—-1 Tim. 6:17.
So be sure that your1 money serves you, that it remains under your control. Seeking after it should not crowd out the spiritual interests that are so necessary for all members of the family. Spiritual feeding is vital for us as well as material provisions, for as Jesus himself said: “Man must live, not on bread alone, but on every utterance coming forth through Jehovah’s mouth.”—Matt. 4:4.
Jesus applied his counsel by showing contentment with just the necessities for his material welfare, while giving first place to the service of God, freely using his time for the upbuilding of others with the spiritual truths from his Father’s Word. His was the perfect example for God-seeking men, women and children to follow. The well-balanced person will follow Jesus' words: “Stop storing up for yourselves treasures upon the earth, where moth and rust consume, and where thieves break in and steal. For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.” —Matt. 6:19, 21.
A Name That Will Endure
We are socially inclined by nature, so the desire for a good name in the community is natural. It is proper to want a good reputation. As stated at Proverbs 22:1: “A name is to be chosen rather than abundant riches; favor is better than even silver and gold.” Christians are particularly concerned with maintaining proper conduct so that their way of life will honor the name of God. They give the matter attention, not only in public, but also at home. Upbuilding and unselfish relations within the family lead to good relations with one’s neighbors. At a time when there is so much immorality and dishonesty the family trained in Christian conduct stands out as a shining example Of purity as a result of applying Bible principles. We are admonished at Colossians 3:5-10; “Deaden, therefore, your body members that are upon the earth as respects fornication, uncleanness, sexual appetite, hurtful desire, and covetousness ... put them all away from you, wrath, anger, injuriousness, abusive speech, and obscene talk out of your mouth. Do not be lying to one another. Strip off the old personality with its practices, and clothe yourselves with the new personality.” Such course of action produces a good name, not merely a standing with the community, but, most important, with God.
In the process of acquiring a good standing with the community care must be taken to watch one’s motive. Is there a tendency to push ahead of others in a spirit of competition by living beyond one’s means or seeking to make a misleading impression? The apostle Paul warns: “Let us not become egotistical, stirring up competition with one another, envying one another.”—Gal. 5:26,
If in the gaining of a high social standing with men there is the danger of turning away from a course of Christian integrity, then it would be wise to follow the course of Moses. Of him we read: “By faith Moses, when grown up, refused to be called the son of the daughter of Pharaoh, choosing to be ill-treated with the people of God rather than to have the temporary enjoyment of sin, because he esteemed the reproach of the Christ as riches greater than the treasures of Egypt.” (Heb. 11: 24-26) Moses’ faithful course put him in line for a place in God’s everlasting new world, and that same reward is open for all who make a name for faithful service to God as he did.
Proper Health Care
Good health is also essential, for without it wealth, social status and any other pursuits in life would be in vain. It is necessary therefore to take good care of our bodies, making sure they receive sufficient nourishment, rest, and health care. At the same time we ought to avoid becoming faddists or extreme in any way. Jesus established a Scriptural principle in saying: “Never be anxious and say, ‘What are we to eat?’ or, ‘What are we to drink?’ ” “Who of you by being anxious can add one cubit to his life span?” (Matt. 6:31, 27) This has proved true, for with all the health aids that have been produced, good health continues to be elusive and death continues to take its toll. So it is good to be reasonable on matters of health, not going to an extreme, but using proper care so that our bodies can be used to God’s praise, showing appreciation to him for the gift of life and the hope of a new world free from the ravages of sickness and death.
Even more important than physical health is your spiritual health. This is to be gained by taking in knowledge of God’s purposes and putting faith in them, so meriting favor and approval. The resultant joy leads not only to happiness and peace of mind, but even to an improvement in physical health. Proverbs 17:22 reads: "A heart that is joyful does good as a curer, but a spirit that is stricken makes the bones dry.” A happy heart springing from a contented mind is considered by many doctors to be the best kind of medicine. On the other hand, a person in a state of grief may not respond even to the best of medical care. A Christian father, therefore, ought to give serious consideration to the healthful words of God and lead his family in regular study of the Bible. Trained in such good things, each member of the family will be enabled to show concern for the upbuilding of all so that as a unit they will thrive spiritually. Take to heart the sound counsel recorded at Proverbs 3:1-8: “My son, my law do not forget, and my commandments may your heart observe, because length of days and years of life and peace will he added to you. . . . Fear Jehovah and turn away from bad. May it become a healing to your navel and a refreshment to your bones.” So, important as the care for physical health is, God’s Word shows that spiritual health is more so.
Needs Thai Are Really Vital
Then how should we view money, one’s name and health? Considering them purely from the human standpoint, they are not to be treated lightly. They can be used to good advantage. However, wealth can vanish overnight, as has been the bitter experience of whole nations. A good name, if made according to the standards of men, can lose its value when another ruler comes into power. Health can suddenly collapse as a result of epidemic or serious accident. At best, if one can successfully hold on to any or all of these things, they can be enjoyed for only a few short years until death comes.
