Awake!, September 22, 1946

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POGROMS. IN POLAND

Who is responsible for continued anti-Semitism in Poland

Glad Nations Theocratic Assembly

Representatives of many nations convene in unity and harmony

Counting Heartbeats

Ingenious devices record a thousand pulsations per minute

When the Remnant Awoke

Rousing call to awake grounded in Scriptural injunctions

SEPTEMBER 22, 1946 semimonthly

THE MISSION OF THIS JOURNAL

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CONTENTS

Po^'Oms in Poland

Political Causes of Pogroms

Hierarchy Responsibility for Hilli^^ Cardinal Illmul's Proclamation The Curdinal Is Rebuked Repercussions ton the J>ublic Can Pogroms Be Prevented?

Glad Nations Theocratic Assembly

Universal Petjee Day

Conclusion

Sea Wolves

Precision-made Bail Bearings

Judaism vej"l'lus Moses and the Prophets 19

Inebriates, Four- and Two-legged

Counling Heartbeats

Catholic Convent lliiles Mussolini's Body 22

''I Will Curse Yom- Bkssing::;"

"Thy Word Is Truth"

When the Remnant: Awoke

OPA Expiration and Rebirth

QJA Expiation June 30

The New Legislation

In Turbulent Syria

Watching the World

/WWE/

Now it is hitfh time to awake.'’—Romans 13:11

Volume XXVII

Brooklyn, N. V., September 22, 1946

Number 704

POGROMS IN POLAND

FOR six long years millions of men fought, bled and died in a terrible world war. Presumably those men were -fighting for the purpose of destroying forever the beastly forces that enslaved, persecuted and killed innocent men and women. By Jnly 4, 194(), the memory of those war yean; had not died; and so it vms a shock to the world to hear on that dav that .fl Jews had been massacred ill Poland, the very country where World War JI began in. 1939. Such an organized massacre of helpless Jews as that is called a pogrom, meaning "devas-liition".

Why such killings continue to plague the peace of the world is what thinking people would like to know. Wily were such victims Jews/ AvVl1y tlid not the officials of Poland prevent iU Why were tliese innocent Jews killed by a Catholic mob? Why did the Catholic bishop:; and cardinals not prevent it1 Weighty questions, thc::;e, that press for an answer. But to arrive at a reasonable answer one must review the facts.

On the morning of July 4, at eight o'clock, angry men and women began to gather iit front of the Jewish headquarters in the city of Kielce. By eleven o'clock a moh of several thousand had assembled with murder in their heart::;. That afternooni by three o’clock, they had broken into Jewish homes and stores and had beaten to death 41 persons, besides seriously wounding scores of others.

The fuse that set off this explosion of mob violence was a story of a nine-year-old boy who deliberately lied that he had been kidnaped, and Iwld in the Jewish headquarters in Kielce for three days, and that while there he had seen the bodies of iifteen Gentile children whom he said the Jews had killed. Later he confessed that he actually was at the home of friends of his father in the neighboring viJlage of Pielmrki.

Another hoax was used by several men dressed in the uniform of the PoliSh army. They went to the door of the Jewish headquarters and promised to lead the Jews to safety through the mob. When. they had the helpless Jews outside they turned them over to the crowd, who heat them to death iln A most brutal manner.

This outrage did not occur on some 4th of July during the Dai'k A.ges, but in the year 1946. It was not executed by Jew-hating Nazis, but by Na7J-persecut-ed Poles. It was not done by uncivilized cannibals, but by so-called "Christian" Catholics. But whyl

At first glance it would appear that tho riot was purely an anti-Semitic outbreak of race hatred. Careful observers, however, admit tliat there was more to it than that. \Vhile it is true that there was hatred of the .Jews existing, yet the motive behind the riot that kindled the race hatred to the burning point was a sinister political one.

Prior to this outbreak of violence there existed, and continues to exist, much political tension in Poland. Various political groups within tltp country war with one another to increase their power in the government. The referendum that was held on .June 30 did lint im prove the sitnation either. In fad, soilie claim that the pogrom a few days later developed out of the dissatisfaction over the outcome of the referendum. It was coincidental, to say the Irast, that the pogrom occurred simultameonsly with the pre-liwimu-y annoirncement thut the referendum calling for abolishment of the Senate had lieen \von by the present gov-ermnmit.

Political Causes of Pogroms

There are two general divisions of for.ee in Poland: tJte Soviet-sponsored Warsaw government, which has Comnm-nistic leaning::;. and the London Polish govermneut, which has the. full support of the Hierarcby and Catholic interests in England and America.

These forces are pole:-i apart in antagonism and are ho 111 powerful. The Warsaw government, nf course, has the immediate power of the goYernment, but the London Polish goYernment brings much pressure to Iinh' on tlte internal affairs through the Catholic hierarch within the country, the gtwrri I la hands in the forests, and the PoJi;<;Jj armed forces outside the country under the leadership of Oenerals Bor and Anders. Anders' forces, are estimated to he 1S0,-000 troops. mid they stand as a coup d'etat threat. The powerful Peasant party, which is Catholic under the limd-ersldp of 'Mikolajezyk, also agitates Poland's equHibrium.

