Awake!, May 22, 1947

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“And There Shall Be Famines”

Foretold *a a Kingdom «ign to thU generation

United States of Indonesia

Progresi toward independence fur the Batt Indie*

When Will They Outlaw Vivisection?

Inhuman torture o£ animal* up foe Cong***™™! acttoa.

Religious Clouds Darken the Emerald Isle

THB MISSION OF THIS JOURNAL

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CONTENTS

“And There Shall Be Famines”

Famine in Russia

Continued Famines

The Present Famine

Causes and Prevention

The United States of Indonesia

Peoples and History of the Indies

Natural Resources

The Cheribon Agreement

When Will They Outlaw Vivisection J

Ritualistic Murders in Nigeria

Glamour Flower

Aristocrats by Name

Orchids as a Science

Freeze It Dry

Religious Clouds Darken the Emerald Isle 20

Southern. Ireland

Northern Ireland

Protestants in Religious Bondage A No 23

Life in Advertising

“Thy Word Ie Truth”

The Anointing with Invisible Force

The Red Lands of Luxembourg

Watching the World

AWAKE!/

w it is high time to awake-—Ramans 13:119)

V«hMu xxviri

•rmfy* N.Y, M«v W fttf

NumMr

”And There Shall Be Famines”

DEATH by starvation i« horribl*. At hunger ever deeper into the rictim's vilata hla eyes stare out of eunk-Mj sockets tn nee his own body waste «wny and die. Multiply noth a death anti] mill in ns upon roil lions of corpses hayo hoon piled up, and some tdaa is ot> tain nd of what the world has i offered from food shortages daring tho lost thirty years. The "black horse" of famine baa ran roughshod over the people and nations, and np to this year 1947 ail efforts to noin it in to a halt have failed.

Bible readers, however, are not surprised, for toward the close of the Bret eentcry A.D. it woe prophesied in The BevelatioTi, the last book of the Bible, that this ‘‘black howe1* repwhent-ipg famine would be looend in tJn-sLe last. days for ita Srim slfllk through ie earth, Christ

J esnE also foretold that f ruOl and after His s<«OQd co ruing Bid the establishment of His king-dean, id ISH4, "nation shall rise againat nation, and If log do ed against kingdom: twi the re ahdl be famines, and pestilences, M4V CT. iU7

and earthquakes, in divers places.’* —Revelation 6; 5, C: Matthew 24:3,7.

Down through the wilories since Christ spoke this purtentonF prophecy there have heen dire sliortuge* at food io various parts of the oartJi. In Europe, India and Chinn millions have died from hanger, but these famines were eimilar to the famines that occur rod before Chriat, such as the famine in Joseph's day, and the famine in Rome in 436 B.C., when starving people by Ilie thousands drowned themselves in the Tiber. Thaw, however,' did not fulfill the prophecy, There is no question that 1914 marked the lime when all nations and kingdoms began to rise op against one another; but did “fam-fnc" follow as fo retold I

During World War I food shortage* made rationing rieeftMary. l was followed by the great&t famine in the history of the world. In northern China alone, 1MXX) died every day tecatm of fttarvation, as reported by Worlrf's Work {March, 1921, page433). One eye-wilness, Nathaniel

Peffer, writing in the March, 1921, iff sue of Asia, said r have just returned from a journey over the plains of northern China, where land that should be standing man-high in grain is now -a parched desert. Millions of peasants are grazing, like cattle, in the empty wastes for the sparse weed that has survived a year of drought, and probably one human being in three is marked for death.” He told , how the people there had sold their farm animals and implements, their furniture and clothes, and in some instances even their children. Thirty million Chinese, he said, were waiting away from hunger, with five to ten million of them drifting to a certain and horrible death due to the famine.

India at the time was in the same throes of famine. A British organization, the India Famine Fund Committee, “estimates that thirty-two million people are on the verge of starvation.” (The Nation, June 7,1919, page 902) ‘Tlague and. famine are rampant in India. Death stalks through the land, taking its toll. The existing conditions are unparalleled elsewhere in the history of the world” said the report. To this terrible famine in India, which in itself was greater than any famine of past history, add the famine in China, and then in addition to these the great Russian famine that was raging in Europe at the same time. All will then admit that the famine conditions following World War I find no parallel in human history.

Famine tn Russia

consider for a moment the Russian famine:

All rhetoric pales before the grim realities of the famine that is ravaging Ruraia. Competent American observers now admit that the situation, far from being exaggerated, is even more terrible than was at first reported. , . Horrible descriptions of people dying like flies from the eating of offal, grass, wood bfcrk, melon rinds, day and other substitutes for food would seem incredible were they not officially confirmed by the Soviet government reports. Cholera is ragihg there are-no hospital facilities, no medicines, no food relief in sight for weeks, perhaps even months, to come. . . . According to reliable British advices, no fewer than 35,000,000 people are stalked by the grim spectre*of famine and pestilence.—Current History Magazine (published by New York Times}, October, 1921, page 134.

Ih describing how the starving Russians made an indigestible “bread" out of linden leavesiand grass in an effort to numb the pangs of hunger, the Living Age (October 8, 1921, page 75) said, “It does not taste very badly; but after a man eats it for a while he swells up and gets worms in his stomach, and soon after that he dies.”

A year later the Russian famine was even worse, as reported by Dr. Fridtjof Nansen in the Dagbladet, the Manchester Guardian and The Nation. Wrote Dr. Nansen:

Conditions in Russia are getting worse every day. . . . Cannibalism is spreading to a terrific degree. What have you to say, for instance, about this short report from one of our men: *T came to a hut where a widow Ws living who had two children. One of them she had eaten already. The other child was found hanged up in the pantry.Twenty-two million people are now directly endangered by starvation. Some of them in -some miraculous way will escape. Seven to eight million people perhaps might be saved by us next autumn. But the rest of them inevitably face starvation.—The Nation, June 28, 1922, page 786.