Now viewing these things—riches, a good name and health—-but this time from a spiritual standpoint, having God in mind above our own interests, we can see them as being among the things that are most important to us. For example, with reference to riches the apostle Paul wrote: “Be rich in fine works, ... be liberal, ready to share, safely treasuring up ... a fine foundation for the future, in order that [you] may get a firm hold on the real life.” (1 Tim. 6:18, 19) Likewise, having a good name with God builds up merit with him and hope of future life: “A name is better than good oil, and the day of death than the day of one’s being born.” (Eccl. 7:1) Such a name is certain of preservation. And as for the benefits of spiritual health, Solomon advises: “My son, to my words do pay attention . . . Keep them in the midst of your heart. For they are life to those finding them and health to all their flesh.”—Prov. 4:20-22.
God has wonderful blessings in store for those having such spiritual interests at heart. By putting these important things foremost in your life, may you be found pleasing to him and gain the privilege of serving him in the endless new world of righteousness now near at hand.
Belief Inconsequential
During May of last year the United Presbyterian General Assembly ruled that New Jersey minister John Harwood Hicks could retain his ministerial post even though be did not believe in the virgin birth of Jesus Christ. The general assembly thereby reversed the ruling of the New Jersey Synod’s judical commission, which had barred Hicks from membership in the New Brunswick Presbytery because of his denying Scriptural teachings.
IVES and ‘ mothers are -
not strangers to u H
work. From the be- Av
ginning they have shouldered a great * load of it, to the blessing of the human race. Today they are taking on more work than ever, but in a revolutionary pattern. Once upon a time they made their contribution to mankind’s welfare largely by hard work around the home or farm.
That began to change for many women when the Industrial Revolution opened the door to outside employment. World Wars I and II increased the flow of women into factories, while the large number of men killed in battle created a manpower shortage still felt in many parts of the world. Today more and more women from middleincome families are entering the labor pool. Newly married women and mothers who have raised their children are finding reasons to work. In some places there is hardly a job that women will not tackle. The entrance of millions of women, including wives and mothers, into the work force has created a sbcial and economic revolution of great importance.
The “experts” are not sure yet whether this revolution is for evil or for mankind’s good. One thing no one can doubt: It is very popular. In Russia, 40 percent of all industrial workers and one-third of the construction workers are women. In the United States, in 1961, 24,199,000 women were employed outside the home, one-third having children under eighteen years. The scope of the revolution can be grasped by the fact that many countries of Europe as well as En-gland and the Americas have passed laws relating 1 to day care for the chil-f. JoZ dren of working mothers.
J But what has led so many women from the home into paid employment? The manpower
shortage is not the only reason.
Many married women work out of sheer economic necessity, occasioned by separation, divorce, desertion or the death of their husbands. Some men arc physically or psychologically unfitted to hold a job. Others have only seasonal work. For many wives, outside employment means financial independence or freedom from boredom, frustration or loneliness. It may answer a craving for adult associations or fulfill a desire to put special talents to work. Working wives often use their pay to help retire a mortgage, buy a second car, support elderly parents, further the husband’s vocational training or give the children music lessons. Sometimes modern advertising creates desires for luxuries that the husband’s income would not cover. Or the tension of our times may induce wives to get a job in an effort to forget, their troubles. These are common reasons why an ever-increasing numher of wives and mothers are taking outside jobs.
Profit and Loss
The returns from this investment of womanpower are of no little importance. Working wives and mothers have helped to raise the general standard of living. They have reduced the burden of welfare payments by becoming self-supporting. Many women have gained a new sense of security, plus the benefit of paid vacations, group insurance rates and retirement checks. Many families are enjoying extra comforts that would not have come to them without mother’s earnings. Nevertheless, even from the economic standpoint the gains have not been without substantial losses.
The wife who goes out to work may have to spend a considerable sum on such things as carfare, lunches, work clothes, coffee breaks, union dues, office collections and hired care for her children. If she relies more on prepared foods, the family food bill will go up. Her earnings may put her and her husband in a higher incometax bracket. These are some of the reasons why some couples say, “No matter how much we earn, we just break even.” Harder to tabulate are the social costs.
Researchers are still trying to learn the possible effects of this womanpower revolution on marriages and children. It is conceivable that a wife’s income may lessen the economic pressure on a marriage and improve it. On the other hand, if the husband resents the competition from his wife’s breadwinner role, if the children respect him less and the wife’s fatigue leads to frequent quarreling, the family could come apart.
There are judges on the bench who feel that working mothers have helped to destroy the spirit of the home. They blame absentee mothers for much of the rise in juvenile delinquency. Defenders of the working mother say the problem is not solved by staying at home. Many delinquents come from homes where mothers do no outside work; and many working mothers have raised exemplary sons and daughters. But certainly a mother at home is in a better position to train her children if she is inclined to do so.
