Awake!, November 22, 1947

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This World-a House Divided

"Every house divided against itself shall not stand”

French and British Occupation Zones

Life in these zones fraught with many hazards

Shameless Sleepyheads

Animals that sleep away the seasons, oblivious to sunrises and alarm clocks

Cremation

THE MISSION OF THIS JOURNAL

News sources that are able to keep you awake to the vital issues of our times must be unfettered by censorship and selfish interests, “Awake!” has no fetters- It recognizes facts, faces facts, is free to publish facts. It is not bound by political ambitions or obligations; it Is unhampered by advertisers whose toes must not be trodden on; it is unprejudiced by traditional creeds. This journal keeps itself free that it may speak freely to you. But it does not abuse its freedom. It maintains integrity to truth.

“Awake !*’ uses the regular news channels, but is not dependent on them. Its own correspondents are on all continents, in scores of nations. From the four corners jof the earth their uncensored, on-the*scenes reports come to you through these columns- This journal’s viewpoint is not narrow, but is international It is read in many nations, in many languages, by persons of all ages* Through its pages many fields of knowledge pass in review—government, commerce, religion, history, geography, science, social conditions, natural wonders—why, its cover* age is as broad as the earth and as high as the heavens,

“Awake I'* pledges itself to righteous principles, to exposing hidden foes and subtle dangers, to championing freedom for all, to comforting mourners and strengthening those disheartened by the failures of a delinquent world, reflecting sure hope for the establishment of a right* eous New World.

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CONTENTS

This World—a House Divided

Vituperative Tongues on the Loose

Dangers of Disagreement

Hierarchy and Her Henchmen

Fascistic Catholic Action '

Adopting a Fascist Stepchild

Russia's Bloody Iron Fist

How Far, How High and How Fast Can Birds Fly?

Science News Items

French and British Occupation Zones

Changing Bloody Clerical Garments

Shameless Sleepyheads

The Ilibernators

Insect Sleepyheads

The Estivators

Test-Tube Farming Grows Up!

Large-Scale Chemical Gardening

Grand Opera Becomes Grand Uproar

“Thy Woijd Is Truth”

Cremation

Kingdom Witnessing Expands in India 26

Non-cooperative Hens and Sheep

Watching the World

/AWAKE!/

©'"Now it is hi$h time to awake.— Romans 13:119J

Volume XXVIII

Brooklyn, N.Y.t November 22, 1&47

Number 22

This World “a House Divided

r| 'HE ominous signs of the brewing X storm are flashing to the ends of the earth. A great pall of darkness overhangs the world of men. Desperate men grappling with the momentous issues of these awful times; men stricken with fear of the shape of things to come. Frantic men asking questions, questions, questions.

What is Russia up to now? Are dreadful conspiracies hatching behind the “iron curtain’7? To what terrible extremes will Russian expansion lead! Is the whole world in grave danger of being engulfed by an international upsurge of Communism? Does the Bolshevik, crouching behind his walls of steel, wait confidently for the expected sign that deteriorating democracies are disintegrating from within? Have the cataclysmic seeds of world revolution been so skillfully planted that all nations are in imminent danger of civil wars and international anarchy?

Here is the confounding paradox of our time: Men high in the councils of government in these United States, men that are trained to influence and guide public opinion, arte talking glibly, complacently of a third world war before the smoke and dehris have been cleared from the battlefields of the last holocaust; barely before the nations have buried the uncoffined bodies of their dead from World War IL Political leaders of international reputation are urging the democratic powers to rebuild a strong Germany as a buffer against Russia in the West; to rebuild a powerful Japan against Russia in the East, Many an influential peTsonage, throwing his weight around in international circles, in bitter chagrin is harping that it was a tragic mistake to force unconditional surrender on the criminal German Nazis, their Fascist satellites, and the Japanese war lords. They argue that a totally defeated Germany and Japan has opened the way for the Red tide of Communism to sweep over Europe and over Asia, imperiling democracy everywhere. It is tantamount to saying tbaj the German and Japanese tyrannies ought to have been left intact on their homelands, standing as a constant threat against Russian aggression. Such reasoning strongly suggests that many statesmen among the democratic nations are inclined toward the opinion that the democratic world ought to have fought with Hitler against the Communists instead of fighting' with the Communists against Hitler. What incredible reversals of opinion these perilous times do bring!

So, the pressing question hammers at us on every side: Why have the three great powers of America, Britain, Russia, so recently allied in common cause against The Fascists, their armies locked in mortal combat with a ruthless enemy over tens of thousands of miles of battlefields stretching around the earth; three great powers that paid a staggering price in materiel, money and human lives to enforce the unconditional surrender of the Nazis, the Fascists, and the Japanese, why have they come so soon to the parting of the ways ? to this bitter cleavage that splits the world in two? Is Russia wholly to blame for this menace to world peace? Or do America and Britain both share their, portion of guilt?

None t)f the international leaders in big business, politics and religion can find a satisfactory answer, though they feverishly cast about for some solution, for something to quiet mankind’s morbid fear of the future. But to the inquiring mind it is passing strange that these leaders, most of whom claim to preach, teach, crusade and rule by divine right, cannot catch the spark of divine wisdom that explores and unlocks the secrets and the mysteries of the future. The fact that they are unable to foretell or even anticipate the shape of things to come is the strongest proof that their presumptuous and scandalous pretensions to divine guidance and divine right constitute an international hoax, a monstrous deception against mankind and an unmitigated slander against Jehovah God.

Vituperative Tongues on the Loose

The glorified heads of state, so apparently wise and yet so obviously foolish, and their glamour boys—the self-styled “foreign experts” on this and that —are continually making the headlines with their interminable, fruitless conferences; continually viewing with alarm, continually pointing up some new crisis between Russia and the Western world. With grandiloquent expressions of self-righteous indignation, they hurl their reckless accusations and counter-accusations across the conference table, busy every day denouncing and denying, and behind it all is the muffled, sinister heat of the war drums. Invariably, it is a stalemate between the weakly demonstrated aspirations of the democracies and the unrevealed ambitions of international communism. Nothing is ever accompusned; nothing but words, words, words, until millions of people are not only apathetic: they are nauseated.

