Awake!, April 8, 1951

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WILL EAST MEET WEST IN PEACE? Was Kipling forever right? Or will the twain meet on earth?

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“Missing Links” Between Ape and Man

Fantastic "links” are creatures of evolution’s fancy

“The Hoodlum Empire”

Gamblers’ kingdom of crime flourishes at your expense

The “Saints”—Mighty Heroes of Catholic Mythology

THE MISSION OF THIS JOURNAL

News jounces tbw Are able to keep you awake to the vital tauee of our times must be unfettered by censorship and selfish Interests. “Awake!” has no fetters. It recognizes facts, faces facts, is free to publish facts. It Is not bound by political ambitions or obligations; .it is unhampered by advertisers whose toes must not be trodden on; it is unprejudiced by traditional creeds. This journal keeps itself free that it may apeak freely to you. But it does not abuse its freedom. It maintains integrity to truth.

“Awake !’* uses the regular news channels, but Is not dependent on them. Its own correspondents are on all continents, in scores of nations. From the four corners of the earth their uncensored, on *th«- scenes reports come to you through these columns. This journal’s viewpoint is not narrow, but is IntemationaL It is read in many nations, in many languages, by persons of all ages. Through its pages many fields or knowledge pass in review—government, commerce, religion, history, geography, science, social conditions, natural wonders—why, its coverage is as broad as the earth and as high as the heavens^

“Awake 1” pledges itself to righteous principles, to exposing hidden fpes and subtle dangers, to championing freedom for all, to comforting mourners and strengthening those disheartened by the failures of a delinquent world, reflecting sure hope for the establishment of a righteous New World.

Get acquainted with “Awake!” Keep awake by reading “Awake 1”

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CONTENTS

Science the “Messiah”?

Facts Regarding Our Ductless Glands

Will East Meet West in Peace?

The Pituitary Gland

Past Meetings of East and West

The Thymus and Adrenals

IS

Parting of the Ways

Senseless Rioting tn Singapore

Why the Gulf Between the Two

The "Saints”—Mighty Heroes of

"Missing Links” Between Ape and Man

Catholic Mythology

Of Men and Animals

"Your Word Is Truth”

"The Hoodlum Empire1’

“More Happiness in Giving”

The Kefauver Committee

Sixteenth. Class Graduates from Gilead

Legalized Gambling No Solution

Watching the World

“Now it is high time to awake.’—Romans 13:11 &

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Volume XXXII Brooklyn, N. Y., April 8, 1951 Number 7

SCIENCE THE "MESSIAH”?

SOBERLY considered, this is a strange world. On the one hand civilization seems backed to the wall, gripped by fear and faced with new and unknown terrors from day to day. International distrust, increasing war clouds and unsteady hands on the helms of state are only a few of the world’s woes. Yet, this chaos falls upon an age immeasurably ahead of any other previous time, from the standpoint of science. Hence, men call it the “brain age”. Like a child holding a shiny new toy while sitting in the midst of a mud puddle, today’s society clings to science, its pride and joy. It is normal to desire health, and a wise man will act against illness at its first approach. It is but natural then to expect this ‘world of the wise’ to seek cures for its condition, is it not? But have you ever discussed much of God, his purposes and matters depending on faith with the average modem worldling? If you have not, the general attitude of scoffing so much received in return may come as a surprise. But though they scoff at the prospect that God might supply their cures, there is absolutely no limit to their imagination of what science might yet do.

Philosopher Bertrand Russell, Nobel Prize winner, has made some pointed observations concerning a coming better world at the hands of science, with ‘democracy, trade unionism and birth control* spread earth-wide. He called for world government, complete monopoly of war weapons and the traditional liberal freedoms of speech, press and religion. He predicted a scientific advance to “a vastly better world, given one single condition: the removal of mutual distrust between East and West”. Interestingly, he said, “The root of the matter is ... a thing so simple that I am almost ashamed to mention it, for fear of the derisive smile with which wise cynics will greet my words. The thing I mean—please forgive me for mentioning it—is love, Christian love or compassion?’

Carried away by the “science savior*’, Edmund Berkeley had published an article in greater detail, “2150 A.D.—Preview of the Robot Age,” in the New York Times* Magazine of November 19, 1950. Outlining the progress of the machine age, Mr. Berkeley went into detail concerning “mechanical brains”, machines now developed to “handle information according to regular logical and mathematical rules”, and to ‘make decisions and determine more than 99 per cent of their own instructions’. Growth of uses for machinemen has precipitated talk of what the author called the coming “robot revolution” and a subsequent “Robot Machine Commission”. As usual, talk next shifted to military uses.

The groundwork laid, Mr. Berkeley proceeds to envision the world 200 years hence, in 2150 (A.D.). He foresees the robots paving the way to man’s better world. The seasons would still be with us, but rain would probably come only when forecast and perhaps only when called for. “The earth would be a vast garden, carefully tended by robot workers. The Sahara and other great deserts of today would be fruitful farm lands, irrigated by atomic energy and robot wTater service.”

How can one be sure that all the emphasis would not be placed on the robots’ military advantages? Aware of how man is using atomic energy today, this is not being pessimistic and cynical, but is a realistic and fair question. Unfortunately, Mr. Berkeley can give no assurance. Before his vision of A.D. 2150, he simply says: “A United Nations Robot Commission would be a very great protection to the peoples of the world, if it could be made to function.” Does that answer your question?

Berkeley’s vision is but a tiny comer of the endless labyrinth that is the imagination of scientists. Another, Dr. Jacob Rosin, of Newark, New Jersey, lauds the coming of what he calls a “chemocracy”, with its instituting of a chemical society, replacing today’s hundreds of millions of hardworking farmers with a few thousand chemical workers. He advocates the wholesale capture of society by synthetics, which will liberate humanity from the plant.

