Awake!, January 8, 1955
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JANUARY 8, 1955 semimonthly
THE MISSION OF THIS JOURNAL
News sources that are able to keep you awake to th* vita! issues of our times must be unlettered by censorship and selfish Interests. “Awake 1” has no fetters. It recognizes facts, faces facts, Is free to publish facts. It is not bound by political ambitions or obligations; it Is unhampered by advertisers whose toes must not be trodden on; ft is unprejudiced by traditional creeds This journal keeps Itself free that it may speak freely to you. But it does not abuse its freedom. It maintains integrity to truth.
"Awake 1” uses the regular news channels, but is not dependent on them. Its own correspondents are on all continents, in scores of nations. From the four corners of the earth their uncensored, on-the-scenes reports come to you through these columns. This journal’s viewpoint is not narrow, but is international. It is read in many nations, in many languages, by persons of all ages. Through Its pages many fields of knowledge pass in review—government, commerce, religion, history, geography, science, social conditions, natural wonders—why, its coverage is as broad as the earth and as high as the heavens.
“Awake I” pledges itself to righteous principles, to exposing hidden foes and subtle dangers, to championing freedom for all, to comforting mourners and strengthening those disheartened by the failures of & delinquent world, reflecting sure hope for the establishment of a righteous New World.
Get acquainted with “Awake I” Keep awake by reading “Awake lM
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CONTENTS
Pinball Craze Hits Japan
Gambling—Does It Square
with Christianity?
Having Trouble with Nylons?
Shark Swallows Boy
The Amazing Antarctica
Embattled Formosa
'Heads Absent Without Leave'
The Keenest Noses in Nature
Outfoxing the Fox
The Language All Motorists Know —Honking!
The Clans of Scotland
“Ruining the Earth”
The Parsis, Followers of Zoroaster
“Your Word Is Truth"
A Shock for Sunday Worshipers
Jehovah's Witnesses Preach in
All the Earth—Italy
Do You Know?
Watching the World
Volume XXXVI
Brooklyn, N. Y., January 8. 1965
Number 1
Pinball Craze Hits Japan
ONE of the greatest gambling crazes in history has gripped Japan. What is its significance? What are the effects? Students of gambling are now compiling data. They want to know how a mammoth craze affects the population, how it affects individual lives: the life of a physician, housewife, baby, pupil, executive and politician.
But first, what kind of game is involved? It is pachinko, an upright-standing pinball machine that has no blazing lights, no ringing bells; but it does have an array of nails protecting winning cavities. A lever kicks a steel ball around a board. If a ball falls into one of nine winning cubicles, the player gains ten new balls. The extra balls can be turned in for certain kinds of merchandise. What probably heightens the game’s enticement is the low cost of operation per play. Each ball costs about half a cent. Still the amount of money siphoned out of the public pockets by pachinko is by no means small. During one year Japan spent 100,000,000,000 yen ($276,000,000) on the machines, or 11.7 per cent of the entire national budget!
Pachinko playing can be detected from a distance by the hail-like pelting of the balls. In fact, the game receives its name from the sound it registers in Japanese ears. The players know well the habit of playing for hour after hour. Thus there is the spectacle of a “pachinko parlor,” where the machines are lined up row after row. Almost every machine will be in full blast with teeming addicts engrossed in them.
Reports on the effects of this gambling rage have, in many respects, been what experts expected. For example, take pa-chinko’s effect on executives of big industrial enterprises. They are not at all happy. This is because many pachinko shops have opened up near the exits of the factories. Workers—men and women alike—take their pay there and are promptly fleeced. This, in turn, adversely affects marriages. A 26-year-old wife was granted a divorce from her husband on grounds that he lost their savings to the pachinko machine. A husband in Osaka gained a divorce because the wife had turned into a raving pachinko-maniac. So overwhelming is the craze that doctors report cases of sprained thumbs resulting from an overindulgence. This affliction, being somewhat common, has become known as pachinkosis.
But though the craze may have its humorous aspects, its true effects are bitterly tragic. Two teen-age boys, after selling their personal belongings to play pachinko, sold their blood. When authorities took them into custody, they were too weak to talk. The New York Times, reporting on some effects, said that pachinko has “supplanted the lunch hour, lowered student book purchases and marks and made housewives neglect their babies. It has led to suicides and petty crime. . . . Many a Diet [Parliament] member has received and given support to pachinko owners, many of whom are tied in with local politicians and neighborhood hoodlums.”
Now as to the magnitude of the craze. Perhaps this can be best illustrated by author Edward Hunter’s startling description given in the Oregon (Portland) Journal of August 25,1954: "On my way back to Asia I stopped over at Las Vegas to see the highly publicized gambling centers. I never suspected that these would seem like small-time stuff when I returned to Japan. Imagine several gambling districts, each with as many slot machines as there are in all of Las Vegas, in each of the main cities of the United States. This will give you an idea of the extent of the ‘pachinko’ craze that has struck Japan. Cities such as Osaka outdo even Tokyo in this gambling craze. There has never been anything like it in Japan before, or anywhere else in the world. There is more gambling any day or night now in Tokyo than in Monte Carlo, Macao or Indochina’s Cholon.”
A colossal craze, sinister effects. What does the pleasure- and prize-seeking craze mean? It only intensifies mounting evidence of the sign of the "last days” of this wicked system of things: ‘Know this, that in the last days critical times hard to deal with will be here. For men will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, disobedient to parents, without self-control, lovers of pleasures rather than lovers of God/—2 Timothy 3:1-4, New World Trans.
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Does It Square mth*£hristianity?
E was a time when persons with two dollars to wager would have to travel to a race track or else find a dark alley. Not any more! They just go to church. True, not every church today has adopted gambling, but the number of churches that have is amazingly large; it would
bags, priz-parties, foot-1s and raffles, stakes may be ed "donations,” the players really
be much larger if many antigambling laws did not prevail. When it comes to this matter of filling church coffers with the help of "Lady Luck,” some people overanxious-ly point their finger at the Roman Catholic Church. If they were more observant they would notice that Protestant churches in significant numbers have also jumped on the try-your-luck bandwagon, featuring
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ontie, not to donate, but to take. Gambling is still gambling whether it is in church or a back-room saloon. So ons rightly ask, Does gam-with Christianity?
