Awake!, April 8, 1959

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4buble Victory

in the Supreme Court of Canada

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wazil Is Changing

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ping with the Posture Problem

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APRIL 8, 1959

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CONTENTS

Wbat Is Lacking?

When Will Men Not Labor in Vain?

Double Victory in the Supreme Court

of Canada

Protection

Brazil Is Changing

Coping with the Posture Problem

Voice Variety

The “Metal of the Sun”

Preaching Truth Behind Prison Bars 24 “Your Word Is Truth”

The Greatest Personality in the

Universe

130 Missionaries from 53 Lands Graduate Watching the World

[Q)uRING the last year and a half the attention and imagination of the world have been captivated by the remarkable achievements of its rocket scientists. Their success in putting satellites into orbit about the earth and in probing far into space, even beyond the moon, has been a cause for much boasting about man’s powers and greatness. There is now talk about conquering space, as if that could be done merely by sending rockets to the moon.

Why is so much attention being given to solving the problems of space flight when there is a much more pressing problem that has yet to be solved—the problem of how nations can live together in peace? Unless this is solved the power of space flight will intensify international differences and magnify fears of attack. Is it not more important for men to learn how to live in peace than to learn how to travel to other planets? In view of this, man’s accomplishments in the field of rocketry are not a credit to his wisdom but instead reveal a lack of wisdom.

When wisdom is lacking, great achievements in science can become a curse rather than a blessing. It was a remarkable feat when man learned how to unlock the power of the atom, but that power has become a monster that threatens to destroy mankind, because the world lacks wisdom. Knowledge can be very destructive unless it is controlled by wisdom. Regarding this R. B. Fosdick stated in 1948, at the dedication of the 200-inch telescope at Mt. Palomar: “Knowledge and destruction have joined in a grand alliance that has made the history of our generation a history of deepening horror.... Unless we can anchor our knowledge to moral foundations the ultimate result will be dust and ashes—dust and ashes that will bury the hopes and monuments of men beyond recovery."

The moral foundations to which knowledge can be anchored are found in God’s written Word. That divine guide stresses the importance of wisdom when it says: “Happy is the man that has found wisdom, and the man that gets discernment, for the gaining of it is better than the gaining of silver and the produce of it even than gold. It is more precious than corals, and all other delights of yours cannot be made equal to it. Its ways are ways of pleasantness, and all its roadways are peace." —Prov. 3:13-15,17.

The world considers itself to be very wise because of its scientific accomplishments, but what it considers to be wisdom is actually foolishness. It has made the mistake of trusting in its own understanding instead of being guided by the wisdom in God’s Word. It foolishly ignores that divine guide and refuses to consider the purposes of the Creator. "The senseless one has said in his heart: ‘There is no Jehovah.’ ”—Ps. 14:1.

Man has no cause to boast because of his scientific achievements. He is merely learning what God long ago caused to be when he created the universe. Instead of boastfully talking about conquering space, man should acknowledge his insignificance in the sight of the One who stretched out the heavens to such vast distances that light from some stars requires billions of years to reach the earth. How can puny man imagine himself to be great when he is less than nothing in the eyes of that One? By ignoring the wisdom of this mighty Creator the world once again shows its lack of wisdom. The person who is truly wise will do what is written at Proverbs 3:5, 6: “Trust in Jehovah with all your heart and do not lean upon your own understanding. In all your ways take notice of him, and he himself will make your paths straight.”

God has a purpose for this earth, and the fulfillment of it will be a blessing to those who trust him. “For the upright are the ones that will reside in the earth, and the blameless are the ones that will be left over in it. As regards the wicked, they will be cut off from the very earth.” (Prov. 2:21, 22) This Scriptural promise gives hope to those who are distressed over the lack of wisdom manifested by the leaders of the world. Instead of living in fear of a spark that would ignite an atomic war in which rockets would carry devastation to all parts of the inhabited earth, they can live in hope of seeing the earth become filled with upright people who know how to live in peace.

It is not impossible for earth’s inhabitants to live in peace. It can be done by following the wise instructions of God’s Word. The application of the principles found there does not divide mankind but unites them. It is only when men lean to their own understanding and true wisdom is lacking that trouble brews. If the true wisdom of God’s Word were followed there would be no fighting, regardless of the number of people populating the earth. The modern scientifically brilliant world has yet to learn this simple truth.

One of the principles of the Bible is, “Love your neighbor as yourself.” (Matt. 22:39) When this is done, why would any people fear attack from others? Why would they ever think they must stockpile weapons?

It is natural to admire persons who are mentally acute, who are exceptional thinkers. But mental brightness must not be mistaken for wisdom. The world’s intellectuals are inclined to think too much of their own thoughts and too little of God’s thoughts. Those who reject the Word of God or who give it no heed show that they are lacking in wisdom. “The wise ones ... have rejected the very word of Jehovah, and what wisdom do they have?” (Jer. 8: 9) These are not the men to admire. They are not the ones in whom to trust for a better world.

Wisdom cannot be gained from those who do not possess it. God’s Word contains true wisdom and that is where a person must seek it instead of from the intellectuals of the world. Heed the Creator's counsel: “Acquire wisdom, acquire understanding. Do not forget and do not turn aside from the sayings of my mouth. Do not leave it and it will keep you. Love it and it will safeguard you.”—Prov. 4:5, 6.

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'Me work for nothing? -Never!’ you may say. Yet that is precisely what millions of persons are doing today—working for nothing. Day after day they labor without satisfaction or meaning, and they have nothing to show for the fruits of their labors.

Of course, the ideal state would be to have every man doing the very thing he enjoys most. But unfortunately such is not possible in this system of things where greed and selfishness rule. However, the infallible authority, the Bible, announces a world in which all men will enjoy the works of their hands, a world in which none will toil for nothing.—2 Pet. 3:13.