Chemistry is fois “new scientific and industrial messiah” that can save the world “by creating a new world of plenty and security”. And every scientist has his own way out, his own road for the world’s salvation on the wings of science. Science, the marvel that has reduced the size of the earth to nothing through modem means of travel, science that has contrived to create artificial kidneys and hearts, now “brains” as well, and that has armed man to the teeth with weapons so fierce he trembles to use them on one hand, but frantically stock-piles them on the other for fear that his neighbors will beat him to it.

Though Mr. Russell was smart enough to see it, he was ashamed to say it: the world for all its brains does not know how to love. Science has not taught it to love, to live, to achieve peace. Science, as far as worldly wisdom is concerned, can offer no redemptive sacrifice to ransoni man from the world of sinful, dying creatures. Instead, it further embroils selfish man because of the demon influence over all powers devoted to the progress of the present system of things. Because worldly science is an implement of this system, it has nothing in common with God’s new world, for which Jesus Christ, the true Messiah, flatly turned down all demon and human offers of world domination.

Believe it or not, God’s Word the Bible has long foretold the restoration of Edenic pleasure to all the earth. The Bible, not science or robots, first told man of the end of wars, the ‘beating of swords into plow-shares’. Furthermore, these promises depend on no quibbling “if’s”, but are certain of realization, “East and West” or no “East and West”. By AD. 2150 the earth will very likely be well on the way to becoming an Edenic garden. But this will occur out of no thanks to human “science”. It will be in fulfillment of the prophecy of a true scientist, Jesus Christ, who foretold the present times of false hopes and that this generation would also see their close.

Finally, the Bible is the only teaching source today with lessons to offer in true love and the gaining of everlasting life. Man, a failure himself, will get nowhere by hiring machines to do his thinking for him. He is only doomed to further disappointment, for in his unbelievable demonstration of ill-wisdom, he coldly turns down God’s kingdom as impractical, but swallows wholesale the wild dreams of worldly scientists. He has chosen science. Those remaining with it will perish with it, for science is no savior.

W' LLJASTJAEET^e's

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fear, division and strife: every land politicians are at variance over what should be the national policy, as the nations divide into two armed camps. Even as Christ Jesus foretold, 'we are hearing of wars and reports of wars, nations are in anguish, not knowing the way out, and men are faint because of the things they see coming upon the inhabited earth.’ —Matthew 24:6; Luke 21:25,26, New World Trans.

The situation calls to mind the words of Kipling regarding the Occident and the Orient: “East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet.’' (BarrackRoam Ballads) On the one side stands Russia loudly protesting her peaceful intentions and accusing the democracies of warmongering, while parading her armed might at every opportunity. With her satellites and China, she constitutes the East. On the other side stand the democracies, together with some not-so-democratic nations aligned as the West and engaged in a mad armament race against time. A national emergency is declared in the United States, induction of youths into the armed forces is speeded up, while economists shudder at the alternative of spiraling taxes or spiraling inflation.

Yet neither the East nor the West really wants war, and especially is that true of the common people. Justifying their course, a foremost military commander of the democracies once said: ‘Wars do not make sense, but still the nations stumble into them and so we must prepare for war? It

spent as much ahl meM in trying to avoid stum-

bling into war as they spend in preparing for war there doubtless would be less war.

Past Meetings of East and West

The nations of earth were not always thus divided into two camps. Just about ten years ago as Hitler declared war on Russia the East very definitely became aligned with the West in a common effort to stop nazism and fascism. As the months and years rolled by the West supplied the East with the sinews of war, bombed Nazi industries, opened a war theater in Africa and finally a second front in France.

Co-operation between East and West also included the conference table. The first such meeting of the chiefs of the East and West took place at Moscow in October 1943. Previously Churchill and Roosevelt had met on six different occasions to determine policy and to plan strategy, on the Atlantic, in Washington, D.C., at Casablanca and in Quebec. At Moscow the East and West agreed “to continue the present close collaboration and co-operation . . . into the period following the end of hostilities . . . [for] only in this way could peace be maintained”.

About one month later East and West met again, this time at Teheran, the capital of Iran or Persia, where they again expressed their determination to work together in war and in peace. Having reached “complete agreement” and having a “common understanding” they were sure that their concord would make peace an enduring one. They would “banish the scourge and terror of war for many generations”, and looked “with confidence to the day when all the peoples of the world may live free Ilves untouched by tyranny”.

In August 1944 at the Dumbarton Oaks conference, Washington, D.C, East and West met again. There 42 nations worked seven weeks in formulating “a plan for the establishing of an organization of ... all peace-loving nations on the principle of sovereign equality” and in which each nation would bear' responsibility “commensurate with its capacity” and through which machinery would “be organized and armed with force required to act promptly and effectively in suppressing aggression”.

Yalta, in the Crimea, in February 1945, saw the next East-West meeting. There the Big Three discussed and determined policies regarding such problems and issues as the occupation of Germany, reparations, liberated countries, Poland, Yugoslavia and the veto.

East and West met again in April 1945 at San Francisco, California, where they worked together for several months in forming the United Nations organization, the charter of which was soon to be signed by 50 nations. By means of this charter, which was to serve both as a morally binding agreement for nations to work together for peaceful ends and as an instrument to accomplish that purpose in a realistic and practical way, the West fondly hoped to continue its wartime co-operation with the East in times of peace.

Shortly after the forming of the United Nations organization, the East and West met again, in July at Potsdam, on the outskirts of Berlin, Germany. At this meeting, due to death and politics, Truman and Attlee were the ones to bargain with Stalin on reparations, territorial adjustments, freedom of press, elections, plebiscites, etc. Also, the Yalta agreement to give Russia a slice of Poland (east of the Curzon line) and to compensate Poland by giving her a slice of Germany (east of the Oder and Neisse rivers) was confirmed.

Parting of the Ways

East and West met again at the general peace conference held in Paris, from July 29 to October 15, 1946. It was at this conference, which was essentially advisory, its members being unable to make changes in the treaty drafts made by the Big Four, but only to recommend them, that the rift between the East and West really came out in the open as one nation after another took sides. Each side seemed to have good reason for distrusting the other. The United States tried to correct some of the objectionable features of the treaty drafts previously agreed upon, but in vain. Russia was adamant. Among the thorny issues that divided East and West were Trieste and navigation on the Danube. Russia emerged from that conference as the chief beneficiary.

