Awake!, December 22, 1962

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Something Finer than Christmas

PAGE 5

Get the Most for Your Money

PAGE 13

Fingerprints That Are Only Yours

PAGE 17

Trace Elements and Human Life

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DECEMBER 22, 1962

THE MISSION OF THIS JOURNAt

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CONTENTS

Pride or Love—Take Your Pick

Toys in Church

Something Finer than Christmas

Nature’s Hardy Hitchhiker—

Mr. Bedbug

Who Is Responsible for the Lack

of Faith?

Get the Most for Your Money

Fruitage of Modem Child Training

Fingerprints That Are Only Yours

The Old-Weapons Peril

Cooks, Don’t Neglect the Lowly Bean

Trace Elements and Human Life

Winter-Long Cafeteria for Wildlife

Faithfulness Despite Family Opposition

“Your Word Is Truth"

Is Jesus Jehovah? (Part 1)

Watching the World

TAKE YOUR PICK

Generally in life it is not this and that but this or that. This rule also applies to pride and love. The two simply do not mix; so you will have to take your pick. Not that you cannot have love and at the same time take a justifiable pride in some person or thing, but you cannot have love and at the same time be of a proud mental disposition.—Prov. 16:18; 2 Thess. 1:4.

Why Is this so? Because pride is a form of selfishness, whereas love is the very opposite, an expression of unselfishness.

It is almost impossible to overstate the importance of love. It is as indispensable to happiness as it is to health and as it is to salvation. According to physicians, the failure to love and to receive love is so injurious that one of them wrote a book entitled "Love or Perish.” Said another: “I believe it makes little if any difference how or Vhen the baby receives nutrition, as long as it is held and cuddled by a loving mother,"

physician’s love for his

In particular is love vital in the patientphysician relationship. "Feelings of trust, love and devotion on the part of the patient for his physician are often far more responsible for the success of the treatment of their patients with functional disorders, than the prescriptions, the injections and other forms of treatment they administer.’’ It is therefore no wonder that at times patients are heard to say to their physician, "You are my best medicine.” So we are further told that “the patient and the patient’s love for his physician are powerful influences in the restoration of patients,” be their illness functional or organic.—Mental Hygiene, July, 1961.

No question about it, whether we are young or old, sick or well, love is vital to our well-being. But pride can keep us from expressing it, from accepting it, and may even make us incapable of awakening loving responses in others.

This principle of love or pride applies, first of all, to our relationship with our Maker, our heavenly Father, Jehovah God. We need his love ever so much, but we cannot expect to receive it if we are proud. How unbecoming is pride in our relationship with him! How feeble, how insignifl-cant we are in his sight! How indebted to him we are for all we have and are! Surely with good reason his Word tells us that “God opposes the haughty ones." More than that, pride causes men to act as if God did not even exist, which is surely folly.—Jas. 4:6; Ps. 14:1.

This principle also applies in the human parent-child relationship. While pride on the part of our heavenly Parent is unthinkable, human parents often come short in showing love because of pride, as when a mother neglects her children for the sake of a career or for the sake of acquiring luxuries. So doing, she may lose the love of her children, for children deprived of love become proud, delinquent and unloving themselves.

Children too have a responsibility in this matter. Pride can make them ungrateful and ashamed to render their parents loving obedience, especially when in the presence of other wayward children. But such conduct will not endear them to anyone, no, not even their playmates.

True love will make a pair of lovers humble in each other’s presence. For example, it took humility for Jacob to serve seven years for his beloved Rachel. Pride, however, will cause such a relationship to be strained, if not also stormy and frustrating. More than one young person has become a cro'tchety old bachelor or fussy old spinster because of having picked pride instead of love. The proverb, “Hell has no fury like a woman spurned,” reveals how much pride often goes into such relationships.

Not that marriage of itself 'solves the problem. If that were so there would be no unhappy marriages, no divorces. Pride may cause a husband to ignore or reject the love his wife offers or deny her his love, to their mutual unhappiness. But still having the need for love, unconscious though it may be, the husband may seek to still it by greediness in money matters, by overindulgence in liquor or by other forms of loose conduct. How foolish!

More often than not, however, in Western lands it is the woman who suffers because she chooses pride instead of love. As one poet expressed it: “Pride makes woman hard and cruel, and it makes her too a fool. For with all her bag of tricks, love and pride she’ll never mix." (Of course, that principle applies to man also.) Yes, by proudly competing, seeking to rival or demanding equality, woman makes her marriage a drudgery when it could be a delight. The 'Creator so constructed her that she must be willing to play the role He meant for her to play, one of loving submission to her head, if she would realize fulfillment of her potentialities, if she would have a satisfying and rewarding married life. This is a conclusion, let it be noted, reached by not a few men and women psychiatrists that have written on the subject.

Yes, love is indispensable to our wellbeing. And look where we may, in our relationship with our Maker, the Creator Jehovah God, or in any of the varied human relationships in which we may find ourselves, we can have love and the happiness it brings only at the cost of pride. Pride or love—take your pick.

TOYS IN CHURCH

|Z John Heffer, minister in Langford, England, told his parishioners to let their children bring toys to church to play with. “Preferably the

softer variety of toy," he said. How different such advice is from God's instruction for all his people to congregate, including “the little ones,"

so “that.they may listen and in order that they may learn”!—Deut. 31:12.

of the United Lutheran Church in Ameri-

to substitute for the crib

with a cer-

ca, said: “The Babe of Bethlehem, now more zealously watched over than a TV moppet by its doting mother, represents an investment to be protected. Christmas, the annual pious salute in the direction of religion, is now the property of the business world, and I say it is high time that the church said in unmistakably dear words that it intends to divorce itself from the whole mess."—New York Times, December 4, 1961.