The actual famine figures supplied by the secretariat of the Executive Committee of the Communist International showed that of the 135,000,000 Russians 13,772,613 in 16 provinces were actually starving as of February, 1922. Of these, 5,698,000 were children. Nor was this at the peak of the famine. By June of that.

year 247,000,006 gold rubles ($127,452,-QQO) had beep given to relieve the starvation* Of this amount 70 percent was supplied by Russia herself and the balance was contributed by twenty-nine other countries. However, the famin was*so great that only 16 percent of th stricken population was aided thereby*

A year later the continued Russian famine sought to blot out the life of millions mote that had escaped the first two year. Said the Commission on Russian Relief: “Our inspection of the famine provinces convinces us that eight million people will starve before the harvest in August, 1923, unless relief feeding is continued and increased. The total may, indeed, be ten millions at the peak of the need in midsummer?’ (Survey, March 1, 1923, page 726) Such famines followed World War I exactly as foretold, and since then food shortages and famine conditions have continued to plague the people of the earth in these “last days”.

Continued Famine*

In 1925 it was said that “the worst Fimine since 1897 now holds the west coast of Ireland in its grip”—Outlook, May 27, 1925*

In 1932, headlines in the New York Times (dateline, May 13) read: “Chinese Starving in Flood Regions; Millions Forced to Eat the Grain They Had Saved to Plant When Waters Receded; Famine-stricken Peasants Sell Wives and Daughters into Slavery for a Few Dollars.” The article that followed said that this Chinese famine was "estimated to be the worst, in the area affected, in more than 100 years".

In 1934 the United States experienced a super-drought. On relief were 3,200,000 faim lies, at a cost of $5,000,000,000 and without which untold numbers would have died. Canada also suffered from severe drought during 1933 and 1934, when 60 percent of her wheat fields were burned up, and the greatest plague of grasshoppers in Canada’s history invaded her western plains. Famine conditions were also severe in Europe at that time, Germany lost her hay crop; France and Italy suffered badly from drought; Portugal’s crops were eaten up by great swarms of locusts; Britain had a most severe water shortage; Rumanian bakers were placed under wartime restrictions. From the Ukraine in 1934 word came that the horrors of starvation were again sweeping over that land. The London Daily Express (August 7,1934) said that whole fields were used “as dumping ground for victims of the famine”. One correspondent in passing through that stricken region counted as many as sixty-six unburied bodies. The Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph (February 18, 1935) told of the 1934 European famine in a full-page article under the heading “Six Million Russians Starve to Death in 18 Months”

World War II broke out and the woes of famine increased as the Nazi hordes robbed the conquered nations of their food, leaving them to starve. In 1940 the Nazis robbed Poland of 4,000,000 tons of grain, 10,000,000 tons of potatoes and 80 percent of her butter. Denmark, Norway and the Low Countries suffered the same fate as prostrated Poland.

In 1941 Herbert Hoover said:

The consequences of great wars are always famine and pestilence. . . * The World War of twenty-five years ago brought hunger to 300,000,000 people. It was only the intervention of the United States which then saved

*,000 people are already

Today nearly 3Q0;

Europe from starvation and disease, Hunger in the present war is coining faster and with more violence than eveh in the last war. After a year and a half of the present war yearly 100,000,000 more people are short of food than after three years of the last war, . . * on rations,"

As a consequence “victory gardens" were encouraged and the slogan waa raised, “Food Fights for Freedom."

Food, however, did not win the victory in the concentration camps, where hundreds of thousands were starved to death.

A year after the recent war ended the world found itself tighter in the grip of famine than at any time in past history. Millions of Chinese hung on the grave's edge as they ate weeds, rice husks and grass mixed with common clay. “The clay/' they said, “adds bulk to th© weeds and rice husks and makes their meal more heavy." Photographic evidence was produced by Life magazine showing children dying on the sidewalks and in the gutters of China's cities in 1946. According to Life, “if every person in the United States were to stop eating rice for one year, there would still not be enough accumulated to make up China’s. vast deficit"

The following quotation and tabulated figures are from the Look magazine, June 11, 1946:

A fourth of the world is starving today. Tomorrow will even be worse. Famine over most ofr the world now is more terrible than most of us cim imagine. Hungry persons needed 20,000,000 tons of wheat during the year that ends June 30. They have received only 12,000,000 tons. There are now more people* hunting desperately for food than at any other time in history.

Year of Famine Persons Affected

1016 30,000,000

1344 90,000,000

1790 103,000,000

1877 116,000,000

1920 25^000,000

1946 500,000,000

These are impressive figures, especial’ ly the last two, for they show that since 1914 the “black horse” of famine has trodden under foot a far greater number of victims.

The Present Famine

In February of this year Herbert Hoover, whom Newsweek magazine callb “the world's greatest expert on m^ss misery", said: “This is the worse period in Europe in 25 years—and that applies to the British too? (Newsweek, March 3, 1947, page 30) About the same time the New York Times made a survey of the food situation in Europe and showed that conditions continue to be very bad in practically every European country. It is “Europe's worst famine in 50 years, costing the lives of thousands in Romania . . . Bucharest officials estimate that, during February, famine deaths averaged 700 a week, mostly i*n Moldavia". (W.orld Report, April 15,1947) A correspondent writing in the Manchester Guardian, March 20, 1947, said concerning the food situation in eastern Europe: "There can be no doubt that the Russian civilian is having a much harder life today than a year ago, or even during the latter stages of the war.”

In western Europe in the British-occupied zone hungry multitudes in their desperation have rioted, stoned and overturned automobiles of the military personnel. Their banners read: "We Are Hungry"; “Don't Let Our Children Starve”; "We Want Bread." Ireland too is battling against famine. “Irish Food Crisis Worst in Memory," read the headline in the New York Times, April 11, 1947. Only one European state, it appears, is not suffering from a shortage of food: "Vatican State lives in a restive oasis surrounded by hunger and cold of Italy," (World Report, March 18, 1947)

From the other side of the globe comes the report dated March 18, 1947: “Japan is rapidly approaching a new food crisis, one which promises to be more severe than last year when imports from the U. S. were credited with saving 11,000,000 Japanese from starvation." (World Report)

Let none think these famine condi-

tions will end this summer. Sir John Boyd Orr, the director general of the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization, sees a continuation of the famine, when he says; “Next year, as this year, the great need is for continued efforts to expand production of the most needed foods,” (New York Times, April 12, 1947) Britain’s “biggest crisis since war” is the shortage of food, and it will “hit hardest in six months”, according to April 22,1947, issue of World Report.