At Potsdam provision was made for the foreign ministers of the Big Four to meet to solve the knotty problems and iron out the difficulties still remaining. The first three of these were held before the general peace conference convened and the sixth and last of these was held more than a year thereafter. They met first in London, then in Moscow, then in Paris, then in New York, then back again to Moscow and finally again in London. Nothing of importance was accomplished at any of these meetings.

The United Nations organization was to effect the continuance of East-West cooperation and it took about a year to perfect its organization to that end. And what have the subsequent years shown as to its purpose being realized? Regarding the second year of its existence the Encyclopedia Americana says: “The year 1947 will undoubtedly take its place in the history of negotiations to liquidate the war and establish an enduring peace as the year of intolerable exasperation and disillusionment." The situation was named the “cold war", in contrast to a “hot" or "shooting war.

The year 1948 saw a worsening of relations between East and West. The United States evolved an ambitious scheme, the ERP or Marshall Plan, to aid the democracies, while Russia extended her sphere of influence by maneuvering a Communist coup in Czechoslovakia and forcing a treaty upon Finland. Claiming that the joint allied commission in Berlin was no longer serving any purpose, Russia instituted the “Berlin blockade". Typical of East-West relations was the political campaign in Italy, where neither side spared effort or expense in trying to win the elections.

Though 1949 saw the lifting of the Berlin blockade—an admission by Russia that the allied airlift (which had sent in two and a third million tons of supplies in a year and a half) had defeated her purpose to get the Allies out of Berlin—nevertheless the general East-West situation was marked with “a degree of intensity in the war of ideologies surpassing even the crescendo of the previous year. Europe remained a veritable political and economic ferment". The West set up a German republic in the Western zone in September and Russia organized a puppet regime for the Eastern zone a month later. Foreign ministers of the Big Four met again but accomplished little except to emphasize how sadly the relations between East and West had deteriorated.

The year 1950 saw conditions getting still worse. In January the Russian-delegated Malik walked out of the United Nations assembly in protest to Nationalist China’s keeping China’s seat in the Security Council, only to return in August to take his turn as chairman and to waste a whole month in lambasting the Western powers for the action taken by the United Nations in Korea. Indicative of the condition of East-West relations were the shooting down of an unarmed'American plane over the Baltic by the Russians, Hoover’s call that Russia be expelled from the United Nations, and Russia’s providing of the North Koreans with military experts, soldiers, jet planes and other equipment in their fight with the West.

Why the Gulf Between the Two

Seven years ago East and West signed the Teheran communique assuring the world that their concord would make peace an enduring one, and in his fourth inaugural address Roosevelt predicted that the coming peace would last a thousand years. But where is peace today? Why are East and West so far apart?

First of all because of differing economic and political ideologies. The West is committed to parliamentary forms of government in which elected representatives of the people make laws, courts interpret them and the executive puts them into effect, whereas the East is wholly totalitarian and derides parliamentary government. The West believes in freedom of speech, assembly, press and worship, whereas the East holds that the individual is wholly subservient to the state and therefore it purges all resisting minorities such as Jehovah’s witnesses. The West grants individuals varying degrees of economic freedom, whereas the East holds that individuals are mere automatons in the state’s production scheme. The West shows at least some respect for truth and justice, the East none whatsoever.

In 1919 Lenin, founder of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, stated: “The existence of the Soviet Republic side by side with the imperialist states is unthinkable. One or the other must triumph in the end [and then] a funeral dirge will be sung either over the Soviet Union dr over world capitalism.”

Another factor that has aided in keeping East and West apart has been the difference in languages. At times serious disputes were had over the exact meaning of a term in one language or the other. Conversely, it is also true that the unity of Great Britain, the United States, Canada and Australia is due, at least in measure, to their having the same language.

And, of course, economic rivalry is another divisive factor. Greedy capitalists and ambitious dictators vie with each other for the rich oil fields of Arabia, Iran, as well as for other natural resources. And so they draw farther and farther apart.

Religion's Role

Not only have different political and economic ideologies, different languages and conflicting commercial interests all played their part m driving East and West apart, but organized religion has also played a divisive role. Religion is supposed to be based upon love and therefore it should act as a unifier and peacemaker. But has such been the case? Far from it! Not only is organized religion Itself divided religiously, nationally, racially and politically, but, especially as represented in the Roman Catholic organization and the pope, she has done her worst to drive the two sides farther apart. And what an inconsistent role she plays! While loudly proclaiming a crusade against communism, by her hypocrisy and avarice she has been a leading factor in making people communists.

But the situation is not hopeless. God’s Word assures us that the people of earth will some day be united and that wars will cease. In fact, God is bound to bring about such peace and unity, for were he to permit present conditions to continue indefinitely such would be a denial of his supremacy and righteousness, and lie cannot deny himself.—Psalm 46:9; Isaiah 2:4; 9:6,7; Habakkuk 1:12-14; 3:1-19; 2 Timothy 2:13.

Perhaps some will say, ‘Impossible! Why, human nature just isn’t made that way! Men will always be selfish and so there will always be strife, confusion and war. Permanent peace is a mere Utopian dream!’

Let such of weak faith remember that all things are possible with God. (Matthew 19:26) The Bible not only assures us of the destruction of all discordant and selfish elements at Armageddon, but also of the changing of the hearts of men from selfishness to unselfishness. How will this be accomplished? By means of a clear understanding of God’s purposes; by means of a pure language which he already is turning to the people so that they can serve him with one consent, (Zephaniah 3:9) That East can meet West in peace is abundantly demonstrated among Jehovah’s witnesses today. Regardless of national, racial, and language differences, they are in complete unity, all have the same clear understanding of the purposes of Jehovah God and all are working together to bring honor to Jehovah’s name and comfort to men of good will.

