Awake!, July 22, 1953
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HATRED—FRIEND OR FOE?
It depends on you
Science Sows a Sinister Seed
Problem of peace between races to be solved by science?
Hypnotic Hangovers
Projecting the effect of hypnosis into the future
Butchery, a Colossal Roman Idol
Gladiators slaughtered in a lust for blood
THE MISSION OF THIS JOURNAL
New* sources that are able to keep you awake to the vital issues of our times must be unfettered by censorship and selfish interests. “Awake!” has no fetters. It recognizes facts, faces facts, is free to publish facts. It is not hound by political ambitions or obligations; it is unhampered by advertisers whose toes must not be trodden on; it is unprejudiced by traditional creeds. This journal keeps itself free that it may speak freely to you. But it does not abuse its freedom. It maintains integrity to truth,
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CONTENTS
Science Sows a Sinister Seed
Delay Tooth Decay!
Hypnotic Hangovers
Passengers Get New Thrill
Autosuggestion
The Horseless Carriage
Myth of the Stork
Butchery, a Colossal Roman Idol
Mayas—Memento of the Past
Ancient Wisdom
New York to Have Water for All
“Your Word Is Truth"
Hatred—Friend or Foe?
Who Will Have a Resurrection?
Directing Hate and Anger
Jehovah's Witnesses Preach
“Perfect Hatred”
in All the Earth—Sweden
Sensational Archaeological Discovery
Watching the World
"Now it is high time to awake”— Romans 13:11 &
Volum* XXMIV Sroekryn, «. v,( July 22,1M3 Num Mr U
Science Sows a Sinister Seed
SCIENCE'S professed objective is the welfare of mankind. Strange, then, that one hears a popular question, Does the steam roller of science that was to flatten out all our problems have a Frankenstein in the driver's seat, since now science threatens to flatten out mankind? True, in a feeble way science has prolonged man's life, but at the same time it has made living more dlUlcult, if not hair-raising. In World War I science was the ghoulish chemist glaring over a test tube, and other people walked around in gas masks. During World War IT science was the white-robed physicist at the cyclotron who, after enormous efforts, succeeded In making war more fantastically fiendish,
“Now don’t get excited," say some, “fur science is concerned with the knowledge of the universe." Yes, but by listening to some biology, chemistry and physics professors, one would never know it! Why, the very book that enables man to understand the universe, the Bible, science has repudiated, replacing it with empty evolution theories and with diabolical instruments of mass murder. Has science left mankind In the lurch by taking away the Bible and handing back an atom bomb In return? If so, science has sown a sinister seed. But is it prepared to accept the responsibility for what sprouts up?
The answer became obvious not long ago during the event called Brotherhood
Week, at which time a pronouncement was made by several prominent scientists. Here Is the gist of their utterance, os reported in the New York Times of February 16, 1953: "Brotherhood Week was launched here today with a warning from scientists that they could not solve public relations problems involving goodwill between various racial groups." That pronouncement was indeed significant’ For the scientists arc In effect saying that they are not responsible for the way the world uses their discoveries, that they do not really want to search for death rays, but just the knowledge of the universe. But they cannot help it if the world twists their discoveries into infernal machines. It is all the world's fault, and if the races cannot get together in peaceful relations, well, they cannot help that? That is the world's problem ! So they argue.
What are we to think of such a science? It spends years to produce drugs to save a life and then spends much more time and the cream of its brain power on ways to snuff out that life! Still it will accept no responsibility for any evil. It lays that st the doorstep of the dictator and the selfish industrialist. But it is always on hand when it Is time to pass out the prizes and to take the credit for the good. Declared President Elsenhower at his inauguration: "Science seems ready to confer upon us, as its final gift, the power to erase human life
from this planet” If this Is science’s “final gift", it & one that humanity could well do without.
Now we are told that peace in the atomic era Is up to the people. This will-be quite a disenchantment to those who have looked to science as a cure-all. In fact, scientists themselves admit that the people expect them to give a solution to almost any question. But whose fault is this? Science in its quest for quick prestige has endeavored to enchant the people with its potency. Science likes to make itself sound mysterious. Its recondite explanations, its general tendency to disdain explanation, have made up-to-date science practically meaningless to the average person, in the usual sense in which “meaning” Is understood. But the very meaninglessness and inscrutability has built up prestige for science; its mystery In the minds of the gullible public has given It a potent virtue. A leading British scientist, Herbert Dingle, put it this way:
“The criteria for distinguishing sense from nonsense have to a large extent been lost; our minds are ready to tolerate any statement, no matter how ridiculous it obviously is, if only it comes from a man of repute and is accompanied by an array of mathematical symbols. ... If this state of mind exists among men of science, what will be the state of mind of a public taught to measure the value of an idea in terms of its Incomprehensibility?”
But not only modem science thrives on incomprehensibility. So does modern art. And very few people are as frank as the elderly lady who became dissatisfied with her pastor. In recounting his many failings she said: “Six days a week he is Invisible and on the seventh day he is Incomprehensible." But religion has generally thrived on inscrutability. Doctrines not substantiated by the Bible are foisted on the people, their very un intelligibility being proffered as reason for accepting them! Thus the mysterious, unreasonable doctrines of hell-fire, immortality or the soul and trinity continue to flourish. Could it be that the notorious practice of a “Sunday religion” quite apart from the affairs of everyday life is the offspring of this unintelliglbfiify?
What a monstrous phenomentn this craze for the unintelligible! What hideous mental degradation is this when the unintelligible becomes a virtue? Who is responsible for this craze in religion, art, poetry and science? This is the electrifying reason: Satan the Devil and his demons are misleading the peoples of the earth. Darkness is the Devil’s best friend. He uses it to dehide the people as to the truth of God’s kingdom by Christ Jesus. “The original serpent, the one called Devil and Satan, who is misleading the entire inhabited earth." (Revelation 12:9, New World Trans.) No wonder science cannot solve the problem of peace between races: it has forgotten God and Is now misled by Satan.