There is also a question as to how much harm is done to mothers who work but worry about their children while they are doing it. The existence of day-care nurseries does not completely solve this problem. In the first place, it is extremely difficult to find any substitute for a young child’s natural mother. It is true that in some cases the nursery may provide better food and supervision than the child would receive at home. In other cases discipline may be neglected or the child may become withdrawn. There is the added danger that mingling with many youngsters will spread infectious disease. These possibilities add to mother's worry.
The Big Decision
From all indications the demand for married women to work will continue to increase. More goods and services will be required to satisfy the growing population and the demand for a higher standard of living.
More and more wives will be asking the question: Shall I go to work or not?
Necessity will not dictate the answer in every case. At least it should not. Probably many working wives could spare themselves the burden of taking outside work if they were better trained at managing household funds. Their government or local library may be able to furnish them with literature on how to budget money and make it go farther. Sometimes loan organizations publish similar aids. For example, money can be saved by avoiding installment buying, getting life insurance through a mutual company, using better shopping techniques and installing storm windows to save on fuel bills. Money saved is money earned.
Some married women will answer the question by a compromise: part-timework. Business firms are becoming more and more aware that therein lies the answer to their worker shortage. Two mothers could work a half day each on the same job. (Maybe they could care for each other’s children in the bargain.) Perhaps, like the model woman in the Bible, more women will make products at home for sale. (Prov. 31:24) Supplemental income can be earned at home by specialty cooking and baking, typing, candy-making, minding children, bookkeeping or operating a private “shirt hospital.” For some the answer will be to take in a roomer.
In many cases there will be no compromise solution unless public assistance is made available. A large number of mothers have to go to work to support themselves and their children. The problem, then, is to see that youngsters get adequate substitute care. Perhaps there is a relative who can give you a hand. One mother with a youngster to support found it convenient to work an evening shift when her baby was small. When the child began school, mother changed to a day shift—and raised a lovely daughter.
Mothers who have to work outside their home should not become discouraged. Teach your children that you work because you love them and want them to have good food and warm clothes. Take the optimistic view that their association with a caretaker or other youngsters during the day will be an opportunity for their personality to grow as they see how other adults do things and learn to get along with people.
If you make private arrangements for child care, try to get a caretaker whose interests, motives and attitudes are similar to yours. Give the caretaker authority to discipline your children, but come to an understanding as to the basis and manner of that discipline so that your tots are not confused. Remember, it is not only the quantity of time you spend with your children that counts, but also the quality of your association with them. Work for a warm, understanding and affectionate relationship. Do not give them the impression that you are too busy or too tired to hear their problems and daily experiences. On the other hand, do not sacrifice good discipline in an attempt to “make up” for your enforced absence. As they get older, give them responsibilities around the house as your helper. Let them feel that you are working together in the business of living and keeping a comfortable home. Never forget that it is the love you give them, not the luxuries, that will mean your success as a working mother. Above all, make time in your busy schedule to read the Bible and pray together. This is your greatest defense against failure and theirs as well.
Husband and Wife
Circumstances or an unjust economic system may require that wives with husbands take outside work. Many men in all parts of the world do not make an adequate wage. (Jas. 5:4) But the Christian wife who has to work out should not misinterpret her work agreement as a substitute for her marriage contract. Though holding an outside job, she will not forget her wifely duties and position at home, that God’s Word may not be spoken of abusively.—Titus 2:5.
Christian husbands of working wives will want to show them more than the usual consideration in view of their added burden. A wife that works out and rushes home to prepare a hot meal for you and the children deserves your fullest cooperation and appreciation. Show it by helping with the children and household chores. You can show her love by consulting her before inviting relatives and friends to dinner or for an evening get-together. Her busy life and energy limitations may require that the invitation be postponed until a more convenient time.
If you are laid off the job for some reason, such as a strike or seasonal employment, there is no need to discourage your working wife by studiously avoiding other work, and especially work that needs to be done around the house. You are still the rightful family provider and it is important that you set a fine example for your wife and children. (1 Tim. 5:8) Take care that your working wife does not become overly fatigued from lack of relaxation. If she is too tired to benefit from meetings of the Christian congregation and family Bible discussion, she may become sick spiritually. This possibility should be taken into consideration when deciding whether your wife should take an outside job or not.
COMING IN THE NEXT ISSUE
• The Family Peacemaker—Do You Use It?
• Our Marvelous Eyes-
• South of Buenoa Aires.
• Is Yoga Something for Christiane?
• From Cotton to Clothing.
This decision is one that deserves careful deliberation by husband and wife. Is it needs or wants that make you even consider it? Will your wife’s job help your marriage or hinder it? Will additional income solve your economic problem or would better management of present income do just as well? Will the anticipated benefits of outside work make the step worthwhile or will it create other disadvantages that offset the gain? If some outside work is necessary, does it have to be a full-time job or will part-time work do, allowing more time for the children? These are some of the important questions worthy of consideration by married women and their husbands.