VVltlt such internal stresses it is little wonder that following the wholesale massacre of Jews in July tlte various factjons immediately pointeO the finger of accusation at the other parties. First of all, why did not the government in power prevent it? Does it lark the pow-ed Nationally, it probably has suJlieicnt power to prevent an overthrow of government, hut locally it may be weak. This is gathered from the report of ,V. g, Lawrence in the New York Thn.es of July Hi, 1.946:

It is the opinion of all neutral observers who have been in Kid.ee that the secret police and military did not act with normal speed or strength against the moh. It is pointed out that in a cmmtry where gunfire is normal rather than unusual in breaking np crowds, no shots were fired at the gi’ouj) that killed the .Tews and that none of the mob was killed even u ficr it. had killed forty-one Jews and four Poles.

Local weakness of tl te present government is seen, too, in the fact that it was necessary for the government to arrest the local commanders and deiuty commanders of the securi ty police and •'citizens militia". There seems, therefore, to be no j)oint in the charge by the opponents of the present regime that it was government forces that plotted the pogrom, for iiwh murderous riot only re-tlected the weakness of its law-enforcement ag-eucy.

The Underground Guerrillas of Poland were also blamed for the murderous assaults of July 4. These elements have mixed characteristic::;; some are anti-Semitic, some arc anti-communistic, some are nltra-faseiatic. All are opposed to the present government and arl' a law unto themselves. It is quite probable that some of the ringleaders of the pogrom mohsters were of these groups. It is also possihle that they were the ones tltat cmviininied thf' massacre. However, it not executed without support •and backing from still another source of power.

And wha t is that sinister power? To sav bluntly tltut tlje Homan Catholic Hierarchy is that sinh;ter power is to invite an outcry of criticism from many people. Proof must first be offered to suhstantiate such an assertion. 'the leaders of the Limimgrouni!. savs Stanley Pieza, stall correspondent of the Chica-

go are/ild .twww. are "peasants, former soldiers iii the valorous Polish army, women of great couTage, Catholic Clwrclt officials’". More proof follows.

Pogroms originated in Russia in 1881, and for a number oi yeaTs thereafter were identified with Uie cruel czarist rulership. Yet Russia is not the only country where such wiekedness has flourished. Sinee the birth or t Iw Polish nation pogroms have been identified as a part of its social standard. Nor was this blight on the PoJi::li nation removed by the destruction of thr anti-Remitic forces of Hitler that ruled. Poland. A dispatch in the New York Times of July 17 said:

News of the pogrom at Kielce may ha\e shocked the outside world. Inside Polaml. so far as can be seen, there was hardly a ripple of surprise.

Anti-Semitism among Poles. according 1.o foreign ohsej’Yci’s, is doep-Tootf.d and intense, and some Poles Ihemsclves admit it. Stweral well-educated awl presumably intelligent Poles huve told this correspondent that at least Hitler was right nbout one thing—he wanted to Idll all th e .Jews.

Hierarchy Responsibility for Killings

Rememher this important fact in analyzing the causes of Polish pogroms: Poland is a UathoJic country, F:5 percent Catholic. For generations it has heen under the influence of the clergy. Few countries today have a Catholic population as obedient and subservient to the Hierarchy as Poland. .It is J'or this reason that a group of Jews pleaded witli Hie liead of the Catholic church jii Polaml, Cardinal Hlone, a few weeks hefore July's outrage asking him to issue a pastoral letter to the Catholic population denouncing anti-Semitisin and thus stop the killing off or Jews.

And what was the response of the cardinal to the plea? Did he seize hold of the invitation to prevent the slaughtering of innocent men and women! Shocking as it may seem to honest Catholics, SEPTEMBER J2t, 194£;

Blond did not lift so much as a finger to prevent it. 'the cardinal said that he thought, '"there were not sufficient factors to justify such a proclamation", in spite of the faet that on June 14 it was reported that there was a tluee-clay pogrom in the city of Stettin. Yes, in spite of the fact tliat 1,000 Jews had been murdered at the hands of Poles since Y"-E day'

Finally, al'mr 41 persons had heen done to death and public indignation in this country and elsewhere was running high, aud the number of accusing fingers pointing in the di region of the Roman Catholic Hierarchy had increased, the cardinal, to save his race, came forth with a feeble dcnnnciation of tliese wan -1 ou nuu’d!!*:;. ‘'1 will now reron sider the appeal for such a pToclamation," sajd Hlond, “1mt J' must con:snlt. the bishops of Poland before doing it." Rather un-n5:ual, is it not. for tl cardinal to ''consult the bishops” hefore issuing a proclamation?