Causes and Prevention

Notwithstandin the national and international food councils and control hoards such as the IEFC, WFC, FAO and WFB that are set up to deal with the problem, famine conditions continue. Why? Because droughts, floods, pests and soil erosion, as well as shortages of transportation, farm machinery and manpower are not the real, basic causes of the famine. There are artificial famines created by the “wise men” of the world who set up AAA controls, kill off pigs, plow under corn, and who buy up surplus potatoes, withhold them from the market, and then dump them when they are rotten. This last winter, when 500,000,000 people (one-quarter of the world’s population) were starving, the United States government on January 23, 1947, ordered the dumping of 20,000,000 bushels of potatoes! Another great mountain of 25,000,000 bushels was disposed of as cattle feed, etc. Though such things make the blood of an honest man boil they are not the real, basic reasons for the famine, either.'

Nor are the religious clergy any better than the “great men” of politics and commerce when it comes to finding the basic reason and solving the famine problem. For example, the “Rev.” William E. McManus, writing in Our Sunday Visitor (March 16, 1947), said: “Thousands of youngsters in the war-torn nations are slowly and torturously starving to death. Other thousands ate roaming the streets; wild-eyed scavengers searching in garbage cans for a scrap of bread; little villains stealing food.” The “reverend” sees the famine afl right (500,000,000 feel it), but he faps completely to see the main and essential cause for it, and the only remedy. This is not surprising, however, for these gentlemen of the black cloth and white collar are really the ones responsible for another kind of famine, for the ‘famine in the land, not of bread, but of the hearing of the Word of the Lord’.—See Amos 8:11.

Were it not for this clergy-caused famine everyone would know the reason for the great material famine in the earth, as revealed at Revelation 12 .*12: “Woe to the inhabiters of the earth and of the sea! for the devil is come down unto you, having great wrath, because he knoweth that he hath but a short time.” It is Satan the Devil, therefore, that brings upon the people these woes of famine together with all the other woes mentioned in chapter 24 of Matthew. They constitute the visible “signs” that are present since 1914 that the Devil’s end is near and “the kingdom is at hand”. Consequently all the efforts of the political, commercial and religious giants of the earth to by-pass, postpone or cancel these famines will come to nought. The sign will continue until Armageddon. Therefore, let men of good-will that are not blind as are the leaders of this old world, give heed to this sign and flee to the mountain of protection afforded by God’s kingdom. Doing so, they will escape not only literal famine but also spiritual famine, for “they shall hunger no more, neither thirst any more; neither shall the sun light on them, nor any heat. For the Lamb which is in the midst of the throne shall feed them, and shall lead them unto living fountains of waters: and God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes”.—Revelation Tt 16,17.

The United States of

nroongsM

AFTER many months of negotiations and conflict between the Netherlands and their former East Indian colonies, the United States of Indonesia have finally come into existence. The story back of this achievement is an interesting one: To gain a proper view of the subject it is well to consider the region and peoples involved.

First knowledge of the fabulous East Indian islands came to Europeans through the annals of Marco Polo, ih the thirteenth century, who visited the island of Java. It is not likely that he was aware of the vast extent of the archipelago of which Java was a part. Today knowledge of the islands is still very meager as far as the majority of people are concerned. The appearance of the East Indies on the map does not convey to the average person their wide extent. It is only when comparisons are made that an idea of their size is gained. When stretched upon a map of the United States of equal scale, for example, it is found that the Netherlands East Indies reach all the way from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and extend over into these oceans a considerable distance. . The actual land area of all the islands taken together is more than a fourth df all the United States, and that does not take in the British portion of Borneo or the half of New Guinea under Australian administration. The main islands of the

Indies are Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes and New Guinea, There are thousands of smaller islands tha.t dot the seas in their vicinity.

Peoples and History of the Indies

The population of the Netherlands East Indies is eight times that of £he Netherlands itself, amounting to nearly 80'000,000, of which number more than half are crowded upon the island of Java. Of the total population only about a quarter of $ million were European or Eurasian before the wer. This figure has been reduced. There were about 1,500,-000 Chinese, and about 70,000 other Asiatics.

The peoples jof Indonesia speak some 250 different languages. There are three main language groups on Java, the Javanese, Sundanese and Madurese (on Madura), each of which speaks a distinct language, but they are able to converse with each othev. by means of low-Malay, a ’ sort of inter-Indonesian tongue. In Sumatra, next in importance to Java, the language is high-Malay in the main, as on the Malayan peninsula, but other languages also, are used. The other islands, peopled by various races, tribes and peoples, account for the remainder of the 250 mentioned tongues.

There is not much record of the history of the East Indies before Europeans came upon the scene. There was a Hindu period, apparently dating back to the first century A.D. In the twelfth century there were four Hindu kingdoms on the island of Java, which became the empire of Majapahti. This kingdom was overthrown by the Mohammedans in the

fifteenth century. When the Portuguese visited Java they found the people^ of Java “the most Civilised-'of the Indies-The JDuteh canoe in 1695 and in 1602 formed b trading company to handle aommerce with the East Indies. It was called Hie Butch East Indies Company. In 1610 a fort was built hear the present city of Batavia, and during the following century the Dutch extended their power greatly. Daring the Napo/ccnw period the Dutch temporarily lost control, but it was rest cured to them in 1316. The Dutch governor* up to 1854 were harsh and extorted from the natives labor and tribute which netted a huge profit for the oppressors, but auo aroused the indignation of the Dutch people, who insisted on reforms. Laws were passed to put the administration of the Indies on a humane basis, but these }a.wt did not became entirely effective until 1872.

Meanwhile the invading, trading Dutch built up many towns, chiefly the coastal ones, improving them greatly, and making some of them look use rep-lieu of neat Dutch ritias, with their cunala and picturesque buildJjjgu, Aside from these modernised section a, however, much of the East Indies remained orinutiva The people' live in bamboo huU, in towns surrounded by bamboo stockades, Streets are of mud and sanitation ia, well, not modern.