Just what was included in the “whole mess” could be learned from other voices that spoke out against the Christmas festival. On the same weekend, L’Osservatore Romano, an unofficial but authoritative voice of the Roman Catholic Church, warned that commercialism was turning the “birthday of Christ into a paganbacchanal” and suggested that Christians should prefer the “humble, eloquent, religious crib” to the "trees, the fascinating but empty glitter of blown glass, the toys and the showy decorations, sometimes with a superstitious undertone.” About a week later another Vatican newspaper, L’Osservatore della Domenica, assailed Santa Claus as a “monstrous substitution” for Christ that “offends the faith.” It criticized the Christmas tree as “an attempt tain sense of naturalism and paganism."

These were not the first nor the last observations on the commercial and pagan aspects of Christmas. In December, 1960, Santa Claus was compared to a pagan god by Francis X. Weiser, Jesuit priest at Weston College, Massachusetts. An Associated Press dispatch, hailing him as “one of the nation’s foremost authorities on the subject,” said: “In the withered pages of Germanic folklore, familiar to these Anglo-Saxons, was the pagan god Thor. He was the god of the peasants; an elderly, jovial man with a long white beard. His color was red, his element was fire, and the hearth was sacred to him. On the occasions when he left his home among the icebergs of the Northland, he frequently would come down chimneys into his element He rode in a chariot pulled by two white goats, Cracker and Gnasher.” (Newark Evening News, December 9, 1960) Even a child could see the similarity between Santa Claus and Thor the pagan god.

Another protest against the Christmas festivities came from a United Church of Canada minister, George Hamilton, as reported in the Vancouver Sun, December 23, 1959: “The stores commercialize it with their Christmas advertising, we so-

cialize it with parties, dances and liquor and we paganize it with the worship of , Santa Claus.” A fellow Canadian minister,

Ernest Nullmeyer, of Emmanuel Baptist Church in Barrie, voiced his protest in a 1958 radio sermon: "Christmas was’the counterpart to the pagan solar feast of the god Mithras,” he said. “It started pagan and it has never changed.”

The paganism in Christmas has also been noted by newspaper writers such as Brooks Atkinson, who wrote in the New York Times, December 8, 1961: “Historically, the pagan aspects of the season are more ancient than the Christian religion. They are in the blood stream of the human race, which has always celebrated the winter solstice (Dec. 21) with feasting and merriment” Many clerical and secular voices have echoed these charges.

Verification

If you take the trouble to look for verification of these charges in standard reference works or history books you will be rewarded. It is generally acknowledged that December 25 is not the actual date of Christ’s birth and that the Bible does not give a date. Says The Catholic Encyclopedia, 1908 edition, Volume III, page 727: "The well-known solar feast, however, of Natalis Invicti, celebrated on 25 December, has a strong claim on the responsibility for our December date. . . . though the abundance of analogous midwinter festivals may indefinitely have helped the choice of the December date, the same instinct which set Natalis Invicti at the winter solstice will have sufficed, apart from deliberate adaptation or curious calculation, to set the Christian feast there too,”

Agreement is voiced by Funk and Wagnails Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology, and Legend, Volume I, page 229: "Correspondence of the Christian festival

with the dose of the Roman observances of the Saturnalia (December 17-24) and the natalis invicti solis, the Mithralc observance of the birth of the sun, has often been remarked upon and is not an accidental phenomenon. . . . December 25 is close enough to the winter solstice for other pagan winter festivals besides the Saturnalia which celebrate the turn of the year to have become absorbed in it. The Yule feast of northern Europe, a solstice observance celebrating the lengthening of the day with the return of the sun and concerning itself principally with the spirits of the dead, became adapted to Christmas, and many Christmas customs of today and of the past are those of the Yule season.”

Manger Scene Distorted

-The reader who compares the Gospel accounts of Jesus’ birth with the traditional manger scene may come in for an additional surprise. No “wise men” from the East visited the babe in the manger. It was humble shepherds, minus any birthday gifts, who came to the manger after Jehovah’s angel identified Bethlehem as the right place. (Luke 2:8-20) Matthew does not specify how many astrologers in the East saw a star of unknown origin and interpreted it to mean that a new king had been born to the Jews. But he does note that, instead of directing them right to Bethlehem, the strange light led them to Jerusalem first, where they came in touch with murderous Herod. From the chief priests and scribes Herod learned that the Christ was to be born in Bethlehem according to prophecy. Thereupon he sent the obliging astrologers to Bethlehem with orders to report back with the child’s ex. act location. Herod’s intent was to murder Jesus. By the time the “star” led the giftbearing astrologers to the place where Jesus was, he had grown from an infant into a young child and lived in a house, not a

manger. When God prevented the astrologers from returning to Herod, the wicked ruler attempted to kill Jesus by having all the Bethlehem boys two years old and younger slaughtered.—Matt, 2:1-16.

In view of the tragic consequences of the astrologers’ visit and the fact that astrology violates Bible principles, it is certain that God was not the source of that menacing light. Evidently it was the work of Satan, who “keeps transforming himself into an angel of light”—2 Cor. 11:14; Isa. 47: 12-15.

“The First Christmas”?

The unsavory features of the modem Christmas festival and the distortion of the Gospel account may cause some to long for the simplicity and purity of what is often called “the first Christmas.” But again upon investigating we come away better informed. The Encyclopedia Americana, 1956 edition, Volume 6, page 622, states: "The celebration was not observed in the first centuries of the Christian church.” August Neander, an outstanding religious historian, wrote: “The notion of a birthday festival was far from the ideas of the Christians of this period in general.” —The History of the Christian Religion and Church, During the Three First Centuries, translated by Henry John Rose (1848), page 190.