Cardinal Blond’s Proclamation

The wording ol' the proclamation is very interesting. Hlond m••■■d no adjectives stronger than '•tragic'" and ‘''painful" in describing the terrible atrocities against humanity. 1 t was only a "regrettable event", The insincerity of the cardinal’:,; statement h:; noticed in the paragraph where, in referring to that gory dav of .Tulv 4, he said tliat it was a "tragedy”, not particularly heeanse 41 men and women lost their lives, but ratlier. "because it took place before the eyes of youths and young children.” One can almost spp the glycerin artificial tears streaming down the cardinal's face as he wrote those words.

Cardinal Hlond tiaid that the Kielee incident djd not occur for racial reasons. hut grew tup on a totally different basis, tliat is, H political one. Explaining what lie meani, Hlond said that it was "to a great degree dne to the Jews who today occupy leading positions in Poland's

government and endeavor to introduce a governmental strur.ture which the majority of the people do not desire".

The facts are that there were not more than five Jews in the government at the most. Some sav there were onJv three. But that is not the point. 'Yhat if tJiere were Jews in the government that "endeavor to introduce a governmental structure which t lie majority of the people do not desire’’, i:o that reason or excuse to justify the Idlliug off of innocent Jews, men, women and children, who are not of the government, just because they happen to he horn .Tews? Cardinal lOond savs “Yes*; hut no bon-est Catholic will agree with him.

Turn the proposition around. 'Would there he any justification for killing off innocent Catholics in America heranse there are some Catholies in Uie government that are inhrodiicing policfesi foreign to the American Constilution ? Wit"' should not the .J ewisb minority in Polund hove the same rights to h)ld governmental position:! as the Catholic minority has in America.?

Saul K. Padover. writing editorially in the New York newspaper PM, said:

As I sec it. the implications of the cardinal's statement are twofold : first. that it is permissihlc to kill people with whose politics you disagree; and, second, that it is justifiable to murder otherl'l of the same minority with whose politics you disagree.

The Cardinal Is Rebuked

The PoliHh American Congress sided with the cardinal and. said that the hideous pogrom Wtts merely a ''physical protest agninst foreign political provocateurs". Jewish organizations, however, took an altogether different viewpoint of the malicious mmrder of their brethren. An executive of the World .Jewish Congress said tliat for Hlond "to invoke a disputed political situation as reasons for murcler of innocent men, women and children is most certainly an act that runs counter to all rules of humanity and religion". Continuing, tJie statement said: "As a result of ius siatement, Cardinal Hlond will fml it ili.fli.cult to free himself of co-responsihility for anti-Jewish acts that might follow in the future/'

The chairman of the I nterim Committee of the Anierican ,Jewish Conference. which represent;: sixty-three nationai Jewish oTganiza tjons, said in heltalf of the conference: “Tn justify the murder of Jews by the allegation that Jews 'occupy the .leading pmd f ions in Poland's government' is tantamount to absolving the murderers of their guilt and serves to undermine tJic earnest efforts of the Polish government to extirpate antiSemitism.”

In a telegram to 1 ’resident Truman tJte New York City chapter of the Methodist Federation or :':lo<-ial Service said that Blond W"l'ts merely repeating "the main propaganda line that brought the lUtler regime to power". Therefore, the telegram asked that Myron C. Taylor he recalled from tl le Yatic’an "in view of tlte political interference of the Vatican State in Poland in shielding pogromists and in blaming ,J ewisli otlicials of a friendly government for murders instigated by others'’.

The American .Jewish Committee in a letter to President Trnman said that the "exposing to persecution and terror an entire group, because of the politics of some individuals acting entirely on tJieir own, is contrary to all principles of humanity and religion’’. They asked, therefore, that Truman request the pope to interfere with tl if\ killing of Jews in Poland by Catholics. 11abhi Goldstein, president of the Synagogue Council of .America, thought best to appeal directly to the ])ope by cablegram for Jielp in behalf of J ewn of Poland.

But Pius XU was too busy to give much attention to this matter of killing Jews in Poland. He was husy offering up "his paternal pTayer tlmt his [Greiser’s] life be spared". Greiser, it will be re

called. was one of. the worst war crim-nials tliat ruled Poland under the Nazis and he it was that fiendishly butchered many thousands of pepple.

Repercussions from the Public

Righteously disposed people were enraged over the revealment of the Hierarchy's attitude toward the pogroms in Poland, and some of them expressed themselves very forcefully in letters to the public press. A fp.w of such letters were vnblishcd. Excerpts from some of these written to the newsj)aper PlJ.f are as follows.

Cardinal Hhiml's stntement • . • is a callous attempt to throw responsibility for the massaci’c nol, upon the murderous hut upon their victims. While he does not openly eon-done the pogrom, it. is regrettable indeed that he should have felt the necessity of supplying justification for its perpetrators. His implication is that the fault lies with the Jews Ihemselvcs-with the persecuted—instead of with !hose who persecute them.-.ARKOLD HERRICK.