SOLUTION TO FOOD SHORTAGE
“Scientists have estimated that the world marine food production of more than 80 billion pounds annually could be increased to 500 billion pounds without upsetting the balance of life in the teeming ocean waters. From the billions of pounds of fish wasted by the U.S. alone each year, enough fish flour could be produced to solve present world food problems. . , .
“Just the unharvested U.S. fish, made into fish flour, could produce enough animal protein to supplement the deficient diets of one billion people for 300 days at a cost of less than one-half cent per person per day. Yet two billion of the total three billion persons In the world are badly undernourished and millions die of starvation annually.”—Science News Letter tor August 11, 1962.
ON Friday, March 23, 1962, the harbor at Yorktown, Virginia, was lined with excited people. They were there to get a glimpse of a graceful queen, the N.S. Savannah, As she appeared in dazzling white, they thrilled at the ease of her motion and the grace of her lines. She is majestic in grandeur and graceful in beauty. She is an exciting ship—all 595.5 feet of her.
The N.S. Savannah (the “N.S." stands for Nuclear Ship) is the world's first nuclear-powered merchant vessel to be launched. She cost the United States government almost $47,000,000. There is none quite like her. She moves without smoke or stack. She has fins like a whale that keep her from rolling. When the fins are needed, a gyroscopic brain sends them out, and they steady the ship. As much as 90 percent of the ship's roll is eliminated by their stabilizing effect. When their work is through, the flippers fold back into ready-made sockets. The ship speeds on.
The Savannah’s noiseless powerplant is another sight to behold. Tt emits an eerie greenish light. The power of her plant is as frightful to contemplate as her light is to see. With just a little more than a teaspoonful of her fuel—uranium 235—the Savannah can move her 20,000 tons for three days through heavy seas at top speed. In fact, she can cruise for 300,000 nautical miles at twenty knots or more for three and a half years, or fourteen times around the world, before needing to refuel. At the end of that journey she will have consumed only 110 pounds of uranium 235 —less than a lovely queen among men might weigh. Even Savannah’s atomic ashes are worth their weight in gold in the form of radioisotopes.
The N.S. Savannah is a wonder in other ways too. She is ultramodern from stem to stern. Her trim lines conceal a capacity for 10,000 tons of cargo. In addition to a crew of 124, she can accommodate sixty passengeis in spacious, comfortable cabins. She is equipped with a hospital, a swimming pool, a promenade deck, elevators, colored television, air conditioning, a dance floor, a beauty salon, a novelty shop and library. AH of this can he enjoyed on board the Savannah in an exhaustless and practically vibrationless peace.
But. who will ride her? Will anyone, for fear of radioactivity? One official stated that “there's a filing cabinet full of applications from people who want to be passengers aboard. They don’t know where she’ll go, and they don’t care. They just-want to ride in a nuclear ship.’’ So the N.S. Savannah seems well on her way to success.
The Old Savannah
The old S.S. (Steam Ship) Savannah, after which the atom-powered Savannah was named, had a start not nearly as bright. She was dubbed “Fickett’s Steam Coffin” after the builder, Francis Fickett. She was only 98.5 feet long by twenty-six in the beam—much smaller than many tugs today. It was difficult to get men to sail her, because they feared she would blow up. No passengers had the courage to ride her on her maiden voyage; not even the owner’s wife would chance it.
On May 22, 1819, almost 150 years ago, the S.S. Savannah’s ninety-horsepower steam engine was started. It sputtered and hissed and billowed clouds of black smoke into the air. Scoffers laughed. Some men ran for water buckets. They thought she was on fire. Others hurried out of the way, thinking she was about to explode. But soon her detachable iron paddle wheels began to turn and the S.S. Savannah began to move out to sea on her first transatlantic journey. Few people seeing her believed that she would ever make it. Her boilers used uncondensed seawater that made it necessary to stop the engine periodically to chip out the accumulated salt. When her engine was stopped, sails were hoisted. During rough seas her paddles were removed and brought inboard to keep them from damage. She had only one hundred hours of fuel supply on hand. She chugged along at five knots an hour. In twenty-nine days the Atlantic was crossed, to the amazement of all. The S.S. Savannah proved one thing: that steam was safe to live with and could be harnessed safely to serve the needs of men on the open sea. This fact made her significant.
The N.S. Savannah is out to blaze another trail. She must prove to the world that nuclear power is reliable and safe to live with. She must arouse the world to make ready for a new era of nuclear power. “The more passengers we carry, the quicker folks will appreciate there is much to gain and nothing to fear from the peaceable atom,” said John Robb, the chief of construction of the Savannah for the Atomic Energy Commission. “The most important job of the Savannah is to break down political, legal, and psychological barriers to use of nuclear energy. We want her to show the world that the atom can be put to work at sea like any other source of power. To do this she will have to go where the Savannahs of the future will take them. She has to point the way for economical ships to follow. She isn’t just the first model off the production line; she’s a trail blazer.”