True science does not seek to belittle the Bible. In fact, as Standen put it in his book Science Is a Sacred Cow; "The first purpose of science is to learn about God, and to admire Him, through His handiwork. If any usefulness comes in^-as it does in large quantities—why, soTnuch the better. If scientists looked upon their work in this way, they would cease to worship science, and they would be the better for it."
But modem science has become a slave to science. Scientists work feverishly to produce weapons a thousand times more powerful than the Hiroshima A-bomb. No matter what government they serve under, they work at it with a vengeance. So when modem science says that they will devise means to destroy races, but the problem of preserving peace between races is the world’s, you know that science has sown a sinister seed. At Armageddon this godless science will reap what it has sown— destruction!
Projecting the effect of hypnosis into the future
IN A previous issue of this magazine we have observed the similarity of certain characteristics of sleepwalking and sleep talking to those of the deep trance of hypnotism. We have seen that in the deep trance all the senses can be hallucinated so that the hypnotized person, according to the will of the one hypnotizing him, can be made to seemingly perceive that which is not and fail to perceive that which really is. Further, that he can be deluded into thinking he is someone else, or even a lower animal, and be made to act the part; that in catalepsy his body can be made so rigid that, suspended between two chairs, it can support the weight of a man on the abdomen; and that it is possible to hypnotize 200 persons or more at a time.
All the effects of hypnotism can be projected into the future, producing a hypnotic hangover, as it were. Such aftereffects may be the result of deliberate action on the part of the hypnotizer, that being his purpose; on the other hand, it may be due to carelessness or bungling, resulting in effects not wanted by him. In either case these are termed “posthypnotic suggestion”. In deliberate use of posthypnotic suggestion a person is given suggestions while in the deep trance state, which suggestions, however, are not carried out until the person comes out of the trance state and then only at a specified time or at a given signal. And he will not know why he performs such actions unless the operator, the one putting him into the trance state, wishes him to remember.
Estabrooks, a modem authority on hypnotism, shows to what extent posthypnotic
suggestion can go, illustrating it thus: A subject in deep trance is told, ‘Now listen carefully. After you wake up I will show you a certain card and when I do you will see a black dog coming through the doorway. He is a very friendly dog and so you will pet him and give him a bone. He belongs to Professor So-and-so, and therefore, after you have fed the dog, you will telephone the professor and ask him to come and get his dog? To make certain of the posthypnotic effect, these instructions are repeated and the subject is questioned to make sure that he fully understands them and then he is awakened. Five minutes later the hypnotist will place before the one previously hypnotized a certain card. At once the suggestion takes effect and the subject sees a phantom black dog coming through the door; he pets him, gives him an imaginary bone. He observes that the professor ought to be informed about his dog’s being here and so telephones the professor to come for his dog. The professor, knowing the hypnotic nature of the incident, plays his part by coming for the imaginary dog. He engages the person acting out the posthypnotic suggestion in conversation and lets
JULY 1953
leaves with his imaginary dog. Yes, during all this time, due to posthypnotic suggestion, the imaginary dog was every bit as real to the subject as the flesh-and-blood professor!
Compulsion* nationalization and Time
But suppose that the subject does not want to carry out the posthypnotic suggestion, because, being very familiar with the nature of hypnosis, he may detect that this happens to be such a suggestion. Then what? Estabrooks tells of such an instance. A professional man, detecting the origin of a certain impulse, endeavored to oppose it. But was he able to do so? No. he found himself repeatedly wanting to do what had been suggested to him in the hypnotic trance, although he was resisting with might and main. After a struggle of some hours, during which he found himself unable to concentrate upon urgent and important work, he went to great lengths to carry out the suggestion. Only then did he have peace within himself. Such is the compulsive power of posthypnotic suggestions.
Indicating the extent to which a subject will go to carry out a posthypnotic suggestion, Thomson, in the November, 1947, issue of Rural Health, tells of the time he gave a subject a suggestion to bring him a certain book from a certain room at nine o'clock, knowing that the doer to the room was locked. “Promptly at the appointed time he dashed along the corridor, made a tentative effort to open the door, then launched his body violently at one of the lower panels, splintering it as he scrambled through, In a second or two he had emerged, and with somewhat disheveled clothing, and with face and hands scratched and bleeding, he came rushing back toward me. He handed me the book and resumed his chair. Far a few seconds he sat talking in the usual manner, then he began to stare tether stupidly at hi* damaged hand* and asked: 'What happened to me?' ”
Not only may posthypnotic suggestions play havoc with one's will power and even his instinct of self-preservation, a* seen in the foregoing incidents, but invariably the subject will try to rationalize his actions. An unusually morose person, as the result of a posthypnotic suggestion, put a lamp shade upon his head, kneeled down and said “Cuckoo” three times upon hearing the cuckoo clock strike. Asked why he did this he replied that he was simply making a psychological experiment and offered an apology.
In another instance, as a result of a posthypnotic suggestion, a subject took a certain book from a bookcase, turned to a certain page and began reading a certain paragraph. When asked why he was reading this to the operator, or hypnotist, he replied that he had been discussing the subject with his professor that morning and he wanted ta get the operator’s opinion on it It all seemingly made sense except that there was not a word of truth In it!
Posthypnotic suggestions have had their full effect even after 25 days, 63 days, 172 days and 365 days, according to the reports of the School of Nancy, France, world’s foremost institution for the use of hypnotism in the curing of disease. And says Estabrooks, “possibly five years.” And again, “fairly strong after 20 years”; and “we have some reason to believe that the time can almost be indefinite”.
Other Post hyp nolle Phenomena
By means of posthypnotic suggestion the operator can make it impossible for anyone aside from himself to hypnotize a certain person. Or, make it impossible for him ever to be hypnotized again. Such a person, after waking from the trance, will be most uncooperative and even hostile to any attempts to hypnotize him, and, al-
though net actually knowing why, will give plausible reasons for hts awndon to bong hypnotised.