JVotartd ReaoavcM

The Dutch had an incentive for bestowing what improvements they did on the East Indian possessions Prewar figure* indicate that Java alone imported $250,-000,000 worth of finished goods, and exported raw materials valued at twice that smn The difference represents a balance greatly to the advantage of the Netherlands, True, the average Netherlander profited only indirectly and to a limited extent from this profitable trade. But the w«oHd middle dags”, as it has been called, knew how valuable these WK ff, i«y

islands and their prod note were to the Netherlands, Indeed, a fifth of the wealth of the Netherlands came from tim Indies ; so they were not too eager to let go of these u green pastures of the Orient". Netherlander^ themselves called the Indies J*the source of the lifeblood of the kingdom''.

The East Indies are rich in many valuable products. Before the1 war they were ifftn in mipGFtance fye

world's oil fields, and a considerable amount of American capital is invested in the oil wells and refineries of Jaya, Sumatra, Borneo, Ceram and New Guinea. The East Indies aho produced, and can again produce, 90 percent of the' world's quinine, 20 percont of its tin, 40 percent of ita rubber, not to mention the rich abundance of coffee, sugar, palm oil, tea, tobacco, spices, cocos, and other vsiuabfe produce. Deaidea puwftte-ing coal in considerable ^nautity. gold and silver also are mined in the islands.

Native Indonesians were not wanting who felt that they might enjoy a far larger share of all this bounty than they were receiving under the supervision of the Ne the Had ds. So, from time to time, agitation for freedom ami independence brektf out, and was promptly suppressed' by the expedient of sending the agitators to one or another of the conveniently isolated smaller islands.’ With the Japanese occupation, however, these struggles for independence found their opportunity, and they were allowed to aet up a native government. The Dutch rulers left the islands in retreat before the victorious Japanese, leaving behind many Europeans who were interned. The Endo-neaians did not particularly love the Japanese, but co-operated In Iwpe that they would ultimately be given their entire independence, in harmony with earnest Japanese assurances. Indeed, when the Japanese were finally defeated they generously gave Jhe Indonesian collaborators the promised liberty!

After the War

The war having cope to an end, the East Indian situation, from the stand’ point of the Colonial powers, called for early attention. The British, representing the Allied powers, moved in. An allied occupation armada dropping anchor at Batavia on September 16, 1945, was prepared to take over the occupied territories from the Japanese, pad to look after interned Europeans. The Indonesian Nationalists were not at all pleased, and were highly suspicious. A few weeks of fighting found them in control of a number of Javads principal cities, such ‘ as Soerabaja and Bandoeng. Allied troops were as yet unequal to the situation. In some cases the still remaining Japanese lost control and turned their arms, including armored cars, over to the Indonesians, rather than to the Allies.

There were grave fears expressed for the interned Europeans and Eurasians, including numerous women and children. Efforts were made to come to terms with ’the Nationalists, There were indications that the uprising might develop into a “holy war” on the part of the greatly preponderant Moslems. Homes of professed Christians were looted, religious pictures were torn from the walls and some of the homes were destroyed. The hatred against the nominal Christians, of whom there were a million, mainly Protestant, had been aroused by the Japanese and their propaganda, which flattered the Moslem majority and did everything in its power to hinder the activity of the “Christians”. A large “Christian" colony near Batavia was razed to the ground, and all its inhabitants were murdered. At Ambarawa Indonesian ‘‘Christians” were imprisoned and tortured. In the interior “Christians” of all nationalities were put in prison.

On October 15 Governor-General Van Starkenburgh Stachouwer resigned, and the lieutenant governor, Dr. Hubertus van Mook, took over, issuing a conciliatory statement to the effect that all remnants of the old Dutch colonial system must go. But, as the Dutch had extensive commercial and industrial interests in the islands, they were not prepared to depart and leave everything behind. The Netherlands government was also unwilling to enter into discussions with the Nationalist leader Soekarno, who had allegedly collaborated with the Japanese.

Finally channels of communication were established, the main link being an Indonesian, Col. Baden Abdul Kadin-Wirdjojoatmodjo, who had occupied important positions in connection with the Netherlands East Indies administration, but still enjoyed the Confidence of the Nationalists. He believed the interests of the Indies for the present could best be served by preserving a degree of cooperation with the Netherlands, while he regarded Soekarno not as an East-Indian Quisling, but as a popular leader.

Meanwhile Indonesian Nationalists battled the British at Soerabaja naval base. Food scarcities, racial prejudices, internment eaifip difficulties and religious differences complicated the situation. It was evident that Soekarno and his government were not too steady. A shake-up took place and Soekarno was relegated to the background while Sutan Sjahrir came to the fore as premier, and was made foreign minister and minister of home affairs as well. He was just about everything. He had, however, not co-operated with the Japanese, and was more acceptable to the Dutch, who were willing to carry on negotiations with him. They came out with a statement favoring the "rapid development of Indonesia as a partner in a kingdom’’ so to be constructed as to guarantee the “self-respect of all member peoples".

Fighting continued. Extremists on one occasion barbarously butchered 24 men whose Mosquito plane had crashed. The men were dismembered and their remains buried in a shallow gra^e. The

place was subsequently visited by British soldiers, and Indonesians were forced to disinter the remains. In repaying evi] for evil the British bombed and burned the town of Bekasi, after evacuating the people. On the uland of Sumatra alau there was fighting, Sumatran leaders stated they were m complete agreement with Premier Sutan Sjahrir Ln demanding complete independence.

In spite of these vicissitudes, some advance was made in negotiations February 10, 1940, the Netherlands government made a definite offer to the Indonesians io a carefully phrased paper, which provided that in doe course the Indonesians should express for them-solvit in a free election what arrange-went they desired. (Soekamo and 8ja-hrir hud uot been elected, though having wide popular support) A constitution was aho envisaged which would include “guarantees for fundamental rights, such eu> freedom of worst ip, legal equality without dibcriminatiou as to creed or race, protection of person and of prop-eriyf* and 1rof the rights of minorities, freedom of education and freedom of opinion and expression”. The plan would, moreover, meet all the obligations imposed by the UN Charter upon its members, and would provide membership for Indonesia as a separate state, in due course. While all these discussions < and struggles were going on English troops were displaced by Dutch troops.