The propaganda machines on both sides of this hopelessly divided world are grinding as never before. Even the United Nations Security Council has fallen victim to this international malady of suspicion and conspiracy. -From its much publicized proud elevation as the supreme .power in world affairs, it has been debased to the sordid level of a propaganda forum; a sounding board for all the evil spirits of selfish nationalism and opposing ideologies. At one time belittled as only a glorified debating society, it now rapidly loses its glory and the debating is replaced by name-calling.

And this is the travesty on these times: gullible peoples anchoring their hope to a house divided against itself, a house resting precariously on the shifting sands of changing national fortunes.

The greatly accelerated tempo and fanfare of this international proselytizing often borders on hysteria. The hydra-headed media of propaganda fairly bristle with elever catch-phrases and martial slogans cunningly calculated to arouse the somnolent masses to a new frenzy of international divisions and hates. From the Western world the great hue and cry against the threat of Coiii-mnnism rises higher and higher, until all logic and sanity is lost in the din and the roar of the stampeding crowd. The Reds are coming 1 Yankee, get your gun I Red Fascism threatens the very foundation of “Christian civilization”. Beat the bushes, boys. We have a holy charge to hunt down the Communist and uproot the sprouting seeds of revolution. Every Red, every fellow traveler, is a potential spy, a potential saboteur. Russia has planted her “fifth column” in the United States, working day and night toward the overthrow of the American government. And don’t be too'careful, lads. Better it is that a million innocents should suffer than one Communist escape! Just smear the Red label on everybody that believes-in a decent living for the common man; on everybody that is naive enough to use a portion of. the Four Freedoms to protest against American or British imperialism in foreign affairs. Plaster the Red stigma on every soul that dares to raise the issue that fascism still is very much alive; on everybody that dares to say that a resurgent fascism constitutes a greater menace to world peace than even communism at its worst!

Not to be eclipsed in this battle of nerves; this international game of trumpeting hyperbole and billingsgate to the deluded masses, the Sphinx-like Kremlin, exploiting to the uttermost its regimented channels of propaganda, bursts with a sullen roar of defiance and bit-:er denunciation: ‘Decadent democracies with your vaunted systems of free enterprise for the privileged few, what do you iff er the disfranchised workers of the world! Your reactionary politicians are even now making common cause with the fascist usurper against your Russian ally. You walk hand in hand with the enemy that spilled the blood of your sons and ours on the battlefields of the world, Warmongers, this was to be the century of the common man, the crowning age of the proletariat, but the capitalist democracies have stolen his heritage and destroyed his inalienable rights!'

Can you, honest reader, wonder then that peoples in five continents are completely mesmerised into an intellectual stupor by these crusading proselytes on both sides of a divided world!

Dangers of Disagreement

Ifyou are an American attempting to exercise an unbiased, independent judgment on world affairs, you are actually jeopardizing your standing in the community. If you so much as hint that American foreign policy tries to stop Russia by courting certaip fascist powers, you are a suspected conspirator; your loyalty is open to investigation. The anti-Red crusade so permeates the channels of public communication, and the general public consequently has been driven to such hypertension over Russia, that the individual who tries to think clearly and logically and question some of this propaganda is irrevocably classified as a Red. If you have and use indisputable facts to prove that the Roman Catholic Hierarchy is notoriously .Nazi-Fascist; that the Catholic Hierarchy makes adroit use of fascist intrigue to influence America, Britain and other democracies in foreign affairs, then the public mind is already prepared to censure and condemn you as a blatant atheistic Communist hacking at one of the pillars of world peace. It does not matter that you also question the aims and condemn the totalitarian oppression and brutality of Bolshevism; they will say that you are only covering up.

President Truman obviously has succumbed to this spreading delirium of suspicion and fear. Last March he called for a “loyalty” investigation of two million federal, employees, and a special search now is being conducted among the State Department personnel, which has resulted in the outright dismissal of certain persons suspected of being Communists or Communist sympathizers. Thus the* president appears to have every symptom of a severe case of Russophobia. And the manner in which the investigation is being pursued has drawn caustic criticism from many quarters. It has been denounced as a “witch hunt”, as a dangerous move in America. It is the old Star-Chajnber method. It amounts to a political inquisition where the accused is first presumed to be guilty and is thereafter allowed no adequate defense nor impartial public hearing to vindicate himself. The judges fear to exonerate the accused, lest they too thereby become suspect. The inevitable result of such crass procedure is to make a “loyalty” test a condition of both publie and private employment; a "loyalty” test based on intolerance, preconceived opinions and stupid prejudice. Every minority suspected of being Bed or even “pink” can be harassed and hunted down by ignorant bigots, with the federal government itself establishing this ignoble precedent.

Only a few months ago the president appeared before Congress to project his saber-rattling Truman doctrine, a doctrine that aroused many misgivings both at home and abroad. That dubious foreign policy seems now to have been superseded by the highly publicized Marshall plan for the rehabilitation of western Europe before the Soviets get there with their secret p|ans for taking over. Daily now the news channels headline the report that at least 16 nations are asking for 16 billion dollars under the Marshall plan. But Russia has initiated a counter move: the Molotov plan for rehabilitating eastern Europe. Thus on and on, ad infinitum, goes the capricious game of international power politics. Big nations forming blocs, rejecting proposals, splitting the. harried lesser powers into spheres of influence. Pushing small nations here, there and everywhere, like pawns, on the European and Asiatic chessboards.

The major powers have reverted to all their bitter prewar alliances that 'exploded into World War II. Before the war, England and France could enter into the infamous Munich Agreement with Hitler to sell Czechoslovakia into bondage. In those days of appeasement it was customary for the dominating European powers to sacrifice small nations on the auction block of international expediency and diplomacy. Many a “free enterprise” statesman in many a foreign office hack there before the war secretly hoped that the full tide of Nazi aggression would annihilate Russia. The same statesmen were planning a four-power coutrol of Europe, divided among England, France, Italy, and Germany; a four-power control to assure security from Communism. Instead, they permitted a Nazi monster to grow up; a monster* more terrible and ruthless than the Russian Bear has yet proved to be. And during the crucial war years the democratic powers leaned heavily on the Russian armies in beating down the Nazi-Fascist hordes that came perilously near to putting the human race in irons.