That the apostles did not celebrate Christmas may be ascertained as well from a statement by John Chrysostom, A.D. 386. Chrysostom, who later became patriarch of Constantinople, declared that the celebration of the birth of Christ “according to the flesh” was inaugurated in Antioch ten years previously. He intimates that, while he approved of this festival, many opposed it. (The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Volume III, page 47) Antioch, the birthplace of Chrysostom, was also the city where Jesus’ disciples were first called “Christians.” (Acts 11:26) Paul, Barnabas and Peter visited the Christian congregation there. (Acts 13:1, 2, 9; Gal. 2:11) Had the apostles or other Christians in Antioch observed the Christmas festival, it certainly would have been well established and accepted there long before the time of Chrysostom. That it was not so accepted is further indication that Christmas was not celebrated by the early Christians.

The same conclusion is required by all the inspired Scriptures. Nowhere do they tell of anyone celebrating Jesus’ birthday, exchanging Christmas gifts or greetings. Since Jesus’ fleshly brothers did not exercise faith in him until after his death, it is not likely that they ever honored him as the Christ or Son of God during his lifetime. (John 7:5) Nor would they or the apostles hold a “mass” after his death, for the apostles taught that Christ’s sacrifice was offered “once for all time” and needed no repetition. An “unbloody renewal of Christ’s sacrifice" (as the “mass” is defined) would not be observed by them, in view of Paul’s statement: “Unless blood is poured out no forgiveness takes place.” (Heb. 9:22-28) Early Christians did celebrate the anniversary of Christ’s death, but had no authority to observe any other date, including his day of birth.—Luke 22:19.

A Most Serious Objection

One of the most serious objections to the Christmas festival from the Scriptural standpoint is its rank paganism. Driving the money changers out of Christmas and bringing back “an old-fashioned Christmas” would not make the celebration proper for Christians. We have no authority to absorb pagan customs and sanctify them as fit for Christian worship. The Bible makes this plain; “What sharing do righteousness and lawlessness have? Or what fellowship does light have with darkness? Further, what harmony is there between Christ and Belial? Or what portion does a faithful person have with an unbeliever? And what agreement does God’s temple have with idols?” Paul says that even “a little leaven ferments the whole lump.” (2 Cor. 6:14-16; Gal. 5:9) He reprimanded some of the early Christians for observing days and seasons once approved by God under the law of Moses. How much less can we today observe a day or season never authorized by God and profuse with unscriptural customs?—Gal. 4:10, 11.

Something Finer

There are many sincere persons who feel hurt over the pagan and commercial aspects of Christmas. In their heart they have a real desire to honor God and Christ. If you are one of these persons you can rejoice that the Bible shows a better way. Note Paul’s counsel: “Keep on making sure of what is acceptable to the Lord; and quit sharing with them in the unfruitful works that belong to the darkness.” (Eph. 5:10, 11) What is it that is acceptable to the Lord? Jesus made this clear when he said: “My Father is glorified in this, that you keep bearing much fruit and prove yourselves my disciples."—John 15:8.

The apostle Paul also speaks of this fruitage that is acceptable to the Lord. “The fruitage of the spirit,” he says, “is love, joy, peace, long-suffering, kindness, goodness, faith, mildness, self-control.” (Gal. 5:22, 23) This fruitage produces a generosity that is much finer than the “Christmas spirit” that blooms just once a year. God’s spirit produces a kindness and unselfishness that is evident each day of the year. It is a way of life. Giving is practiced, not out of compulsion or with thought of repayment, but out of genuine Christian love. (Luke 6:35, 36; 14:12-14) And, even better than such material gifts, God’s spirit energizes the true Christian to give something else.

This Is the message of life, which all who are proving themselves Christ’s disciples gladly share with others. Participation in such activity is service to God, and in connection with it the apostle Paul writes: “I entreat you by the compassions of God, brothers, to present your bodies a sacrifice living, holy, acceptable to God, a sacred service with your power of reason.” (Rom. 12:1) This matter of rendering service that is acceptable to the Lord is also likened to bearing fruit, for Paul states: “Through him let us always offer to God a sacrifice of praise, that is, the fruit of lips which make public declaration to his name.” (Heb. 13:15) Those who offer such a sacrifice of praise are outspoken advocates of the kingdom of God, as Jesus was. They do not point to Christ as a helpless babe in a manger. Rather, they call attention to his enthronement in heaven as the King of kings and Lord of lords. Now is the crucial time to give our friends and neighbors the good news that mankind’s judgment is in progress; that soon Christ will wage war against all unrighteousness and that mankind’s woe will end.—Gal. 4:1; Rev. 19:11-16.

If it is your sincere desire to honor God and Christ, produce these acceptable fruits. Do not forget Jesus’ instruction: “Let your light shine before men, that they may see your fine works and give glory to your Father , who is in the heavens." (Matt. 5:16) Do this and you will enjoy true Christian worship, something finer than Christmas.

dture’s Hardy Hitchhiker

a wings, tiny creature, only about one-fifth of an inch long, the bedbug does get around. The insect and its kind have been seen in almost every part of the earth. About thirty species have been described in writings and, of these, eight are found in North America. The others have made their home in Europe, Asia, Africa, South America and the isles of the sea.

The bedbug’s fancy Latin title Cimex lectularius, when freely translated, means “a bug in a bed.” That is why most people call the insect “bedbug.” However, they are known by a host of other names as well, such as, “red coats," “conenose” and “mahogany flats.” Evidently they are so called because of their mahogany color, cone-shaped noses and flat bodies. But we, for the sake of our story, will refer to this bloodsucking insect as “Mr, H. Bedbug” or just plain “Mr. B.” The “H” in his name stands for his hitchhiking skill and hardy effort to resist extermination.