What a world that will be! How different from this modem, scientific, industrialized age in which millions of humans have become virtual slaves to jobs they hate. Daily they go back to those same despised duties because they have to. They must eat to survive.

People are dissatisfied with their jobs, not necessarily because they work hard or desire shorter hours. Some men enjoy work that is hard. It invigorates them. It stimulates their thinking. And there is plenty of evidence that, by and large, workers do not want more leisure so much as they want other satisfactions, such as higher pay and better working conditions. Statistics show that many of those who work shorter hours take on extra full-time or part-time jobs. Workers want a more satisfying life.

Another contributing cause to job dissatisfaction is that workers do not see the fruits of their labors. They are forever working for someone else. Many of these jobs appear meaningless, without the need of skill, which eventually leaves the worker devoid of all sense of accomplishment. He is made to feel completely useless. On many jobs craftsmanship is either lacking or missing entirely. Individual workmanship and creative thinking are not required or encouraged. The worker is made to understand that he is just another cog in a huge industrial wheel, one that is easily replaced. He is expendable. Perhaps nothing is quite so devastating to the morale of the workingman than for him to feel unwanted, not needed and not cared for. His job becomes a dread to him, a waste of energy, a life’s tragedy. He works without an incentive, without satisfaction or meaning. He labors for nothing.

The present arrangement of labor where each one does only a specific operation or , makes only a single part of the finished product, as is done on the production-line system, has, no doubt, resulted in producing more jobs and goods. Yet the loss in spiritual and moral values by such a system has been tremendously high. An interview of a worker by a sociologist in an American factory was reported as follows: “What do you do?” “I make C-28.” “What is C-28?” “I don't know.” “How long have you been working here?” “Ten years.” Ten years of total darkness! How can such workers derive satisfaction from their work when they do not knt>w what they are doing? Why do they work at such jobs? They work solely to survive. To them what they do in this highly complex industrial society no longer is important as long as there is money to pay the rent and buy the groceries. Millions of persons do not know what it means to get satisfaction from their jobs. And it is these that too often cut comers, try to get as much as possible for as little as possible, and, as a result, are never satisfied. They live in misery.

Of course, not all work is trivial, useless or immoral. Many enjoy their work, but the bulk of humankind looks for better working conditions.

Vain and Worth-While Works

Wise King Solomon wrote: “The greatest vanity! Everything is vanity!” He continues: “I saw all the works that were done under the sun, and, look! everything was vanity and a striving after wind.” By “everything” Solomon meant everything that has to do with this world that we live in. Works to support this world are vanity, because “the world is passing away and so is its desire, but he that does the will of God remains forever.” So whether we work for money, or to get ahead, or to surround ourselves with worldly goods, or to provide for others, or just to keep ourselves occupied so that we will not feel useless—all this will have its end.—Eccl. 1:2,12-14; 1 John 2:17.

Not all work is for nothing, however. Storing up wealth on earth is a futile business, but doing the works of God is not in vain. Jesus and his apostles made these truths plain. Jesus said: “Stop storing up for yourselves treasures upon the earth, where moth and rust consume, and where thieves break In and steal. Rather, store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust consume, and where thieves do not break in and steal. For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.” He cautioned men to “be on the alert and on guard against every kind of covetousness, because even when a person has an abundance his life does not result from the things he possesses.” True, food, clothing and shelter are necessities of life, but they are not to be sought after as primary goals, according to Jesus. Because “your Father knows you need these things. Nevertheless, seek continually his kingdom, and these things will be added to you.”—Matt. 6:19-21; Luke 12:15-31.

Fixing a Goal

For work to be at all satisfying and meaningful, it must have a worthy goal. Once that goal is established all one’s efforts and energy may be spent toward that worthy goal. Some persons have made the accumulation of wealth, the achievement of success and power and security their goals in life. But'these do not bring true satisfaction or give one the deepest sense of purpose for work. Jesus Christ gave mankind the true goal to be sought for, when he said: “Keep on, then, seeking first the kingdom and his righteousness.” He urged- men to pursue the kingdom. Work for it. “Work, not for the food that perishes, but for the food that remains for life everlasting, which the Son of man will give you.” The kingdom of God makes a Christian’s work worth while, because not only will the Kingdom bring about better working conditions for mankind, but it will assure for such Kingdom workers everlasting life. Appreciating this fact, the apostle Paul counseled his Corinthian brothers always to have “plenty to do in the work of the Lord, knowing that your labor is not in vain in connection with the Lord.” Work that is in connection with God and his kingdom will last forever. Unless we toil in harmony with God and his purposes, our work will not last. We will have worked for nothing.—Matt. 6:33; John 6:27; 1 Cor. 15:58; Ps. 127:1.

The Christian ministry makes every honest secular work endurable. A Christian’s faith in Jehovah helps him bear the work that he has been given to do. He sees his toil as a responsibility and seeks to deport himself as a Christian while at work so that there will be no reflection on God’s name on account of him. Paul wrote the Corinthians: “Whether you are eating or drinking or doing anything else, do all things for God’s glory.” So the servant of God is mindful of his ministry when he is hard at work at his secular job. He considers his good conduct, good work, congenial, friendly nature as forceful sermons winning people to the cause of Christ. So he is still in pursuit of his goal, even though he may be hard at work for some manufacturing firm. A worldly worker views his work strictly as a business matter and no more, whereas a Christian sees his work to be much more than that. His work becomes a part of his vocation, his ministry, his life.—1 Cor. 10:31, 33.