So, the old and bitter rivalries, are stirring. The flame of old, misgivings, suspicions, prejudice and grudges are being fanned into an inferno of hate which no political scheme of man can ever extinguish.

Hierarchy and Her Henchmen

In the vanguard of the anti-Red crusaders marches the omnipresent Roman Catholic Hierarchy, stirring up their gullible subjects to a fever pitch of mob action and war hysteria. Notorious for her past deeds of hate-hreeding, mob incitement, and war-mongering, the Roman Catholic Church brings to bear every artifice, every subterfuge, every sly and cunning deception from her vast repertory of tricks to appeal to the basest prejudices and passions of ignorant men. World opinion must be mobilized against Russia.'

The Big Business crowd, the political lackeys and footboys; the pandering, pusillanimous puhlic press; the obsequi-1 ous, lickspittle editorial writers, columnists and news commentators pthat dissolute, unregenerate army of opportunists, pimping for the spiritually prostituting religionists; the fascistic, un-American American Legion that roams “like a wild ass among men”—all these flunkies, having their personal and political axes to grind, bend the knee and genuflect before that old “mother of harlots and abominations of the earth”. Her succulent propaganda teases the minds, soothes the susceptibilities and placates the hearts of her political and commercial paramours ; all of them asking to bed with her in Fascism's filthy nest But she has her price: They must join her in the present'international chorus of caterwauling against Russia.

It is therefore clear that the Catholic Hierarchy recognize in the Soviet Union their strongest competitor in this torrid race to world supremacy. They look up* on totalitarian, freedom-denying, communistic Russia as a potential invader of their green pastures, as a vandal that threatens their own ill-gotten riches taken from millions of exploited peoples upon whom they ply their monstrous religious racket. The Roman Catholic Hierarchy is determined to gain ascendency among the nations, and they will brook ftp interference in gaining that position. Russia, blocks the Hierarchy’s path. Therefore Russia’s influence in world affairs must ho reduced to a minimum, or compromised to the aims of Catholic Action. Hither that, or communism must be outlawed among the nations. For very obvious reasons, the Big Business of "free enterprise”, being well entrenched in the "capitalist” countries, shares the capitalistic Roman Catholic Hierarchy's dread of a Red revolt.

The sum and substance of the whole matter is that Communism and Catholicism are out after the same thing. Both are totalitarian. Both use the inquisitional strong-arm method to subjugate whole peoples and nations. The only difference is that Russia inherently possesses the military power to accomplish many of her aims, whereas the Hierarchy must get a "sword of the church” ,to do their dirty work.

Fascistic Catholic Action

Looking on, believing that intransigent communism threatens to swallow the earth, the democracies .are being cajoled, influenced, deceived and indoctrinated by the sly emissaries of Catholic Action who draw near to democracy with their lips, when their evil hearts are far from it Democracy's interna* tional leaders are being induced and deluded into tacitly considering fasfdsm the lesser of the two evils. The democratic nations, under Catholic pressure, are winking at a despotic Franco in Spain, snuggling up to a fascist Peron in Argentina, bolstering totalitarian, pro-fascist, terroristic regimes in China and in Greece; but worst of all, the democratic powers are openly flirting with the Roman Catholic Hierarchy, the very power that fathered the infamous Rome-Berlin Axis of Mussolini and Hitler.

The terms of unconditional surrender imposed upon the vanquished Axis powers defeated the sinister conspiracy of the Roman CatholicrNazi-Fnscist combine to overrun the earth. Failing in that monstrous bid for world domination, the Catholic Hierarchy, in true Machiavellian disregard for their previous unholy alliances with the Nazis and the Fascists, has in a rush of expediency neatly executed an about-face, and now effusively makes love to Democracy.

The Roman Catholic Church now employs her powerful instruments of propaganda inside the democracies, plants her key mon in strategic positions in both industry and government, and through the process of attrition gradually wears down American Constitutional resistance to Catholic Action. Thus democracy is weakened by this in* sidious evil boring from within.

But the war scare, the Red menace, must be kept flashing on the world horizon. With consummate skill all the media of propaganda and. communication are exploited to the uttermost constantly to keep the threat of communism droning in the minds of the common people. In America, it thunders from the pulpit; it startles you in the somber, black headlines of the day; it comes howling at you from the radio; it craftily appeals to your sensibilities by subtle suggestion from the motion picture screen. The people must be stirred to emotional heights of frenzy and fear; they must be etep-nally vigilant lest a communist sneak in and overthrow “Christian civilization”.

Thief Yells “Thief!”

Meanwhile, the Fascists can escape the public scrutiny, because mankind is clamoring about Russia and international communism. This same thing happened before to the detriment of the nations. Twenty years ago, the politicians in America and Britain and France were spreading the alarm about communism; they alerted the nations to the Red danger; they set themselves in alliance against it. In the meantime, moving all around them, in their very midst, passing unnoticed, the surreptitious Fascists and Nazis were building toward international power.

The same thing is happening again. The Western world is alerted to the dangers of communism, but they seem to have lost sight of the adroit Fascists. The clever proponents of fascism yell “Thief I” Then everybody chases the Communist, and undisturbed fascism takes the loot. It is therefore increasingly obvious that when democracy's foreign policy spokesmen vociferously advertise the Bolshevik threat, and at the same time minimize the danger of resurgent fascism; when in fact they attempt to halt the advance of communism through strange alliances with a fascist fringe, they are preparing inevitable international repercussions that will jar the earth; they are setting the stage for the greatest time of trouble the world has ever known.

The former United States ambassador to Russia, Joseph E. Davies, in 1937, when Hitler was riding high, addressed a confidential summary to the then secretary of state, Cordell Hull, stating quite succintly: “It suits Germany’s book to hold the Soviet Union up as the menace to civilization.”—Mission to Moscow, page 216.

Hitler rose to power on an anti-Red crusade, which eventually engulfed not merely the communists but all the peoples of Europe. The Nazi horror camps reeked with the dead bodies of people opposed to Catholic Action Fascism, Roman Catholic Franco butchered the people of Spain on the specious pretext that the communists were threatening the security of that benighted country. Mussolini and his Roman Catholic cohorts railed against the Reds, but they shut up in prison not only the communists; they also hunted down, imprisoned, tortured, and put to death thousands of anti-fascists who also werq anti-communists.