Other Trailblazers
Man’s desire to travel over and under the sea, no doubt, is as old as his wish to fly. The proverb writer said that “the way of a ship in the heart of the sea” wTas one of the things in life too wonderful for him. (Prov. 30:19) It must have been just as fascinating for others from very early times, for we read about ships in the very first book of the Bible—Genesis. The Scriptures also tell us about the ships of Tarshish and Kittim, and about King Solomon’s navy of ships. Huge fleets went out of Egypt down the Red Sea, across to the Sinai Peninsula, and up the Syrian coast, seeking tin and copper ores, gold, silver, precious stones, perfumes, spices, peacocks and apes and other exotic luxuries to grace the persons and homes of the noble classes. Some of these early expeditions comprised as many as forty ships, which indicates that there may have been thousands of smaller vessels at that time.—Gen. 49:13; 1 Ki. 9:26; 10:11, 22; 22:48; 2 Chron. 9: 21; Dan. 11:30.
The Chinese were among the first to subdivide the hulls of their ships into numerous, self-contained compartments. Such subdivisions were not used in Europe until the nineteenth century; yet at the end of the thirteenth century Marco Polo could write of the Chinese: “Moreover the larger of their vessels have some thirteen compartments.” Elsewhere he wrote: “These ships you must know are of fir timber. They have but one deck though each of them contains some fifty to sixty cabins wherein the merchants abide greatly at tfieir ease, every man having one to himself.” This was the beginning of the passenger ship.
But it was only a little more than a century ago, on July 4, 1840, that the Britannia sailed on her maiden voyage to forge a link between America and Europe and provide the first regular mail and passenger service across the Atlantic. It took the Britannia seventeen days to cross. She promised safety and punctuality through storm and calm.
After her came such famous-name ships as the Mauretania, the Normandie, the Bremen, Rex, Europa, Roma, the Empress of Asia, the Viceroy of India and others. The ravages of war have claimed most of these. The Axis powers entered World War II with sixteen liners; only four survived. Two of the world’s largest passenger liners, the Queen Mary and the Queen Elizabeth, survived the war without mishap.
The Queens of the Atlantic
During the hazardous World War II years, the Queens raced across the North Atlantic in defiance of Hitler’s strict submarine blockade. They carried almost 1,500,000 personnel, representing almost one hundred complete divisions. The Queen Elizabeth, weighing 83,673 gross tons, is larger, heavier and faster than any battleship. She is 1,031 feet in length, 118 feet wide and measures 234 feet from keel to topmast. She is forty-seven feet longer than the Eiffel Tower in Paris is high. And her sister ship, the Queen Mary, is only eleven feet shorter than she.
The Queen Mary can carry 1,995 passengers, while the Queen Elizabeth accommodates 2,314. Over 1,200 personnel are required to man each ship. The Queen Elizabeth has thirty-five public rooms, comprising spacious lounges, smoking rooms, dancing salons, restaurants, including a theater seating 338 persons. Her deck space is greater in area than two and a half football fields. There is even a special exercise deck for dogs.
These Queens are virtual giantesses. It would take forty miles of freight cars to carry the weight of one of them. The Queen Elizabeth’s rudder alone weighs 140 tons, equal to the tonnage of the Mayflower, yet it guides her with ease, which reminds us of the words of the disciple James: “Look! Even boats, although they are so big and are driven by hard winds, are steered by a very small rudder to where the inclination of the man at the helm wishes. So, too, the tongue is.”—Jas. 3:4,5.
Each of the four propellers of the Queen Mary weighs thirty-five tons and measures twenty feet from tip to tip. Yet they are so delicately balanced that they can be turned by a touch of the hand. Each anchor of the Queens weighs sixteen tons, equal to the weight of twelve average-size automobiles. Each anchor has attached to it 165 fathoms (990 feet) of cable chain, whose links are two feet long and whose total weight is 225 tons. No watch chain this!
The main engines of each of the Queens generate approximately 200,000 horsepower, equal to that of fifty modern passenger locomotives. The forward funnel of each of the Queens is large enough to allow three modern locomotives, placed abreast, to pass through. The height of the Queen Mary from the keel to the top of the forward funnel is eighteen feet greater than that of Niagara Falls. Thirty tons of paint are required each time the Queen Elizabeth’s exterior is painted. She has some 30,000 electric lights and 4,000 miles of wiring. Her four turbogenerators deliver enough electrical energy to meet the lighting and public service needs of a city of 150,000 people, such as New Haven, Connecticut. Her refrigeration plant would meet the refrigerating requirements of 15,000 average homes. Some of the staple foods carried on-one round-trip voyage include 4,400 quarts of ice cream, thirty-five tons of meat, 176,000 eggs, 1,200 pounds of coffee, six tons of fresh fish, thirty tons of potatoes, 25,000 pounds of poultry, 30,000 pounds of fresh vegetables, six tons of sugar and over two tons of butter, to name a few items.