How Mr. B and his family journey from place to place has always been a wonderment to many. The late Sir Arthur Shipley quoted an old ■ American verse that seems to highlight this curiosity. It says:

"The lightning bug has wings of gold;

The gold bug wings of flame;

The bed bug has no wings at all, But it gets there just the same.”

And so it does, Mr, B does get arbund.

Since Mr. B and his family have no wings, they must crawl to get places. And crawl they will and do from one apartment to another or from one house to another, if the houses or apartments are in dose proximity. But Mr. B and his brood would much rather hitchhike than crawl. They seem to have a special knack of hitching a ride by clinging onto handbags or trouser cuffs. They also travel in furniture, mattresses and bedding handled by dealers in secondhand goods, and in laundry deliveries. People who travel about make excellent systems of transportation. Mr, B is not a bit fussy how he travels. Anything is faster and better than crawling. In fact, he will even ride a rat or a mouse or enjoy a bouncing ride on the back of a rabbit or take to the air on the wing of a bird. We might say that the bedbug’s motto is: If it moves, ride it. Little wonder then that it enjoys the distinction of being nature’s most experienced hitchhiker, and who is there to deny it?

Description and Habits

As for looks, the bedbug would win no beauty contest. It is rather ugly in appearance. When hungry, its ovate-shaped body is crinkled like crepe paper. But after a big meal its body swells until all those crinkles seem to disappear. It then takes on a reddish hue and looks twice its normal size. That is why people often mistake the pest for another kind of insect.

But you do not have to see bedbugs to know that they are around, because these tiny creatures secret an oily fluid that possesses a distinctive, musty odor that can be smelled in a room. Though the odor is unpleasant, it is not harmful unless, of course, you are violently allergic to it.

The bedbug Is repulsive primarily because of its eating habits. Usually it gorges itself,on human blood. But if there are no humans around, it may feed on rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, mice, birds and chickens.

Say what you will about the great outdoors, Mr. B is strictly a homebody. He is not fond at all of the outdoors. He especially enjoys the comforts of a well-heated home where temperatures soar above 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Anything colder than that affects his growth and eating habits adversely.

Food and Hideouts

Mr. Bedbug is nocturnal. He feeds mostly at night. However, if he is very hungry and if the light is dim, he will not hesitate to feed during the day. He also demonstrates remarkable skill and cunning, almost reasoning powers, when in pursuit of a meal. Malcom Burr, author of The Insect Legion, writes.- “If a bed be placed with its legs in bowls of water so as to isolate it from the floor, the indomitable little devils will climb up to the ceiling, survey the spot, and drop vertically upon th^ir victim below.” N. P. Wright of San Antonio, Texas, also tells of bedbugs leaping from a wall and ceiling onto cots where their victims were lying. Dr. Campbell, also of Texas, has marked bedbugs to check their migratory habits. He says that he has placed the marked bedbugs “in an unoccupied cot at one end of the [hospital] ward in the evening, and the next morning discovered them in an occupied cot at the other end of the ward.” They actually crawled from bed to bed in search of food.

The bedbug gets its food by biting people who are asleep. Perhaps that sounds a bit more gruesome than It is, because Mr. B's bites are a neat bit of painless surgery. With his elongated razor-sharp, conelike beak he slices the skin. Then, as he lowers his beak into the incision, he will inject a fluid that aids the blood to flow. The fluid, however, may irritate the skin and cause it to become inflamed and itch. In some instances welts may form. Nothing serious usually results, unless you rub or scratch the spot excessively. In three to five minutes both the operation and the meal are over. A full bedbug will then crawl to its hideaway and there digest its meal—a process that may take several days.

The bedbug’s hideouts are many: cracks, crevices, seams, tufts and folds of mattresses, and daybed covers are choice spots. If allowed to multiply, they will establish themselves behind loosened wallpaper, in furniture, cracks in plaster, partitions, and what have you. Habitual hiding places are usually marked by black or brown spots of dried excrement, eggs, eggshells and cast skins. Once bedbugs are permitted to settle themselves in houses built of wood, it becomes almost impossible to cope with them because there are so many places to hide and because of their hardy nature.

Breeding and Maturing

Not only can the bedbug survive being caked in ice weeks at a time, but it can live a year without eating! And if left alone in a warm climate, it will produce three to four generations in a single year. In overheated homes or hotels there may be even more.

Mrs. B may lay three to four eggs a day and from two to five hundred eggs during a period of two to three months. When the temperature is above 70° F. and meals are regular, then egg-laying is at its very best No eggs are laid if the temperature drops below 50° F. The eggs are white and about one-thirty-second of an inch long. When first laid, they are coated with a sticky substance that dries at once. This causes the eggs to stick to the object on which they were laid. It takes an egg from six to twenty-eight days to hatch, depending on the temperature. When hatched, baby bedbug enters the world almost translucent and nearly colorless. It is shaped like its parents and has their same flimsy, crinkly appearance.

Newly hatched bedbugs are hardy. They come equipped with tools and appetite and are ready, willing and able to eat. However, in warm weather they can, if necessary, live several weeks without a meal/And if they are hatched during cool or cold weather, they can survive for several months without anything to eat!

The baby bedbug must undergo five molts before it reaches full growth. After each molt (shedding of skin) it is pale at first, then it becomes brownish. Warm temperatures bring on maturity in four to six weeks. Since temperatures vary and meals may be irregular, there may be a considerable variation in the period of development of the bedbug. As a result, bedbugs in all stages are present at all seasons of the year, perhaps with one exception. The exception is an unheated room in winter, when only adults may be present.