In Late June an interesting development look place. Premier Sjahrir was kidnaped, together with several members of his cabinet, and Preridant Sow-karno was back in full power, taking over all the functional of the ineffective government

The Cheriton Affwouni

On November 13, at Cheribon, the Dutch and Indonesians reached an agreement called u last er piece of compromise*, by which Dutch colonialism in the Indies was.dissolved and the Indonesian MAY tt, lw

Republic was to be reeognuea. ±jw Dutch East Indies were to becoma, after due adjustment, the United States of Indonesia, within which there would be two parts, (1) the Indonesian Republic (composed of Sumatra, Java and Madura) and (2) the autonomous states of Borneo and the Great East Hie latter would iudnde the islands of Bali, Celebes, the Moluccas and Leaser SuntUa, and (probably) the Netherlands part of New Guinea- This arrangement would require a constitutional revision by the Netherlands States General (Dutch lawmaking body at the Hague), end that would take time. Hence January,!., 1949, won set as the date for making the alliance effective.

Violence again broke out, however, and the Dutch general, S. H. Spoor, came to Washington to get weapons. Said the general: 'The nohey I wifi fallow is that of the late President Theodore Roosevelt, namely, soft words bodied up by a big stick” In December the provisional state of East Indonesia was proclaimed by the NotlicrUuida government in the name of Queen Wilhelmina. This state consists of Celebes, the Moluccas and other islands cast of Java, and ia the second of three federal republics in the ultimate Union. The third will be the state of Borneo, to be established later.

The Cheribon Agreement, after nineteen months of debate and Conflict, not without bloodshed, became a formal covenant of the Netherlands government on March 25,1947, when Dutch and .Indonesian representatives signed the document in a ceremony nt the governor general’s palace in Batavia, giving recognition to the Indonesian republic and providing for the other states to compose the ultimate Indonesian Union, and linked with the Netherlands on an equal basis.

And in streets decorated with arches of viaee and flowers the city.of Batavia went an a holiday.

AGAIN there is a bill before Congress to limit the practice of vivisection. The present one, H.R. 462, prohibits experiments and operations (except for therapeutic purposes) upon living dogs in the District of Columbia and provides a fine of $100 to $500 or a year of imprisonment for infraction. Behind the proposed measure is much history.

If this bill has the same fate as the many’introduced since the first American measure against vivisection was introduced in 1880 in the New York Legislature, it ia doomed. The repeated failure of such legislation is quite contradictory to America's claim to humane, even loving regard for its animals, especially its dogs, which have been most abused by vivisectors. In a speech against vivisection of dogs, Congressman, Burdick of North Dakota pointed out the failure of all efforts to protect this friend of man up to 1944. Another measure exempting dogs from vivisection, in the District of Columbia, ELB. 491 (1945), failed of passage ,

A bill against vivisection' of live <^ogs introduced in 1945 was passed by the New^ York senate 39 to 9, but killed by the Assembly Rules Committee; while two more bills introduced, by Representative DiCostanzo, of New York city, and backed by petitions; 'bearing 246,500

When Will They Outlaw

VIVISECTION?

names, were killed ffby a decisive margin” in the Senate Codes Committee, February 12, 1946* The opposition to antivivisection bills was disclosed as the medical lobby, and the New York Times of March 9, 1947, reveals that the formidable foes of this humane legislation will continue to fight for freedom for cruelty.

Since vivisection to obtain medical practice has been for many years illegal in England, for reasons which seemed good and sufficient for the British, it is certainly of public interest to know why it is fostered in this country, which probably supports more pets than any other. But it is not only the pets that when lost or stolen - and turned over to experimenters form one of the most desired victims of vivisectors, but humans themselves, which must ultimately furnish the last or final proving ground for the practicer on beasts, that are vitally concerned. A related question is this: Do you wish to be operated upon by a medico who has tortured io death tens or hundreds ->of helpless animals, who^e vocal cords have been cut (debarked) to prevent all outcry? Is it callous fiends that the medical universities are training to prey upon men? Remember that Professor Starling,, testifying before the Royal Commission (England), declared: “The final experiment must always^be on man.”

Furthermore, abundant evidence frdm doctors proves that torture of animals (forinonly 5 percent of the cases are the victims given any anesthetic because the heartless practitioners lust in the observation of pain) has added but trifling physiological knowledge applicable to

man. For example, of what tue ia the know Eedge of the temperature and time required to baky a dog to death 1 Of how long his onnatde« twitch after decapitation 1 Of the effect of filling its disemboweled abdominal cavity with bailing water? Of eruahing its bcnca and its most sensitive organs, oL etitelling it with wire back-down to a boa rd , sipoa, ing its organa for the observation of the vivteector, often for weeks before its death in agony f

That we may unwittingly haw daily association, may even be treated by men who pitile&aly witness or perform sack atrocities, is the result of the permiBsiou-5 ng of viri section. Some of the greatest offenders arc the universitiea, which train oar younjr men and young women. How often will these sights inflame a ■artistic urge, the perverwon which delights inlilood anti suffering! to find its final satisfaction in the torture murder such aa the infamous Lueb-Leopold eases! How many such youthful sex perverts now stalk the land is witneedea by the hammer killings, the mutilation and dismemberment murders which have been especially prevalent in California-(BlSck Dalilia case of murder and dis-nwmUermen.t, for example) Can Americana any longer ignore laboratories and operating rooms, which caIIoub the mind to- such deedsf Also note the case of Jhrir-t he-Bipper, prominent vivisec tion-Ut, who was led to practice on women.