Adopting a Fascist Stepchild

Now, in 1947, the democracies, with the United States taking the lead, propose to rebuild the German industrial machine. And many statesmen view that significant step with loud outcries of alarm. Among such protesting leaders is Sumner Welles, former undersecretary of state, who says quite bluntly: “Our Government now announces that it will scrap the industrial level for western Germany fixed at Potsdam and re-establish the level of 1936. We should not forget that it was that level which produced ‘guns rather than butter’,” and enabled Germany only three years later to launch the greatest military offensive the world has ever known.—St. Louis Post-Dispatch, September 21,1947.

In short, there is the distinct possibility that the democracies will become so preoccupied with the dangers of communism that they will unwittingly adopt Fascism as their stepchild, And when they politically marry the Roman Catholic Church organization, that whoring mother of Nazi-Fascist delinquents, and get the ugly stepchild for bad measure, they will forever forfeit whatever altruistic plans they have toward giving the right of “free determination” to the shackled peoples of the world.

When the peoples of Europe and Asia look to the depraved, double-crossing political elements on both sides of the earth, political elements that stumble like blind men, clutching for "the last straw”, they are indeed blind followers of the blind, envisioning a mirage, chasing a chimera.

But the deluded masses in many nations know that royalty is dying. All the venom packed in centuries of hate-breeding oppression at the hands of kings, dukes and czars stirs up the proletariat against the decrepit remnant of modern royalty, against predatory plutocracy, against the master-slave complex that still dominates the minds of international leaders. The democracies, flirting with fascism and a despicable, decadent royalty, have thrown millions of Europeans and Asiatics into the arms of Soviet Russia. These oppressed peoples believe they have no other alternative. They have tasted Fascism’s'bitter fruits; they therefore choose for better or for worse the specious promises of the communists—a choice which they consider the lesser of two malignant evils.

Russin*^ Bloody Iron Fist

But Russia’s skirts are not clean. Upon her guilty head rests a multitude of sins, of brutal oppression against entire nations. That she has entered upon an ambitious program of global expansion there can be no, question. The iron fist- of the Soviet Union has smashed political opposition in a half-dozen communist-dominated countries. The giant shadbw of the Kremlin spreads ominously over Poland, Czechoslovakia, Rumania, Bulgaria, Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia,, Albania, and threatens to blanket all of western Europe. Thus millions of many nationalities have been thrown violently into the Russian orbit. Conceding nothing to the fascists, Russia may be entertaining the hope of pushing her frontiers to the ends of the earth.

So, the danger signals are out. Fascism is rising again. Catholic-Action

Fascism that plays the great powers against each other. Catholic-Action Fascism that hopes to bring the United States and Russia face to face with daggers drawn. Today, Roman Catholicism sings in dulcet tones her panegyrics to Democracy; tomorrow, she will flirt with Russia if it works to her advantage. It has been suggested that Stalin’s death may precipitate a struggle for power within the Soviet Union, that Russia may emerge from the throes of internal political unrest haltered and bridled by Jesuit Catholic Action. But regardless of what happens, one thing is certain:

Fall of the Divided Bouse

Unchanging Bible prophecy, markedly at Revelation, chapter 17, foretells with earth-shaking significance that the kingdoms of this world—Russia,-America, Great Britain, France, China, and all the rest—will inevitably surrender their respective'national sovereignty to the United Nations organization, the sevenheaded peace beast that "was" the League of Nations, until it suffered a mortal wound at the beginning of World War n and "was not”, but "yet is" now that the old League of Nations has been resurrected even to greater power and authority. And the infallible finger of prophecy points to worldly organized religion as that "Mother of Harlots” destined to ride this composite "scarlet-colored beast, full of names of blasphemy”, and to hold in her hands the reins of political power to guide all the heads of this United Nations creature. Since the Roman Catholic Church' is the evil spawning ground of Fascism everywhere, the indication seems to be that both democracy and communism will he bridled by religious action; that totalitarianism will blanket the earth beyond the wildest dreams of Hitler, driving the human race back to the subhuman rule of the Dark Ages, until the fateful hotfr of Divine reckoning strikes in the great universal war of Armageddon.

But there is blessed nope m me great dawning light of the New World that now spreads with healing in its wings to all persons that seek meekness and righteousness before the great and terrible day of Almighty God's retributive justice falls upon a wicked world. For you who are cast .adrift upon humanity's churning sea of hopelessness, look to the kingdom of God that will hring heaven’s hlessings of everlasting happiness and life to this earth. Under that kingdom rule of the great Theocrat JehovaJi and His beloved Son, Christ Jesus, the only king who rules by divine right, no political oppressor will harass you. There will be neither fascism nor communism, neither democracy nor any other form of human government. But the Government or me .vew World rests upon the shoulders of Christ Jesus, "The mighty God, The everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace," and "of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end".

All the mighty, political powers which today parade their strength in the earth and divide mankind will be ground into powder. They will lie ifi the dust with their cankering treasures of silver and gold, with their weapons of war, and all questions as to who will dominate the earth will be forever settled to the everlasting comfort and security of obedient humankind. As Christ Jesus foretold,?at Matthew 12: 25, the divided house of this present world cannot stand.—Contributed.

How Far, Haw High and How Fast Can Birds Fly?

How far? Bobolinks and golden plovers cover 12,000 to 14,000 miles on their an-nua] round trips from northern to southern hemisphere and hack again. The ^*<5 A re tie terns every year fly between 20,000 and 25,000 miles as they shuttle back and forth between the Arctic and the Antarctic.

How high? Out of several hundred reports on the height of birds observed during World War I only thirty-six were above 5,000 feet and seven of these were above 8,500 feet. Only when it is necessary for hirds to cross high mountain ranges do they show themselves as high fliers. Rising on such occasions cranes have been seen at 15,000 feet, and once in the Himalayas storks and cranes were seen at 20,000 feet- Cranes, pelicans, vultures aud storks have great wing spans in comparison with their body weight, which enables them to fly in the thin air. Small birds, however, must move their wings very rapidly even when close to the ground. Northern phalaropes, sandpipers and sanderlings have been seen over the Pacific just skimming the top of the water in order to get the greatest lift with the least expenditure of energy* The lack of oxygen, so necessary for flight, in the rarefied atmosphere is also a reason why birds avoid high altitudes.