Many professed Christians say it does. They proffer five popular statements to justify church gambling: (1) The nation of Israel used lots; (2) church gambling is only small-time; (3) it is the abuse of gambling that is sinful, not gambling; (4) the Bible does not condemn gambling by
name, and (5) gambling profits go to a worthy cause; so the end justifies the means. Are these justifications for gambling sound? Can they endure the errordestroying light of God’s inspired Word, the Bible? It will be interesting to see.
Throughout >h« world millions of profotiod Christiana gambla dally. Many of thorn have asked questions about gambling, but too often they receive foggy answers. Is it true there is nothing morally wrong in gambling? What does the light from God’s Word reveal about gambling as a money-raising practice for professed Christian organizations?
First, the lots mentioned in the Bible. A careful reading of the Scriptures reveals that no lots were ever used by Jehovah’s people for pleasure or moneymaking purposes. No selfish gain was involved. No temples or priests were enriched. Only when a serious matter had to be settled were lots used. It pleased Jehovah that lots be used to determine his will in a controversy. That seeking God’s direction was the purpose of the lots, God’s Word declares: “The lot is cast into the lap; but the whole decision is of Jehovah.” (Proverbs 16:33, Darby) Since no money or amusement was connected with the lots used by Jehovah’s servants, the lots used by Israel and by the apostles cannot be used to justify gambling.
Is Church Gambling Insignificant?
Some say that any talk about church gambling is harping on trivialities, for such gambling, it is asserted, is small-time. In this regard a statement made by Life magazine a few years ago is thoughtstimulating. It said that more Americans risk money in church lotteries than in any issue of November 5,1952, said of bingo in just one country in Christendom, America: “Nobody knows how much money bingo absorbs annually but it must approach the stratospheric $1.6 billion [$1,600,000,000] wagered annually on the ponies.’’ So nickels and dimes count up. Many individual churches make gambling an elephantsized business. The Glendale (California) News-Press has a column “The Worry Clinic” by Dr. George W, Crane, a physician. In the issue of May 28, 1954, Dr. Crane wrote:
other form of gambling! The news magazine Pathfinder, in its
“Our daughter Judy attended a church gambling party here in Chicago... Among other gambling devices in full swing was a mechanical game which operated as a horse race. The parishioners were to lay their bets on any one of five or six ponies. After all the money was down the cleric would tamper with the machine so the winner would be the horse on which the fewest bets had been made. The church took in over $2,000 that night, on this one item, for Judy was asked to help tally the money and wrap it in packages for deposit. And that horse racing gadget was just one of many other gambling devices.”
So church gambling is hardly small-time. But whether gambling is- large or small, whether it is “abused" or not, is really not the vital factor. It is principle. If gambling is wrong, it is wrong to do it with nickels just as much as with
$5,000. The unbending principle^ we must never forget, is the one laid down by Christ himself: “The person faithful in what is least Is faithful also in much, and the person unrighteous in what is least is unrighteous also in much.”—Luke 16:10, Aew World Trans.
A Biblical Appraisal of Gambling
We can acquire an insight into God's view of gambling by noting what happened to the backsliding Israelites when they took up the vile habits of the pagans and began sacrificing to false gods and goddesses, some of which were deities of the gamblers: “Ye that forsake Jehovah, that forget rny holy mountain, that prepare a table for Fortune, and that fill up mingled wine unto Destiny; I will destine you to the sword.” (Isaiah 65:11, 12, Am. Stan. Ver.) Moffatt’s translation of verse 11 reads: “Spreading tables to Good Luck, pouring libations to Fate.” So the Jews incurred Jehovah’s fierce anger when they sacrificed to the gods and goddesses of gamblers.
Who were the ones that gambled in the Bible? Not Christians, but pagans. Pagan Roman soldiers gambled with lots for Christ’s apparel, not Christians. (John 19: 24) Indeed, Christ Jesus never gambled. What do you think Jesus would say if he walked up to a group of Christianity-professing people engrossed in horse-racing games, bingo, raffles and roulette wheels, all of them going at full tilt? Bible readers have a good idea, from the way Jesus dealt with the money-changers in the temple: “It is written, ‘My house will be called a house of prayer,’ but you are making it a .cave of robbers.”—Matthew 21:13, New World Trans.
We cannot justify gambling, then, on the basis that the word itself does not appear in the Bible. For in truth the whole tenor of the Bible condemns the rotten fruits of gambling. Jesus gave us a rule by which we can distinguish the evil practice from the good: “There is not a fine tree producing rotten fruit; again there is not a rotten tree producing fine fruit For each tree is known by its own fruit.” —Luke 6:43, 44, New World Trans.
Rotten Fruits of Gambling
Gambling corrodes morals. It eats away at moral fiber until it is weakened disastrously. Contentment vanishes. The gambler is never satisfied; he always wants more. “Double or nothing,” he says. As soon as “Lady Luck” abandons a gambler, dishonesty tempts him. Eventually dishonesty triumphs. The love of money is fostered, and that leads to all kinds of injurious things. (1 Timothy 6:10) This is to be expected. The Bible rule is: “Those who are in accord with the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh.” Then the apostle explains: “Those who are in harmony with the flesh cannot please God.” —Romans 8:5, 8, New World Trans.
In the sight of most honest men church gambling is wrong. This means nothing to the clergy. They become so brazen that, if laws go against them, political pressure is applied to keep the gaming wheels spinning. The whole procedure is flagrantly contrary to the example of Christ’s apostles: “We ‘make honest provision, not only in the sight of Jehovah, but also in the sight of men’.” “We have renounced the underhanded things of which to be ashamed.”—2 Corinthians 8:21; 4:2, New World Trans.