From Pointless to Meaningful Toil

The very way God made man is proof in itself that he purposed for man to be a worker. According to Genesis, Adam was a workingman before he was a sinner. To the perfect man work was a delight. It was his worship, his life. God did not purpose that man’s work should be wasted and be terminated by death. The Creator purposed that man should be happy in his labor, that he should see and enjoy the results of his works and should pass the benefits of his work on to his children. However, man turned to sin and so brought upon himself and his offspring the condemnation to death.—Gen. 2:16, 17,

Jesus Christ, however, ransomed mankind from this Adamic condemnation. Jesus’ life’s course was a demonstration of worth-while works, works that lead to everlasting life. We, today, who have set our hearts on God’s kingdom and who work for it are not toiling for nothing. We have the promise of life everlasting as a reward. This God gives. Without God, try whatever we will, work as hard as we will, imperfection and condemnation of sin will always be in the way to block us. Death will be our end. Of ourselves we cannot escape this impasse. Only by working for God can we hope to survive to enjoy the works of our hands and prove ourselves to be of everlasting usefulness.

Under God’s kingdom men will not labor for nothing. They will build houses and inhabit them. They will plant crops and harvest them. They will not work to enrich other men or hoard for themselves. Their work will be in honor and praise of the living God. It will bring workers lasting personal satisfaction.

It is a joy to know that we today can engage in a work that is not for nothing —Kingdom work that will last throughout all eternity. Even though we may die, yet our work will not be a loss: “Happy are the dead who die in union with the Lord from this time onward. Yes, says the spirit, let them rest from their labors, for the things they did go right with them.” “For God is not unrighteous so as to forget your work and the love you showed for his name.” What an incentive to do good work! What a marvelous reason for making God’s kingdom your goal in life! Working for that kingdom now will bring you satisfaction and a peace that excels all thought and at the same time you are assuring for yourself a place in God’s new world of righteousness, there to enjoy work and life forevermore.—Rev. 14:13; Heb. 6:10.

in Hi

By “Awake!” correspondent in Canada

DOUBLE victory for Jehovah’s witnesses in the Supreme Court of Canada! That was the stirring news announced by the

•'Honorable Patrick Kerwin, Chief Justice 'of Canada, on January 27, 1959, as the nine red-robed justices at Ottawa rendered two decisions against the unlawful actions of Quebec officials. The first con-tpemned officer was no less than Maurice pupiessis, premier and attorney general, who was ordered to pay Frank Roncarelli, one of Jehovah’s witnesses, $33,123 and costs for ruining Roncarelli’s restaurant business by unlawfully canceling a permit. The second was Paul Benoit, provincial police officer, condemned to pay $2,500 damages and costs to Louise Lamb, missionary of Jehovah’s witnesses, for false arrest and malicious prosecution.

The condemnation of Duplessis, premier of a province, was unparalleled in the entire history of Canada. The drama of having a high officer of state brought to account before the courts of justice at the suit of a humble citizen brought the administration of justice into its finest light.

Headlines and news stories bla-• zoned the information across the nation: “Supreme Court Rules Against Duplessis”; “Duplessis Loses to Sect”; “Order Duplessis to Pay’ “Roncarelli Wins Court Decision.” Radio and television also gave these stunning victories a prominent place. Liberty-loving Canadians do not approve dictator Duplessis’ strong-arm methods, and they wefe happy to see him cut down to size. The illustration on the next page reproduced from the Toronto Daily Star typifies popular reaction toward the lesson the Supreme Court gave this self-important little man.

The Roncarelli Case

The story of this case goes back to the trying days of 1946, when Duplessis was riding high and the persecution of Jehovah's witnesses in Catholic Quebec was at its worst. These humble Christian ministers desired only to be free to preach the message of God’s kingdom in the Province of Quebec as in all other parts of the Western world. Their ministry was being carried on by means of both oral and printed dissemination of religious preaching. The Catholic Church objected and the Quebec authorities made tremendous efforts to stop Jehovah’s witnesses. Duplessis swore to run them out of the province. “War without mercy on Jehovah’s witnesses” were his orders to the provincial police. Arrests, beatings, mobbings—a medieval reign of terror followed.

Hundreds of false charges of soliciting, peddling, etc., were laid against Jehovah’s witnesses in Montreal and other Quebec districts. Any accused person is entitled to bail pending trial. Frank Roncarelli, who owned a fine restaurant in Montreal, signed bonds in a large number of cases to effect the release of the witnesses of Jehovah awaiting trial. On November 12, 1946, he had signed 391 of such bonds. No money was put up; he simply guaranteed Jehovah's witnesses would all appear for trial. They all did appear too, for they are people of principle.

To publicize this disgraceful, modern-day inquisition by Quebec officials, Jehovah’s witnesses released, on November 24, 1946, a public statement of the outrages that they had suffered. It was entitled “Quebec’s Burning Hate for God and Christ and Freedom Is the Shame of All Canada.” Waves of further arrests followed. Duplessis also tried to strike at Jehovah’s witnesses by ruining Roncarel-li’s business. On December 4, 1946, he canceled Roncarelli’s license to sell wines and liquor with meals, which is customary and necessary in better-class establishments in Montreal. The restaurant went out of business. What could Roncarelli do about this? He had done nothing wrong, yet his livelihood was destroyed. The odds against him in a contest with Duplessis appeared hopeless. Nevertheless, he sued the premier personally for ruining his business. Before the trial judge, Justice MacKinnon of the Superior Court, Duplessis arrogantly stated he had ordered cancellation of the permit “now and forever.” Justice MacKinnon ruled in favor of Roncarelli, awarding damages of $8,123. Duplessis appealed to the Quebec Court of Appeal, where he won by a four-to-one majority. The case was then taken by Roncarelli to the Supreme Court of Canada.