The 1951 Yearbook of Jehovah’s Witnesses gives ample proof that more than one-third million of such servants of Jehovah God are thus united. And in spite of what world rulers may do to them they will not break their unity or integrity by taking sides in the strife between nations or ideologies, neither will they cease preaching. Their remarkable preservation and increase in spite of all opposition and persecution is eloquent testimony that Jehovah’s blessing is upon them and that he is backing them up. Their international convention last summer at the Yankee Stadium furnished striking proof that East can meet West in peace.

BETWEEN APE AND MAN

IN TRYING to account for the origin of man upon the earth, the evolutionists have outdone themselves in their fanatical anxiety to believe in Darwin's theory. Fragments of fossil skulls have been built up by inference and hypothesis into every possible combination of apelike and human features. Vying with one another in these “reconstructions”, evolutionist-anatomists come into sharp disagreement with each other, not only as to details, but even as to the general features of their "missing links”. Always seeking notoriety in the public press, they put fantastic estimates on the age of their fossils, usually without a shred of evidence. Let us examine the sharp contrast between facts and theories in the various “missing links”.

Java Man

Qne of the most famous of these “missing links” is called the Java man, or, to give it the name by which the“scientist likes to impress the layman, Pithecanthropus erectus. In 1891, a Dutch army surgeon, Dubois, discovered in a deposit of river gravel a few fragments of a skull and some teeth. Some time later, at a point 50 feet away, he uncovered a thigh bone. From these bits, proceeding" bn the unjustifiable assumption that they came from the same animal, he proceeded to invent a mongrel species of ape man.

He presented his theories at the Third International Congress of Zoologists, at Leyden. Professor Virchow, president of the congress, pointed out the obvious objection that while the skull fragment was undoubtedly that of a chimpanzee or gibbon, the thhh bone was human, and the circumstances of tneir discovery indicated that they had come from different creatures. This interpretation has been confirmed by other outstanding biologists. The objection so raised at the very beginning has never been satisfactorily answered. Yet evolutionists continue to this day to set forth these unconformable fragments as one of their strongest proofs of the evolution of man from an apelike animal.

It is curious that the original specimens of these fossils, upon which the evolutionists rely so heavily for their missing link theory, have never been made available to qualified scientists for study. Ales Hrdlic-ka, an eminent American anthropologist, complained about this:/ ~It wouldL surely seem proper an^jjgsir^hlg^that specimens of such value to science .should be freely accessible to well-qualified, investigators, and that accurate casts be made available to scientific institutions, particularly after twenty years have elapsed since the discovery of the original. Regrettably, however, all that has thus far been furnished to the scientific world is a cast of the skullcap, the commercial replica of which yields measurements different from those reported taken of the original, and several not thoroughly satisfactory illustrations; no reproductions can be had of the femur and the teeth, and not only a study but 1^yen £ view of the originals are denied to feientrfic men”

No wonder such a controversy has raged among anthropologists about Pithecanthropus erectus. After 40 years of the wrangling, Duboissaw fit to publish a. description of K more thigh bones, alleged to have been iii his possession aHthe time" The whole matter appears shrouded in an atmosphere of outright fraud. But today, simply by the weight of authority of their great minds, evolutionists dismiss the doubts that have never been resolve# and assets tHaTTH^'thigh" Bone' cerfam^^be-Ibng(^^

Piltdown Man

Another such missing link about which violent controversy has raged among anthropologists is the Piltdown man (Eoan-thropus). This againconsists of some frag? ments of a skull, of a jawbqpe, and one tooth, foury^atdiffer enttimes and In dif-fereht3*a?S^od a^r^^MfJjn^^ie^Sputh, Downs of England. The skull is, by general agreement,'fhat oFa man; the jaw greatly resembles that of a chimpanzee. Again, there is no evidence that these fossils came from a single creature; but to those who want to believe in the existence of ape men, what an opportunity it offers to build around the fragments a muzzle-mouthed, chinless monstrosity.

Especially heated debate^. have centered about the angieafwEicfTthe tooth^ should be^mount^mT^jaxvari^about the capacity of the brain-case. The tooth has been moved from the right side to the left, and from the lower jaw to the upper jaw. Unfortunately, the only portion of the jaw found is the lower right, so the angle of the tooth is anyone’s guess. The first estimate of tffe^ize of the Krain wasAOTO cc. J conveniently arranged to be about .halfway between that of the average man, about Tfito and that of the larger apes, about BOO cd? However, so little of the skull is present that other estimates by equally eminent experts vary widely from this;

today the size is generally conceded to have

No bones outside the head have been found in these deposits. But in spite of the meager evidence, the unsatisfied doubts, the unsettled controversies, this apelike “reconstruction” of Piltdown man occupies a place of honor in the American Museum of Natural History gallery of missing links, there to impress the gullible.

Heidelberg Man

Another fossil, which has been built from a single bone into a complete ape man and hence into a whole race of missing links, is the large jaw found at Mauer, near Heidelberg^ Germahy. This jaw is complete wrEK teeth. Because it is the largest fossil jaw ever found, but has ordinary-size human teeth, it has been acclaimed as belonging to a primitive ancestral form of the human race. From the jaw alone, to believe the imaginative anatomist, it is possible to infer not only the diet, but also the posture and the kind of tools used.

However, it is reported as a fact, not ad-vertised by the evolutionist, that jaws of similar size and proportion areAqund among the ■^dmoK Of j6dav' 7rhose who are not tumbling over themselves to line up with the pseudo-scientific religious dogmas of evolution will properly inquire for more convincing proof.

Peking Man

In contrast to the foregoing “missing links”, so scantily represented by solid bones, the so-called Peking man (Sinanthropus) is represented by a collection of about 40 JsEuTET founcT in the deposits of ancient caves" peqr Peking. China- Men, women, and children are included. Very few bones aside from the skull and jaw have been found, which, together with the observation that the skulls are generally crushed, suggests that the heads were

Severed from the bodies in some cannibalistic or head-hunting rite, A few of the skulls are complete enough to yield a rather accurate measurement of the brain size, which is about IQOO'cc. The forehead is low, with a heavy brow ridge, the mouth is prominent but the chin is not.