Controlling Mr. B

Pestiferous Mr. B has resisted control for centuries. In times past men poured kerosene into his crack-and-cranny hideaways. There were casualties, but Mr. B survived. In more recent times kerosene has been superseded by the newer chlorinated hydrocarbon Insecticides. A single treatment with DDT, lindane, malathion spray or with a pyrethrum-DDT spray usually puts an end to bedbugs in a room and leaves a deposit that prevents reinfestation for several months. These insecticides can be purchased at drug, hardware and department stores and at large food markets. Sprays are preferred to dusts because dusts do not cling to mattresses, bedsteads, springs or vertical surfaces as well as sprays do and therefore do not give a long-lasting protection. Also, dusts are harder to apply properly and are unsightly in exposed places in homes.

ARTICLES IN THE NEXT ISSUE

• The Beauty of Self-Control.

• Tribalism and the New Africa.

• Those Mytterioue Radionic Machines.

In many areas bedbugs have become resistant to DDT, and other insecticides must be applied. Malathion and pyrethrum are effective bedbug killers, and no resistance to them has been observed. However, hardly ever is control complete and immediate. It may be necessary to spray all the hiding places every two weeks until no more bedbugs are seen moving about.

Careful studies have been made to find out if the common North American bedbug is a disease carrier. So far it has been found to be an important vector of no disease. The Triatoma, a giant bedbug of Central and South America, however, sometimes transmits Chagas’ disease to its hosts. It is also suspected of carrying a ^number of other maladies. But Mr. B of North America has not been convicted of being any more dangerous than his bite.

Special precaution, however, should be taken with regard to insecticides. They are poisonous. Be sure to store in a cool, dry place out of reach of children and animals. Follow directions carefully. Otherwise you may learn, to your regret, that Mr. B can be less a hazard than the remedy.

Who Is Responsible

|HE minister of the South Brisbane Con' gregational Church in Australia, a H. Parker, expressed what observant persons

have noted for some time, when he said: “True Christian faith in our churches is dead.” But why? Why is there such a lack of faith in the Bible throughout Christendom? Have the clergy failed to teach the Bible and build people’s faith in it? Yes!

Today It is a common thing to read or hear expressions of ministers that are apparently designed to undermine faith in the Bible. J. G. Hall, church rector of Harrisburg, South Africa, said In a letter to the press on April 26, 1959: The position of the fundamentalists "is undoubtedly untenable in view of the many contradictions not only between the Biblical account and material science, but also in view of the many contradictions contained in the Biblical narratives themselves." Hall does not back up his assertion by citing examples of contradictions, yet many persons will believe him because he is a minister.

Many ministers hold similar opinions. George R. Service, as minister of the Augustine United Church In Winnipeg, Canada, said that “the people who wrote the various [Bible] manuscripts were limited to the knowledge of their day,” and therefore the Bible was subject to error. He asserted that “evolution Is another proved fact," and that the Genesis story of Adam and Eve could neither be historically nor biologically true.

Ernest W. Bames, the late Anglican bishop of Birmingham, England, was quoted in the press as saying that the Bible contained “fanciful falsehoods” on the origin of man. He told the clergy of his diocese: “We cannot teach fanciful falsehoods, however poetic, literary or symbolic, to children in our Church schools.” Bames continued: “If we wish to win the confidence of our young people we must tell them the new found truths of the origin of man and of human civilization and these proofs must be combined with their religious education.”

It is the very ones that pose as Bible teachers and supporters who are its chief opponents. Heinrich Jochmus, editor of the T>er Feste Grund, an Evangelical monthly published in Germany, In its May, 1961, issue, observed that some university professors

for the Lack of Faith?

"felt the Bible was chiefly composed of myths, 1 sayings, legends and mythological Ideas. . . . / the creation of the world, the Flood, the hls-J tory of the patriarchs, the life of Jesus, his \ being the Son of God, his birth from a virgin, / his miracles, his sacrificial death on the cross, \ his resurrection, his ascension into heaven, \ his return and the final things, reported on / in the book of Revelation.—these were all 1 myths, sayings and legends. All of these , things did not occur as related and are un-/ true.”

The most influential theologian in Germany • today, Rudolf Bultmann, holds to such opin-f ions of the Bible as these. And it is observed that “today his pupils fill the leading uni-

• versity posts in the German theological' r world.” No wonder faith within Christendom's churches is dead!

'i The Expository Times, published in Edlh-\ burgh and widely read by ministers of all / denominations, gave this admonition to clergy-j men, in its January, I960, issue: “As long . as we continue publicly to read from the Bi-j ble without qualification or explanation we \ are engaging in a kind of duplicity. We have C good reason, for example (indeed, all scholars f are agreed on this), for believing that much j of the Fourth Gospel cannot be considered , as in the narrower sense of the term ‘histori-f cal’; yet we continue to read it publicly as though it were....

* “We read as if we regarded what we read f as ‘true’ in the way it appears to be, whereas j) in point of fact we know ourselves that we j cannot read it without holding a mass of un-f communicated reservations. . . . How many listeners, for example, believe that the stories about Daniel and the three young men are \ nothing more than ancient traditions elab} orated with literary brilliance into tracts for the times, namely to encourage resistance to \ the persecutions of Antiochus Epiphanes IV? $ The preacher should make unmistakably clear i what they are, instead of reading them aa if . they were actually historical instances of Di-I vine intervention.”

/ No wonder the faith of millions is dead, j False ministers are chiefly responsible. Jesus , said of them: “Blind guides is what they r are. If, then, a blind man guides a blind man, / both will fall Into a pit.’’—Matt. 5:14.

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MEETING the rising cost of living is no doubt one of the chief problems that confronts your family. You are not alone. Families the world over are wrestling with it too. Increasing your income might help, but you can do much to meet this problem by striving diligently to get the most for the money you spend. Perhaps you think that you do, but it is very likely that your purchasing methods can be improved, and that to your own advantage.