On the other hand, poslhypnotic suggestion can be used to cause a person to go Into deep trance at a given signal or Incident. Time magazine, December 1, 1952. told of a presn agent who maneuvered a publicity stunt on this wry baste. A model, by means of a phonograph recording, was made susceptible to trance upon hearing a certain singer singing a certain song. Tt was then arranged to have noth the model and the singer, who had made the recording, pretwnt at a Las Vegas, Nevada, night chib. The singer sang the particular song and, sure enough, upon hearing it the model went into a deep hypnotic trance and had lo be taken to the hospital. Alter remain-Ing there a day and a half without any improvement, the Hypnotist recommended tolling the singer. He came and sang his .tong at Jinr bodsfdt’ nnd she came out of the trance. Incidentally a good example of now easy it is to exploit hypnotism for saltish endi, for the press agent got the results he desired, much free publicity and contracts for his artist.
However, in the use of pnsthypnntw suggestion to bring on the trance stat* it need not always be something as elaborate as a love song. A persun can be brought Into tmnee merely by the operator's scratching hi$ now, and brought out of it merely by hte pulling on his right cor. And the persdta can go back and forth, hi and out uf the trance, keeping up a norma( mn-verealion, or playing a game of cards without anyone’s knowing Ike difference except the subject and the operator. How can it be proved that such is genuine? Because the subject is insensible to pain when in deep trance, a pin prick will Quickly demonstrate whether the subject is in or out of the trance and prove that the pw>±ypnotic suggestions are working.
IMiqrpnotic suggestion te used by doo tore ki treating patients who want to gat rtd of bad habits, such m sex petverafans, tobacco, liquor, overeating, fingernail bit-big, etc.: al» to combat such states as stuttering, shyness, is Lage fright, etc. By telling a subject while in deep trance that he will not enjoy doing the things he wants to get rid of. or that he is no longer afflicted with his handicap, he will And himself having h strong aven ion to the had habit or overcoming his handicap. All thte, however, depend* upon his actually wanting to overcome his weakness and upon its not being a nymptom of something else.
In one Instance parents usad this method to rid their son of the tobacco habit. However, he had no Ind Ina t ion to overcome it and so he kept on smoking In spite of the fact that it now turned hla stomach. After some months he again enjoyed hte cluarelles, but not until it almost ruined his digestion.
Autoaatffgrttton
Dr, Cone, not actually a doctor, although familiar with the technique of hypnodi, advocated a form of autosuggestion, in which it wai> claimed that a person could Improve himteif merely by repeating, "Every (fay and in every way I’m getting better and better,1’ and actually believing it. While be termed this "autosuggestion", in hypnotism autosuggestion refers to tha bringing of a person by himself Into die trance stale. With autosuggestion one can obtain all the effects of regular hjpnotfsnr,
T9 hypnotize oneself one would have to give himself the same kind of monotonous sleep talk that an operator would, and when the climax is readied, and he experiences the numbness of Hmbs and has that "faraway1' fueling and the spirit of laziness or curious sensation of lethargy, then the subject asaeris himself by telling himself dial be has complete control and then
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proceeds to give himself suggestions. Says IAfe {November 10,1941) on the subject: 'The peculiar state of autohypnosis wherein the subject pan both send and receive suggestions is hard to define. It is as though the person had the ability to talk to himself even when sound asleep/'
One New York hypnotist is very enthusiastic about the use of autosuggestion as an aid to people he is treating for bad habits. By means of it they can give themselves treatments instead of having to come to him each time they find their resistance getting low, or the posthypnotic effect, intended to help them overcome their vice, becoming weak. However, not all authorities on the subject share in such enthusiasm. Says one:
“This is a highly dangerous technique. The subject is liable to set up a condition of dissociation over which he cannot exercise proper control?’ And again, “There is real danger here in connection with autosuggestion—a much * greater menace than can arise from straight hypnotism. In the latter the situation is always in skilled hands. Any bad effect can be remedied on the spot once and for all, but this is not so with autosuggestion. The subject is his own doctor, which has all the dangers this would imply if he were allowed the run Of a drugstore to treat his ills without previous training?’ He tells of his own experience with a phantom bear that he could call up at will by means of self-hypnotism, which bear he could put through all kinds of stunts. But the bear kept appearing when hr did not call for him and finally became very troublesome. It took a month of determined effort to dispel this phantom bear from his consciousness.
Nor is that all. A very damaging confession appears in connection with the report of cures via autosuggestion. The hypnotist’s patients "are amazed, delighted and grateful, but they seem secretly to be ashamed of themselves, and they don't go around recommending [the hypnotist] to their friends”. While the hypnotist holds that this is due to the poor reputation hypnosis enjoys in the United States, it far more likely is due to the fact that to confess their getting such help is to admit lack of determination and self-control to do that which Is wise and right without the help of fantastic hypnotism. In either case there is a complex that reflects upon the meritsjjf the cure.
The Bible makes no provision for such help. The truth and God’s spirit are all that are needed to overcome vices and weaknesses. That is why the apostle Paul, after listing many vices, goes on to state: "And yet that is what some of you were. But you have been washed clean, but you have been sanctified, but you have been declared righteous in the name of pur Lord Jesus Christ and with the spirit of our God?’ —John 17:17; 1 Corinthians 6:11, New World Trans.
More aspects of hypnotic phenomena will appear in future issues of Awake!
Myth af the Stork
CNow forsaking many of its old nesting grounds, the stork of baby-bringing fame was once known throughout all of Europe except the British Isles, Norway and Finland. A source for the baby legend attached to this long-legged, roofnesting fowl was given by the November, 1952, Reader^ Digest, which said: “The original thought was that the stork who came to preside on the family roof embodied the soul of some ancestor and took the liveliest interest in each anticipated descendant. So he it was, people came to think, who fetched, from that well or spring the village called *the children's fountain/ not the expected baby's body but its little soul.*'
fflHVflS -MEMENTO OF THE PAST
r4 AN effort to escape the pressure and demands of our '"atomic age”, many people try to live In the past, attempting to forget the troubles of our time by thinking only of the peace and triumphs of farmer days. However, where others have failed to make good their escape, a race of people called the Mayas, centering around the little-known colony of British Honduras, seem to have succeeded. Since the sixteenth century they have stood still and the rest of the world has gone by.