Here, one might suppose, is just what the evolutionist has been looking for, a head h^^^J^gtwe.en t^^aygrage man ancTthe age. However, the artifacts found in these caves disclose that this was unquestionably a human race, because stone tools and the^ remains oFcharrecHwood fires aye pye^ent. And, in their zeal for promoting their best example of a “missing link”, the evolutionists overlook entirely the existence of a living race of men which matches very closely the characteristics of the Peking man. The Veddas,. in Ceylon, are a small people, about 5 feet high, having small heads (brain-size afiouik 1000 cc.j, with flat noses and welbmarked^ brow ridges. These people aisolfveincayss, and make Are with the primitive whirling stick. So the much-vaunted Peking man fails to show any marked difference from living races, and serves only to link the past with the present and deny the evolutionary thesis of the constant change of species.

Neanderthal Man

And last among the missing links is the Neanderthal man, first discovered in the Neander valley in Germany, but represented by fossil skeletons of men, women, and children since found thrpughout Europe as well as in Asia Minor, Palestine, North Africa, Rhodesia, Arabia, and Iraq. This race was short and stocky, thick-boned 311(1 large-joIHed, witlTheads the size of modern Europeans, but with low foreheads and weak chins. They lived in caves, used fire, buried their dead, hunted with flinttipped spears the animals in the forests, including the now-extinct mammoths. They did not have tails. All these characteristics rpark them as unquestionabiy^uman, al-tjiough of a degenerate^tyge. Thisrace, too7?2ls within the variations of presentday man. They lived side by side with other races of men with high foreheads and greater stature, and their skeletons are found in the same deposits in Palestine.

Cro-Magnon Man

The exhibit of “missing links’* includes a so-called Cro-Magnon man. This is universally recognized as a typical representative of Homo sapiens, and diftersTh no respect? neither in stature, brain-size, shape of head, nor in wide variability between different individuals, from the races that inhabit Europe today. They are found in large numbers in the topmost sedimentary^ J^ycn?’’ thaf is,?'since ^EKeTIood of NoaPs

................... ~ "

To sum up the evidence from these so-called missing link fossils: Most of them are built upon fancy rather than fact, from a starting point of a few fragments of bone, sometimes human, sometimes simian, and having no relation to each other except for the circumstance of having been found in the same gravel pit. Unchecked by the necessity of conforming their reconstructions to known species, evolutionists have given free rein to their imaginations in cOnjyrmjg up monstrcis&ss lyjtPy .two, of them will agree. Th asp are the specimens which are most apelike, quite naturally, since they are the spawn of the warped minds of atheistic inventors, and not the work of the all-wise Creator of living things. On the other hand, those “missing links” which are represented by complete skulls or skeletons all fall within the range of variation of present-day races and individuals of humankind.

There is no evidence whatever that there has been a gradual change from any race of apes to the human race.—Contributed.

Of Men and Animals

At War and Peace

Allied Foes Rout Mailman

In what may rank as some sort of landmark in “military” history, a wasp and a dog pooled their resources last summer in an unusual alliance to put to rout Daniel Finneran, an unsuspecting mail carrier Ln West Orange, New Jersey. Finneran must have given the appearance of a dangerous aggressor to an unfriendly wasp who plunged to the attack and drew back only after scoring a direct hit. Re

^ound: One Pet Skunk

The Brooklyn Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals found itself face

of too

lentless pursuit forces were already in action seeking a complete knockout victory. While a “neutral” housewife was treating the sting her dog charged onto the scene and supplied the “coup de grace” by biting Mr. Finneran in the leg. It was apparent that no “cease-fire” agreement v possible, making further with drawal actions necessary. The victim was next heard from safely behind his own lines. j to face with a new kind of problem last October, and the kind problem that made this much close for comfort. It all began when forlorn skunk was rescued from a floating near New York’s Sixty-ninth Street Staten Island ferry slip. Though its leather collar band led to the conclusion that as a probable pet it had been deodorized, this idea was quickly debunked later at the society’s office. For obvious social reasons and because even books on ‘how to win friends’ would be of no avail here, the new arrival was placed in the “isolation” cage. At last, relief from what would have proved a highly disagreeable association came quickly after the pet was advertised. Its New Jersey owner was assured that he could readily have his pet back on condition that he would keep it in his own state henceforth. While in society keeping, the pet was temporarily (and fittingly) named "Blossom”.

Birds Join Navy—Then .Desert

The navy last fall enjoyed the unusual luxury of having volunteer recruits drop in *out of the blue* as It were. The account is told by crew members of the Military Sea Transportation Service transport “Gen. Maurice Rose”. On docking in New York they told of having carried over a thousand starlings for 300 miles of their voyage in addition to the regular crew. The would-be feathered sailors joined the vessel after being blown off course by a west wind while the ship was yet a day out of New York, Attachment for the navy grew when members of the crew served them chow, and four of the birds tried it the captain’s berth. Not until the ship neared Ambrose Lightship and shore did the makeshift “sailors” shed the navy blue and return to the skyways for southfull of navy

Man, Qorilla, Waistline Early last year, a baby female gorilla was brought here from Africa to provide the first act of what was to become a drama of indefinite length and crammed with mental and phys-ai anguish for its “director”. By the r term, reference is made to Cleveland zoo director, Fletcher Reynolds. Without apparent cause, the gorilla, Yokadouma by name, went on a hunger strike. This was a turn of events not bargained for. After every conceivable means of tempting Yokadouma to break down, Reynolds, in desperation, climbed into her cage and personally demonstrated the point by eating a banana. Eureka! the ape responded and had one too. But as soon as Reynolds stopped, so did Yokadouma. He found it necessary to trade bite for bite, which over a period of time went on through endless bananas, roasts of beef, plums and pears. When this report was made, Mr. Reynolds had gained ten pounds, but the gorilla was still fifteen pounds underweight.