If you live in a country that has supermarkets, you probably make many purchases on impulse. As you walk down gleaming rows of foodstuffs, you pick up items you had not planned on buying. FoocTmanufacturers design their packages for that very purpose, using eye-catching shapes and colors that will motivate you to pick up their products. The store arranges its displays with the same objective in mind. Both the manufacturer and the

your food budget.

Even if you buy your food in

a market for one day at a time, as is common in many lands, the money you set aside for food can go much farther when your purchasing is planned in advance. But if you are accustomed to buying larger quantities of food, you might find it advantageous to plan your meals for a week and make a list of the staples and other things you will need. Then you can try to do most of your shopping in one trip. Oftentimes, the more visits you make to the market the greater is the likelihood of your exceeding your food budget. Also, when your children go shopping with you, be careful or you may find that you buy things that are not really needed. They are a strong influence on parents to do impulse buying.

store follow the suggestions science of motivational research.

The psychological factors that cause impulse buying are of special interest to motivational researchers. They want to know what will stimulate you to buy things you do not necessarily need. It has been estimated that almost half of all purchases in American supermarkets are done on impulse. Of the many nonfood items sold there, eight out of ten purchases are without previous planning. This is not the way to get the most from Plan to take advantage of some of the advertised food sales, and when seasonal foods are the cheapest, buy them in quantity if you have the storage space for them. This foresight can be a big saving for you. Your savings may not be realized, however, if you fail to count your change after each purchase.

Shortchanging and short-weighing are the most

of the new

common cheating ers. Not

ways of custom-all mer-

chants dishonest, to be sure, but the number who are is constantly Increasing.

Careful Buying

With a little care and thought you can stretch your food budget a surprisingly long way. Instead of buying seasonal fruits and vegetables when they first appear on the market, wait until they are more plentiful and cheaper. Sometimes a merchant will sell at reduced prices leafy vegetables that are slightly wilted. Since these can often be restored to their original crispness by washing them and placing them in the crisper box of a refrigerator while still wet, you might make a small saving by inlying them. Of course, families without refrigerators may not be able to avail themselves of this opportunity to save.

Do not look down on small savings. You are making food purchases regularly throughout the year, and the pennies you save each time you shop can amount to a tidy sum by the end of twelve months. Take milk, for example. If your family buys two quarts a day, you purchase 730 quarts in the course of a year. Imagine how much you could reduce your milk bill by saving a few cents on each quart. Perhaps you can make a saving by buying your milk at the store rather than having it delivered. Where it is possible to purchase milk in gallon jugs rather than in quart bottles or cartons, an additional saving can be achieved. For some purposes you might find that you can use inexpensive dry milk rather than whole milk. It can be used in soups, omelets, custards and baked dishes. You might even make a mixture of it with whole milk as a substitute for regular half and half.

In some localities savings can be had by buying day-old baked goods. Oftentimes a market has the practice of selling leftover baked goods at reduced prices. Usually this is done first thing in the morning; so it pays to shop early. There are large bakeries that maintain special stores for disposing of their day-old goods. Doing your own baking, of course, may prove to be even better if you have the time and the ability.

The eggs you use for baking and other cooking do not have to be of the highest and most expensive grade. Lower grades have just as much nutritional value and are cheaper. You might even consider using cracked eggs for this purpose if they are available. They should sell at greatly reduced prices.

Careful buying of canned and packaged goods can also bring you savings. If you can use a large amount of a product over a period of time without its spoiling, you would do well to buy the large economy size of canned or packaged goods. Be certain, however, to compare the price per ounce with that of a small size. Surprising as it may seem, small sizes are sometimes just as economical, and occasionally more so than the large size. Do not stop at comparing sizes; compare brands as well.

You will find that some brands are cheaper per ounce than other brands; yet the product may be just as good. Read the labels and make comparisons of how much each costs per ounce. Although manufacturers often make this difficult by using hard-to-compare sizes, such as 5 5/8,13 1/3 or 28 16/17 ounces, it is worth the effort to make comparisons. Sometimes brands that are not as well advertised as others may serve your purpose just as well for less money.

How you intend to use a food should determine what grade you buy. Why buy a grade “A” can of tomatoes for stewing or for soup when grade “B” suits your purpose just as well? The same can be said of canned fruits. You may want the best grade for a salad, but for another dish where appearance Is not important a less expensive grade could be used.

Be alert to hidden price increases. You can spot these by checking the net weight or volume of a product. It is not uncommon for a manufacturer to redesign the package of his product so that it appears to be the same size as before but actually holds less. Where it previously may have contained sixteen ounces, it may now contain only twelve, but the price may be left the same.

Sales

Take advantage of money-saving sales, but keep in mind that not all sales save you money. They are bargains only when the sale items are truly lower in price than usual. Sometimes they are not. This requires you to be familiar with the product you want and its customary selling price in your area. Shop around and see what price other stores are asking for it. Knowing the product and the price at which it can generally be had is the way to spot genuine bargains. This is especially important in countries where it is necessary to haggle with merchants for everything that is bought.

When a store makes a special offer of several items for a certain price, do not assume that you will save money by taking the offer. Sometimes such deals bring no saving at all. Do a little calculating with the price for one of the items. See If the price for buying several at a time actually gives you a saving.

It is wise to time your purchasing to take advantage of the seasonal sales that are put on by reputable stores. These occur at regular intervals throughout the year. In January, for example, in some lands there are clearance sales in which goods of many types can be bought at substantial savings. Winter clothing, furniture, big appliances, linens, towels and blankets are often sold at substantially reduced prices. In July and August; spring and summer clothing are usually on sale in northern locations. Anticipate your needs and the seasonal sales so as to do your buying then. If you do not need an item that is on sale, it is not a bargain for you no matter how low the price may be. Do not buy what you do not need or cannot use,

Major Purchases

When it comes to buying a car, furniture and household appliances, you are faced with a sizable outlay of money. It is important to shop around, comparing prices before making a purchase. Learn what you can about the good and bad features of the various makes of the article you want. If it is at all possible to pay cash, by all means do so. You will pay much less for the article that way than by financing it, because you will avoid costly carrying charges. In some cases retailers make more profit from the sale of credit to their customers than from the actual articles they sell them.