Gambling foments disrespect for law. In 1953 two New Jersey candidates for governor tried to outdo each other by promising churches full exemption from the law against raffles and bingo. Thus some states have legalized gambling for churches, but in night clubs it is illegal. A double standard of morals has cropped up—with the churches decidedly on the lower level
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uphold it. An example of this recently occurred in New York. It happened this way: Deputy Chief Inspector Louis Goldberg was commanding the special Brooklyn morals squad. One day he halted gambling at a Jewish synagogue and three churches (two Roman Catholic and one Protestant). Goldberg was merely enforcing state law, which prohibited all gambling anywhere. But Goldberg’s superiors had adopted a policy of winking at church gambling. Goldberg was demoted. Said the New York Times: “We had been wondering for the past week how long it would be before Deputy Chief Inspector Louis Goldberg’s number came up.” The whole city, the Times’ editorial suggested, had been waiting for the ax to fall on a policeman who would dare enforce gambling laws against the clergy. Churches and politicians hoped that the whole affair would be quickly forgotten. But never will many persons forget the sneering contempt for law that was thus spawned. Declared The Christian Century: “When an honest cop is broken because he threatens the illicit financial income of churches, the moral havoc resulting is beyond calculation.”
Children are taught to regard the clergy as shining moral examples. So when the clergy, as they did in New York, break the law for their own gain by using various forms of mass gambling, what does this teach the young? Can a child really think gambling in school or in an ice-cream parlor is wrong when he can do it or see it done in church with the blessing of the parson?
Morals sag even lower when the clergy use children as their pawns. Children who are little more than toddlers are seen selling chances for the clergy. Note this report in the San Francisco Chronicle of October 15, 1954: “Complaints charging nuns at a
Catholic school with violating the State’s fomia} yesterday,” The complaint, said the Chronicle, charged teaching nuns "with participation in a lottery and with contributing to the delinquency of children by having them sell the chances. . .. The district attorney said a 10-year-old boy came into his office yesterday and asked him to purchase a chance on a 1955 Cadillac.” And so juvenile delinquency is one grim outcome of church gambling.
Gambling encourages laziness. In his book Problems of Conduct Durant Drake, a professor of ethics, wrote: “Insidiously this getting of unearned money promotes laziness, and the desire to acquire more money without work. It makes against loving relations with others, since one always gains at another’s expense. It quickly becomes a morbid passion, an unhealthy excitement, which absorbs too much energy and kills more natural enjoyments.** Mental slackness, physical laziness—these are fruits of gambling, fruits condemned by the Bible. Christians are to work, not gamble: “Work with your hands, just as we ordered you, so that you may be walking decently as regards people outside and not be needing anything.”—1 Thessalonians 4:11,12, New World Transt
Gambling wastes energy, consumes time. Time is to be valued by the Christian. He must use it wisely in the study of God’s Word, to share in announcing the good news of God’s kingdom before the battle of Armageddon destroys this . hollow-hearted world. Not much more time remains for this, the “last days” of Satan’s system of things.—Revelation 12:12.
What a morbid passion gambling inflames! Bingo addicts abound. Said the New York Times of October 13,1954: “The bingo addict is no myth. She can be seen in New York and in New Jersey. She can be spotted by her gear. . . , She arrives early and stands in line before the doors open. She plays six, eight, ten and sometimes more boards at the same time, not just the two boards she receives when she pays her admission fee. . . . The spectacle of the bingo addict, usually a housewife, middle-aged or older, playing the game with fanatic concentration night after night in church, after church is dismaying to many people. The fact that she and her sisters by the thousands travel across town, into other counties and across state lines in chartered buses to larger games offering larger prizes is thought-provoking. *
Appeal to a Wrong Motive
That provokes the thought that it is not charity-giving that sends masses to church gambling halls, but, rather, prize-winning. Selfishness is the stimulus. The clergy want to get, not give. The parishioners want to get, not give. If there is no profit the clergy lose interest If there is no prize the players lose interest. So there is more than pleasure-seqking involved. Both the clergy and players want to gain something without rendering any service. Both want something for nothing. So instead of appealing to love, gambling appeals to the wrong motive—selfishness.
The early Christians gave out of love. Said the apostle Paul: “Let each one do just as he has resolved in his heart, not grudgingly or under compulsion, for God loves a ^heerful giver.” (2 Corinthians 9:7, New World Trans.) But what kind of givers does Christendom parade? Grudging givers! They must be compelled to give by some crafty enticement. A well-known columnist, Herb Graftis, once wrote: “Churches and charitable organizations run illegal gambling because that's the sure way of getting money for holy causes from people who wouldn’t otherwise con
tribute if the Almighty pushed a .45 [pistol] atthem.”
the Lord Jesus said: “There is more happiness in giving than there is in receiving.” But the motto of church gamblers is: “There is more happiness in receiving than there is in giving.” They even wear this contrary-to-Christ motto on their faces. Look at the smile of the winner, the frown of the loser. The gamblers are sad when they lose, happy when they win. So their happiness comes, not from giving to a church, but from taking from a church. One crestfallen bingo addict in Flint, Michigan, not long ago sued St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church for $4,000, which she claimed she lost over a two-year period at church. Really, there is no happiness in gambling.—Acts 20:35, New World Trans.
So all the specious attempts to harmonize gambling with Christianity fail. Coins may clank into church money chests, but the end does not justify the means, not when the means is opposed to the words of Christ and his apostles. True Christians give voluntarily. It is by voluntary contributions that the world-wide preaching work of Jehovah's witnesses is carried on. When right-hearted persons are brought the truth from God’s Word, the news of Jehovah's new world, they respond. The sheep, Jesus said, will hear his voice. They will not need the whir of the roulette wheel. The clergy have bare spiritual cupboards. That is why they have to resort to games of chance.
God’s Word does not square gambling with Christianity. Rather, it spotlights gambling as evil, as a sign of false religion. Those who hope for life in God’s new world will abandon gambling. And they will also abandon false religion, thus heeding the command: “Quit sharing with them in the unfruitful works which belong to the darkness.”—Ephesians 5:11, New World Trans.
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REMEMBER the good old days when nylon stockings used to wear like iron? Every last pair of them seemed as if they could be worn over and over again without ever wearing out. But gone are those good old days! Today’s “supershcers" last only about half as long.
What has happened to milady’s nylons? Ever since the startling innovation was made available to the public in 1938, nylon hose have been improved steadily in construction, in fit and in sheer beauty. Government and industrial experts, who have the facts and figures from nylon tests and experiments, state confidently that the “miracle fabric” is as strong as ever, if not stronger. Yet, in those reminiscent prewar years, nylon was advertised as having filaments as ‘‘strong as steel” and possessing the delicate “finish of a spider’s web.” Advertisers today, however, are rather hesitant about making similar claims.