The Queens cross the Atlantic in less than four days. The only passenger ship faster is the United States, which has set a world speed record of 3 days, 10 hours, 40 minutes. This averages about forty-one miles an hour. That may not sound fast in this day of supersonic travel, but if we were to imagine seeing the whole Pennsylvania Station in New York city racing down the street at forty miles an hour, that would be something! Well, these ships are every bit that size. And the future holds even more surprises.
Future Ships of the Sea
Even as it was once hard to envision ships without sails, oars or stacks, so today it is difficult to think of ships as vessels that can fly over water, hover over land or sea, that are submersible and inflatable. Yet such has become the case. The Amphritite, for example, is the world’s largest inflatable ship. It is a unique ship, sixty-five feet long and twenty-nine feet wide. All told the ship weighs only six tons. No component of the ship except the engines is too heavy for one man to lift. A five-man crew can assemble and launch her without mechanical power. She is believed to be practically unsinkable. She was made to serve as tender and carrier for undersea exploration vessels.
The hydrofoil ship is another wonder of the sea. It is a hundred-ton, twin-hulled vessel that can skim over the surface of the water at one hundred miles an hour carrying forty-six tons of cargo. These ships are designed to be free from pitching and heaving even in the roughest seas. Actually, the 100-lon hydro-skimmer, as it is sometimes called, is designed to fly over water, hover over land and water, climb beaches or ramps and settle at will in water or on dry land.
Nuclear-powered submarines, too, have become wonders. They have crossed the Atlantic both ways submerged. The - S.S. Triton, world’s largest atom-powered submarine, was submerged during nearly all of its 30,708-mile voyage around the globe. By adding new sounding devices and by equipping them with thick glass panes, submarines someday may be used for oceanographic studies. A new-type submarine is expected to descend three miles into the depths of the ocean sometime in 1963. Conventional submarines have never dared go down that far.
Scientists tell us that we are about to witness an era when man with his beanshaped machines will rise from the floor of the ocean, fly through the far reaches of space and return to earth, his home. For though the sea and the sky beckon him, man still by nature is a land lover. And why should he not be? Is he not “of the earth, earthy”?—1 Cor. 15:47, AV.
Lone Wanderer of tine Ice Kingdom
TVO little boys playing in the snow skidded cheerfully over the ice and pressed their boots merrily into snow heaps. One exclaimed, “I wish I were a polar bear so I could walk and walk all winter on the ice and snow and never get cold.”
He had learned well his lesson in school, because the lone wanderer of the Arctic, the polar bear, travels expertly, though unaccompanied, through snowbound stretches and icy wastes with built-in heating equipment that prevents his freezing or succumbing to the cold.
While the entire body of the polar bear is insulated by its fur and protected by a complex internal readjustment, the legs are exposed to a greater degree than the rest of the body and the feet are in constant, direct connection with a cover of snow or ice. Why don’t they freeze? Because his feet are built to maintain poor circulation. Combined with slight insulation, this helps to check or reduce heat loss to the surroundings. If his feet were too warm, the snow clinging to the hairs of the feet would melt and freeze. It would then form an ice cover, which would reduce insulation and cause him to freeze, with fatal results. On the other hand, his feet must not be so cold that the interior temperature is below the freezing point. Then his blood circulation would stop and the legs would be frostbitten, becoming stiff and finally breaking. Mr. Polar Bear has been marvelously equipped by the Creator.
All this carefully devised mechanism added to the layer of fat that
the bear accumulates in the fall makes him master of his surroundings, the leading tourist of the Arctic world. Open before him are enchanting vistas and a wealth of rare experiences shared only by his fellow Arctic animals and by a few courageous men who accept the ice challenge to seek out knowledge of this Arctic king.
Aggressive Hunter
Restless, suspicious and aggressive, Mr. Polar Bear often turns the tables on man's hunting parties and does a little chasing of his own. His extraordinary sense of smell, his curiosity about any object, his formidable appetite, and an uncanny speed on ice sometimes take him on a chase after some human wanderer.
In 1960, on northern Ellesmere Island, Ralph Lenton heard this story: At the radio station one of the men was out for a walk about a mile from the camp when he came across a bear. He dropped an article of clothing to distract the animal and retreated toward camp. By discarding a series of articles of clothing he arrived safely in camp out of breath and in his underclothes. It was the bear’s curiosity about each piece of clothing that enabled the man to have extra time for his escape. Why the need for extra time? Because the polar bear is speedy on land, even in soft snow, because of his snowshoe-like paws. Even an exceptional runner would have trouble escaping him.