If you are considering a used car, do not ignore the fact that practically all used cars have something wrong with them. Repair bills can be expected. Because of this it might be worth your while to pay your mechanic to go with you when you shop for one.

A decision to buy a new car should be with the understanding that the rate of depreciation is much greater than with a used car. It depreciates about 30 to 40 percent in its first year but only 15 to 20 percent in its second year. To get the most for the money you put into a new car, consider the lowest-priced car of the model in which you are interested. Usually many models of one make are basically the same car, with a few changes to place them in different price categories. This makes the lowest-priced model a better buy than the higher-priced ones. You are faced with diminishing returns as you go up into the range of expensive cars. They give you less return on the amount of money you invest than do the lower-priced cars.

If it is furniture you are interested in buying, it is not wise to invest in something that is shoddily made simply because the price is low. Furniture is something you want to last a long time, not fall apart in a short while. In the long run you will save money by buying well-made furniture of good materials, although you may have to pay more. In the course -Qf time, you will find yourself saving money by paying for quality in the beginning. This is especially important with beds and mattresses. Your rest and health require them to be comfortable as long as_you have them.

An important thing to keep in mind when buying an appliance is the cost of maintenance. The more electrical appliances you have, the more you will be paying out to repairmen if they are not well made, To lessen costly repairs, be certain that the make of appliance you buy will give you as much trouble-free service as possible. You may have to pay more for such an appliance, but it is more economical over the years that it will be used.

Take the time to make inquiries of people who own various makes of the appliance in which you are interested. Compare what they say with suggestions from a friendly repairman or a consumer organization. After you have bought the appliance make certain that everyone in the family who will use it clearly understands how it should be operated and cared for. By reading the instructions together carefully, you can avoid many unnecessary and costly repair bills.

Clothing is a big expense for a family and should be purchased with the same care as given to any other large investment. Usually you will get more for your money by buying quality clothing that will give good, satisfying service for a long time. Good-quality housedresses, for instance, will wear far longer than cheap ones and will wash better, fit better and look better. With other clothing, a woman gets more for her money by buying quality garments that are in simple, classic styles that can be worn for several seasons.

A man likewise does well to buy clothing that will serve him well for several years. A good-quality suit, although costing more than a cheaply made one, will give longer service, keep its shape better and maintain a much nicer appearance. A quality suit bought on sale is superior to the very best of the cheap ones. It will give a man much more value for his money.

There are many ways that an alert family can get the most for their money. AU that is required is a little extra effort, time and, above all, planning. As the cost of living continues to rise, the ability you can develop at stretching your income will have a direct bearing on your standard of living and yotir freedom from needless financial burdens. The increased value you can get from your money is worth the effort it takes to buy wisely.

TtaZfaya oft Modttn @kild “Ttaining

• The bad fruitage from modern theories of child training was pinpointed by Jenken Lloyd Jones, editor of the Tulsa, Oklahoma, Tribune, when he said: “We have sown the dragon’s teeth of pseudoscientific sentimentality, and out of the ground has sprung the legion bearing switch-blade knives and bicycle chains.”

ugust Meter was a citizen of Summerdale. His business? Clothing salesman. Anyone in town would have gladly vouched for his integrity. But what the people of Summerdale did not know was that Meier was a thief—a burglar.

One day Meier jimmied open the basement window to Sonnenbaum’s store. A half hour later he came out wearing four silk shirts under the coat of his new suit. His pockets were crammed with silk ties and socks, the best in the shop, and the stolen suitcase was, packed full of expensive shirts and underwear. Over his shoulder he casually slung an imported topcoat and on his head he wore a fine silk hat. Meier. made his exit from the store as quietly as he came. No one saw him.

A week later two detectives paid Meier a call. “Good morning," said Meier to the strangers cheerfully. “You are under arrest,” said one of the detectives. Meier became indignant. He protested his innocence. But the detectives would not be moved. The people of Summerdale felt sure that there was some mistake. Meier was taken to court and tried. He was found guilty and sent to the penitentiary. There was only one witness that testified against him—a thumbprint-—one that Meier had accidentally left behind.

Fingerprints have been protecting the innocent and convicting the guilty for many centuries. An ancient clay tablet bearing the testimony of a Babylonian officer certifies that he was authorized to make arrests and secure the fingerprints

that are

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defendants. In

ancient Assyria

finger impressions served as a seal to give authenticity to important documents. Chinese monarchs used the thumbprint as a seal when signing; documents of importance. According to the laws of Yung-Hwui (A.D. 650-655), a Chinese husband suing for divorce was required to mark with his fingerprint the document setting out his claim. In the Japanese laws of Tai-ho (A.D. 702) a similar clause applied to illiterate husbands. But none of these ancients, as far as we know, took impressions of all ten fingers, as is done today.

Even in early folklore and superstition reference is made to fingerprints. In old China fingerprints were used as charms to drive away the evil spirits. And in Indian folklore one reads that a red finger mark on a wall would hasten the delivery of a child. According to the following Chinese formula for fortune-telling, the future of a person was predicted In accord with the number of whorls and loops borne on his fingers:

“One whorl, poor; two whorls, rich;

Three whorls, four whorls, open a pawn shoo:

Five whorls, be a go-between;

Six whorls, be a thief;

Seven whorls, meet calamities;

Eight whorls, eat chaff;

Nine whorls and one loop, no work to do— eat till you are old.”