Time has not passed without taking its toll of this once mighty nation. For some unexplained reason the Mayan empire passed away. With gentle care nature has laid her green covering over the quarries that once echoed with the sound of stone and wooden tools as the native workmen wrested precious limestone blocks from the helpful earth to build their thriving cities. The cities decayed and melted back into the earth from which they had risen; the jungle flowed back over the tilled fields and today parrots screech and monkeys chatter in temple ruins where an ancient people worshiped. Their empire faded with time and their numbers in British Honduras alone dwindled from 750,000 to a mere 10,000. But their habits and customs of a bygone age still live on in the dally lives of this curious race.
Sites of their former bustling villages are easy to recognize, as they are high earth mounds usually situated on hilltops, probably for defense purposes, and it was their custom on the death of the family head for the remaining family to bury the dead man along with all his possessions In his house by heaping earth over it Then on top of the mound a completely new house was built along with new furniture and utensils. Though time has destroyed this ancient civilization, ‘'mother earth” has lovingly preserved a history of her simple children within her bosom.
Would you like to learn more about them? Then come with me to the mountain strongholds, where we can learn more of their Interesting customs and habits. There is absolutely no need for fear; these are a most sociable people who love peace and will immediately set you at ease with their sunny smile and good-natured disposition. If a dragon fly has recently flown Into their house or the cat has been seen washing its face, they will be expecting us, because these superstitious signs Indicate that visitors are coming. In contrast with the deceit, selfishness and hypocrisy of modern civilization with its hot and cold wars, you will be pleasantly surprised to find a people who still hold in high esteem the qualities of honesty, trust and consideration for one's neighbor. The competitive, cutthroat spirit of modern commerce has left this happy people untouched, so that even the children's games are not competitive. For occupation they arc content to be small corn farmers, raising only sufficient food for the needs of their families, and obtaining a few extras such as doth, soap and trinkets. No need to secure your house or granary In this land, for stronger than any lock is their belief that a guardian spirit strikes dead any thief. They are Inherently
active, energetic and hard-working, afl on a diet so low in protein that an American laborer could not even exist. Seventy-five to eighty-flve per cent of their food is carbohydrates, consisting mostly of com, rice, cassavas and other starchy foods.
Entering Mayan Settlement
This is their settlement. You notice that girl with that long brightly colored dress and the beautifully embroidered blouse to match ? No fickle fashion holds her in its away; she dresses as did her mother and grandmother before her. At another glance we see that she is not a young girl but a woman. We were misled by her stature; these people are among the smallest in the world, The women average only four feet eight inches, while the men boast a full five feet ohe inch. Mayans lay great stress on personal cleanliness. They bathe two or three times a day. The women have beautiful complexions-—skin that remains a soft, warm, copper brown. It would be foolish to think that the modem beauty saloon could improve the gay twinkle of her jet-black eyes or the splendor of her straight dark-brown hair as it plays in the cool mountain breeze. These girls will live through life without knowing the horrors of the dentist’s chair. Their teeth are strong and pearl-white. Instead of proudly displaying their tiny offspring in a streamlined baby carriage, Mayan mothers will simply straddle their baby across their left thigh and support it with their left arm.
Over there by that single-room thatched-roof house is the husband of the young mother we just met. He waves to us. He has been up since daybreak. His day begins at five in the morning and he toils on through the day until four in the afternoon. His wife gets up at three o'clock to give him this early start, and while the males of the "streamlined age” have to take time out to shave, not so our Mayan friend. Degetxd has it that the Mayan mothers of old burned their sons* faces with hot cloths to keep the hair from growing. The truthfulness of this legend might be questioned. Ancient sculpture and painted pottery show at least the upper-class Mayans with beards. At the dose of his day’s work, every Mayan bathes. And woe be to the wife that does not have his bath ready for him! For her neglect, according to Mayan tradition, she deserves a beating.
Although the Mayan is no longer “lord” of the land, he is master in his own house. This is even more apparent now as the family mealtime comes round. We are invited to sit at the table, which is a mat spread on the ground in the shade of a logwood tree. Only his son sits down to eat with us; the wife and daughter wait on. They never eat until the man of the house has finished. He is a hungry man, having had nothing to eat since early morning.
When he speaks to his wife he does not speak in English or Spanish, but the ancient language of the Mayan people, which he has preserved and prefers to use. Among men of the modem fast-moving world he Is considered unprogressive, conservative—hanging on to the ancient past, to its ways, customs, habits and language. The Mayan prefers it this way. That is why you see him go barefooted when the rest wear shoes. Some of his brothers in Mexico and Guatemala have yielded to the crushing influence of the machine age, yet he chooses the mule cart and the oil lamp in place of the automobile and electricity.
Mayan Marriage and Medicine
Some twenty-one years ago the couple we are with were married. They were young, she sixteen and he twenty-one. In this time they have had eight children; all but three have died. Only thirty per cent of the children ever reach the age of matu-
rity; the rest die from one cause or another. Little buys run around in their "birthday suits1' lintel they' are about six or seven. The sister, however, is of a more modest nature. Since babyhood she has worn a gay dress called a huipile.
The child's obedience is outstanding. The responsibility is placed on the shoulders of the older children to look after their younger brothers and sisters. This obedience to their parents continues throughout life. This Is well Illustrated In their marriage arrangements. The Mayan couple are drawn together for their life-long partnership by the work of a professional matchmaker, who consults only the fathers of the young pair. You might doubt the success of this “loveless”, “courtshipless” marriage. To the contrary, marriages are most successful because of the child’s unquestioning obedience to the father. As one father stated: "She's a good girl. She will love whom I tell her to.” And she did.