Lenton was grateful for this knowledge of the polar bear when, in August, he found himself attending to a tide gauge station in the Arctic. He was living alone in a tent about eleven miles from the main camp, when one morning he sat on a small lump of ice watching pink-footed geese in an open water space close by. Just then a hungry polar bear arrived, apparently interested in having a feast.
The bear's curiosity held him long enough for Lenton to remember the story and he threw his binoculars away from his tent to distract the bear. “In that split second before I beat it lor the tent and my rifle I saw him head for the binoculars. I don’t think I have ever been so fast even when at school—it was only a matter of seconds before I had the rifle out of its case and was outdoors again to find the bear just behind the tent standing in his curious way waving his head from side to side and making low growling noises. It was my intention not to shoot him unless he showed aggressiveness. He did and I had to kill him.’’
When Lenton later examined the bear's stomach, it was empty, except for bits of seal. “I guess I could have been his next meal.’’
Lenton’s protective spirit in refusing to kill the hear until absolutely necessary is reflected only in a limited way in national and international arrangements established for the protection and preservation of polar bears. Some hunters have wantonly killed as many as one hundred bears a year, often in the summer when the skin has no value except for footwear or leather. Only the winter skin is worth anything, for rugs or other purposes. In Canada and Greenland the bears are protected and it is unlawful to kill them unless it is- done in self-defense. In the above-mentioned experience, if the killing had been unjustified, the narrator could have been fined up to $1,000 and a year’s imprisonment. These two countries allow only the Eskimos to kill bear.
Seal for Dinner
Seal, and especially the ringed seal, is the food most likely to be found in any polar bear's stomach. When seals are scarce, however, he will also eat plants and even some emergency foods such as rope ends. His predilection for the ringed seal is the reason that the polar bear primarily haunts the ice along the coasts, the firm ice near land, as well as the drift ice farther out to sea. This constant search makes him the greatest wanderer among Arctic mammals. He probably visits the North Pole, wandering over the enormous ice field of the polar sea. He has been observed on ice as far as the 88th parallel. These hazardous trips have made it difficult for expeditions to follow and acquire knowledge of his ways, so much so that explorers today still leave for the Arctic searching for answers to many questions about this cautious wanderer of the ice floes.
In following the seals, the bear’s weight of almost a ton will not impede his progress or success as a hunter. With a tiger’s suppleness and the stealth of a Sherlock Holmes, the polar bear will approach his prey and capably seize his lunch. Able to sniff out a blowhole, he will break the ice with sharp claws until the hole is big enough to get his paw down. With patience, he sits and waits until the seal's head emerges. Then, “clump!”—a blow on the head and the seal dies instantly. Who can guess the strength of the bear? He never takes time to enlarge the hole to draw up the seal with ease. Grasping the head with his teeth and claws, he forces up the animal through the small opening, causing its ribs to break and crushing the pelvis before the seal is on the ice. Then he starts his meal.
Once a polar bear was seen sitting on the snow, trying to catch low-flying snow buntings with his front paws. The birds dove by in reckless abandon, enjoying the game, but measuring carefully their actions. As they sped by, the bear clapped his paws together and looked disappointed when he opened them and found them empty.
Fierce Determination
That the bear is an animal to be carefully considered is seen in the mother bear’s ferocity when protecting her young. The mother keeps the cubs in a sheltered place for about two or three months. It takes about nine days before the cubs open their eyes, and they are hairless when born. You will see her raise the cubs to her loins to keep them from freezing. To move them to other quarters, she carries them in her mouth. When the male bears follow her tracks to snatch the cubs to devour them, she attacks at once. Following a terrible struggle, the male is usually defeated. She takes the cubs out to sea on drift ice, where they are secure from the attacks of wolves, and she suckles and trains them for two years. At the end of two years the family bonds begin to loosen.
When the grown bear finds himself on his own in the winter, he burrows underground in sandy or gravelly riverbanks in very dry regions, where it is possible for him to burrow at the early part of winter. A poor conductor, the snow prevents the higher temperature of the burrow from escaping to the outside. Sometimes the bear walks about on the ground until he finds a favored spot where he senses snow will pile up on him and will lay down, curled up with his nose buried in his paw. Patiently he waits for the snow to cover him like a blanket.
A bear’s struggle to cope with his native surroundings should discourage cruel and reckless hunting. Needless killing has nevertheless stalked the wanderer’s footsteps, and skills have been developed to trap and demolish the brave polar bear.
In one type of pursuit, the hunter cuts loose his fastest dog, which reaches the bear and climbs on his back. The bear tries to slap at the yelping dog; the hunter hears and releases two more dogs, and so on, until the hunter reaches his victim. Sometimes the bear escapes to an ice hammock or iceherg where the dogs cannot reach him and sails off in victory.