J acob Schneider writes with sarcasm:

One must he grateful lor Cardinal Hlond's statement. There has been no more forthright statement on the part of the Roman Catholic hierarehy as to whoro it hus 8tood, -in the last 25 years, with reference to oppression, persecution, and mtii'lc’j" fur political purposes.

Another writes:

To accuse a prince of the church of unwittingly acquiescing iu his country's racial blindness is to invite harsh criticism from church people who think clergymen beyond a layman's views. But the fact still remains that 41 Jews •were slaughtered in lilind fury on the part of ignorant louts. . . . Forty-one dead hodies are 41 reasons why Cardinal Hlond should not have made his pronouncement, the way he did. If he is really aiL’dous to put an end to his nation's rotten antiSemitic record he should have directed all his fury as prelate toward his own huge parish. They are the killers. The Jews are merely the dead.

An ex-journalist said, in part:

When men of God preach such doctrines of hatred, it is time for men of good will, of whatever religious or political beliefs, to cry out in the name of humanity against them.

Can Pogroms Be Prevented?

Following tile slaughter of July 4 the Warsaw government of Poland made a vigorous ejfort to bring the perpetrators of the crime to justice. Twelve persons were rounded up and tried by a military court. Nine of thein were sentenced to be hanged. This is said to he the frrst time in Poland’s histoi'Y where members o.E a pogrom mob were executed for their crimes.

But the hanging of nine beasts does not rectify the killing of forty-one intelligent humans. If does not make amends for ‘‘fatally beating a pregnant woman who gave bi rth prematurely to a dead cliild before she, heTself, succumbed to injuries”, as reported by tlte New York Times. Nor ‘vlll the execution of suciJ mobsters prevent future pogroms in Poland. This is evidenced bv the fact that nine Jews were seized and held as hostages for the nine gangsters that were executed.

What, then, is the remedy? Is it for the Jews to flpe Poland completely? Before the war there were 3,000,000 Jews in Poland. Now it is estimated that there are less than 160,000, and most of these would like to leave. It is true that if there were no Jews in Poland there wonld be no reported killings of them .from tJtat country, but that does not argue that peace would settle down over Poland. ‘the removal of the Jews would not mean the removal of the cause of th(‘ persecution. the canse of the pogrom is deep-rooted in the internal political tension between the two great philosophies of Russia and the Vatican. Both clash over the issue of domination of Poland, and the Jews aTe caught in the rrJ.ddle of the struggle.

SEPTEMBER 22, 1946

Held by Jehovah's witnesses Qlt'veland, Ohio, August 4U1

CM Nations Theoa'atic mbsyembly

WHAT nations are glad l What nations assemble Theocraticu lly f Certainly the reference coulcl not lte to the 21 nations assembled at the Paris jxaee conference. J.t was i10t an occa:;iun of glndness. Imt one fraught with suspicion and intrigue and selfish political maneuverings. Nt/ther was it a Theocratic- assembly of nations, for those 21 nations were intent on establishing a man-made world oTganir.ntion to rnle, and ignored Theocracy or Oo<l rnle. The factual answer is that glad representatives from inany nations assembled at Cleveland, Ohio, .August 4-ll, in a convent ion tic-voted to the Theocratic Government of Jehovah God. Jehovah's witnesses from all corners of the earth (•onverged on Cleveland for those eight day:-;, nnd titled their joyful international gathering the “Glad Nat ion f' Theocratic Assembly”. The brief report that follows will show the name true to tlw facts.

Delegates came from 31 countries, in addilion to the United States. Airplanes and oeean vessel:; brought them to the North American continent. By plane, by rail, by hus and by private car, thousands upon thousands headed Cleveland way from all points of the continent. On August 2, 3 and :l lliere were 38 special trains pulling into Cleveland, lonUpd down with Theocratic conveutioners. Opening day, August 4, saw more than 50.000 in attendance at the seRsions. Tlw mmther mounted until it reached ()7,O00 on Saturday, August 10, and thence :>h ot past the 80/100 mark for the public lecture on Sunday afternoon, August 11.

Tlie Assembly program, as it unfolded during the course of the eight days, revealed increasing gladness on the part of all the> clelegateR from many nations. Meetings were conducted in 20 different languages, with the hulk of the sessions holding sway in the most widely used, the English tongue. One did not need to Jjsten long to be impressed with the fact that th is was a Theocratic assembly, an assembly where Jehovah God and His kingdom by Christ were singled out as all-important. '.Each of the eight convention days had its own particular theme, but each or the eight themes related to .Jehovah's Thcncracv and service in the interests thereof. l Ligh-lighting convention discourses were those presented by the president of the Watchtower Society, N. H. K1101T.

'Kotes of gladness struck their highest pi Lelj('s w I ien tile numerous surprise releases of new publications were sprung 011 iJte assemhled conventi oners. How the thunderous applauses hurst from the vast audience and rolled out across the playing field embraced by the great horseshoe, double-decked Municipal Stadium ! Not a day oJ' th:: convention passed without some new release. \Vhy, even before tJio Assembly convened in its program schedule there was the release on the grounds of a postcard picturing Municipal Auditorium and Stadimn and announcing the Glad Nations Theocratic .Assembly being held there !