Statistics for the past two decades show that in the United States the ladies have been buying on an average per person one pair of nylon stockings a month. Why, this is scandalous! outrageous! Nylons should last twice as long! At least so the ladies think. Behind this outrage, however, lies one important fact, and that is that today’s nylons are only about half as strong as they used to be with only half the wear-life to them. For this sad state of affairs, manufacturers say, the ladies have no one to blame but themselves.
Catering to female tastes for sheer, sheerer, supersheer and sheerest nylons, manufacturers have spent a fortune developing stockings that are feather* light, breathlessly thin, as soft as natural silk and as fleshlike in color as flesh itself. They have created hose for every combination of ankle, calf and thigh measurements; a stocking to fit any leg. Particular attention has been devoted to designing nylons so that they make women’s legs look nice —nice in themselves and nice in relation to her dress, her shoes and her entire costume. But these added luxuries have come at a greater cost—the cost of making the stocking more fragile, thus more susceptible to snags and irritating long runs.
Like with all delicate and fragile items, their life can be extended by treating them very gently. The first secret of preserving a delicate hose is to get the right size and fit. The next thing is to wash it after each wearing to remove the soil and, more important, to restore it to its original shape. Extreme care should always be taken when handling nylons. Hands and nails should be perfectly smooth, because a snag spoils the sleek appearance of the nylon stocking and all too often turns into a run. When washing or otherwise handling your nylons, check to see if you are wearing a ring that might cause a snag. It pays to be cautious. Also, a body lotion on rough legs and
feet will keep them smooth, thus decreasing the possibility of damaging ‘ the hose when slipping them on. By following simple rules for care, even the sheerest stockings will respond favorably with long wear-life.
As Strong as Its Sheerest Link
The natural strength and life of nylon hose are in its weight. A denier means the thickness of the yam. It represents a "unit of measurement expressing the fineness of nylon in terms of weights in grams per 9,000 meters of length.’’ Gauge, on the other hand, means the distance between the knitted loops of the mesh and is expressed in terms of number of loops. Therefore the lower the gauge and the lower the denier, the sheerer the stocking. A 40-denier nylon is appropriately referred to as a "service weight” nylon. Nurses, who are'on their feet a lot, very often wear as heavy as a 70-denier stocking. The sheerer the hose the shorter its wear-life. Prewar nylons were no sheerer than 40-denier. But today the popular hose is only 15-denier. Naturally, then, women should not expect 15- and 12-denier hose to wear as long. In fact, they do well to wear half as long as did the prewar brand, because with each decrease in denier there is an increase in fragility and hence an enlarged possibility of encountering snags and runs, thus shortening its wear-life.
With these points in mind, the following quotation from the New York Times will help us to understand why there have been growing complaints about the life of nylons. “In 1947,” says the Times, “17 per cent of full-fashioned nylon hose production was 15-denier. In 1948, this percentage had risen to 35 per cent; in 1949 to 62; in 1950 to 74; in 1951 to 79; in 1952 to 81, and in 1953 to 88 per cent. The 1953 figure also includes the new ‘sheerest’ nylons, which are 12 and 10-denier. As* for seamless hose, 96 per cent of that production was 15-denier in 1952.” In other words, when women began to forsake the 40- for the 15-denier stocking, their troubles began. It is all a matter of choice, which means either a heavier nylon with a longer wear-life or a sheerer nylon with a shorter wear-life. At the moment, there are no other alternatives.
Maintaining Popularity
What the women desire most is well indicated in last year’s sales. More than two hundred times as many nylons were sold as the combined total of rayon, cotton and silk stockings. The above-mentioned authority reports that “last year 50,334,631 dozen pairs of full-fashioned nylons were produced in this country, and 6,271,393 pairs of seamless nylons. This compared with 148,574 dozen pairs of full-fashioned cottons, 11,715 dozen pairs of silks and 45,672 dozen pairs of rayons.”
But not all buyers are attracted by the sheerest stockings. The United States army, navy and air force still order 40-denier nylons. The female recruits get only six pairs for a start. Even though she can obtain the regulation 40-denier nylon for 60 cents a pair at a canteen, her preference for the sheerer nylon remains undisputed.
So, to please the ladies, even the United States navy has weakened slightly. According to Bess Furman, the navy is "changing its specifications from 40-denier, 45-gauge (that means forty-five knitting needles each inch and a half) to 30-denier, 51 gauge. The machines that make the 40-denier type are becoming obsolete but the Navy, though told that weight makes all the difference, is hopeful that a few more threads will help make up the 10-denier difference.”
How long women will go on insisting on supersheers is anybody’s guess. Some hopefuls predict the tide to shift to a heavier
denier any time now, They base their prediction on the pattern that silk stockings left behind. There was a time when silk stockings went from 4-thread to 3-thread to 2-thread, and then leveled off at 3-thread So these hopefuls say that as soon as the ladies realize that they are sacrificing wear-life for sheerness, then, look out! Gone will be the days of the supersheer nylon. However, this appears most unlikely, Can you imagine milady quibbling over a few pennies or the wear-life of a stocking that fills her with personal pleasingness and charm? “After all/’ she will say, “I spend so little on myself/I’m entitled to at least one pair of nylons, am I not? And these do feel so won--der- ul!”
Cheap Stockings No Barg ,
There are some women who insist on the impossible. While they do not expect a $3.98 house dress to be so becoming or wear so well as a $60 dress, yet these very same shoppers demand that an 89-cent pair of nylons match or outmatch, wear as well as or outwear a $5 pair. Why? No one, it seems, can explain. There are some low-priced nylons that do wear well, but this is the exception, not the rule.
Are not all nylons inspected before they are shipped to stores? Yes, But do not rely too heavily on this one fact alone. Nonbrand manufacturers cannot afford to be too critical. Every pair of nylons that is discarded represents a loss to them. Manufacturers of well-established brands inspect all stockings minutely before they reach the stores. They cannot afford to permit any imperfect pairs to reach their customers under their label, because each defective pair of nylons sold represents a customer lost. If there is even the slightest flaw in fabric, color or dimension the stocking is marked “irregular” and must be sold at a considerable markdown. “Seconds” are stockings that have repaired breaks in the fabric. These are even cheaper than the “irregulars,” Most brand-named manufacturers do their business on a long-term basis. Their desire is to establish regular customers who will insist on their brand. Nonbrand firms do not take the time or the trouble. They are not trying to make a name for themselves that the customers can depend on. All they are interested in is making a sale. To purchase hose without a brand name is to buy at a considerable risk to oneself.