To these terrible ohambfers of vivi-section horror gu €500,000 dogs per year. Pete arepreferred i AjjS, it maybe truthfully added, are often stolen for the purpose During March of this year the l»os Angeles Examiner ran exposes of "collectors” that roamed the conn try wdehtadiug. dogs and cate, wnzen were later auctioned off and sent by the thousand* to vnrteUB vivisection laboratories, The ''collectors1' are more accurately known as “dognapers” by the members of the fiordid trade, Colliee are a partieniter favorite. On ail Seen it is ''estimated that more them 6,000;000 vivisection al experiments are performed each year in the United Statea”. Americans are led to wonder whether the British knew thaw horrible facte when they cheered a member of Parliament commenting upon our use of goats and mice in the Bikini atom bennb experiment, when he shouted: “W-by -choofte innocent animals when there are so many guilty men available!”

Mar x/r iw

If these statistics are shocking, the further details of operations performed can only be deaeribod u horribly revolting. Vivisection has come to bidude more than “the dissection of, or operation on, a living animal for physiological or pathological investigation1' (Wein ■ ter'*J; its meaning within the scope of the protesting societies includes the use of animals for experiment ally induced disease, for starvation, for pregnancy tests, and the “unspeakable torture of living animals someijmes for uo ouier reason than to demonstrate their sufferings and reactions, and their behavior under pain. * -. In fact,.the actual suffering is too often the sole aim and purpose of the axperimente which aoinelkiiies extend continuously for days and weeks* The fact too that morphia, ether and chloroform are all almost impossible to administer success fully to animals banishes the popular Bopposi-lion that animals in experiment feel little or no pain.

Vivisection therefore in-

IS

chides “cutting operations, the compression of Parts by ligatures, the administration of poisons, the inoculation of disease, the subjection to special conditions of food, temperatures or respiration, or to - the action of drugs and medicines”, all carried on almost entirely without any form of anesthesia. The literature of vivisectionists proves this. One drug, the South American curare, is sometimes used. Curare renders the animal motionless, but leaves it conscious and sensitive to pain.

In their lust for variety in exploring suffering “there is not an organ of the animals body, not a function, not a sensation, that has not been or is not being investigated and experimented upon by the physiologist”. Bead, if you can endure the horror of it, the enumeration of a few of the favorite practices of the surgical demon: “tying intestines of animals; de-nerving eyes of cats, mustard oil applied; de^pancreatizing animals; rotting dog’s liver with poison; slow death with X-rays; smothering rabbits, taking temperature of brains, manipulating intestines; applying hot flat irons to the shaven bellies of rabbits; starving dogs to a shadow; gall bladder tortures; making cats walk with their brains protruding; torturing pregnant animals; mashing, scraping, and 'puddling* brains of cats; sex gland tortures; making idiots, of goats and sheep by removing thyroid glands; suspending dogs by the ears and removing nerves; producing terrible sores and pasturing ticks on monkeys.” A standard publication, PAys-iology, by V. H. Mottram, professor of physiology in the University of London, describes the operation and actions of a decapitated cat and the “spinal dog” whose spinal cord has been cut in the region of the neck. As for infectious disease experiment the poor animals are the “guinea pigs” of test. ffIs there a new disease discovered by the faculty? It shall be compelled to contact it if possible, or exhibit the reason why it does

not. Is there a^degree of agony that just drops short of death and no more! , . . Nail by nail shall be driven carefully into its limbs till no more crucifixion can be borne "-Dr. Edward Berdoe, Jf.R.C.S.

Does Animal Practice

Limit Human Practice?

The stock defense of the vivisector, which apparently has been sufficient up to now, is that it i^ better to experiment on animals than on humans, A doctor who was criticized for experiment on dogs replied with sinister implication: “I do not have to use dogs for my practice.” In consequence the public has generally dismissed the subject of vivisection with the shrug: “I would rather the doctor would practice on the dog than on my baby?' This is a grave fallacy. The truth must be faced that the vivisector will practice on the dog and your baby, and you too if he is left unchecked! Serums, lumbar punctures or tuberculin injections have been inflicted upon 160 orphans of the St. Vincent Orphan Home of Philadelphia, on 426 newborn babies at Grady Hospital, Emory Div. (Atlanta), and on 500 newborn'babies at the New York Polyclinic Hospital, Department of Neuro-Surgery, Remember the words of Professor Starling: “The final expt?riment must'&lways be on man?

If all this animal experimentation had - been for the purpose of fighting disease in man, the work is retrogressing. In the United States, where vivisection has been practiced ad nauseam, the four leading man-killers, during the period from 1900 to 1939, made the following progress per hundred thousand of population: heart disease, in 1900, 132.1; 1939, 214.1; cancer, 1900, 63.0; 1939, 117.8; cerebral hemorrhage and softening, 1900, 71.5; 1939, 78.1; diabetes, 1900, 9.7; 1939, 25.6. “Animal research medicine used in World War I was proved by U. S. government figure to be more dangerous to American soldiers than the

moat destructive-weapons; . . * killed in action 50,510; killed by disease 62,670?* For this and other reasons eminent doctors world wide have condemned vivisection as useless, misleading For human practice, and often inducing mental diseases in the practices

Said Dr. Wm. Howard Hay (New York); “1 know of nothing that has ever been developed through vivisection that could not much better be proved in other and less cruel ways. We have little right to the name of Christian people until we stop these cruelties.3* Sir4 Charles Bell, professor of surgery, University of■ Edinburgh, pointed out: “The opening of living animals has done more to perpetuate error than to confirm the just views taken from study of anatomy and natural motions?’ “Vivisection is a snare and a delusion" (Dr. Wm. Held, Chicago), “utterly barren of results” (Dr. E. M. Perdue, director, Johnson's Pathological Laboratory in Cancer Research, the largest cancer research laboratory in America), ‘not necessary^ (Dr Erwin Liek, Danzig), ‘not justified' (Alfred Kimball Hills, M.D., editor, Medical Times), and “should not be tolerated” (Forbes Winslow, D.C.Ii, M.R.C.P., London). The absurdity of thinking that phenomena observed while operating upon living animals can be applied for the benefit of humans is patent and has often been exposed. One doctor declares that after operating on the bowels of many dogs he found that his knowledge thus gained was a positive handicap in human operations.