Harvesters’ Gladness Day

Opening; da,;, August 4, was thus themed. Mornbig assembly for field service was followed h\‘ au afternoon session that saw Municipal Auditorium packed out, alojig with auxiliary halls, nnd many thousands overflowing ont onto Hte M all and sui’i’oiiDdiug- ground;. Two discourses based on Wftfcldmvei^ articles wetc separated by the conducting of an lionr-long model watchtower study by demonstrators on tlte stag-E\ of the Auditorimu. l\1ore than 50 participants seemed to transform the stage into n typical Kingdom llall of' .J ebovulfs witnesses, ancl on l s the portalJe micro-pli!ine that picked np audience comments and the rustle of thousands of Wal.cli-tower pages as the study progressed kept one reminded i hat multitudes of enn-ventioners were "’sitting in" on the model meeting.

Gladness was heightened for the evening session by the Assemhly's moving into the spacious nhmici pul Stadium, where ull could l)e comfoduhlv accommodated. Tlue heart-warming address of welcome liy Conve 11 t ion t'lmi rman H. Suiter was followpd by F. W. Franz' discourse on •'The Harvest, Uie End of the World". This dosing speech of the opening day lifted the "Iharvesters’ Gladness'' theme to its highest pitch by a clear exposition on .J e::;us' parahle nf the wheat and tai'es. The full text of this talk was then released in the form of the Watchtower magazine: issue of August H5. It 'Yas i he first release 011 tlje convention program. Coming on the opening day as it did, it sharpened to razor-edge expectancy and anticipation for releases that might follow as the i‘e-m mining seven davs of convention unfolded. But even expectancy nili1 anticipation did not reach the heights uf the reality to come.

"'Defense of the Gospel" Day

August 5 was devoted to stirring up zeal to defend the gospel, aud to supplySEPTEMBER 22, 1Y4fJ ing practical information and training toward that end. As tlw morning as-scmbJy for field service was conducted, delighted eyes feasted on the beautiful platform that the hands of witnesses bud erected overnight. How brightly in the morning sun its harmoniously hlended hues tlidi shine out there on tlte playing fieltl! The convpntioners in general were soon dismissed for witness work among Cleveland's population. Tml remaining behind for furt her sessions were four foreign-language groups. It was tire Hrst sejues of the H} meetings scheduled to Ue held in foreign tongues.

The afternoon se:-:si. om Ii pn.rd the Society's legal counsel, H. C. Covington, discourse for an hour on “Proper Conduct hi Court". Tlte important thing is to properly defend the gospel when in court.. tD p;i ve a witness or testimony eon-cerning tlw King’dom and the issues at stake. Let the grajitiiig of victory Test with .J f-lwvah G ud. 1'lw speaker was succeeded before the microphone by the convention chairman. IIis t.ojue was "The Messenger", and was climaxed by the mmounccnitmt that the Society. would publish its own convention newspaper, and that the first copy of tJiis eigltt-page tal•Inid was oJT the press and ready ami waiting J'or the witnesses right now! Five such pig-ht-page issues were ro-leasetl during tlw Asseinldy, and to these iRsucs <•>igltt additional pages wern added t\t lliP rlose of the convention to f otal up to a J-S-page complete report of the Glacl Nnti rm; Assmnbl y, entitled "The Messenger’’. This complete report is being mailed to all parts of the gng-lisli-spealdng world.

Release nf t1i<? initial eight-page issue on "Defense of the Gospel" Day was appropriate. Why so? Well, the public press generally is given to distorting news to plea::;e private political and religious and commercial interests and opinion, and especially so does it do tltis relative to reporting the trutlj concerning Jehovah's witnesses. Tlte magnzine

Left: Cbail'DlllD rcltoRSI!1! Messenger. Right: Couveutiuners rejoice over it.

Aerial >i!:<w of Stadium during Wednesday aftetnoou session

Time, for instance, glibly misrepresented the> witnesses and the A sseinblv to plea$e religious interests tliat apparently diet ate policy for Time. If all tlje other articles ill Time aTe as unfounded as thes <jiie, the magazine renders great disservice tn the eountrr. At any rate, the Society foresaw such misrepresentation, from long experience wilh tile public press, and arranged to publish a complete report of its owii that would honestly relate convention doings and that at the sante tiwe would serve as a defense agaim;t public press falsehoods. (i\. complete report on the Glad Nations Theocratic Assembly also appears in the Watchtower magazine of October 1, 1916.)