Mayans are extremely superstitious. If, when sweeping, the broom crosses the foot of a young boy or girl, they believe one will marry on old man or woman. Sweeping at night will make one poor. If one wishes to get rid of a tiresome guest, merely put the broom upside down behind the door. Germs or virus are never the cause for sickness, but it is due to a dwarf whose purpose is to go around spreading diseases and, if possible, start an epidemic. The dwarf is appeased by placing gourds tilled with food in the doorway of the house for each member of the family. The dwarf is then in a better mood and will leave the family unharmed.
During the “golden era" of their civilization, the seventh century A.D., the Mayas had many gods, a god of corn, the ram god of fertility, a god named “Ku”, whose four sons held up the sky, and many others, However, it is believed that originally they were monotheistic, that is, they believed in only ooe Supreme Being. They had two main classes of religious men: the prophets or seers who were highly respected and often carried shoulder high by an adoring public, and the priests who were feared and hated. The latter sentiments were not without reason.
These priests would select human sacrifices from among the populace and then at a grand ceremony at one of their temples lay the victim over a stone or wooden altar and have two or four underpriests hold the unfortunate victim secure. Amid the cries of the sufferer the executioner would cyt the heart and other organs from his writhing body while the worshipers looked on. Thus did false religion keep its fearful hold over a simple people, The high priest was well named “Ahaucan”, which means “The Lord Serpent”—a true follower of the Serpent, Satan the Devil, who Jesus said was a murderer from the beginning.—John 8:44; Revelation 12:9.
No wonder that today they have lost all trust and respect for religion. Although “Christianity" has been preached to them by the religions of Christendom, it is practiced exclusively by the women, and the majority have only the vaguest idea of what it is about. Their past has made them fatalistic. Many of them when old, though not ill, have been known to announce that the time has come for them to die. They re treat to their hammock and die, believing the paganistic teaching that their Immortal soul will climb the nine steps to join the thirteen gods of the upper world or perhaps will join company with the nine gods of the underworld.
But whatever their belief, the good news of God's kingdom is being preached to them. Under this kingdom the Mayans as well as people of all nations will find their only hope.
New York to Have Water for All
COR eight ndlUcn people New York use* • rfsotfalc 1,300 mil]km gallon* of water daily —the equivalent of 150 gallon* a pemm. Yet among large cities it claims it* water Is “widely and justly regarded as being the best In the world'*. Whether or not the claim i* true, few cities would Ignore an abundant supply of river water (even though it is sewer contaminated) to build huge aqueducts to bring water from fine mountain streams more than 100 miles away.
New York has done just that. For decades it has gone Into the Catski] 1 Mountains Io get Its water, and when It is suggested that something tn 1* ri or might be accepted, a great surge of protest arises. When, during the water shortage of 1949 and 1950, arrangements were made to tap the Hudson many miles north of the city lor a mere 100 million gallons dally (less than a tenth of the city's requirement) it was pointedly explained that such would be used only in a "dire emergency".
d. The water that the city drinks, bathes In, fight* fire and clean* streets with is first accumulated from spring* and loaming brooks on tree-covered mountains, then flows into the great Ashokan, Rondout, and Schoharie reservoir* high in the Catskill*. The - most distant, Schoharie, Is a northward flowing stream that gather* water for this sea-level city from mountain* approaching 4,000 feet. This water 1* then diverted by the 182-foot-hlgh Gilboa Dam into a tunnel that bores eighteen miles southward toward Ashokan Reservoir, the water’s first ■top on its plunge toward the city. Here it combine* with water that flows south from the mountains. It 1* aerated through about 1,600 nozzle* that liberate any odcr-preducing gases, and it again surges down through a great aqueduct that, at Storm King Mountain, burrows far beneath the Hudson to finally reach New York.
41 Construction of these upstate reservoirs began In 1907. The first Catskill water reached the city in 1915. Even though the Ashokan Rpervolr alone could Inundate all of Manhattan island to a depth of 30 feet, more is needed and the
city is developing vast new projects to tap the upper reaches of the Delaware River on the west aide of the Catskill*. A $42&miWon engineering project includes a 25-mUe tunnel under the mountains that will connect a branch of the Delaware with other reservoirs In the present system.
U All sources, including the Croton and Kens!* co reservoirs nearer the city, feed Into balancing and distributing reservoirs at the city’s edge. From these the water is delivered through the Bronx, the length of Manhattan and across Into Brooklyn through a huge 15-foot circular tunnel driven through solid rock 200 to 750 feat below street level. Along it* 18-mlle length it has 22 huge riser shafts that connect with the city's large mains. Through one of the world's greatest water systems it Is then delivered by gravity flow to all parts of the city and into every individual apartment, finally going under the harbor to reach the southernmost tip of Staten Island, more than 159 tniles from Its source.
f Hie problem of getting water to the upper floor* of tall building* 1* solved by having each pump it* own water into storage tank* on the roof. These are visible throughout the city, and some are extremely ornamental. The picturesque watchtower atop the Watchtower Society's headquarters in Brooklyn surrounds such a storage tank.
< Even more Important than pure water for the city are the water* of truth from God's Word. They are plentiful in New Yorkjthia week, for Jehovah's witnesses are meeting in their New World Society Assembly at Yankee Stadium, All person* of good will are welcome. New Yorkers in particular are now being invited, because those from greater distances are already here. Come, a* Isaiah 55:1 says, to partake ol waters of truth “without money and without price”. “Come/' as Revelation 22:17 says, and “take the water of life freely". Seekers of truth In this famished old world are specifically invited to Yankee Stadium for the eight days. July 19*26, Be there. You will be amazed at what you see and hear and at the blessings you will receive!
l-FRIEND OR FOE?
It depends on you
The procedure is to simply find the stimulus that Is most closely connected with the strong responses of hatred and then apply it with adeptness. The hate-producing tools that are most easily manipulated are words—verbal insult, ridicule, slander and appeal to the base instincts.