Dr. Arthur V. Allen of Chicago writes: ‘‘Heart-breaking, barbaric sufferings inflicted upon dogs in vivisection laboratories have contributed practically nothing to medicine in 300 years. . . . Disease in animals and disease in are never quite the same. The final test of any procedure (no matter how many times it has been tried in a laboratory on a dog) must be made on the human being?3 Also reiterating the words of MAY r$, W47

Professor Starling, A. Eugene Austin^ M.D., New York, emphasized: “I do not approve of animal vivisection;*! respect myself too much to be a butcher. . ♦ . The final experiment must always be on man.”

Besides these testimonials, anti-vivisection societies have furnished a long list of other doctors, writers and prominent people who oppose vivisection. Since so many proposed measures to stop it have been killed, the question naturally arises: Who are the powerful backers of vivisection? Who are those favoring the immorality of exploiting the helpless? Who nurtures the dangerous dogma that scientific research is exempt from the requirements of mercy and respect for life? The answer is a serious one, and, based upon the evidence of newspapers, and the journals of the offenders themselves, the certainty emerges that American universities, the American Medical Association, the serum manufacturers/ with crassly commercial motives, and a following of “science worshipers”, students, sadists and perverts, make up the proponents of vivisection. (Some think it would be desirable for these to practice on each other. They could get far more conclusive data than possible through experiments on animals.) Evidence of the monetary or perverted motives behind these horrid ranks are not lacking.

Constantly a scries of bills are presented to legislatures to enact compulsory use of serums, and the serum manufacturers employ “diplomats” to lecture in order to persuade people to use serums. The use of vivisection is a component par^ a sales adjunct for serummakers, for tests on animals constitute their sales arguments* The American Medical Association is deeply involved both as a promoter of animal experimentation and advocate of serums.

Within the sacrosanct walls of the respected university, behind it's imposing Gothic and gray front, also works the

IS

vivisecton His room is secluded, but well equipped. Light streams from .great panel windows, overhead are the latest* type auxiliary neons, the instruments are the best procurable for skilled surgery, the dog strapped .to the table a thoroughbred collie. Around the knife-wielder are grouped men with different expressions: two are pale and unhappy, ten appear indifferent; but what is that expression on the faces of those three hear the dog’s harrowed and quivering jaws, soundless but evincing torment endured? Is it possible that their ex^ pression is one of delight1 at this demonstrator’s repeat performance of the *fdeath of a thousand cuts”? Here, in the obscure quarters of the sacrosanct university, elegantly equipped by reason of a large endbwment, is not only a house of horrors, but a hatchery for fiends that will soon find canine torture not enough for their progressively increasing lust to enjoy th Gt pain of others; “the final experiment must always be on man/’ One of the legitimate reasons for medical practice is to ease pain. Is this method, by making the young neophyte either callous to or actually delighting in suffering, proper instruction?

But as serious as lb instructing the student in cruel and inhuman practices, there is a more terrible crime involved: the abuse of man’s God-given dominion over the animals. “Thou [God] madest him [man] to have dominion over the works of thy hands; thou hast put all things under his feet: all sheep and oxen, yea, and the beasts of the field; the fowl of the air, and the fish of the sea, and whatsoever passeth through the paths of the seas.” (Psalm 8:6-8; Genesis 1:26,28) Jehovah's Word brands the rabid vivisectionist as wicked and void of mercy: “A righteous man regardeth the life of his be&t: but the tender

• mercies of the wicked are cruel.” (Proverbs 12:10) In retribution for cruelly torturing animals, the Scriptures denote that Jehovah will employ many animals in the battle df Armageddon, to act against those who have defiled the earth' by such practices as vivisection. Lions and other caged wild beasts may then even the debt against men by tearing their flesh and devouring them horribly* Jehovah will take no' joy in the death of the wicked, but justice must be done. All accounts will be settled at Armageddon. There is no doubt that many of the tormentors of God’s creatures, Guinan and animal, will come to a violent end, and with them will end vivisection. - Saith Jehovah: “Every beast of the forest is mine, and the cattle upon a thousand hills, I kirow all the fowls of the mountains : and the wild beasts of the field are mine/’ (Psalm 50:10,11) The God who marks the fall of every sparrow will call the viviseetor to account

T^irudlfstic eJfttaders in Nigeria

Grisly details of the dissection o£ human bodies by moonlight in the juggle swamps of Calabar province of Nigeria fill the secret report brought by government courier from Lagos to London during June of 1946. It relates the outbreak of mass murders by the fanatical Anyotos, who believe them*

selves to be half human and half leopard. From' the still warm and bleeding bodies of their victims the Anyotos have taken the heart and lungs but through the neck, fiurgicai experts acknowledge the difficulty of this feat cm the operating table and with modem surgical’instruments, and they are stumped by the swages’ gruesome accomplishment in the jungle with only the waning moon for light. In every case, the chest and back and neck of the victims are terribly mutilated, the right arm of the males' and the left arm of the females are ripped clean from the body, and the heart and lungs almost always missing1. Over 200 such murders occurred in a few months.

HA.Y ££ If47

those that have learned the secret of raising them in captivity have built up a multimillion-dollar business. A single Cattleya orchid sells for $5 to $10, and sprays of Oymbidiums bring $16 to $20 At such prices it ife good to know that orchids are best if cut the day after they bloom and should then be refrigerated for a few hours to toughen them up. If they are refrigerated between wearings it is possible to keep a corsage of orchids fresh for a week.

The raising of orchids is not limited to the commercial growers. There are, in fact, many more amateurs among the 2,500 members of the American Orchid Society than commercial raisers of these blue-bloods. The president of the society started raising orchids as a hobby a few year^ ago and now he has five thousand varieties which he must keep in nine different greenhouses in order to duplicate climates like those occurring in cool highlands and steaming jungles in different parts of the earth. Many of his plants were personally obtained in distant lands during his travels. His latest jaunt has taken him to Brazil.

South American orchids are said to be the “quintessence of all that is strange and beautiful in the world for flowerlovers”, Many of them are epiphytes, that is, they suspend themselves from trees and live on nothing except air, water and sunlight, plus a small amount of decayed vegetable matter. “Celestial orchids” they are called.