How the Gambling Syndicate Corrupts Police and Politicians

ANY are the Bible prophecies that describe present-day conditions. Among such is the one recorded at 2 Timothy 3:1-3 (NW): “But know this, that in the last days critical times hard to deal with will be here. For men will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, . . . without self-control, fierce.’’

A striking fulfillment of the foregoing words is to be found today ip the United States, where organized crime is establishing itself as a powerful invisible government that threatens the supremacy of the federal government itself. The financial sinews of this “Hoodlum Empire”, so named by International News Service writer Bob Considine, are furnished by gambling in al] its varied aspects.

The Hoodlum Empire extends its tentacles to every part of the nation. Its eastern headquarters are found in New York city, from where it reaches out to points east, west and south. Chicago is the “chief nerve center” and Miami, the “winter capital”, where in mid-winter 75 per cent of the nation’s top hoodlums can be found basking in the Florida sunshine. West-coast gambling, a mere billion-dollar baby, has its headquarters in Los Angeles. The Mafia, strong-arm squad of the Empire, operates from Kansas City, Missouri.

At the top of the Hoodlum hierarchy stands Frank Costello, who reputedly 'collects a million dollars a year from the slot machines in the state of Louisiana

alone. Joe Adonis, one-time bootlegging overlord in Brooklyn, has the reputation of being the smartest casino operator in the country, Mickey Cohen, lord of vice, gambling, etc., is cock of the walk in Los Angeles. Charlie Fischetti, a cousin of Al Capone, is the biggest horse-betting operator in the Chicago area, location of the “Capone syndicate”. Frank Erickson and Harry Gross were the biggest bookmakers, handlers of off-track betting, in Manhattan and Brooklyn respectively until their district attorneys got after them. “Lucky” Luciano, though deported to Italy, still plays a vital role and reaps great profits from the Hoodlum Empire in the U. S.

Income and Corruption

Until recently some 2,000 householders and small shopkeepers in New Jersey were paid from $50 to $100 a week just for the use of their phones a few hours each day. In November of last year the police uncovered a gambling racket in the Bronx doing a quarter-mi Ilion-dollar business daily, and one on Wall Street that grossed $24 million a year. Losses by tycoons of from $100,000 to $500,000 in a few evenings of gambling at a casino are not unusual. The estimate that in the United States gambling is a 30-billion-dollar business with six billion in profits is not exaggerated.

Gambling is not only in position to furnish the chief source of income for organized crime, but it Is also the biggest single source of corruption of police officials and city and state leg-

islators. Life magazine secured informa* tion showing that “each of New York's numbers drops pays the police $750 to $1,500 a month, plus $2 a day for the cop on the beat, $20 a month for the sergeants and $25 to $40 a month for the plain-clothes squad. There is a restaurant on 125th street which is a regular meeting place where the police and numbers bankers discuss terms and new projects. There is. another restaurant down the street where the numbers operators hold a daily session of a sort of mutual protective association formed to try to keep the police demands within reason”.

Because of such steep prices for police protection many operators moved their gambling business to New Jersey and then had a fleet of limousines bring their customers over. In Brooklyn one bookje alone paid a million dollars a year for “ice”, while the grand jury estimated that each day a quarter million dollars was being paid Brooklyn police for protection.

In Miami Beach, Florida, a young councilman, by the name of Mel Richard, was elected on the Reform ticket. Among the first things he did was to go to the chief of police, Albert Simpson, and say: “I can close this whole town to gambling in five minutes, if you will let me make a call on the phone and use your name.” But the police chief demurred; he would first have to talk it over with the city manager.

Shortly thereafter Richard was offered a foolproof proposition that would make him rich. The punchboard business could make a profit of $750,000 annually if permitted to operate openly. If Richard was willing to “play ball” he would get a cut of one-fifth, or $150,000 per year. “Your share will be paid to you through legitimate channels . . . and the payments will never be traced . . . All we ask is that you let It operate. But to preserve your reputation as a reformer, we want you to knock punchboards in the papers and in speeches. We want you to continue ranting and raving. You can denounce the city manager and the chief of police. You can even stage raids occasionally. You can bring along photographers and have pictures of yourself taken, breaking up equipment. You could make speeches saying you’ve done your duty, and the people would believe you. What we ask in return for your one-fifth share is that you never go to the city manager or chief of police and demand, in privacy, an investigation and shutdown of the punchboards.”

When Richard turned it down the agent for the Hoodlum Empire was flabbergasted, but continued: “You must be out of your mind. . . . You were elected partly on your promise that you'd do something about the way the beach-front hotels have appropriated beaches that really belong to the people in general. We’d even see to it that some of those beaches were returned, and you’d get credit for it. We’d guarantee to deliver the necessary votes on the council.”

While from the foregoing it appears that the Hoodlum Empire have the science of corrupting public officials down to a fine art, they have no qualms in using their Mafia to execute individuals who stand in their way, although they prefer not to do so, because of the public indignation that it arouses. Among the victims of the past year were Binaggio, Gargotta, Mickey Cohen’s lawyer, members of the Empire itself, and two Chicago crime investigators, William Drury and Marvin Bas. According to the chief of police in Tampa, the Mafia is imported for important robberies or murders. “He said the police would round up eyewitnesses at the scene of the crime, but by the time they appeared before a grand jury they had received threatening telephone calls and could not remember anything about the occurrence.”

The Kefauver Committee

In response to popular clamor the senate appointed a committee to find out if there was indeed a nationally organized crime and gambling syndicate, According to Life magazine, Senator Ferguson, of Michigan, was the logical choice, as he had succeeded in breaking up gambling in Detroit without the help of any local officials and police. However, because he was a republican and gambling and crime flourishes in the large cities which are mostly democratic, he was shunted aside and a freshman senator, Kefauver, of Tennessee, was chosen.