The magazine MadamoiseTle offers this good little bit of advice. It says: “Expensive nylons will cost you less in the end. You’ll never get stuck with stockings that run before you put them on. Your stockings will stay in shape—branded nylons are proportioned to fit you, nonbranded nylons aren’t. Your stockings will always match. When you pay for higher gauges —60, 66, 72-75—you’ll be sure you’re getting them: brand nylons are never mislabeled, nonbrand nylons may be. And. the more stitches to an inch the smaller the loop, the less chance for snags and runs.”
So the next time you shop for nylons, be wise, economize by treating yourself to a better pair of nylons. And the moment you slip into them, they promise to become a hit, with no runs, no errors.
<L Found in the belly of a 2,OOOpound shark, caught near Nagasaki, Japan, on Saturday, October 2, 1954, was the body of a 13-year-old boy, still wearing a shirt and white linen pants. How about it, scoffers? Do you still think it Impossible for the great God of the universe, Jehovah, to prepare a fish large enough to swallow Jonah and house him for three days and nights?—The report was in the New York Times of October 6, 1954.
The Amazing Antarctica
By "Awoktl" torr«ipond>nt in Auttraiia
AN you Imagine a land buried in perpetual ice in most parts to a depth of 7,000 feet? ___ Can you imagine a land with a summer temperature of about 12 degrees Fahrenheit below freezing point? Can you imagine a land where winter temperatures may drop lower than 80 degrees Below zero Fahrenheit? Such a land really does exist. And here is the surprise: it is a land area almost equal in size to the combined areas of Australia and the United States! Yet it is the least known of the continents of the world—Antarctica. For many generations this vast continent has fired the imagination of exploring men. ■
<[ The continent of Antarctica itself is a roughly circular land mass centered around the South Pole. At no point does it come closer than 600 miles to any other land. Located some 200 feet above a plateau, which, in turn, is 10,000 feet above sea level, is the South Pole. It is fjere that the thickest layers of ice are found.
€, Temperatures in the Antarctic are colder than at any other part of die world, averaging five degrees colder than any corresponding latitude in the Arctic. Average wind velocity in the southern region has been recorded at 50 miles an hour. But on several occasions wind has blown steadily for a considerable time at well over 100 miles an hour! (Winds over 75 miles an hour are classified as hurricanes.) Such persistent winds are unheard of in other parts of the world,
< It almost seems as though this land set out to defy exploration. For the barriers presented, as stated in Phillip G. Law's The Antarctica Today, are threefold: (1) Winds of gale and hurricane force; and after these have been weathered, (2) seas frozen to a depth of three to four feet, and then (3) the final but toughest barrier of all, land ice or glacier Ice. This last is formed by ice moving over the polar plateau into the sea until large sections, sometimes 100 miles long and 60 or more feet high float free from the land. Some of this shelf ice, as it is called, has been known to extend 100 miles beyond the limits of the land. C It has been more than forty years ago that an Australian expedition has set foot on the Antarctic mainland. But on December 12, 1953, the "Kista Dan,” a Danish polar vessel chartered by the Australian government headed toward the land of many barriers. The purpose was to relieve teams of scientists already established on Heard and Macquarie Islands in the Antarctic, and also to establish, if possible, for the first time a permanent station on the mainland itself.
< The team of scientists who set out in the Kista Dan into a land of almost unknown qualities achieved their main objective by establishing a permanent camp on MacRobert-son Land, On February 11,1954, the Kista Dan was finally brought into a deep flordlike harbor. On February 13, the task of establishing the station began. Unloading operations proceeded smoothly, but at any time during the operations a strong storm could have driven the ice between ship and shore out to sea, C The ice bearing the brunt of the work at the ship’s side was thinning, even sagging. Great risks had to be taken running weasels (tractoriike vehicles) over it during the concluding stages when it was only six inches thick. Temperatures were consistently 10 and 15 degrees below freezing. As the sea passage in the ship’s wake was freezing over more thickly each day, the passage had to be opened up again by taking the ship out to the open sea, about three miles away. For the next four days the weather was perfect with light breezes and warm sunshine. Expedition members worked unflaggingly at assembling huts. On February 22 the afternoon was declared a half holiday to permit the wintering party to write letters before the ship's departure.
The team of scientists were to be completely isolated for twelve months. No doubt the men expect to discover much and thus be able to shed light on many of the- mysteries that this frozen part of the world has held secret for so long. What they will discover, and what other secrets the great Creator of the amazing Antarctic, Jehovah God, holds, man does not yet know. But no doubt there is a great deal to be learned now. And a further great storehouse of information regarding this strange land will be opened up in Jehovah’s righteous new earth, for that new earth will also include the great, now-frozen land of the Antarctic,
Communis titrwl oversfiadowtil by group mHI
By “Awake!” correspondent ill Japan
THE bloody dagger of communism in the I ( » i iniu> t ti'iui ) urea to Indochina.
Now it has turned again, and rises 'to strike toward. Formosa. The question of American u mi'I inh I,'ilium t uni''. Io ilo lure, as Formosa is a key link in* the island chain ttat stands guard against the Communist hi'ml iinl 'H I'lull.. Hunk <uu' link in . the Japan-Okmawa-Formosa-PhU-ippines chain and not ditty would the West’s .line of defense in the Orient, crumble, but America’s own front line would retreat to her own shores. Moreover, America’s prestige in the Orient would be irreparably damaged, by such a defeat,
Red bombings ’ of Quemoy, the first island-hop .in' the direction of Formosa, have again alerted the West, to the danger.
Formosa is important strategically. It also has a population of over 8,000,000 —as many as Australia-.....and it has the
sixth-largest army in the world today. It is a rich country productively, being one of the few in Asia, that are' able both to iiii|i a i ill in I' > in ( ' h l|> U| | ort others also. If communism could engineer its fall, Formosa would be a prize rich in. the picking.