How fast? A “mile a minute77 speed for birds is not impossible, but such instances are exceptional. From the reEable flight data that has been obtained in recent years it has been learned that the flycatchers fly only 10 to 17 miles an hour; ravens, shrikes, hawks, herons and horned larks fly 22 to 28 miles an hour; mourning doves, 35 miles an hour; and ducks and geese, between 40 and 50 miles an hour. These are the normal flying speeds, but all birds can fly much faster for pursuit or escape. Hence ducks being pursued by airplanes can fly 00 miles per hour. The fastest hirds are the swifts, duck hawks and peregrine falcons. Swifts have been reported to have circled airplanes traveling 68 miles per hour, which means they were flying probably 100 miles an hour. Frederick C. Lincoln, of the U. S. Biological Survey, wrote: “Once a hunting duck hawk, ‘stooping7 at its quarry, and timed with a stop watch, was calculated to have attained a speed between 165 and ISO miles an hour.77 Ordinarily the duck hawk cruises around 60 miles per hour*

Science News items

The Jwetttjr of AU .Sweets

< The “blue ribtor." for sweetness wm held for many years by saccharin, the pure form of which is 500 times as sweet as cane sugar. When dulcin was synthesized it won only second pnre, with a sweetness of 70 to 250 tunes that of sugar. Then psryllartine was discovered, and it Tan off with Ulo Loureia with, a bate sweet* new four timee as great aa saccharin. But during the recent war this perfiune-likc substance had tn retire to the back row when a new chemical substance called 1 n-propoxy-2-«nino-4-nitrobcnKEe made its debut in ths Netherlands. Far dotinrigtot sweetness this prims donna ex-eels anything yet discovered, for it u rated M 4,000 times as sweet as can* sugar.

o/liT-condieoTied Beeri iocs

CL Taxing a tip front wLat science has learned about air-conditic ning, a California apiarist placed 42 hives io a chamber and maintained the temperature between 80 and 85 degrees Fahrenheit with a relative humidity between 60. and 65 percent. He found that the aweoi little creatures even became sweeter in disposition and efficiency. They produced more honey, they did not raid other hives to steal honey, they developed better queen bees, **d they were so amiable and amicable it wu unnecessary to wear netting and gloves when working with them.

^Million Words a rftfirute

<L A new system known u “Ultrafax”, developed by Radio Corporation of America, is capable of transmitting 1,006,000 words per minute. in di vid tai pages of books and newspapers are treated as tingle pictures and are transmitted in rapid succession by tetevisioD. At the rceriving' end they are reprodneed by high speed photography. Id this way the- contents ' of twenty 50,000-word books could be flashed across tht^coniineot in a mere 60 seconds of time.

‘Sree-duvOing Masquiwcs

< The South American cacao tree, from which conies oar chocolate, h&a at the baas of it* leaves cup-shaped cavities that hold rain water. Hera on these miniature ponds ths dreaded Ako pi etc* bellator, a malaria-carrying mo*r quite, breeds and then raises iia children In these swinging aerial uunteriea. Since the modem mosquito weapon of soence, DDT, also damages the trees, it has been found that an old-time spray solution of dilate copper sulphate is about the beat means of control.

5\cw Ideal About Cani’alescenc*

<L Long rest in bed following surgical operations is really “de-condi honing” and harmful to recovery, say members of the American College of SurgvoDS. Patiente that lie in bed for several weeks have an 11-percent decrease in the rice of their hearts, marked disability at work, susceptibility to fainting, a fall in ba*l i mctaboliun, an increase in the pulse when working, double excretion of riboflavin and tbiaimad, and other complications. One group of 900 pa* dents abowftd that those walking about on tka first or second day after operations had only half the amount of gu pains and tbdr convalescence tune was reduced by 50 pereonti

^Baiting Soda fpr Athletes

< Research work conducted %t University ot Califonus -has shown that during physical exorcise when large amounts of oxygen are consumed a surplus amount of carbon dioxide i* built np in the body ks a waste product. Th* rate at which the body through its circulatory system cau throw off this waste is a good iti-di ration of ite physical efficiency. A twenty-year-old man does this three tunes fts fast as • man sixty years -old. It was also found that small amounts of sodium bi carbo Date (baking soda) increases the rate at which ths carbon dioxide is eliminated. As yet the exact amount of soda that can be taken without producing adverse conditions bus not been determined.

WHAT a change! Just a few years ago the world held its breath when it was announced that “Iler Fuhrer’’ was to make another speech. The sound of marching troops rang through the streets of the century-old towns of the industrious German people. Then came the war! Germany’s heart beat louder and stronger. Her youth were marching from victory to victory to a "better future”. The German people celebrated each milestone of success with inexpressible jubilation, for each triumph acted as a narcotic even upon those who were not in “the party”. ‘Just a few months and things will he better for us all. We shall have everything we need and more too/ they thought. The armament industrialists, the militarists, the politicians, the landed gentry, the smaller nobility, the officials, the middle classes, the workers, and the churches and sects —one aud all alike cried "Heil Hitler”. Then, almost overnight, disaster camq and catastrophe struck Germany like’a thunderbolt.

As if awaking from a strong anesthetic the German people see all about them boundless misery hollowly gazing up from the ruins of their destroyed cities. They stand before the ruins of their demolished houses, bridges and railways and they see the spiritual wreck of a dissatisfied and suffering people. They try to fathom the cause of this situation, to account for the fact that 60,000,000 people who in times pa^t have produced men of great spiritual capacity, a nation within whose walls the cradle of the Reformation was rocked, should be despised today to such an extent that the whole world points an accusing finger at them.

Cold and hunger are the two greatest causes of suffering in Germany. During the cold weather, in addition to fighting for a little food, the people must hunt for fuel like scavengers. According to reports in the British zone 3 hundredweight of brickettes, 10 hundredweight

BRITISHandFRENCH OCCUPATION ZONES

of wood and 2 hundredweight of coal waste was released per family during last winter but this amount was far short of their needs. In the big cities the gas supply was insufficient and electricity was curtailed, and so the people flocked to the yards where the coal was being loaded, there to steal what they could. Up to the middle of last February 20,000 tons of coal had been stolen in Hanover and twice as much in Hamburg.