Reporting on the way in which this committee carried on its investigations, Time magazine states: "In inviting New York's slick-haired gambler, Frank Costello, to testify about gambling, the U. S. Senate had been strictly high class all the way: it had not only communicated with him in a manner befitting his station (i.e., through his attorney), but had arranged to have cops at the airport to prevent any possible chance of his getting plugged upon arrival. Last week, as he waited to keep his appointment, the ‘Prime Minister of the Underworld' was determined to be just as polite to the Senate.”

Typical of the naivete with which the Kefauver committee has conducted its investigations were the questions it put to thischief of gamblers: was he a member of a crime syndicate or did he have anything to do with bookmaking (gambling) ? “No, absolutely no,” was his reply, and the committee seemed to be satisfied. They handled another gambler, Carroll, with such politeness that a baffled spectator exclaimed: "They act like they was trying to give him the Congressional Medal.”

Republican Philadelphia got more of a jolt from the committee, which was also outspoken regarding the situation in Chicago. But in Kansas City, Missouri, admitted headquarters of the Mafia and where just recently a double gangland murder had occurred, and where gambling, in spite of the "heat” being put on, was doing a 3-million-dollar business a month, the committee told the city that they had a good police department. Governor Smith, upon being queried regarding his relations with Binaggio, admitted that the gambler had called on him three times; the first time because “he wanted to see what the governor's office was like”, and the second time "to ask where was a good place to go fishing”; the third call did have a little more political significance.

New York, Chicago, Miami, California, and other cities and states have organized their own crime commissions to investigate the tie-in of gambling and police and political corruption, and everywhere the picture revealed is the same: a "powerful underworld organization making tremendous profits and paying fancy prices for police protection. Because of this widespread condition many argue that if gambling were legalized the government would profit instead of the criminals. This was the position taken by Mayor O’Dwyer and which supposedly so shocked Governor Dewey. Incidentally, in this connection Governor Dewey stated that such gambling could not take place without the knowledge and consent of the higher-ups. But gambling was wide open at the state’s health resort, Saratoga Springs, New York, until the senatorial investigation publicized the situation, forcing Dewey in the midst of a political campaign to act. And, according to The Nation^ state senator Halpern’s resolution to investigate gambling in New York state had Dewey’s backing until it was announced that the committee would begin with Costello, the ace of gamblers. Then “Dewey's office passed word that Halpern's resolution was to get nowhere fast. The resolution died in committee”.

And while O’Dwyer took exception to Dewey’s statement that gambling could not exist in any large measure without the knowledge and consent of the higher-ups, yet when reporters put personal questions to him regarding his connections, repeatedly, while not losing his temper, “his eyes went steely.” But it would seem that any governor or mayor that could be ignorant of such situations in his state or city is so stupid or so ill-informed as to be every bit as incapable of holding the job as though he were corrupt.

Legalized Gambling No Solution

But back to the legalization of gambling. In one midwest city slot-machine operators are agitating for the banning of slot machines because they made more money by operating them illegally and paying for protection than they do now that they have to pay taxes on them. Nevada is no example of prosperity by means of taxes, for how many people would go there to gamble if it were legal in there own state? What Nevada mortally fears is that other states will legalize gambling and thus take away from it all this revenue. And yet, in spite of all the profits from gambling, Las Vegas is a very, very poor city. Its police force is three times as large as and its library one-fifth that of cities of like size. It is unable to pay for improvements in spite of all its claimed revenue from gambling. The issue of legalizing gambling was put before the people of Arizona, and the governor was offered $200,000 by the Hoodlum .Empire, if, upon legalization, he would put their man in charge of the gambling setup. According to the California Crime Commission the answer is not legalization. In a public statement it said:

“It is claimed that licensing would remove criminals from the bookmaking racket, would end gang warfare, and eliminate the inducement for corruption.

“If such beneficent results would in-fact follow from a system of licensing, the proposals would, indeed, be worthy of serious consideration by all those interested in the improvement of our civic well-being.

“Our study of the bookmaking racket, however, has convinced us that licensing of off-track betting would produce precisely the opposite result.

“It would give free rein to our most men* acing national racket, and would inevitably result in a tremendous increase in racketeering and organized crime in many forms . . . The power to choose licensees who can operate a handbook profitably and successfully must inevitably rest with the ‘wire service’ organization. No bookie without the ‘service’, even though licensed, could compete with another bookie who had the ‘service’. The ‘wire service' is not a public utility, and there is no way in which the state could compel the ‘service’ to supply all licensees alike. Manifestly, such a situation would only increase inducements to corruption and the incitements of gang warfare . , , These conclusions are illustrated by the experience of the state of Nevada.”

There one Bugsy Siegal, who controlled the legally licensed books, was murdered by his gangster associates. Legalizing gambling did not make his job less hazardous.

So long as people are greedy for selfish gain, so long as people are discontented with their lot and crave excitement, so long as human nature is what it is, so long as the Devil is in control of this system of things, so long as the world’s largest religious organization encourages it, gambling will continue to plague ^mankind, and with it the sinister Hoodlum Empire. Only the kingdom of God can successfully cope with such forces, and only it can change the heart of man. The Bible shows that the time for it to do so is near at hand.

FACTS REGARDING OUR

THE great all-wise Creator did not needlessly burden the human body with any unnecessary parts. Though men at one time glibly spoke of the body having some 180 vestigial organs, modern scientific thought on the matter is well expressed by the late Oxford Professor E. S. Goodrich’s observation, "He would be a rash man indeed who would now assert that any part of the human body is useless.”

Among the organs at one time considered vestigial was at least one of the ductless glands. A gland is an organ that furnishes a secretion to the body. For instance, the salivary glands furnish saliva by means of ducts or openings. The glands without ducts add their secretion directly to the blood as the blood circulates through them, and hence are termed endocrine, literally, '‘separating within,” glands. These include the pineal, the pituitary, the thyroid, the parathyroids, the thymus, the adrenals, the islands of Langerhans, and the gonads or sex glands.

These endocrine glands work in conjunction with the sympathetic nervous system and serve the purposes of growth, nutrition, sex and involuntary muscle control. They are mutually dependent upon each other and their secretions are generally referred to as hormones, that is, exciters.