False Arrest by Duplessis’ Police

Meanwhile, Duplessis' “war without mercy,” his bitter persecution of Jehovah’s witnesses, continued. Only three days after the cancellation of the Roncarelli license, Louise Lamb, a lady minister, was arrested at Verdun, Quebec, December 7, 1946, by Paul Benoit, provincial police officer. Benoit was under instructions to arrest Jehovah’s witnesses who were distributing the document entitled “Quebec’s Burning Hate.” Sister Lamb had no copies of this document, but he arrested her anyhow in a most arbitrary manner.

The arrest took place on a Saturday and she was held over the weekend without charge, without being permitted to call her friends or counsel. She was photographed, fingerprinted and treated as a common criminal. Confinement in the police headquarters was under filthy conditions. A sick and terribly diseased prostitute was locked up in the same cell, using the same conveniences.

After suffering all this disgusting treatment, this decent young woman was then told by Benoit on Monday that he had “good news” for her: he would let her go. Just one little item: sign a release agreeing not to take any action against him for unlawfully holding her in prison for three days under these revolting conditions. If she would not sign, a criminal charge would be laid. Although alone, and under very trying circumstances, Sister Lamb maintained integrity to right principles and refused to be coerced into signing the release. Benoit la’d a criminal charge against her, which the court promptly dismissed.

CUTTING HIM DOWN TO SIZE

A civil action was instituted against Benoit for false arrest and malicious prosecution. The case proceeded to trial before the Superior Court of the Province of Quebec, and was appealed to the provincial Court of Appeal. Both courts dismissed her action on technical grounds. Appeal was then taken to the Supreme Court of Canada to lay before the nation’s highest tribunal the abuses suffered by Jehovah’s witnesses.

These two actions, the Roncarelli case and the Lamb case, both arising out of Duplessis’ insane campaign of persecution against this minority Christian group, reached the Supreme Court of Canada at the same time. The country watched. The Supreme Court itself was on trial. Could the Quebec police escape punishment for this false arrest? Would this powerful, unscrupulous political figure get away with his cowardly act of destroying the livelihood of a citizen? Was this little dictator above the law?

Dictator Faces Justice at Last

The Supreme Court came through the test with honors and truly lived up to its reputation as the bulwark of civil liberties. The majority judgment was 6 to 3 in favor of Jehovah’s witnesses in both actions.

Justice Rand of the Supreme Court reviewed the history of the controversy: "For some years the appellant [Roncarelli] had been an adherent of a rather militant Christian religious sect known as the Witnesses of Jehovah, Their ideology condemns the established church institutions and stresses the absolute and exclusive personal relation of the individual to the Deity. The first impact of their proselytizing zeal upon the Roman Catholic church and community in Quebec, as might be expected, produced a violent reaction. The work of the Witnesses was carried on both by word of mouth and by the distribution of printed matter, the latter including two periodicals known as ‘The Watchtower’ and ‘Awake!’ In 1945 the provincial authorities began to take steps to bring an end to what was considered insulting and offensive to the religious beliefs and feelings of the Roman Catholic population. Large-scale arrests were made of young men and women by whom the publications mentioned were being held out for sale under local by-laws requiring a license for peddling any kind of wares. Altogether almost one thousand of such charges were laid. The appellant, being a person of some means, was accepted by the Recorder’s Court as bail without question, and up to November 12, 1946, he had gone security in about 380 cases ... all of the charges in relation to which he had become surety were dismissed.

"Beyond the giving of bail and being an adherent, the appellant is free from any relation that could be tortured into a badge of character pertinent to his fitness or unfitness to hold a liquor license. The liquor license, as of December 4, 1946, was revoked.

"It is then wholly as a private citizen, an adherent of a religious group, holding a liquor license and furnishing bail to arrested persons for no other purpose than to enable them to be released from detention pending the determination of the charges against them that he is involved . . . When the de facto power of the Executive is exercised deliberately and intentionally to destroy the vital business interests of a citizen, is there legal redress by him against the person so acting?”

The Court judgment gave the answer: Yes, there is legal redress in this democratic state for the citizen wronged by this unscrupulous political boss! Justice Rand said: “To deny or revoke a permit because a citizen exercises an unchallengeable right [i.e. the right of giving bail] totally irrelevant to the sale of liquor in a restaurant is equally beyond the scope of the discretion conferred . . . what could be more malicious than to punish this licensee for having done what he had an absolute right to do in a matter utterly irrelevant to the Liquor Act? The act of the respondent was a gross abuse of legal power to punish him for an act wholly irrelevant to the statute, a punishment which inflicted on him, as it was intended to do, the destruction of his economic life as a restaurant keeper within the province.”

Another of the majority judges, Justice Martland, stated concerning Duplessis’ action: “That was something entirely outside his legal functions. It involved the exercise of powers which, in law, he did not possess at all. . . . The respondent intentionally inflicted damage upon the appellant, and, therefore, in the absence of lawful justification, which I do not find, he is liable to the appellant.”

And so, the resounding and strongly condemnatory judgments of the majority of the Supreme Court brought home to “the boss,” Monsieur Duplessis, the surprising news (to him) that he is not above the law. In addition to the damages of $33,123, he was ordered to pay interest and costs. The total assessment will be well over $50,000. In Montreal a French-language newspaper announced that members of the Knights of Columbus and other Catholic organizations were laying plans to gather money with which to pay Duplessis’ debt for him by means of a subscription campaign.

On the same day that the Premier was called to account by the Supreme Court for his persecution of Jehovah’s witnesses, provincial policeman Paul Benoit was also condemned to pay $2,500 damages plus costs to Louise Lamb. Thus Quebec authority, both high and low, stood publicly condemned for its lawlessness in trying to destroy the liberty of Jehovah's people.