Technically the science of fingerprinting is referred to as “dactylography.” Dactyi-iomancy, on the other hand, is divination by means of finger rings or prints, and it is still practiced even in this modern world, but it is not as popular as palmistry.

“Infallible” Identification

No two sets of fingerprints have ever been found identical. The prints of identical twins, triplets and even of the Dionne quintuplets reflect completely different pattern characteristics in their individual fingerprints. The late Tighe Hopkins of the London Daily Chronicle said: “It is improbable that once in ten thousand years, the imprint of the finger tips of two pairs of hands would be found to coincide.”

The chance of similarity of fingerprints is extremely remote. Scientist Sir Francis Galton of England, after an extensive study, concluded that “the chance of two fingerprints -being identical is less than one in sixty-four thousand millions.” “It is wholly inconceivable,” he said, “that two persons should show an exact coincidence in the prints of two or three, not to speak of ten fingers.” M. Baithazard of France gave the ratio of possible duplication as one in 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,-000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,-000,000. In view of such ratios, it is of little wonder that the system has been termed “infallible.”

Other methods for identifying people have been tried, but have proved unreliable for positive identification. Sight, for example, is confused by the extraordinary resemblances between some people. Police lineups have established this fact beyond doubt. Identification through examination of a person’s teeth has also proved unsatisfactory, since teeth may be extracted and the pattern changed. The camera has proved unreliable, too, because culprits have disfigured their features just as the picture was being taken. Age and disease have also changed people beyond recognition.

The only serious competition that fingerprinting has ever had was the Bertillon system. Alphonse Bertillon, a French anthropologist, proposed the use of eleven body measurements. One day in 1903, however, the system ran into serious trouble. Will West who was being booked into prison was found to have almost exactly the same measurements as those of a man called William West, whose card was already in the file. What is more, from photographs the two men looked identical. The question arose, Were they one and the same person? This was impossible, because William West was a prisoner already, serving a life term for murder. Although the two men looked almost alike and had nearly identical measurements, their fingerprints were substantially different. With that experience the Bertillon system collapsed and the fingerprinting system went on to win the distinction of being called “the only unchangeable and infallible means of positive identification known to man.” J. Edgar Hoover, chief of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, had this to say about fingerprints: “Of all the methods of identification, fingerprinting alone has proved to be both infallible and feasible.”

Files and Fingerprints

The F.B.I. has the world’s greatest file of fingerprints. If this bureau’s eight-inch-square fingerprint cards were stacked in one pile, they would reach nine times the height of the Empire State Building! Over 170,000,000 sets of prints are on file in a six-story building near Washington, D.C. Actually only about 73,000,000 people are represented, since many of them have several prints on file. This file is increasing at the rate of 20,000 prints a day. Yet of all the millions of fingerprints taken no two have ever been found to be alike.

What are fingerprints? A fingerprint is a reproduction of the pattern or design formed by the ridges of the inside of the first joint of a finger. The average fingerprint has as many as fifty “characteristics, ” all or any of which may differ from every other print in the world. To the fingerprint expert every one of these characteristics has a name and is easily recognizable. A single fingerprint left at the scene of a crime may be as valuable to detectives as a calling card or a photograph. In Chicago a man accused of murder was identified by fingerprints more than ten years after the crime was committed. Fingerprints convict the guilty, but they also protect the innocent.

Individual Protection

It is a great mistake to think that fingerprints are used only in connection with crime. For every criminal print in the massive F.B.I.’s collection today, there are four from persons whose records are unspotted by crime. These include the fingerprints of all army, navy and marine corps personnel as well as the prints of civilians wishing to have their fingerprints on record as a protection against accident, amnesia or loss of identity through some disaster. These prints are kept separately from those pertaining to criminals.

Compulsory fingerprinting has been suggested as a protection for individuals. Some 200,000 persons disappear each year. Fingerprints could help locate these for relatives and friends. Every year there are thousands of amnesia victims wandering aimlessly about the streets. Fingerprints could help restore these to their anxious families in a matter of a few hours. Fingerprints could prevent the forgery of documents, such as wills. They could protect insurance companies against false claims and serve many other purposes as well.

The likelihood of universal fingerprint registration is remote indeed, especially so in a free society, because in many minds there is a close association between fingerprinting and criminology. It is reported that Russian delegates entering the United States refused to submit to fingerprinting; they bluntly called it a practice only for criminals. This idea may stem from the fact that, when the science of fingerprinting was developing, it was used strictly for the detection and identification of criminals. In fact, the U.S. government’s first collection of prints was actually managed by imprisoned criminals to save the expense of hiring clerks. In 1938 the American Civil Liberties Union denounced the F.BJ.’s voluntary fingerprinting program as “an early and effective move in the direction of general regimentation of the people.” The whole science of dactyloscopy (identification by comparison of fingerprints) in European countries and Great Britain is associated in the public mind almost exclusively with police and crime, and a general view prevails that the introduction of compulsory fingerprint registration would be bitterly resented by the people. They regard it as an intrusion into their private lives.

Permanent Patterns

There has always been some question as to whether fingerprints can be removed. Criminals frequently attempt to alter their fingertips, thinking in this way that they can do away with or change their fingerprints. Some have sandpapered the ends of their fingers, rubbed them on cement walks, burned them with acids and hot irons, cut them into strips with razor blades, inserted melted paraffin under the skin, grafted new skin, and other things, without success. No one has yet been able to change a finger so that it will make a different fingerprint after it is fully

DECEMBER 23, 1S62

The pattern of a fingerprint never changes during a lifetime. Those found on infants are traceable in old age. Not even the Bearing heat or terrible radioactivity of an atomic bomb can change the distinctive patterns. Ex-convicts and others who had their hands injured in the explosion of Hiroshima show no pattern changes whatsoever.

…