More distressing by far is the problem of food, for hunger stalks through the land year round. Nobody can live long or pacify his hunger on the frugal, wholly insufficient food rations. True, the fusion of the British and American zones brought a change in the combination of foods; but it did not give a higher number of calories. Hence everybody utilizes his spare time in the evenings and week-ends going to the country in search of food. They walk from farmhouse to farmhouse in hope of being able to buy an egg, a half-liter of milk, some corn or bread. They are often ready to pay many times what the food is worth; but farmers are not inclined to sell, at least not for money. Sometimes they will exchange some badly.needed material for eggs, a pair of shoes for bread, or clothing for potatoes. Last winter when it was announced by press and radio that North America and Argentina had had record harvests it was as a ray of hope penetrating this dark land. However, Hie situation in the meat and fat markets was, and still is, very pessimistic. A proverb here is: “Hitler gave us vita-mines, the British give us calories, and now we are waiting for the man who will give us something to eat!”

The difficulties of food and shelter are

very great in the western■■■ zones due to hopelessness of boarditig a 1 rui n through -.■ the: presence-of vast numbers from the ' doors espied,. a broken wm- ,

East. The misery of the rteWes is an- <W, and thrown^ her baggage in, she ' attempted to climb in. herself. A man standing/near by sprang to her assist-

y East. The misery of the refugees is ap-:y;phlJing.>:ThoUsands of children are,with- ■

out parents, and many parents are seek- ~ ,, , , ■ .

ing their children and other relatives, but when she was m, all except her :

Not on'y food is skort, but tiiere is a lack :\< of/practically ^everything else. There is not a toolbbrusl: or l)ooilace to be bought, not a comb, not a knife or fork to be ob-y tained. to say nothing:of clothing-, except for a price that few can pay.

Trafficking in Misery /

The only ones that a re more or less content with conditions and do not wish for a return to normal are the black-markfef dcrJers. Never was there snob a tremen-

yy doffs,/ open and all-embracing black market as in Germany today. If ;d f.rst

'■ itwas -only a private exchange of neces ■ si ties,it has now become a well-organized y braneh of commerce. There, against high prices, you can get any thing yo u / wish. Fo r insi ance. .1 ki 1 o dour /costs ' 18 BM; .

1 hundredweight of coal, 1.00 UM; ladies’ / stoddngs, 150 ItAf; -.1 kilo butter, 210 BAI;

:■/ or if you want a..coffin instead, that will;/ /■// co st you 100 cigar e ites, each wort h 5 y / BM.. Cigarettes are, in fact, the best means of payment, for with these yon y. can get everything, including permits eehffd:licensestetey/yte;::ey/:yy: ../..gy -h/.y /-f fyy

. Tim economic -collapse, with its inflation and illegal bhuk market pram ices, yis fast leading 1 he one time ■ highly cul-■ in red G erman people down (’m road to-ward /becoming; a beggar, swindler and ■ gangster nation. Aloreover, the fact that the ’best, and most industrious’ people ; a re th e worst off makes ti iem ve r\ bitter about .these unrighteous conditions. Bob-1-1 . beries are increasing to a nios 1 horrify-ing degree; people being attacked both.' in the isolated ruins and along the conn-try highways; evmn whole trains /feeing held up by organized gangs. Criminality /■' has reached an all-time high, with moral-ity sinking to an appalling depth.

Not so long ago a woman seeing the ''

feet, he quickly relieved her of her shoes . ■ and disappeared. An acquaintance of . mine told me that a little while ago he ;' was.■ standing on the curbstone when along came a cyclist and just lifted his■ .

- hat and made off. There is a sign in the Hamburg railway station saying that a', hundred coaches are standing idle be- ■ cause (he electric light bulbs have been ■. stolen out ofthem. These are only typ- 'x icaI cases and you can see such things happening every day. They are the gall- ■ ing fruits that are now harvested in /'

Germany. . y "

The whole transportation system is in -a very bad condition. For lack of gasp-line in the French, zone many trucks and : lorries are at a standstill. The omnibus' and tramway service as well as the rail-. ways are in a critical / condition that'; ;. seems to be on the ve rgc of co 11 a pse at any moment. Many trains arrive hours behind schedule, and the overcrowded conditions on them is a chapter in itself, . one that is hard to describe in words.

In those zones practically all Indus- ■-trial activity is in (he same condition of ./■ stagnation ■ as the other ■ walks/ of life. Manufacturing industries that were not. entirely destroyed by bombing ■ were damaged, and because of the Jack -of . building materials and workmen their recovery is slow. Some of the big fae- r lories'have been dismantled and their valuable, tool machinery removed, to- y.

gether with raw materials, as reparations. This in turn has further embittered the inhabitants, who fail to consider that the Nazis plundered other lands they occupied and used the same to continue their war of conquest.

Each morning as one' goes through the deserted ruins and- dirty streets one is seized anew with the whole inconsolable state of this land. Thousands of faces have an expression of blank- nothingness ; some have the stare of starvation; others are sick unto death. They are a people without hope and without courage. Suicides are a common thing, with one town in the British zone reporting 200 for the month of January of this year. Discontent is expressed by many who fail to see and understand the relation of politics and economy. They complain about the German administration and the military government. For example, a man wants to make a journey 50 kilometers in order to settle some business, or he wants to he present at the burial of his sister. The local administration tells him he must have a permit from the military government, which usually requires two or three weeks, but at present the issuing of such permits has been interrupted. Such superfluous “bureaucracy" naturally irritates him a great deal.

The same dismal hopelessness prevails in regard to solving the housing problem. The British announce that a “five-year building plan” is drawn up for the renovation of a million damaged apartments and the building of forty thousand new apartments. But what is this in the face of so many millions of people without proper shelter? Keeping assiduously to such a plan as this means that the restoration will take 40 years to complete. Whereas the occupation powers seem to be a hindrance to a building up of the economic life, and criticism is warranted in this regard, yet they are a great help against every type of reaction and stand as a guarantee for the freedoms of speech, press, worship and conscience as laid down, in the Potsdam agreement.