The facts concerning Sister Lamb are recounted by Justice Rand: “The arrest and prosecution were quite without justification or excuse and the detention of the appellant over the weekend was carried out in a manner and in conditions little short of disgraceful. ... To Benoit it was patent that the appellant was not distributing the issue of the paper containing the alleged libel, nor was there a scrap of evidence on which he could have acted to connect her with the- acts of the other three distributors. All this is concluded by what took place at the police station when, in what is said to be the routine practice, Miss Lamb was offered her liberty in exchange for a release of claims, a proposal which she spumed."

Public Reaction

The drama of having the head of the Quebec Catholic state sued and defeated at law by an ordinary citizen made the Roncarelli case an outstanding example of justice in action.

The Telegram, Toronto, said editorially: “The judgment of the Supreme Court of Canada against Premier Duplessis is not so much a decision in favour of the Appellant, Frank Roncarelli, as a declaration championing the rights of individuals against the misuse of authority, . . . Personal liberty, in itself a treasure beyond price, has been upheld by the Supreme Court against the trespass of a prime minister of a province. Therein lies the significance and the impressiveness of the court’s judgment. No man, however high and mighty, may inflict injustice upon an individual however low his station; no authority may misuse power to deprive a person of his rights. Authority before the law stands bareheaded and accountable for its actions. This is shining justice where the humblest man triumphs over power because his cause is right.”

From the Toronto Daily Star we read: “Premier Duplessis of Quebec said in effect ‘I am the law.’ The Supreme Court of Canada ruled otherwise; it will not tolerate Mr. Duplessis or any other politician riding roughshod over Canadian citizens and their legal rights. . . . The decision was a vigorous affirmation of the right to religious freedom and equally a defence for the private citizen against any government’s arbitrary decisions. In putting Mr. Duplessis in his place, the Supreme Court is acting in a consistent manner to buttress civil rights in Canada.”

The Ottawa Citizen reviewed the successful fight Jehovah’s witnesses have waged on behalf of freedom against the inroads of Duplessis: “To many Canadians, it will seem that justice has been done in the Roncarelli case, at least in principle. . . . Mr. Duplessis' laws for discouraging opinion of which he disapproves have taken quite a battering. In 1950 in the Boucher case [Aime Boucher, one of Jehovah’s witnesses] the Supreme Court of Canada rejected Quebec's claim that a Jehovah’s Witnesses pamphlet was ‘seditious libel.’ In 1953 in the Saumur case it ruled that a Quebec City bylaw used to stop distribution of Jehovah’s Witnesses publications contravened the Quebec Freedom of Worship Act. ... He may be checked by defeats in court, but civil liberties will not be safe in Quebec while such actions characterize government.”

The Roncarelli and Lamb decisions are two more important judgments in favor of freedom in Canada. Jehovah’s witnesses appreciate the work of honest and sincere judges who administer justice with an even hand to both rich and poor. Such efforts are to be commended. It must be recalled, however, that it is the courage and integrity of Jehovah’s witnesses, who hold to right principles regardless of the difficulties confronting them, that have brought these issues before the bar of the highest court and established protection for the civil liberties of all the people. This long-drawn battle of Jehovah’s witnesses against dictatorship from Quebec has raised a strong bulwark of legal principle that is holding back the tide of oppression and destruction of minority rights by lawless officialdom.

Protection

*8* In his book Officers Against Hitler Fabian von Schlabrendorff writes:

“The meeting with Hitler took place in Field-Marshal Kluge’s personal quarters. As he entered the office, Hitler laid down the peculiar military-style cap

he always wore. I had always been curious about this cap. Now, with no one watching, I impulsively reached to pick it up and have a look. I was startled

to find it heavy as a cannon ball. On examination, I saw why. Our dauntless dictator, who professed to be beloved by all Germans, had his cap lined with fully three and a half pounds of protective plate,’’

BRAZIL is not standing still as a nation but is growing. It is becoming an increasingly prominent country in the eyes of the world. This is so not only because of its political strength in South America but also because of its growing strength in world markets.

Following the visit of Vice-President Nixon of the United States to South America last year President Juscelino Kubit-schek de Oliveira of Brazil launched the "Pan-American Operation” by a letter to the president of the United States. This action focused the world’s attention on Brazil as a nation of growing prominence.

Generally, people outside South America are not aware of the changes that have been taking place in this country. They know Brazil only as a country of friendly people, dense jungles, the world’s second-longest river and the two famous cities of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. During the last two decades this Portuguese-speaking country has been undergoing a change from an almost entirely agricultural nation to an industrial one. Its remarkable transformation makes it a country worthy of notice.

Brazil is probably one of the outstanding examples of what is happening in this part of the world. It is undergoing an economic and industrial expansion. With a popula-

CHANGING

tion of over sixty-one million that is growing at the rate of more than a million a year, it has the makings of a strong and economically powerful nation. It has been expanding its market at the rate of ten million or more new customers every ten years.

New steel mills and related industries have sprung up in recent years. An entirely new automobile industry is now in its second year. New dams and power projects have been completed and others are in the course of being constructed. New highways are being built that will cross the country from the Amazon River down to the Uruguayan border and also from east to west. It is beginning to tap its great reserves of high-grade iron ore. It has been estimated'that Brazil has a fifth of the world’s reserves of this ore.

In its early days the exportation of brazilwood caused Brazil to become well known in many parts of the world. Its fame grew when it became the exclusive exporter of the product of its native hevea bratiiliensis, the rubber tree. Still later it added coffee to its list of exports and grew to be the world’s biggest exporter of coffee. For decades its economy was dependent upon coffee, but growing competition from other countries as well as bumper crops have made coffee an unreliable basis for the nation’s economy. Regarding this Life magazine said: "But coffee is a dangerously insecure prop. It accounts for 70 percent of Brazil’s export earnings and if the world price slides down, the country’s whole economy trembles.”