A popular type of verbal
HATRED is the opposite of love. Christ underscored this definition when he said: “No one can be a slave to two masters; for either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will stick to the one and despise the other.” (Matthew 6:24, New World Trans.) Hatred is one of the greatest motivating forces within human creatures. Unfortunately, selfish men with axes to grind, whether political, religious or commercial, have recognized the power of hatred and that in the ability to understand hatred, summon it up and direct it against a particular object lies the power to influence and control not only individuals but entire nations. If hatred is strong enough and Is given added drive by anger, fear and other emotional responses without giving thought to the righteousness of the hatred, a strange phenomenon occurs in man as he “loses his mind”, in a sense, and deserts friendly tendencies, justice and love. Hatred thus misdirected and improperly expressed can be seen in every stratum of this world’s social structure—man against man, group against group, class against class, nation against nation, ideology against ideology, and, yes, even man against God!
Mobilizing Hatred
Hatred can be called to action by subtle propaganda that directs public attention to certain aspects of the course of events and attaches special interpretations to them. hate-breeding stimuli is stories about things resented and abhorred by those one Is trying to excite to hatred. Whether false or true, they play on the emotions of those being influenced. In wartime it is the atrocity story about the foul deeds committed by the enemy, such as the brutal slaying of a woman or the shelling of a defenseless village, that plays a vital role in conditioning the minds of the people for war. In many instances, however, hate-producing stories are falsified or greatly exaggerated so as to strike at those things that,cause resentment and repulsion. A group or minority may be wrongly labeled “Communist” and false stories circulated about it. Though the stories are not true, they nevertheless cause resentment and hatred on the part of those who have grown to hate communism. If prolonged verbal stimulation is applied by the mind-mongers, this hatred may give vent 'to overt acts of physical aggression against the marked group.
A classic example of verbal stimulation to hatred is the case of Christ Jesus, who was convicted of sedition. While Christ advocated no violence and maintained a politically neutral position with respect to earthly governments, his enemies exaggerated his stand of separateness toward the world. Stories were noised about that he was seditious, against the Roman government and the best interests of the Jewish people and all they held dear. These stimuli mobilized hatred against Jesus.
Hatred gave vent to overt acts of verbal and physical aggression. The hate-excited mob cursed him, called for his blood and finally killed him, to the inward satisfaction of his enemies.
The Anger Drive
Words repeated without reinforcement soon lose their power to evoke hatred but may be regenerated as effective stimuli by association with other stimuli that are more firmly joined with the anger responses. Anger-producing stimuli invariably lead to hatred. And one way to arouse an individual's anger is to frustrate him. Frustration, if it first provokes aggressive responses far enough, is almost certain to arouse anger. This appears to work in aggression with words as well as with acts. If an Individual is frustrated and responds only by uttering aggressive words, he may by this process work himself up into quite a rage even though initially he experienced very little anger. On the other hand, aggressive language sometimes serves to reduce rather than produce anger. The “storm” blows out without effecting any physical damage. Of course, the strength of the aggressive tendencies depends a great deal on the importance the individual attaches to the behavior or goal that is thwarted or temporarily denied. The hungrier a dog is the more he is likely to snarl and bite if his bone is taken away.
But what if the one major stimulus proves to be too weak to call forth the anger response? Then the formula calls for a repeat performance from time to time, preceded, if possible, by a series of other weak stimuli. When an individual is peppered with a series of minor annoyances or prolonged delays of less important activities, the cumulative effect might be quite as productive of hatred and anger as one break in a major activity. Recall the continuous dripping of water that wore a hole in the rock or the straw that broke the camel’s back.
Patriotism is another means by which anger and eventually hatred can be evoked. One of the problems of any government is to win and hold the allegiance of its people. One way this is accomplished is by emotionally conditioning the people and causing them to associate with the symbols of the state (such as a national emblem, a constitution, monuments, etc.) protection from outside enemies, assurances of internal security and the satisfaction of a great many human desires and needs. This conditioning of love responses to national symbols is begun early in life. These symbols, such as the flag, are constantly associated with experiences in which the child’s needs are met and wants are satisfied. The child soon acquires the power to summon the kind of responses that produce drives. During Hitler’s heyday part of his program for education in patriotism was to teach the children to repeat the phrase: “For this we thank our Fuehrer,” in connection with all satisfying experiences. This conditioned the minds of the youths and caused them to connect all pleasant things with the Fuehrer.
It is easy to see how simple it would be for selfish men to arouse hatred against any person, group or nation by falsely representing them as against the national symbols and as destroyers of the things for which the symbols stand. Jehovah’s witnesses are a case in point. Here is a group of people who refuse to bow down to any national symbol but who respect and defend the things that most of the symbols of free nations are supposed to represent. Those who hate Jehovah’s witnesses and who would have them out of the way misconstrue their stand, emotionally calling attention to the witnesses’ refusal to salute
national emblem as an
UM
Mem and that
a flag, without giving proper expiamtimi of the witnesses’ stand. (Exodus 20:3-5) This is bound to arouse the anger responses of those who have been taught to love their only throe who bow down to it and honor it according to custom stand for the things for which the symbol stands. The immediate reaction is: ‘This group is against my best interests. I should hate this group; I should fight it,” without intelligently examining both sides of the Issue and determining whether such fear, anger and hatred are justified or not. If the hateproducing stimulus is repeated and reinforced by other stimuli, hatred will burst forth and quite possibly overt acts of physical violence—mob action.
Directing Hate and Anger
People can be taught to hate almost anything or anybody if they fail to think for themselves and to measure hate-making stimuli with intelligence. Two psychological principles involved in directing hatred are gcncraUaaticm and displacement. To explain generalization: A small boy learns to hate ajl other boys with whom he has had fights. He notices they ail have something in common—they live across the tracks. It is simple for him to identify this and generalize it. Henceforth each new boy who lives across the tracks is an added stimulus to arouse responses producing hatred and hostility. Humans tend to classify other persons, situations, times, places, etc., according to the types of responses evoked by them. The type of response to a new stimulus depends in part on how it is classified.