Denazifying the Turnips

The law which was originally destined to “cleanse Germany of militarists and national socialists” is called “denazification”, It is, however, an open secret that the number, of denazification scandals greatly exceeds the number of real denazification cases. The whole procedure seems only to be a test of intelligence, and not a very difficult one for those who, in every situation of life, know how to swim like oil on water. Only the little “duffers” really remain hanging in the net spun for them, those who have the hahit of stumbling over every problem of life anyway. It is a familiar saying: “The small ones they hang and the big ones they let go.” Even over the radio they joke about it. For instance, a man who is thinning his turnips is asked what he is doing. “I am denazifying the turnips,” he answers. “How so?” “Oh, I pull out the little ones and leave the big ones standing,”

In many instances the military government has adopted reconciliation measures in handling denazification proceeding with the object in mind of preventing future disaster rather than revenging or punishing wrongs of the past. As a result many former Nazis are retained in German public offices. Democracy-loving Germans have resented this tolerance by the military government of former Nazi party members in public positions to such a degree that there have been cases in the French zone where Germans have used the greeting “Heil Hitler” when entering German public offices. Upon questioning by the astonished officials as to why this forbidden greeting is given, one person retorted: “As long as I still see the same faces here as during Hitler's time this greeting is surely appropriate; for nothing has changed, has it?”

As for political parties, the sincere man stands on one sice not wanting to hear any more about politics; the former honest Nazi aso stands on one side waiting. But besides those two classes there ifi a host of opportunist politicians who always hang their flag out the way the wind is blowing.

Tn the British zone the two strongest parties are the Socialist party of Germany (SPD), which has the same program as before. 1933. and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), a new product drawn from the former Caiholfc Central party, the Democratic party and the Christian Socialist party’. The Communist party (KPD) takes third place. In the French zone the CDU dominates, esneciallv in the smaller communities, where they have taken over all public life in the mutters of administration, economics and questions of education. In the hitter matter they set up fixed forms for t Jie confessional schools overnight without allowing the public to decide what they desired their children taught. Many Nazi-minded men have found shelter in the CDU.

Changing Bloody Clerical Garments

Exhaustive possibilities of propaganda and, expansion have been created in this postwar period by the English military government for the two largest churches. The French also have given their support to the ehnrenes, especially to the Catholic church. Not only do they hgve their own newspapers, but they utilize lite radio for their propaganda. A new movement, called “Una San eta”, has as its purpose the unifying of Catholics and Protestants.

There is no better example of quick, behind-ihe-curUiiu changing of costumes than among the church leaders of Germany, Regretting their former support of Nazism as a mistake the clergy blasphemously charge God with the responsibility for the misfortunes and sufferings, saying that He sent these .things to

mush the people, and then in the next reath the clergy say they have a new spiritual attitude. As an exarnp.e of thifl change of cloak the archbishop Groeber, a former SS-man, in 1933, following the conclusion of the concordat between the Vatican and the Nazi regime, made the following statement: “I believe 1 am revealing no secret when I say that I unreservedly support the new Government and the new Reich. We know what the new Reich is aspiring to.” Then following the collapse the same bishop said: “One can maintain with confidence without injury to the truth that the German people were never so hoodwinked as in the last thirteen years.’1 This statement is characteristic of many bishops and clergy. Catholic and Protestant alike. Jt is little wonder that they attract unfavorable attention with people requesting their resignation quite openly in the newspapers. Honest men and women are again turning away from the churches because they doubt the sincerity of these clergymen and preachers.

From this brief survey of conditions in the French and British zones it ia manifest that the peoplq generally have very little confidence or hope in either the political, religious or other promisee Since the war ceased the general diz-tress, the'economic and social insecurity, the [Kjstponement of a peace treaty which is expected to bring some measureof relief, have led idle multitudes to think and live only for today and tomorrow Eagerly they grasp at every distraction and pleasure. If they had the opportunity to flee from these torturing troubles by emigrating to other lands undoubtedly many thousands would do so, for they do not realize that distress and perplexity is upon all nations. These world conditions, and the inability of the mighty ones of the earth to find a remedy, emphasize again the need for the establishment of Jehovah God’s righteous and perfect Theocratic Government —Awaxe! correspondent in Germany.

SHAMELESS SLEEPYHEADS^

iiiaiiMitmiHiiii iiiiuti iiniiniiiiiimi!ii mi iiLuniiriiu 111 NiuiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiH AniiwiJB that sleep through the seasons fall In two classes: Hlbernatois that nap through win

ter; estlvators that slumber away summer. nuMi^ut iniitiiiiiiii]iuiuiiiiiitiiiiiiuiiiUHniiniiiiiiiiuiiiiiiuiiiiiiii[iiiiiniiitiiiiiiiiiiu

JEHOVAH God made the animals.

(Genesfs 1:24; 2:19) That He endowed them with power, and fashioned them with unfathomable skill, is. proved by the matchless description given to Job by God himself. The lilting lines of that majestic poetry ring today with resonance undimmed by the centuries passed since they brought rejoicing to. God’s afflicted witness. Like music from the skies resound the queries to enthralled Job:

Canst thou mark when the hinds do calve? Canst thou number the months that they fulfil? . Who hath sent out the wild ass free ? Or who hath loosed the bonds of the swift ass, whose home I have made the wilderness, and the salt land his dwellingplace? He scorneth the tumult of the city, neither heareth he the shoutings of the driver. The range of the mountains is his pasture. . . . Hast thou given the horse his might? Hast thou clothed his neck with the quivering mane ? Is it by thy wisdom that the hawk soareth, sand stretcheth her wings toward the south? Is it at thy command that the eagle mounteth up, and maketh her nest on high?—Job 39:1,2, 5-8,19,26,27, Am. Stan. Ver.

Not only did Jehovah invent the swift wing and fleet hoof to protect His wild creatures, but to others He gave the life-preserving instincts to hibernate and estivate.