The need for a diversified economy and of better production methods has made the country look about for investments, knowhow and machinery. One of the prospective sources of such aid is the big neighbor to the north, the United States,

Growth Affects the Common Man

The change coming over Brazil is, of course, affecting the common man. Commodities that were practically unknown to him a few years ago are now available. But there is the evil of rising prices and a loss in money’s purchasing power.

During the war and the years following it, Brazil experienced an economic prosperity that brought quick profits to some of its people and higher wages for the average worker. This prosperity contributed to putting cities like Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo among the fastest-growing cities of the world.

Big profits on one hand and the growing needs of the common people on the other have caused the Brazilian people to become more conscious of their government. Hie political freedom that followed the end of the Vargas regime produced various factions that have advocated their own solutions for the country’s problems.

A big problem that has faced the country during the past year has been the severe drought in the northeastern part of Brazil. Drought refugees have numbered into the hundreds of thousands. The trouble appears to stem from a failure on the part of the people to apply the principles of soil conservation. Because the soil has been stripped and overworked it fails to hold water. The land is turning into deserts. David de Azambuja, the director of Brazil’s Forestry Service, has warned that the northeast part of the country will be a complete desolation within fifteen years if the wasting of the land continues at the present rate. One of-the main causes of this problem has been the policy of planters and squatters to clear land for planting by burning the forest. After they have exhausted the land in a couple of years they move to another location and bum down another big section of woodland.

The Forestry Service is doing its best to stop this wanton wasting of the land. It also has made a start toward reforestation. The task is tremendous in such a big country.

Another problem confronting Brazil is inflation. There has been a steady increase in prices that has not made the common people a bit happy. Their displeasure was shewn at the end of last October when there was an increase in bus and streetcar fares in Sao Paulo. A public demonstration resulted in several deaths and in scores of wounded persons. Damage done to buses and streetcars amounted to millions of cruzeiros. Demonstrations against the rising cost of living have also taken place in other parts of the country. The failure of several banks did not improve matters. To cover the bank losses the government issued over five million cruzeiros in paper money.

Toward the middle of October, agricultural leaders in the state of Parana announced a monumental “March of Production” of farmers. The purpose of the march to the capital was to lay the demands of the farmers before the government. One of their complaints was that certain fiscal instructions issued by a government agency tended “to protect more the industry” and helped in “aggravating the farm crisis.” This march was stopped by orders from the army.

All these troubles might be classed as growing pains of a great nation. By overcoming them in a wise manner the country can make progress that will benefit all her people.

Although there are differences of opinion on how to solve the problems facing the growing nation of Brazil, there is generally little difference of opinion about the basic needs of the country. There is also agreement on the necessity of developing the "hinterland,” which is the spareely populated interior. One of the reasons for building new highways in the interior and for constructing there the new capital, Brasilia, is to draw some of Brazil’s population away from the crowded eastern section of the country.

Foreign Aid

There is a sentiment prevailing throughout Latin America that the United States should pay more attention to the countries there. Regarding this Roberto Oliveira Campos, president of the Brazilian National Bank of Economic Development, said: “The residual treatment accorded by the United States, both to Brazil and to the rest of Latin America, is causing serious friction in the economic field of the Western Hemisphere.”

The fact that the United States has been far more generous with its foreign aid to other parts of the world than to South America is pointed to as a cause for bad feelings. The Pan-American Operation has called attention to the fact that the foreign aid apportioned by the United States during a twelve-year period was 64.3 percent for European countries, 23.2 percent for Asia, 9.8 percent for Middle Eastern and African countries, but only 2.7 percent for its closest neighbor, Latin America. The United States will have to make some changes in her Latin-American aid if she wants to retain the friendship of the people there.

The economic situation is compelling Brazil to look for buyers for her 1958 to 1959 coffee crop. Some have estimated this crop to be close to one half of the expected World production. The approximately 26 million bags of exportable coffee from this crop, along with the large stockpiles of coffee on hand, must be sold. Brazil cannot afford to be fussy as to who buys.

It seems that when old problems are solved new ones will invariably pop up. This must be expected in a growing nation that is undergoing a great change. Nevertheless, the common man in Brazil is somewhat perplexed. The land of "patience,” as some have called Brazil, finds itself In circumstances that used to be associated only with other parts of the world. There are new rises in prices, new wage demands, threats of strikes, protest demonstrations and heated political disputes. The common man in Brazil has become apprehensive for the future. But he is not alone in such feelings. These are common throughout the world. All nations are faced with serious problems.

The Bible long ago foretold the present state of affairs when it said that men would “become faint out of fear and expectation of the things coming upon the inhabited earth.” (Luke 21:26) Rather than become fainthearted, the people of Brazil and of the whole world should turn to the encouraging promises of God’s written Word.

Bible prophecies foretold the troubles that afflict mankind and indicate that they are visible proof of the coming end of the present wicked system of things and the beginning of a new system of things. All who trust the divine promises have reason to rejoice, for Jesus said: “But as these things start to occur, raise yourselves erect and lift your heads up, because your deliverance is getting near.” (Luke 21:28) The rule of God’s heavenly kingdom will bring the biggest change to the people of Brazil. It will be a change that will bring them eternal blessings.

GOOD posture is a case of mind over matter. It appears to be a uniquely human problem. Thus we are told that “the young of quadrupeds are usually able to stand and walk at birth, but for children from one to two years are required, since these are complex reflex acts which are learned only through long trial and error.” And no wonder, since “merely standing erect involves the co-ordinated control of thousands of muscles, nerves and bones.”