Ariafocrafa by Name

Some of the better-known orchids have high-sounding names that are in keeping with their ritzy station in life. When an individual orchid is spoken of, usually the giant bloom of the Cattleya is referred to. It is all-surpassing in loveliness of form and charm of beauty, ranging in color from the deepest purples to the lightest lavenders, with pure whites, scarlets and delicate hues of apricot and strange bronze effects numbered among them. It is well named the “king of the orchid worlds

Opinion as to which is the "queen of orchids” is divided between the Laelia genus and the Odontoglossom orchids. The O. crispum from Colombia has graceful raceihes of large flowers that are blotched with purple, yellow and brown markings that fall on a pure white background.

The second-best-known orchid is the Cypripedium, which name means 'Venus slipper'*, and describes the slipper-shape of its lip. There are several other “slipper” orchids f besides this one named aft^r the mythological Greek goddess; for example, the Phragmipedium cauda-tum which hails from the mountains of Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Its yellow-green flowers with red markings have two of its petals extending down like ribbons sometimes thirty inches in length. Another member of the spray type of orchids is the Cymbidium, It is one of the most famous and its flower spikes are three or four feet long.

The Stanhopea tigrina of Guatemala, Colombia and Venezuela is a bizarre orchid in both form and color. Its weird flowers are waxlike and are grotesquely splashed3 with light purple and dark maroon on a background of dull yellow. Adding to the fantasy it breathes forth a strange fragrance that has a definite Latin-American accent. As a contrast with such forward individuals the Mil-tonia vexillaria of Peru is a modest orchid of soft and tender tones of rose.

Orchids of the genus Oncidium are commonly called "butterfly” orchids. The 0. papilio of Venezuela, Brazil and Peru is a rare beauty with spots and bands of clear shades of yellow, orange, brown and green. The “moth” orchids are properly named Phalaen opsis, and come from India and Malaya Peninsula, Delicate flowers they are, tinted with pink and lavender, and particularly demanded on wedding days. Vanda orchids also come

from Malaya, The V. coerulea is bine.

The Arethusa bulbosa.is a native only of Japan; the Coelogyne pandurata of Borneo is a green orchid of the treedweller clan; and so oh and on, the list of these gorgeous flowers could be extended until they numbered in the thousands. And of the thousands of orchids there is only one that has an industrial value: Vanilla fragrans is the source for natural vanilla extract.

Several countries have prohibited the exporting of native orchids because of their rarity and value. Such laws are a result of the wicked practices of certain selfish and greedy collectors.'A case of such may be cited where collectors of a certain European orchid establishment, after obtaining specimens of Cypripe-dium spice rianum from the only hillside where they were known to grow, then destroyed the remainder with fire in order to raise the price.

Orchids as a Science

Those who want to go into a study of orchids in a big way can now go to college and study to be orchidologists. However, this is not necessary for the successful raising of orchids in one’s living room. All one needs is time and patience and a few suggestions. Orchid seeds are as fine as gold dust, and as many as 500,000 are in a single pod. Plant them in a flask on agar-agar that is soaked in a nutrient solution; seal the flask and keep at 66° Fahrenheit for six to nine months; transfer the seedlings to community pots, and after two years put in individual pots; then every two years re, pot, and wait! Wait for five, ten or fifteen years for them to bloom! And. all the time iftirse and care for them as you would for a baby born prematurely. They will have to be kept in a glass case in the window with thermostatically controlled temperature and in which high humidities can be maintained, and they must receive only from 5 to 30 percent of normal light.

The Missouri Botanical Gardens worked out a method of raising orchids in about half the time ordinarily required, by using hydroponics or ‘“soilless culture” in which the plants are grown in. gravel that is saturated with a solution of chemicals used in “flash culture”.

After one has learned the fundamentals in raising these finicky flowers one can start hybridizing orchids, a field that is as broad as infinity. Through artificial pollination a touch of yellow may be added or a deeper lip cut to increase their beauty. But here again one must wait for ten or more years to see the fe-sult of such erogs-pollination. All of these things emphasize the short life of man and his limited resources compared with those of Jehovah God the Creator of this infinite variety and beauty.

c&Teeze It “Dry

< Everybody knows that syrup, and such like, are thickened up by boiling off the water, but how many people know that the water could be ‘boiled off’ by freezing? Such a process, known as “freeze-drying”, was developed during the recent war. It was used for removing the water from such perishables as blood plasma, penicillin and streptomycin, which would have been damaged if they were subjected to high temperatures for removing excess water. The process is really one of sublimation and is carried out in a high vacuum wherein the product is first frozen and then the ice removed by evaporation, passing directly from the solid to the vapor state without first melting. The operation is so rapid, and evaporation so fast, that the product continues to remain frozen. Now that the "War is over (or is it?) it is predicted that this process will find use in dehydrating such foods as meat and fish, and fruit juices.

Religious Clouds

W Darken the EMERALD ISLE

IRELAND, a land of beauty, A land of softly sloping mountains, running brooks and natural lakes. A green, green land, literally flowing with milk, if not with honey. A fertile little country, well watered, both from the inside and'from the outside. In no single part of her -32,585 square miles is the inhabitant ever more than 60 miles from the sea. She lies to the west of Britain, and she stands alone, I think her loneliness in the midst of the mighty seas is a symbol; for surely nowhere else on earth shall we find a people so very much a part of this old, old world, and yet so very much alone.

In this year of 1947 Ireland is not united. The division within her borders is remarkably strong, both politically and religiously. The southern area, commonly known as Eite, is controlled by one De Valera. This portion consists of some 32 counties, with a population of, roughly, 2,900,000.' The northern part, called Ulster, has only 6 counties, with a population of a little over 1,200,000, and is under British rule. This division came about after nearly 2,000 years of internal strife. Wars upon wars, mostly civil, have drenched her land in human blood and created a hatred between brethren that is sad to see. Her struggles culminated in 1921 in the complete separation of her peoples after the shocking war of 1920, infamous for its rape, torture, wanton destruction of property and wholesale murder. The Ireland we will discuss is the country that has grown out of the Treaty of December, 1921.

…