The danger to Formosa is internal as well as external. The government of Chiang I ii Io I i ill Inn 'I In llii liiliu.l oil hope of reconquering the mainland of China.. His army, unable to draw new recruits, will soon be comprised of old men—according to Oriental, standards it is old already. And now it looks.as though the mainland is making ready to come in Chiang’s direction. American news correspondents re
port: that the war of nerves is already having its effect in Chiang's capital of Taipei. They say that the president is “firing”
n"i>ib jiuI .ulmi ii'.ii.ihu , toibihrt .mil III I'lUirhu Inure II I 'lb [tore' I u nrnc who are ill-suited, to. aff airs of government-
President Chiang is also surrounded by six-and-a-half million native Formosans, or Taiwanese. Concerning these, Washing* ton columnists Joseph and Stewart Alsop recentlywi l< 11 'linn > n>« bin i ci )> pi, ul u Hi ti ,jts propagandists claim.” The Form » it> n । i I in i lu ang and Ms army to come to Formosa, th. I I, f )n l i f t Im । i 11 > < 111 । 11 । 11 •ere met by armed insurrection, so that two • livi'mii ul 11'I,ips h ui bi In in lied m from the mainland to quell the disturbata There appears to be little love b, i • n fin Formosans and the Chinese. The Formosans want Formosa for the Formosans, and not as a. wrangling ground between Bart and West
A tetter signed "A Formosan,” appearing in the Tokyo Nippon Times' on October 2, aptly sums up the general Formosan attitude to both Chou En-lai and Chiang Kai-shek:
“Morally and legally Formosa has no relation to the Chinese* civil war, and consequently we Formosans have not any responsibility to it. . . . We have the right to it luu i A in I I । Inn, <i nil । and to, decide the fate ", I on (iin i hire'd urn b
January », ass
principle or the right or racial seir-aeter-mination. The stipulation of the Cairo Declaration in regard to the disposal of Formosa is invalid in that it ignores the will and interest of the people of Formosa. .. . To change the sovereignty of Formosa against the will of her native islanders is the egoism of large powers, and without question it is an imperialistic attitude ignoring fundamental human rights.”
In the event of a hot war, what kind of assistance will the native Formosans provide the Chinese Nationalist government? As Formosa staggers through the cold war, she appears to be beset by real dangers, both external and internal.
The Greater Peril
However, the greater peril to the Chinese government in Formosa lies in the judgments that must come upon it from Almighty God if it persists in its opposition to Jehovah’s witnesses and to the free circulation of the Bible in the island. This opposition continues down to the end of this year 1954. The opposers have failed to consider the words of Gamaliel concerning Jehovah’s witnesses: “Do not meddle with these men, but let them alone; (because, if this scheme and this work is from men, it will be overthrown; but if It is from God, you will not be able to overthrow them;) otherwise, you may perhaps be found fighters actually against God.” —Acts 5:38, 39, New World Trans.
This meddling with the lawful Christian work of Jehovah’s witnesses was begun by the Japanese and was marked by cruel tortures. When the Chinese Nationalists came to liberate Formosa, the Chinese police continued the persecutions where the Japanese left off. These persecutions are entirely uncalled-for. Jehovah’s witnesses are a humble, law-abiding people. Most of them in Formosa are Ami-tribesmen, who toil peacefully and honestly in the nee tieids. They pay their taxes. They are not politically-minded like many around them who make a pastime of speaking against the government. Jehovah’s witnesses respect the government. However, Jehovah’s witnesses are the ones who are persecuted.
In an endeavor to gain relief, documentary evidence was submitted to the provincial government during 1954, protesting against the many indignities committed against male and female witnesses of Jehovah and against the Bible, under the Chinese Nationalist regime. Here is the translation of a typical affidavit signed by seven ministers of Jehovah’s witnesses:
“We were put in prison for seven days. . . . The tortures inflicted were as follows: To make us give evidence, we were taken one by one to separate cells, made to kneel on the concrete, and were severely struck and clubbed, till we bled freely from nose and mouth. We were beaten and kicked all over the body, until some of us were unconscious. We were tortured repeatedly. At the second occasion of torturing, the seven of us were assembled together, and were told, ‘You must abandon your faith! You must abandon your faith? Despite strong threats, we replied, ‘We will not!’ The police got angrier and angrier, and struck us with clubs repeatedly. The tender part of Lin Kon Mei’s right breast was prodded repeatedly until the color drained from his face, and he became unconscious. He is unable to do heavy work until this day.”
The official reply given to this and eleven other affidavits of protest stated only this: “The government has not received any report of maltreating Christians. Please do not listen to one-sided stories. However, all unlawful acts are forbidden by the government” There was no apology, just a closing of the eyes to the dastardly indignities committed by the Chinese police.
However, these acts of violent persecution have recently died down, only to be succeeded by a more subtle method of “meddling” with the Christian witnesses of Jehovah.
The Bible Banned!
When William Tyndale started work on his translation of the Bible into English, he declared: “I will cause a boy that drives with a plow to know more of the Scriptures than the great body of clergy now know.” The Bible in the language of the common people has spread throughout the world since that time, so that even the boy that drives the plow in the rice paddies of Formosa may read it. Many of these have become Jehovah’s witnesses. And because they now “know more of the Scriptures than the great body of the clergy” in Formosa, it appears these clergy have prevailed upon the government to restrict circulation of the Bible in the only language that the plowboy can read—the Japanese language.
For a long time the Formosan government has waged war on the publications of Jehovah’s witnesses, prohibiting their entry into the country, and confiscating them from the private homes. However, during the past year this campaign has been extended against the Bible itself. No longer is it possible to send Japanese-language Bibles into Formosa. No longer is it possible for one of Jehovah’s witnesses in Formosa to keep a Bible safely in his house, unless in a place of hiding. This is borne out by the following statements taken from among the affidavits presented to the government by Jehovah's witnesses in Formosa in 1954:
“On November 4, 1953, I was called to the area police station, and ordered to take my Bibles there immediately, so that the Police seal could be stamped in them. In all good faith, I did this, but the police confiscated the two Bibles, and did not return them. They said they would send them ‘above* and advise later. As yet, I have received no further word of the Bibles.”—Lin Mo E.