The evening session of the second day was given over to Timocratic ministry training. Once again a typical Kingdom Hall group of .Jehovah’s witnesses occupied the platform, this tiwe to demonstrate the proper conducting of the weekly course in Theocratic ministry meeting. Botli iusii’uction talk aud student talks set a fine standard for co .lying. This hour-long demonstration was given pmctical application in fielU witnessing by the series of seven demonstrations by couples, iii t-acli case one acting as n witness at the door and the ot her posing as householder. Objections of householders were ahly refuted by the wit-ne::;::;e::;, who mndt> tactful nse of information gained at tlw Theocratic ministry study.

"Good Courage" Day

After morning sessions that followed tlw general pattern of August 5, the afternoon session tjf August ti lizard the sounding of the Assernhl y keynote by the Society's president. N. H. Knorr. It was the first 8chedu1ed appearance of the preside])t 011 the program. and enthusiastic conventioners cheered lustily to indicate full approval of the keynote message "Fearless Against the World Conspiracy”. More tlum 55,000 cl o8ely attended this discussion based on the uigljth chapter of Isaiah's prophecy, wherein is foretold the vain efforts of men and nations to combine in n world uiilt;n for strength. The spirited declarations that Jehovah 's witnesses would not he stampeded into following the crowds in trusting in any such world confederacies, hut that they would stand fearlessly again st tbjs world conspiracy that is actnall - pitted against God's kingdom. drew thunderous applauses from the assembled thousands.

The keynote address made a resound-

Two of Uic pairs of demonstrators that gave practical illustrations of putting Theocrntic ministry traiD^ iug to use in field SEHvice

SEPTEMBER 2:l, 1945

N. IT. Knorr releases JMliel

ing hit with the Assembly, hnt it hardly matched tlip (hdlls that raced throug-h the vast audience at the subsequent evening session. A half hour of singing and experienc*f»-relating soon passed, to nmlw way for tltc’ energetic delivery i.if the discourse "Awake!" This cnll for alertness as to world !ia j/penmgs wns hacked up by L.lu: “Twenty Minutes of News Hems" tltat followed. But An Answer to the Rousing Cnir e-mne in fullness wJen N. H. Knorr stepped to the microphone to deliver tlw extmnport:lncouK speech that was so named. The apex of tlnull::; cmne when the president held aloft tile new magazine Juw/o','1 A::; realization of what was being- released dawned fnllv upon the excited throngs the incTeasing applause swelled to thunderous volume. A glaJ. Assembly ? Overflowingly $0!

Servants’ Deportment Day

Wednesday morning. August 7, varied from the other forenoon sessions by substituting- experiences and three half-hour discourses in Fmgjjsh for the usual morning lielfl service program and foreign-language meetings. These talks :-;et the pace for tt day dedicated to waiters of fiold service, all being on Ute full-time Kingdom work of pioneering. The afternoon session brought to the convention's iiotiee publishers and experiences ftoui different part:; of the earth.

But the deportment of Jehovah’s servants runic; into sharper focus during the evening meeting. It was the time set aside for a demonstration of a model weekly fwrviee meeting of .Tehnvah's witnesses. The speakers' plat I'orm was very l lutroughly converted into a Kingdom H all setting. lip iront of tlw some threescore elmir: for the witnesses playing the role of audience was a piano and the Company ('hart showing the group's activity in field witnessing. On the side wa:-; tile company's Theocratic library, nnd to the wear were such essential de-pnrtnwnts fit; bookrooni, territory, back-call, nnd other local organizational aj‘-rangeiiieiits for Ute efficient conducting of the witness work It was into this realistic setting tlmt early arrivals he-g’an coining about a ImH hour before the sdwdnled time 'nr service meeting to start. Singly and by two's and three's newcomer::; swelled the audience till its l'nll numbers were present. A strong ripple of appreciative laughter swept through tlw observing audience of thousands in thf' Hhulimn as they noted two lateconwj^s make a last-minute rush to join the small Kingdom Hall audience on tlre platform. Even this gave a familiar toucli of' reality. tA-rt nmly the hour service meeting that followed was a good .model for aU companies- to aim at.

Striking the limtle on “Rerwmts' De-portnwnl Day”, the Society's president gaYt'> excellent Hcriptnral admonition to the conventioners regarding- proper de-

Delighted witnesses display thcir !.(ift copies of the' ncw mognzwe .AwnkeJ

portnwnt for tlw Clit’ist iaii. In a powerful presentation that miiwed nu words tlw siwaker clearly showed the sharp, eleun-eut distinction there must he between th:’ Christian and this nndpun old world. The necessity of "Keeping Kn-spotfed I'l'oiii the World’’ \ the title of Hie talk) was established on solid Hihle Jounda tiou, the tex.b al .Taues J : :!li, :21 and ±:4 being particularly Rtre:-si‘cl.