Many are the changes, adaptations and preparations made to meet the seasonal changes, whether winter cold, with its attendant food shortage, or summer heat, accompanied by drought and consequent drying up of the waters that

make their home. Endowed by instincts that men may merely observe in wonder bnt not explain, each makes its change of environment or organic transformation ordained by Jehovah for their survival. The hibernators (the term “hibernate” being derived from the Latin verb hi-bernare, meaning “to pass the winter”) do not move from their environment or habitat, hut hole up, and undergo amazing systemic changes that enable them to continue in a comatose condition much deeper than human sleep for many months without food or water.

The torpid or lethargic state' into which the winter sleepers fall is paralleled by an equivalent dormancy of the summer sleepers called “estivation” (this term being derived from the Latin verb “aestivare”, “to summer”). In warm climes some creatures survive heat and drought in a condition called estivation which physiologically appears identical with hibernation. In fact, the alligator of South Carolina, for example, will hibernate in winter, but in the tropics, where there is no cold season, the alligator will estivate.

Man is privileged to observe, but cannot explain the curious deathlike state that some of these creatures approach: insects incased in ice crystals for long frozen months coming forth in the spring without harm; the African lungfish bedding itself a foot and a half in mud while its, river home completely dries up above, waiting for the next spring freshet, or even on occasions for rains three years later to unlock its mud-encrusted lair, from which it emerges thinner, but as lively as ever; or the champion sleeper among the mammals, the marmot or common groundhog, whose life processes are so completely suspended that an immersion in water that would kill it in three minutes during its active state can be prolonged for at least twenty-two minutes without doing it harm when hibernating.

The Hibernal or8

It must not be surmised, however, that hibernation is uniform among animals. The entire list is not large. When hibernation is mentioned the bear usually flashes to most minds. However, the lat-est.classifications do not place the bears among,the true hihernators, because they alternate sleep and foraging, and their body temperature does not fall so drastically as in the case of animals in dormancy whose body heat drops from 100 degrees Fahrenheit to 40 degrees. Hibernating animals breathe slowly and unevenly and their temperatures approach that of their environmeuts and fluctuate with it. On the other hand, many male hears do not hibernate at all; while in the southern states neither sex of the black bear retires for winter.

The female polar bear, already pregnant, leaves her mate to range and forage while she retires to her den under the snow, a cave or large burrow. There she will remain for several months without food or water, sustaining not only herself but normal litter of two cubs, entirely on a four-inch layer of body fat stored up when actively on the prowl. Woe betide the man or beast that crosses her when she emerges gaunt and hungry with whelps already two months old! (Proverbs 17:12) Males among the mammoth Kadiak, or Alaskan brown bear, stay abroad all winter to feed on carrion and salmon stranded by the exhausting swim up the mighty Yukon, and do not hibernate at all. By continuous feasting, these largest of the hear tribe attain a height of twelve feet, and a weight of a ton. According to one explorer, their tracks are as large as those made by a snowshoe! South of the Alaskan peninsula and the cold Arctic tundra of Canada, where the Kadiak and the polar reside, the grizzly bear, of Rocky Mountain fame, takes the deep winter sleep.

Among the mammals, and besides the hear, there are six other phenomenal sleepers: the raccoon, the chipmunk, the American marmot (woodchuck, or more commonly called the groundhog), the skunk, the dormouse (and its relative the jumping mouse Of the Zapus species) and the bat. Similar species are the hedgehog, the gopher, and the sat-squir-rel, which, because of its habits, bears the name “seveu sleepers” in Germany. Raccoons and badgers are intermittent sleepers, while the chipmunk or ground squirrel takes food into his burrow for winter snacks, and makes occasional forays to replenish his larder. (The chipmunk is also sometimes called a gopher, and should not he confused with the burrowing rat so destructive to orchards in the west and which has been called by the same name.) A naturalist once uncovered one of this species, called a Richardson ground squirrel, while excavating for

construction. The little fellow was curled up in a spherical, grass-lined hole, un-der sixty-nine inches.of soil hard enough to make picking necessary. Placed in the warm sun shine, he remained for an hour without moving. As he finally stirred and stretched his limbs with a tremor, even his natural enemy the "weasel, which chanced by, gave him no apparent sign of concern. When returned to the pit where his burrow had been exposed, he wabbled into the old nest, and when last seen had dug six inches deeper fora new retreat

Bats hibernate in large flocks, thousands sometimes being found in old barns or caves, notably in Carlsbad Caverns, in New Mexico. In characteristic slumber position, they hang with head down, talons tightly clutching a limb or projection. Their animation is so much suspended, almost deathlike, that one placed for an hour in a bucket of water failed to conic to, although not in the least injured. This peculiar trance is also a trait of the hibernating dormouse. When removed from its warmly lined nest it is noticed that its breathing is almost imperceptible, with body cold and rigid. Instances are recorded in which its body was rolled like a ball across the flpor without awaking.

But of all mammals the hedgehog and the woodchuck hold the record both for duration and for intensity of sleep. The' woodchuck, so common in the fields and along the creek banks of eastern states, has been used in extensive experiments to learn the nature of hibernation. Regularly, about the end of September, the mechanism or internal schedule of the groundhog calls for going into winter sleep. That the animal's systemic change (or basal metabolism) induces construction or location of a well-drained burrow, and moves the now fattened and waddling marmot to lie down to sleep, is shown by captivity experiments. Even when provided with warmth and plenty of food the marmot nevertheless falls into his seasonal torpor!

The marmot further demonstrates certain fundamental requirements of the hibernating animal: retention of moisture, effected by sealing up of bladder and cessation of alimentation; lowering of basal metabolism (qr rate of consumption of body fats) which'is attained by drastic reduction in heart and breath rate, accompanied by a drop in body temperature from over 100 degrees to about 40. With the flow of blood reduced to approximately one seventy-fifth of normal, there is a corresponding reduction in hreathing. So imperceptible does the breathing hecome that the animal may take in in 200 days only as much oxygen as would be required in a single active day. The accumulation of carbon dioxide does no harm, apparently, because circulation of the hlood approaches a standstill. This partly explains why it could endure a twenty-two-minute immersion in water; and survived for four hours in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide. While these facts have been demonstrated with the groundhog, it cannot be demonstrated that the popularly accepted theory of Mr. Groundhog's seeing his shadow and returning for six more weeks of winter has any foundation other than myth.

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