“On November 9, 1953, a police officer from Zuiho entered my house, opened the drawer of my desk, and took from It my Japanese Bible. The policeman said he must send it to headquarters, but not to worry, as it would be sent back again. But no word of it has been received until this day.”—Lin Ko Oh.
“On November 23, 1953, at 30 minutes after midnight, a police officer from the Ruya Area station entered my home quietly like a thief, and, without speaking or awakening anyone, took one Bible from a clothes box. When I woke up, he said, T must send this Bible up above. Please await further word.’ I have not received my Bible back.”—Ko Ei Ka.
When these violations of religious liberty were protested to the provincial government of Formosa, the secretary-general, Dr. Dison H. Poe, replied in writing: “As the government is encouraging the use of the mandarin (standard Chinese) in the mountain areas, the use of the Japanese language is restricted.” The secretarygeneral explained verbally that in order to read the Bible Jehovah’s witnesses in Formosa must learn either Chinese or English. But Mr. Secretary-General! How can humble farming folk, who have read only Japanese all their lives, now turn around and learn these difficult new languages? Even if they gave up their farming to find the time, it must take the best of them several years! And during all that time, are they to be deprived of the privilege of reading the Bible? To which the secretary-general’s only reply was, “They must learn Chinese if they want to read the Bible.”
At the same time the secretary-general insisted that there was freedom of religion in Formosa, and pointed to the fact that in Taipei there is a church on nearly every corner. It is true that whoever walks or ‘‘rickshas” the streets of Taipei will see many churches. But are these church buildings a guarantee of religious liberty? No more so than the temple in Jerusalem guaranteed religious freedom to Jesus when he preached there!
The visitor in Taipei will also see many bookstores, and in the bookstores he will find many cheap Japanese novels, magazines, comics. Apparently the government ban on the Japanese language does not extend to literature of a lighter vein. The people may read “trash” in Japanese, but the Bible—well, that is different! Indeed, great darkness threatens to descend on Formosa, the darkness of the “Dark Ages” Of centuries gone by. It was then—and compare Formosa now!-—that “the boy that drives the plow” was denied access to the Bible, except through the clergy or an unfamiliar tongue.
Whither Formosa?
Here is a country that continues to suppress its best citizens. Jehovah's witnesses are that kind of citizen, because they obey the laws that make for good citizenship. Eight times they have applied for lawful registration as a religious organization, but, while these applications get lost in a maze of red tape, the government keeps on telling them, You must not preach until you are registered!
Jehovah's witnesses in Formosa continue to make supplication for “all those who are in high station, in order that we may go on leading a calm and quiet life with full godly devotion and seriousness.” (1 Timothy 2:2, New World Trans.} They respect the government, and try to do right by the government. The recent tremendous growth in the number of Jehovah's witnesses in Formosa provides no threat to the government. Good citizens who hear and heed the message of Jehovah's kingdom only become better citizens.
However, if the Chinese government of Formosa continues to “meddle with these men” through persecutions or Bible ban-nings, it must expect the wrath of their God, Jehovah. As the Jerusalem that persecuted Jehovah’s prophets was destroyed by the hordes of Nebuchadnezzar, and the Jerusalem that outlawed Jesus and his disciples was destroyed by the hordes of Rome, so Nationalist China stands in grave danger if she persists in “fighting against God.” May she awake to her danger before it is too late, and grant the religious freedom that is the rightful heritage of Jehovah's witnesses of Formosa.
’heads absent without love’
<L Describing the present-day churchgoer, Simeon Stylites, in a letter to The CTiris-tian Centuryt July 14, 1954, said; "In Muslim countries worshipers leave their shoes outside when they enter the mosque. In Christian countries, alas, it is different. People often leave their heads outside when they enter church. Many a pastor has sat in blank wonder over the apparent miracle that some of the richest men on the official board ever managed to keep out of the poorhouse, They do not bring into the work of the church the headwork that they put into business. Does not much of our trouble come from bodies from which the heads are absent without leave? The difficulty about massing any great moral and religious force against flagrant evils in our country is that too many people operate by tradition and not by headwork.” But is not the real reason for these "Christian" heads’ being absent without leave that the clergy have spiritually starved the churchgeer, feeding him the husks of tradition and politics instead of the meat of the Bible?
rpHERE is something marvelous X about a hose. So let us highlight this marvel of the nose by getting acquainted with the keenest noses in nature. Whose nose is so keen that its possessor identifies comrades solely by the sense of smell? Whose nose is so keen that its owner has been called the champion “smeller” of the insect world? Whose nose is so keen that it can detect the scent of man several miles away? Whose nose is so keen that it can detect leaks in underground gas mains that are too
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HOSJEJS in Nature
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small to be registered by a meter? Whose nose is so keen that it can follow a scent over dry land where no tracks are visible and still hold its nose chest high? And whose nose is so keen that it can distinguish the amazing number of 16,000,000 odors? Intriguing questions these! The answers will spotlight the keenest noses in nature.
By the word “nose” we mean the olfactory orgpn, the organ of smell, which varies in different creatures. Thus the antennae or “feelers” are to insects what the nose is to man. Some insects, surprisingly enough, have a sense of smell that is truly wonderful. Why, any bee that ventures to buzz into a strange hive does not die of old age; it is put to death. How do sentry bees identify the foolhardy stranger? Since the odor of a foreign beehive clings to the invader, the sentries, thanks to their noses, catch hivebreaking bees red-handed.
Certain ants also know their comrades through the sense of smell. When their organs of smell are cut off, these ants fall with the greatest fury upon one another. Probably the champion smeller of the insect world is a moth (who would guess it?). This moth seemingly can scent a female moth, during the mating season, more than two miles away!
Snakes, Deer and Elephants
One hardly thinks of snakes as having much of a nose. Yet snakes have an unusually strong sense of smell. The tongue assists by catching the smell particles from the air. Some serpents, such as the American black snake, make their living by their nose, hunting largely by scent.