Publishers’ Equipment Dan

The morning program I' or A ii.gnst S reverted ltac-k tn Hue general outlaws t'or 1lw mornings or A ugm;l :) and f;, namely, u iidd service assembly and four meetings in foreign languages. 'l'ltp afternoon session lwJd a grand surprise in stor... Two (lisi’iiurst’s 011 ‘‘Laying- r p.> Sonml \Vi:-;doin" and "Helig-ion versus Sound Wisdom", dealing with tlj<: histoiw uf' the writing of 1lw Bi hie and tlte rooituries-old opposition of religion to the Hiltle, led up and into the third programed discourse. "Kq nipped for Every G uod Wurk." T his linal 1 alk of the sIO'ssinn wm; presented by K fl. Knorr, and st£'a<lily mounted in Its argument toward Ow afternoon's surprise releafSp of a new SEPTEMBER 22, 1!146 book eutitled "Equipped l'or Every Hood Work". 'I'liendu is t'niitniued information on tlw nible, it:.: contents anti hif:-l ury. the time and place rtf' eneli Bible 1 i< H.d( s writing. and w lwm Ootl u:-;ed to Jwn On1 various hooks. The announcement dropped like a buinlishell into the i\ ssrmbly’s midst, ami j he bursting applauses, shouts and whistlings t-!pemed t(, fairly rocd< i\T nnicipal Ntadinm. Wacl-iii’ss had hit a new Ii igh.

Nor tlitl it subside for the fweninp’’ :t>s-:-:ioii, for then, after two preliminary lw lf-hniir discourses, the president again acldi‘PH:-i<'d IIh* convention, 1 hi:.; time on "The I'rohlejns oi" Heeimstriwtion und J’.;xpan;-;ioir. !lappy indeed were .Teho-vali’s wi 1 tjp‘:-::.<:<^s to hear al that tinw hnw tlwir voluntary c-onlrihiititins to the Su-c’iety Jmd been expended in rerunst’net-ing and I'xpnncling- tlw Kingdom work through Branelt organizations worldwide. AnuotuH'i'iiieiit that the lteadtpiar-ter}; Bptlwl hoiiw and factory must soon be enlarged to keep pact- with the in-crcasing \vork delighted all these scores of thousands interested in Jehovah's kingdom service.

"All Nations" Day

Friday, August !), was striking! • different from the other seven eonventiou days. First to di;tingnish it was an early morning discuurse on water baptism, then a moving of many hundreds of candidates for innnersinn to Edgewater Park on Lake Erie. For upward of four horn's complete submersion of the candidates in the waters of Lake Erie continued, til 903 meu and 1,699 women, a total of 2,602, had thus thrabtihed their consecrntion to do .b-ii.-v.-,h> will. Kews-reels in theaters throughout the nation brought this immersion service into wide public notice. But bad< in tlte Muiuci]tal Stadium the day’K program was under way. It was titled '‘The madness of the Nations with His People", and continued over from the morning :-;eHsion into the afternoon un<l eveuing session::;. In aU, the conveutjout>rtiheard the Society's representative::; from 31 diJi'ei'eut countries give ten-minute reports on the Kingdom work in their respective lnntls. 1'he cunulative force and power of the day's program l'teaUily gained monwn-tum, till at the close of the thirtr-lrst speaker's review the internationat scope of the Glad Nations Assemblv was indelibly impressed on every attentive mind.

Capping the events of the day came a surprise appeatanee of N. H. Knorr during the evening :-;cssion, and his malting of several delightl'ome announcements that gave cause for further gladness. Outstanding at this Lime was his announcement of the release of a new Spanish Bible concordance, published by the Watchtower Society to better equip Kingdom publishers working among Spanish-speakijjg peoples.

God’s Truthfulness Day

::aturday morning pnsses, with its assembly for Held service und Jast of tJie series. of foreigii-langiiuge meetings, and we find ourselves once more looking in on an afternoon session of the Glad Nations convention of witnesses. Bv now attptidunctl has climbNl to G7.009, and all sit with unusual expectancy as the principal speaker of thl' afternoon takes up the position before the microphone for his presentation of "Let God Prove to Be True". A1 ready the uttenJiug thousands ha\p heen overjoyed by release of a new Walchtou:er, four issnes of The Messenger, the new magazine Atcake! the new 384-page book ''Equipped for Every Good Work'', nnrl the new Spanish concordance. N evert hto lel's, t.bey remain expectant as the convention roJts through its seventh ilay. TJuit expeetancy met a more than full satisfaction when the speaker, N. H. Knurr, released the second bound hook of the Assembly, ''Let God Be TrwIn In iti'\ 320 pages can be found 24 chapters truati ng all the basic doctrines of thr Bible. In these matters it es lablishetl G ocl'i'\ truthfulness, despi te the contradicting traditions and creeds ol' organized religion. This new book turns the fnll brilliance of the Bible spotlight of truth on these vital and fundnnu>ntnl beliefs ami exposes tlte hea.thenishne!'s of religion's fables. Wlwt a boon "Let Gorl Be True" will be in gathering out religious stones of stmnhling tltnt still clutter the peoples pathway to cleat Bible Imowledge and life under Christ's kingdom rule!