Does this mean that nian is at a disadvantage as compared with the lower animals? Yes, it does, reply many worldly-wise men. Says one of them: “It has been said that man is 'fearfully and wonderfully made.’ I am inclined to agree with that statement—especially the ‘fearfully’ part of it. As a piece of machinery we humans are such a hodgepodge and makeshift that the real wonder resides in the fact that we get along as well as we do.” He speaks of the body’s “terrific mechanical imbalance,” and blames backaches, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, fallen arches, bunions and calluses on our walking on two feet instead of four. In the same vein, another insists that “we’d be better off on all fours.”

To all such who tacitly cavil at the wisdom displayed in the Creator’s handiwork a few questions may well be posed: Why do even peoples untouched by modern civilization walk tall and erect? Why are they often free from all such ills? For that matter, why do not all humans even in so-called highly civilized lands suffer from these W ills? And P why is it that an obvious cause can usually be found for such that responds to commonsense treatment? Granted, for the sake of argument, that man’s upright position poses certain difficulties, these are most negligible in view of the advantages man has by reason of his erect position.

A'o Hodgepodge

The fact is that men noted for their knowledge of biology or physiology, far from finding fault with the construction of the human body, wax eloquent in their praise of it. Says Nobel prize winner Dr. A. Carrell: “Man has been given power over his environment by the shape of his skeleton. . . . The elasticity, strength and adaptiveness of the lower limbs . . . have never been equalled by our machines . . . The three levers, articulated on the pelvis, adapt themselves with marvelous suppleness to all postures, efforts and movements. They carry us on the polished floor of the ballroom and . . , on the slopes of the Rocky Mountains. They enable us to walk, to run, ... to wander all over the earth and under all conditions.”

Testimony also is at hand as to the advantage man’s upright stance has been to his brain. For one thing, it thereby has far better drainage. And how much better we can see and hear things by reason of our walking erect! Consider also our hands. Well has it been said of them: “We would never have acquired our mastery over matter without the aid of our fingers. . . . The hand is a masterpiece. Simultaneously it feels and acts ... as if endowed with sight." The hand is so useful “owing to the unique properties of its skin, its tactile nerves, its muscles and its bones.” Our hands could not have these properties if we had to walk on them.

Note also the testimony of the late Sherrington, one of Britain’s leading physiologists. According to him, far from man’s upright stance being a handicap it is a factor in man’s being by far the most intelligent of all earth’s creatures. He quotes with approval the poet Milton’s lines about man's not being prone and brute, but by reason of his mind and upright position, ‘with front serene governing the rest.’ Yes, as Truslow, an authority on good posture or “body mechanics,” expresses it: “Mankind cannot condemn as unsafe or unfit this temple of the noble mind. In health bodily movements are purposeful and co-ordinated. We possess a wonderful piece of architecture; we are endowed with a very useful machine.’’

Proper Posture Pays

Implying rebuke of all critics of the Creator’s handiwork is the position taken by this authority on posture that “man can use his mind far more effectively than he does to examine the opportunities for more poised maintenance and practical repair of the habitus which is his.” If we do that we will find that improved posture pays off in better mental and physical health, in decreased fatigue and in better appearance. Many are the backaches as well as other ailments that corrected posture will cure. In fact, a team of physicians tells of not only curing indigestion, constipation and backaches by correcting bad posture but even of alleviating if not wholly curing many chronic diseases such as diabetes, arthritis and muscular dystrophy, although such latter involved hospitalization. Good posture is basic in chiropractic therapy, and both Swedish massage and osteopathy may be said to be based upon principles involving good posture.

In particular should parents be concerned with good posture of their children, as prevention is better than cure. In the United States 80 percent of the children have faulty posture. No wonder a physician complains because educators spend a lot of time making sure children do not have flat feet but ignore their backs, as a result of which many children grow up with posture deformities that could have been corrected.

The body, because of its erect position, is continually subjected to a heavy strain by reason of gravity. We can minimize this by keeping a good balance; and to the extent that we do we are making it easier for our body to stay healthy. “Body poise has always held a leading place in physical fitness. Nice balance from head to feet not only lessens strain of the structures involved, but, by maintaining vital organs in their normal relationships, each to each, enhances sufficient functioning of these organs.” In other words, our lungs cannot function properly if we stoop over with rounded shoulders; our digestive and eliminative organs cannot freely do their work if they are all piled on top of one another as is the case with the sagging stomach. Lack of balance also makes more work for the nervous system and impedes free flow of the blood.

That good posture also means physical strength is the conclusion that E. Check-ley, one of America’s strong men of a past generation, reached. He taught that more important than weight lifting and like strenuous exercises for the development of strong muscles were correct posture and correct breathing. This conclusion was corroborated by a leading trainer of strong men who found certain men of prodigious health and strength, yet who were not taking physical exercise seriously. Looking for a common denominator, he discovered that they all had one thing in common, correct posture in walking, standing and sitting.

Good posture also pays in comfort and decreased fatigue. It is easy to imagine the strain the leaning tower of Pisa represents; well, poor posture makes us leaning human towers! Fatigue caused by poor posture robs industry of millions of dollars annually. In recognition of this fact many employers hire experts to advise as to the most efficient equipment and positions for working.

Correct posture also pays off in improved mental health. Do we want to feel confident, optimistic, eager for the fray of dealing with the challenges that each day brings to us? Correct posture will help us greatly to acquire this mental disposition. As has often been said: Act confidently and you will feel confident. If you doubt that, burst out in hearty laughter for just no reason at all. You will find that you feel better for it even though you did so for no particular reason!