More common is generalization by name or label. From experiences and propaganda a certain name or label, such as “Communist”, is sufficient cause to produce anger and hate reactions. Soon hate can be summoned against anyone wbo cm be labeled or marked with the unpopular name. This natural tendency of people has been greatly abused by conspiring men.
Generalization, or the classifying and labeling technique, does not always work. A second procedure may be employed that makes use of displacement. This tendency is to find a victim that can be “blamed” conveniently and .safely for various disappointments—a scapegoat. An explanation of this may be: All individuals In our society, except very young children, have learned that it is much safer to be aggressive against a so-called “blameworthy" person or unpopular group than against one who is popular and seemingly "blameless”. Society rewards those who punish or cause to be punished persons who are "blameworthy”. If in punishing the blameworthy, the punisher experiences anger, then both the anger and the aggressive act of punishing are rewarded. These acts and those that arouse anger become connected with such verbal stimuli as “ho is to blame" and "he deserves his punishment". Then by principles already mentioned the words acquire power to provoke anger and hatred and violence.
Often anger and hatred find an outlet in mob action. When the mob mind prevails, individuals who are commonly possessed of a certain amount of reason, morality and justice, throw inhibitions and awareness of right and wrong to Die wind and transform themselves into thoughtless moral-irresponsible^. Stimulated by anger and motivated by hatred, the mob is conscienceless and nothing more than a wild angered beast that destroys without reason. Only after the appetite of hatred has been satisfied does the mob mind break up into individual intellects, which finally gain composure, and in individual reflection some are filled with shame and selfdisgust.
Since it is possible for one to be influenced to hate improperly, how good it is to strive to keep a proper mental balance in all things, a correct sense of values, and exercise the free moral agency with which normal men have been endowed by the Creator! Do not surrender your mind to evil-working men and lose the dignity, duty and merit of a man—to think as he ought.
“Perfect Hatred”
There is, however, a “perfect hatred ”, the hatred clearly defined in God’s Word, the Bible, that sets out the principles of righteousness for Christians to follow. This proper hatred is not unintelligent nor expressed by undue violence as is done in the world. Such abominable practice is condemned by God’s Word. (Ephesians 4:31, New World Trans.) Rather, it is based upon God’s example of hate. Yes, Jehovah God is capable of hate. His Word says: “There are six things which Jehovah hateth; yea, seven which are an abomination unto him.’’
This may sound strange to those who recall that “God is love” and that the basis of worship of Jehovah Is love. But that love is a restricted affectton for things righteous or creatures desiring righteousness. But notice what his Word says Jehovah hates: among other things, “a lying tongue, and ... a false witness that uttereth lies, and he that soweth discord among brethren.” (Proverbs 6:16-19, Am. Stan. Ver.) Confirming this the Scriptures state: "You loved righteousness and hated lawlessness.” (Hebrews 1:9, New World Trans.) The intensity of our love for Jehovah and things righteous creates a similar intensity of hatred for things evil and wrong. This perfect hatred of lawlessness and evil, which causes the Christian to shun such, and the love of righteousness will prove to be virtuous qualities and safeguards for Christians who maintain mental stability in these days of the world’s thoughtlessness. "Ye that love Jehovah, hate evil.”—Psalm 97:10, Am. Stan. Ver.
■j? Hie New York Times, April 2, 1953, reported the find by same Bedouin shepherds of seventy Biblical scrolls, believed to be 2,000 or more years old, in a cave on the shores of the Dead Sea, some twenty-five miles east of Jerusalem. Termed “perhaps the most sensational archaeological event of our times”, the report observes that “for the next generation, at least”, these scrolls would keep Bible scholars all over the world busy pondering their significance. Written on papyrus and leather in Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek, the scrolls were manuscripts of Bible books, Biblical commentaries and paraphrases, and some known as well as previously unknown apocryphal writings.
Some forty scrolls contained 18 Bible books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Ruth, Samuel, Kings,
= Psalms, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Isaiah, E Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel and E Lesser Prophets. In view of the fact that E Samuel and Kings comprise two. Bible books = in most versions, and the Lesser Prophets E twelve, it may be that the find will prove to E contain a total of thirty-one Hebrew Scripture E books or eighty per cent of the entire Hebrew = Scriptures, which consist of 39 books.
E ‘r In view of the eloquent testimony to the E Bible's accurate preservation given by the = Dead Sea Scroll of Isaiah, found in 1947 under E similar circumstances, and which, aside from E a few changes in spelling, was the same as E the Masoretic text (on which modem trans E lations are based), although antedating it by a z thousand years, there is every reason for E Bible lovers to look with eager confidence to E what a translation of these manuscripts win 5 reveal.
&elagT&rtk &ecag!
NOT only are our teeth important as an ingenious grinding machine for the body, but alec iladr natural uses are important In the development of a normal-looking face, a hack ground for u beautiful
smile; important In eating, spew kins and breathing. A healthy person has thirty-two permanent teeth, sixteen in the upper jaw and sixteen in the lower. rTTir more and the harder the teeth are used, the better they are, They are made of the hardest form of tissue in the body and the only kind that eannoi repair itself. Years afler death when the rest of the anatomy has turned to dust, the teeth still remain Intact. Yet in the living body these powerful structures are virtually at the jnercy of the process of decay.