Though the presence of these glands in the human body was known to the earliest students of anatomy, yet only in recent times has knowledge been gamed as to their functions and, in view of divergence of medical opinion, there evidently still is much to be learned regarding them. They account for mental, physical and emotional differences and therefore have well been termed “creators of personality”.

The pineal gland, literally “pine or cone-shaped”, extends from the lower central part of the brain and has a little niche for itself in the bony structure of the head. Ancients thought it to be the seat of what they termed the “soul”, and until recently it was thought by some to be a vestigial organ. Diseased conditions of this gland are generally followed by premature sexual development and early physical and mental maturity.

The Pituitary Gland

Though but the size of a pea, the pituitary gland has been termed “the most important gland in the body”. Situated at the base of the brain, it was once thought to be the producer of spit and hence its name, from the Latin pituita which means spit. Now it is known that this gland produces hormones which, with one exception, do not participate directly in physiological reactions. Each of its various secretions (tropic hormones) has its target organ which it spurs to action. It acts as stimulator to the other endocrine glands.

The pituitary gland is composed of three parts, a front and rear lobe and an inter-mediate part, each part having its own peculiar structure, hormone and function, The front lobe controls growth, and if overactive in youth results in giantism, upwards of eight

feet in height, or extreme Obesity, such as a young man of 23 weighing 787 pounds. Overactivity of this outer lobe in adults causes the head, neck, hands and feet to grow to abnormal size, known as acromegaly, Underactivity in children results in their becoming dwarfs.

In the last two or three years men of medical science have discovered that a hormone of this front lobe of the pituitary gland, ACTH (Adreno-Cortico-Tropic-Hormone), gives striking relief to victims suffering from arthritis, because of its stimulating action on the cortex of the adrenal glands. Widespread use of it has been hindered by its expense, it taking the pituitary glands of 400,000 hogs at the cost of four and a half million dollars to produce one pound of this hormone.

The rear lobe of the pituitary gland through its hormone assists in regulating the body’s use of carbohydrates. Known as pituitrin, it also has the ability to contract certain of the involuntary muscles, or those over which man has no control. It “is so powerful that when diluted with IS billion parts of water it produces uterine . constrictions in small animals”.

The Thyroid and Parathyroid

Hardly less important than the pituitary gland is the thyroid, the two lobes of which are fastened to each side of our Adam’s apple, in the shape of a shield, which is what its name means. The speed of digestion, of breathing, of the heart beat, and even the speed with which we let ourselves lose our temper are all regulated by the thyroid gland and its hormone, thyroxin. It keeps the other endocrine glands from becoming overactive. This hormone also plays a vital role in the body’s production of hydrochloric acid and has a direct bearing on the efficiency of the kidneys.

An overactive thyroid gland causes worry, nervousness and increased sex drive.

Children born with inactive or undeveloped thyroids are idiotic, present a bestial appearance and are known as cretins, We are told that but 1/2000 of an ounce separates potential genius from idiocy. The thyroid gland depends upon iodine for its proper functioning, and iodine is one of the most fugitive elements found in the soil. One of the symptoms of thyroid unbalance is the goiter. A physician traveling in quest of a solution to thyroid ailments found that in Japan only one in a million suffered from goiter or cretinism. The reason for this he found to be the fact that the Japanese used pulverized kelp, a deep-sea weed, instead of salt in seasoning their foods. The mutual dependence of the ductless glands is strikingly shown in the case of the thyroid, as its secretion only becomes thyroxin upon mixture with a hormone of the pituitary gland.

The four parathyroids, as their name indicates, are located alongside the thyroid gland, two in back of each lobe. They are about the size Of a pea and help the body to utilize calcium. According to some authorities the “thyroid and parathyroids form a single apparatus which, besides carrying on calcium metabolism, takes part in the defensive processes of the body at large”, and so speak of the “thyroparathyroid” apparatus as a functional entity. Removal of all the parathyroids causes death by spasms or tetany, and the blood of such animals when injected into other animals was found to cause the same symptoms.

The Thymus and Adrenals

The thymus is located in the front upper part of the chest below the thyroid. It plays-a vital role in growth, increasing in size until puberty, after which it gradually decreases until it almost disappears. Extracts fed to rats caused them to be very merry and to mature in one-third the usual time.

There is some difference of opinion as to its secreting a true hormone, some holding that it stimulates growth by means of its large amounts of phosphorus which it sends into the blood by means of lymphocytes. In calves it is one of the glands that goes by the name of sweetbread.

Adhering to the renals or kidneys are the adrenals, one on each. They do not seem to have any physiological connection with the kidneys, however. Consisting of an outer layer known as the cortex and an inner part, the medulla, they are so vital to life that their removal causes death within 12 to 48 hours. As many as 26 different hormones have been extracted from the cortex. One of these, cortisone, synthesized, was found to produce amazing results in the treatment of arthritis and kindred ailments of the connective tissues.

The rear lobe or the medulla of the adrenals secretes adrenalin or epinephrine, which is found in the blood at the ratio of one part in 20 million; with a reserve in the gland, however, of 100,000 times this amount. It comes to the aid of the body in times of stress, speeding up heart action, increasing ability to see and hear, stopping digestion and lessening fatigue, all making for strength in time of danger. That is why when confronted with sudden danger one can perform feats that he could not otherwise perform. Recently scientists have discovered another secretion of the medulla, nor-epinephrine. By constricting the size of the blood vessels it helps adrenalin to do its work of increasing the blood pressure.

According to a foremost medical scientist, Dr. J. R. Mote, “the adrenal gland plays perhaps a major role as to whether or not a person is sick or well, regardless of the illness or the cause thereof ... In other words, the person with an adrenal gland that can adequately react to various types of stress . . . remains well, whereas the person with a *mal-functioning’ or ‘mal-stimulated adrenal gland eventually comes down with any One or more of an almost unlimited variety of diseases.”

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