Hunter or hunted, the wandering bear copes with his loneliness, avoiding clashes with his kind, maintaining fearlessness and a humorous quality as occasion allows. A caribou hunter had occasion to taste of the bear’s fearlessness and love for humorous display. He saw a yellow spot in the distance on ice about three miles off. When the yellow spot disappeared he surmised that the bear had lain down behind an ice cake. Drawing closer, the hunter studied his surroundings with field glasses from a high spot, then clambered down holding his rifle. Hearing a noise behind him, he turned and saw a polar bear about twenty feet away and almost above him. Had the bear attacked immediately, we would not be reading the story because, according to the hunter, an ancient Greek fable explains that lions (or bears) do not write books.
It seems that the hunter had passed the bear by about one hundred yards, while the animal was following his tracks by smelling them from a distance. The bear was hunting the man, who was not troubling to look behind him. As the bear prepared for attack, he stopped suddenly to view his victim in triumph from his perch, gloating at his seeming superiority. The man was quick to seize the opportunity.
Marvelously equipped to conquer and enjoy the splendid blue-white realm, the polar bear is indeed a lone wanderer of the ice kingdom.
Til MOKOCCAM
By “AwnM” convtpondcnt In Moracco J
EVEN years alter her independence from 5 France was gained, Morocco has at last 5 received a constitution stating the rights £
of her citizens and how the government will c function. 5
Such a constitution was first conceived by 5 the king of the independence, His late Maj- £ esty Mohammed V. Now, under the rule and £ at the hand of his successor son King Hassen 5 II, the constitution has become a reality. The J world is interested in seeing how this new- £ born, independent country is developing and J what this new constitution will mean to its 4 citizens. Since Morocco has a king, is her £ government an absolute monarchy, or is It 5 a democracy? Freedom lovers desire to know £ what the rights of the people are, and if these £ are guaranteed by the constitution. Let us £ see the answers to these and other questions. 5
As stated by the first article of the consti- £ tutlon, “Morocco is a constitutional, democrat- £ ic, social monarchy.” An examination of the 5 constitution itself will tell us what this means. 5 The king is the sovereign by heredity. He 2 is therefore not voted into office and there 5 Is no termination of his rule until his death. > The kingship stays in his lineage. In reading £ the articles applying to the king and his £ powers, we find that he appoints and dis- 5 misses all ministers of the government. He £ can dissolve the chamber of representatives £ and dismiss its members. He has the power £ to propose laws. The sovereign has the right £ to bring controversies in the government or £ the parliament before the people to decide 5 by public referendum. Thus the king Is in £ fact the chief executive. However, his mon- £ archy is not absolute and the constitution 5 prevents it from becoming such. £
The democratic aspect of the government £ is seen in the power of the people in the £ referendum. Democracy is evident also in that £ the members of the chamber of represent a- 5 tives are voted into office by general election. £ Whereas members of this chamber can be £ dismissed by the king, members of the cham- £ ber of counselors, who are also voted into 5
CCNfTITLTICM
office, and who with the chamber of representatives make up the parliament, cannot be dismissed by the king. From this short discussion, we can see that the new constitution of Morocco does not provide for an absolute monarchy nor for a pure democracy, but is, rather, a compromise between the two.
Even more important than the structure of the government are the liberty and the rights of its people. What are the rights of the people as guaranteed by the constitution? The constitution assures equality of all citizens before the law. All have the right to travel to and to live in any part of the country. The freedom of opinion and of all forms of expression is guaranteed. Along with freedom of opinion and expression, the ninth article of the constitution guarantees the freedom of assembly. The constitution guarantees that the home is not to be violated and that the mail is uncensored. Article thirteen declares that all have equal rights of education and work. The citizen has the right to belong to the labor union or political party of his choice. He is also guaranteed the right to strike. He may own property.
On the religious question, the sixth article of the constitution says; “Islam is the religion of the state, which guarantees to all the free practice of religion.” Abdelhadi BoUtaleb, a secretary of state, said, in commenting on this article, that Islam Is anchored in the hearts and minds of the people, but that the constitution “recognizes explicitly complete freedom of religion.” Mohammed Berrada, writing in the book La Pens&e (published by the Ministry of State in charge of Islamic affairs), says that the sixth article “guarantees to the Inhabitants of the country the free practice of religion, thus permitting citizens to practice their own religion absolutely without constraint or pressure.” On the other hand, it should be mentioned that article nineteen of the constitution says that the king, as “Commander of the Believers,” "sees that Islam is respected.”
The new constitution guarantees many human rights. It Is a step forward in Moroccan history.
NAMES are everywhere. No matter where you go you see and hear them. You, like three billion other humans on earth, have one and you doubtless know hundreds of others. But how much do you know about names themselves, their origin, history, what they mean, and why they are important? Just one name can mean the difference between being lost in a large city or not. Some names can open doors, while others close them. The right name can bring a bank loan, obtain an important permit, or put information in a newspaper, on the radio or TV. A mere name can set people to trembling, striking fear in their hearts, while another can wreathe their faces with smiles of joy and pleasant anticipation. Yes, there is more to a name than meets the eye.
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