Many are the mammals with keen noses. Musk oxen have noses so sensitive that the slightest taint of wolf odor on the wind sends them off like a stampede of buffaloes. The deer family also finds that much protection comes by way of their noses. If the wind is blowing toward a deer, elk or moose, a hunter might as well not attempt a stalk. Then there is keen-nosed Mr. Bruin. Yes, bears have extremely delicate noses. The great Alaskan brown bear, the largest carnivore in the world, has such a keen nose that the taint left by a man’s recent tracks, or the faintest odor on the breeze, starts him off at full speed.
Wild shtjep use their keen noses in a clever manner, according to a hunter who had this experience in the Altai Mountains of Mongolia: nA herd of sheep usually fed on a steep slope in the early morning. When the sun was high they retired to a narrow ridge connecting two peaks to sleep away the midday hours in plain sight. Always an old ewe acted as a sentinel. For an hour or more after the sheep were lying down, she would stand on a rocky spire above the saddle, gazing in every direction. At last, satisfied that it was safe, she would settle herself with the rest. Then my Mongol hunter and I would begin the stalk, being sure that the wind was blowing from them to us. But never could we approach near enough for a shot Always the herd was up and off. At last we realized that the reason they selected this particular ridge day after day, and attempted no concealment, was because the air eddied in a peculiar way about the saddle and brought odors to their noses no matter from what direction the wind was blowing.”
Then there is that mammoth creature with the elongated nose. His trunk is his nose and at the tip of it are located the nostrils. When a wild elephant raises his trunk high and waves it slowly from side to side, some scent of danger is usually in the air. So hunters can approach a herd only upwind. But if the wind is right elephants can detect the scent of man several miles away!
Bloodhound—Tracer of Missing People
Now that animal with the phenomenal nose, the bloodhound. He has a well-known job; he tracks down missing persons. His specialty is fugitive criminals. If a shoe or garment of the desired fugitive or an authentic footprint can be shown this dog, he will sniff the article until he has the scent. Then he picks up the trail It makes no difference whether tracks are visible. And it is useless for a fugitive to walk fences, double back on his path, climb trees, pass through a herd of cattle, step in the tracks of another person or even cover his tracks with red pepper. Such stratagems will not outwit this keen-nosed animal.
Since the bloodhound has one of the most interesting noses in nature, it would be well to clear up a few false ideas about him. First, his very name makes it appear that the dog lusts for blood. In reality the bloodhound is not bloodthirsty. He tracks down men because he just likes people. He likes people so much that his idea of having the grandest time is to track down a man, any man at all. He is probably the gentlest and friendliest of all dogs. So unless otherwise trained, the bloodhound never attacks a man; he would rather lick the man's hand. Then why his sanguinary-sounding name? It is said, when the Normans introduced the St. Hubert breed into England about 1066, the dogs were bred with the English Northern and Southern hounds. The result was the blooded hound. Over the centuries the name was shortened to bloodhound.
When tracking down persons, do bloodhounds always bay like the Hound of the Baskervilles? Some people think they do. But because it would forewarn armed criminals, bloodhounds are trained nowadays to trail their quarry quietly. Another misconception about bloodhounds is the idea that, even with a fresh scent, they must always keep their noses flat to the ground. Since a person’s scent is not just in his footprints, but hovers over the ground, bloodhounds carry their noses chest high. Then there is the false belief that the foxy strategy of wading in water will befuddle the hound. But since a man’s scent lingers above water much as it does above land, the hound can readily follow a trail while swimming.
So amazing is the bloodhound's nose that, depending on the weather, he can follow a trail three to four days old. These canine noses can follow a human trail for a hundred miles. Once a bloodhound led detectives 138 miles—and found its man. A Kentucky bloodhound named Nick Carter sent 600 fragrant fugitives to jail. A real tribute to the bloodhound’s keen nose lies in the fact that bloodhounds are the only dogs whose identification of a criminal by smell is accepted in courts of law.
Another tribute to the bloodhound comes in a report showing that their noses are better than gas meters for detecting leaks in underground mains. At Monroe, Louisiana, dogs traversed a three-mile line just after it had been checked by the conventional leak-meter method. The bloodhounds confirmed the meter, but they also found a few leaks that the meter crew had missed!
The Nose Extraordinary—Man's!
After learning of the bloodhounds’ sniffing exploits, we may feel that the human nose is hopelessly outclassed. But cheer up. For the human nose can learn to recognize at least 10,000 distinct odors and detect the most fantastically tenuous odors. Many professional perfumers memorize at least 7,000 different odors. Memory seems to hold smells very closely. In fact, an odor may bring back the recollection of events long forgotten. Smelling, then, is an extraordinary, complicated process, involving nose and brain. In their recent study, Dr.
R. H. Hainer and his associates of the Arthur D. Little Company reached the following conclusion about the human nose:
In each nostril there is a lobe about as big as the end of the thumb. This lobe is made up of some 1,900 “telephone exchanges” called glomeruli. Each of these sends 24 neurons to the brain. These neuron bundles can be compared to a board with 24 lights. So when an odor is detected, certain ones of the 24 neurons “light up/' to form a code for that particular odor and nothing else. With only 24 neurons, it is possible to get some 16,000,000 patterns, corresponding to as many different odors. In other words, according to this new theory, the human nose is equipped to distinguish about 16,000,000 odors!—Science News Letter for May 2,1953.
So you see there is much that is marvelous about our own noses. Never need we feel that the human nose lacks excellence. And what rapturous joys it can bring to man! Why, there are thousands of joyproducing odors: the redolence of the morning rose, the tang of the ocean breeze, the enchanting aroma of an exotic perfume, the beckoning bouquet of the early morning coffeepot, the tantalizing savor of a roasting turkey, the luscious scent of a rich, producing vineyard, the zestful crispness of a tangy autumn day, the purity of rain-swept air and the exquisite fragrance of the pine-fresh mountains.
With keen noses and perfect health, how exhilarating will life be on the paradise earth in Jehovah’s new world!
Outfoxing the Fox
At Monticello, New York, a former airman collected $915 in bounties for trapping the incredible number of 305 foxes in just two months. Asked about his trapping technique, the man explained that he discovered a special scent in India. He declined to disclose its formula, but said that it would attract a fox five miles away. So Reynard has finally been outfoxed,
but It took a man with the secret oriental scent to do it. We wonder whether compliments are due the man who discovered the fox-luring scent or due the fox whose nose is so keen it seemingly picks up the scent miles away.
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