And finally, good posture aids our appearance, and all of us should want to appear at our best. Actors especially appreciate this fact. They know that they can give their audience the impression they wish by assuming a particular posture. By walking erectly we look younger and invite confidence and respect instead of pity and doubt. Good posture takes a few inches off our waistline, which we can easily spare, and adds them to our height, which added inches are an asset. So correct posture pays off in better physical and mental health and strength, more comfort, improved appearance and less fatigue.

How to Go About It

Good posture applies to standing, walking, sitting and even lying down or sleeping. In some lands custom indicates various forms of squatting or kneeling upon the floor or ground. Anthropologists tell us that while “man differs from the apes in his standing posture, . . . this is only one among some 1,000 positions of which he is capable.” Yes, they have found that many different steady postures or static positions “which can be maintained comfortably for some time.”

Of course, if you are an extrovert, athletically inclined, in good health and have an intermediate type of physique, neither underweight nor overweight for your height, good posture may come natural to you, especially if you use good judgment as regards your clothing. But if not, then most likely you will have to give good posture thought and effort.

As to how to go about it—the remedy does not lie in going to the opposite extreme. The exaggerated “shoulderback” posture is nearly as bad as the drooping posture. A ramrod uprightness is both artificial and uncomfortable and resembles the natural posture as much as a telephone pole resembles the upright pine or poplar tree.

“Good posture stresses the well held-in abdomen,” we are told. While that is true, the best way to go about it is to “draw the chin in and the chest up and forward,” for thereby “the abdomen is drawn up into place and the girth is reduced by several inches.” Good standing posture is indicated if, when standing close to a wall facing it, the chest touches before the head or abdomen does.

Good posture in walking requires that our head, chest and hips be in a straight line. Many peoples unspoiled by modern civilization have such good posture that the balancing of large burdens upon their heads while walking furnishes no problem for them whatsoever. Good training along this line is to walk while balancing a book on your head. If we have been in the habit of walking with drooped shoulders and sagging stomach, it will take a little concentration and effort to walk correctly. With time, however, it will become a matter of habit and will pay dividends both in health and pleasure in walking. Walk with hands swinging at your side, avoiding extremes as regards the length of your steps.

Sitting also poses a posture problem. Sit well back in your chair and upright, twisting neither to the left nor to the right. Let your feet rest fiat on the floor, and when leaning forward do so from your hips, not from your waist. Crossing your legs at the knees obstructs both the nervous and circulatory systems; if you feel you must cross your legs, do so at the ankles. Very helpful are good posture chairs that have properly shaped seats and adjustable backs so as to give support where it is needed.

And finally, good posture also applies to our lying down, our sleeping habits. It is usually good to lie straight in bed. Take a good stretch upon retiring and before rising. In fact, one of the best aids to acquiring good posture is the stretching habit. Many a backache is caused by a sagging bed. Conversely, many a one is cured by the right kind of bed. Sleeping in a sagging bed that curves their spine gets children off to a very bad start as regards good posture.

Truly, good posture is a case of mind over matter. There is nothing wrong in the way we Sre constructed; the advantages of erect stance far outweigh any problems caused by it. Good posture pays in improved mental and physical health and strength, in more comfort and less fatigue and in better appearance. It applies to our standing, walking, sitting and sleeping, and requires keeping head up, shoulders back, chin in, chest up and forward; avoiding, however, a ramrod pose. Nothing we can do in behalf of our health will give us such rich rewards without any expenditure of money and so little effort as cultivating good posture. As a group of physicians in the United States, authorities in body mechanics (posture), point out, good posture will do for us what no doctor or antibiotics can do for us: add endurance and stamina to our bodies, enabling us to respond better to the demands of our environment, leading, in turn, to lasting improvement of our health.

l/oice 1/a.tiaty

C. In Your Voice and Your Speech Beatrice DesfossSs writes: "The timbre of your voice is the quality which makes it distinguishable from the voices of others. The more your voice is freed from tensions, the more individual it becomes. Your voice is a reflection of your inmost self—your dreams remembered and forgotten, your hopes and fears, as well as your physique and inherited tendencies. At the same time your voice reacts, chameleonlike, to the people with whom you associate —your companions in work and play—and to national and sectional influences.

Your voice also varies with the state of your mind and body. Someone who knows you well can detect unerringly the condition of your health and spirits when you speak to him over the telephone. Your voice is the sum of you, tempered by conditions that affect you at the moment."

By "Awake!" correspondent in South Africa

<yf+ht

$un"

iQR at least 5,000 years has placed great value

man on a

soft yellow metal—gold. Very likely, the very first man who ever lived valued this metal, for in “the book of Adam’s history,” which is incorporated in the book of Genesis, we read concerning the river that issued out of Eden: “From there it began to be parted and it became, as it were, four heads. The first one’s name .is Pishon; it is the one encircling the entire land of Havilah where there is gold. And the gold of that land is good.” (Gen. 2:1012) In all ages since that first one men have considered gold to be "good.” Kings and empires have counted their wealth and power by it.

Gold has several qualities that excite the admiration and desire of men. First are its luster and beauty, a warm, rich glow akin to the glory of the sun. From earliest times this quality has stirred the imaginations of men. Among the Egyptians, Assyrians and Babylonians gold was inextricably bound up with their worship of the sun, To the Greeks gold was elektron; to the Romans it was electrum. Both names are derived from elektor, which means “the sun.” The Incas of Peru believed gold to be “the tears of the sun,” and held it sacred. Directly and indirectly, men have worshiped gold.

A unique quality of gold is its apparently endless durability. Archaeologist Sir Leonard Woolley, leader of the expedition that in the 1920’s sensationally uncovered the post

…