There are two major theories hs to the cause of decay. rlYie most widely accepted theory Is that advanced by Dr. W. D. Miller af Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who stated that carbohydrate foods (sugars, starches! proauce an odd in the mouth. This acid attacks tooth enamel, slowly destroying it-The other theory is that bacteria make their way through microscopic tooth Assures, attack the dentine under the enamel, and In this way cause decay. However, with the aid of powerful microscopes and atomic tracers the enamel structure has come in for a closer look. Dr. Reida i* Sognnaes of Harvard and Dis. David Scott and Ralph Wyckoff of the National Institute of Dental Research ir. Washington revealed the tooth to contain "a framework of organic matter'1, and Uiat It is spongelike, pocked with ridgPH and volleys. According to Dr. Rvidar, die enamel of a single tooth is
made up of some 10,000,000 Infinitesimal prisms, ‘rcadi being formed in the Ant place by cells which had to work In rhythm to form the enamel The pathway of decay/1 said Dr. Reidar, “Ues between these prisms, a space one one-thousandth of a millimeter wide. ’
Another recent discovery was that made by Dr. William W. Wainwright, head of the department of radiology at the University of Illinois College of Dentistry. His experiments show the tooth to be porous, capable of absorbing substances, including vitamins. quickly and thoroughly, like a sponge. These findings are of major Importance to the dental profession, because the extent to which these tiny perforatiom arc scaled and what seals them has much to do with the incidence of tooth decay.
Tooth decay has been attributed to almost everything. Some attribute decay to poor diet, yet the poorest-fed people have some of the best teeth. Cavities are scarce in Mexico and India in comparison with America. Amarlcan prisoners held in German and Japanese camps lived on a semistarvation diet, yet Buffered almost no tooth decay. Soft fexxk have been blamed for decay. However, Polynesians live almost altogether on soft foods and have ex* cdlsit teeth. Improper or no care fur teeth has been blamed. Still Samoars and Eskimos who Dever saw a toothbrush or mouthwash have the bed teeth in the world. Some have Hamed heredity, others climate and sunshine. Rut none of these chargee Ixjld up under present dental knowledge. Dr. Neumann, a Columbia University re-seardier, staled that he finds a big hlddei cavity in every current theory and practice,
America has the highest standards of living in the world and the highest per capita income and her “teeth are among the earth's worst1'. The U. S. Congressional Record states that “about 98 per cent of all the people in the United States are affected by dental decay”. Americans pay almost a billion dollars annually in dentists' bills, and another $100 million yearly on pastes and powders to assure them a sparkling smile. Despite this care, American dentists are treating almost 50 per cent more patients than they were a decade ago, and fill 40 per cent more cavities. A recent dental survey shows that “American youngsters alone have more than 300,000,-000 unfilled cavities In-their mouths; adults have 285,000,000 more. Meanwhile tooth decay is increasing six times as fast as cavities can be filled0. And according to a report made by fiJeaderis Digest “it would take our 84,000 dentists three years to catch up with this backlog of afflicted teeth”. More than nine of every ten children, at the age of six, have one or more decayed teeth. And by the time the average American is thirty, he has only twelve healthy unfilled teeth, instead of thirty-two.
No Cure-All* in Sight
Hundreds of millions of dollars is spent yearly to determine the cause of tooth decay. Thousands of laboratory researchers at various institutions are probing the problem, and yet science seems no closer to solving the disease than the ancient Egyptians (circa 3000 B.C.) who advised the use of cloves to relieve toothache and poultices to reduce swelling, or the Greeks who were told by Aristotle to wash their teeth with a wet cloth after eating. So, hang on to your toothbrush, because there is still no scientific “miracle” to replace it. In the words of Paul Green,' 'there is absolutely no drug, no treatment, no diet, no equipment that even remotely promises to abolish tooth decay, and none proven to be effective In reducing decay among adults.” “If anything,” be says, “as far as the rate of tooth decay Is concerned, we have retrogressed—we are afflicted with more caries per person today than were our Mayflower ancestors/1
‘Hut what about the efficacy of fluorine applications or sodium fluoride mixed with drinking water? What about 'ammoniated' dentifrices, or penicillin dentifrices? What about the seemingly wonderful results obtained by the late Dr. Bernhard Gottlieb of the University of Dallas by coating teeth with potassium ferrocyanide and zinc chloride? What about the use of aureomycin, chlorophyll, urea, carbamide and Vitamin K, as probable decay deterrents?. .. Tests with all of the substances mentioned so far are far too Inadequate, have been conducted among far too few subjects and for too short a time to be even remotely conclusive. The Very best results obtained so far—with fluorine applications and sodium fluoride in drinking water—have been about 40 per cent effective in reducing decay among children. Many of the substances, fluorine, penicillin, and potassium ferrocyanide, for instance, are actually poisonous if taken in too large doses, so application must be done carefully and by dentists, nurses or physicians.”—Pageant, April, 1951.
Water and Rru*h
The best-known preventive agent against tooth decay is still clean water and the toothbrush, As for the type of dentifrice to use, Dr. Harry Lyons, dean of the School of Dentistry at the Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, stated that a half-and-half mixture of table salt and baking soda was as good as any dentifrice on the market. The most any dentifrice can do is clean your teeth.
Experiment* directed by Dr. Leonard S. Fosdick, professor of chemistry at Northwestern University Dental School, indicated that “tooth decay can be reduced 50 to 60 percent by the simple process of brushing or rinsing the teeth right after eating*,. For two years 946 men and women students of five colleges tn the Midwest and South took part in the test. As reported; J£A test group of 523 students brushed their teeth with a neutral paste within ten minutes after eating; or, if brushing was inconvenient, they rinsed their mouths thor-oughly with water. The other 423 students continued their regular habit of brushing their teeth night and morning. Examinations by X ray and visual means at the end of the first year showed the latter group developed new cavities at a rate which made an average of 2 J each* while the test group had an average of only 3, a reduction of 63 per cent. At the end of the second year the test group had 53 per cent fewer cavities than the control group.” —The Reader’s Digest t July, 1950,
Brushing our teeth before going to bed and the first thing after rising cleanses the teeth and sweetens the breath, but does not necessarily do away with decay. For the brushing of teeth to be effective it must be done immediately after each meal, and if brushing is inconvenient then the mouth should be rinaed with a glass of cool water. Water helps to neutralize the adds in the mouth. After each meal particles of fermentable foods remain in our mouth. These are attacked by bacteria, the same rod-shaped bacterium that sours milk. The food
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