The evening session held interest through its tltree-pnrt symposium on '•Prisoners of tlte Lord". It struck liarcT at the injnstict! heaped upon many Young male minister; of .Jehovah who had suffered federal imprisonment without the right to enter n defense in their behalf at time of court trial. Nomp 4,000 of J e-hovafr’s witnesses have been wrongly sentenced to a total of 12,000 years' penal servitude, becnuse they woui<l not abandon their covenant obligations to serve Jehovnh God. Moreover, courts of the land Uenied these ministers the right to defense hi such courts. Relation of these facts rou;ed the righteous indignation of the conventioners, and the au-

Municipal Stadium during the Saturday afternoon session

dieiwe was in a very recevtive frttiui' of mini for the resolution appealiug for presidential clemency. Th: Assemhly adopted unaninwutily tlw resolution NtU-ing for au appeal to President Tnnnun to grunt full purdojj to the unjustly im-prisom^d 4,000 ministers :Jii(l restore to them tJueir eivil rights. The session was ended by the instructive discourse " Children in the 'Time of the End’’’, which discourse appears in the September 15 issue ol' The Watchtower.

Universal Peace Dfly

Tlte eighth day, the final day of the Glad Nations Assembly, hacl nrrived. No assembly for held service on thlfl morning, for the entire day"s program •was given over to discourses. Six, delivered by representatives from Canada, Cuba. 'Finland, Hawaii, Mexico mid Australia, ••ansed the morning to vuss profitably,

SEPTEMBER 22, 19.46 nml left more iliaii three hours’ intermission before the widely advertised public lecture, “The Prince o'f Peace."

Prior to the deliverv of this discourse by the Society’:' president, the waiting thousand:-: seated Burlv in the stands were regaled by beautiful music supplie d by the convention nrchestra. By this dosing •lay the orchestra. Imd grown to 160 instrnmcntalists, and now their special arrangements of Kingdom service songs ftovNl out nver the loud-speakers to thoroughly and eompJetely delight the listeners. At three o'clock N. H. Knorr started delivering the public lecture, i:o more thna 7G,OOO persons. Latecomer; still poured into the mammoth :-;tndimu, necessitating' for the first time during the Assembly use of the bleacher section that ties together the end:-: ur the huge! donblc»-deeked, horseshoe-shaped covered seetion;, of seats.

A ttendnure mweidvd X0.11110 on this occasion. They heard dpdaivd in no un-C" rtuin terms t liat. jH’at’i’ will Hot eoiiif’ by any world federation c.f nations. hut titat only throng!t J ehovali's appointed "Prince of Peace*’, Christ .lp;-;ns. would lasting peace dotlw lld::-: earth. A tlinr-(ing’h Scriptui't! iirgutnent proved that such hopes in l'hrist’8 kingdom were not wishful tltinking. _\ t the conclusion the fifth i ssue ot' l'ht‘ 31e!f...euuer was released awl a free copy presented tn all in atlt'HdnnN'. Ii eontnint-tl the full text of tilt’ public }r?dui‘i‘ juiit heunl, namely, "The Prinet" nt' Peace."

The Assmildv inly hHvt' passed its trlinmx by ovrnin.g-sc:-:sion time, bnt nonetheless il was Jit tingly rapped by the do:-:ing i't‘}Hii‘f liy Cn}jvei\linn S<-*rv^ ant C. R. Ile:-::-:ler and tilt’ "Farewell Admonition'' given by N. H. Knorr. Outstand ing was President Knorr's diRclo-surt-' ol' a series nf conventions in many tintions during HJ47. And till?' information that lhf.' 1047 convention in the United States would Jw Itpid somewhere in t'al i ft । rnia t ow:h<>il off one of the great-e:-:t bursts of ajiplau::;t- of the entire <.>ight-ila\ Assemhly!

Conclusion

This report has only touche<l on the high light :-; of tlw convention program. Lack of :."jj<tt:i"' forhids extended discussion ot' t lip di:-:eonr:-;cs nr other convcrn-tion adivitieK. However, thf* smootli-miiniiig orguiiizmtimi uf Jeliovnlt's wit-Ht-:-:sps^ usseinhliwi neYPl' fails to <.>xeite iiiiii’h ci'innnent from outsiders. The unitY <i nil :‘!iii wt.lirwss of operation is due to .klwYah's :-:piril upon the mnny department s. H ooming doparlj t wnt secured ae-commodations for over 40,000 delegates. The trailer camp, over two miles long, became a city of more than 2OJOO. Cafeteria fed tens or thousands tlail v. More than a srore or other departinemts insured orderly handling of the crowds and supplying of all tJie conventioncrs' needs. They were staffed by some 15,000 volunteer workers. Typical of comment on the orderliness or Jehovah's witmesses iu convention assembled is the following statement, reportedly made by the Cleveland Auditorium and Stadium commissioner :

Aei'ial view uf part or the two-ruile-long trnilec eawp

During The Watchtower convention we had assigned 24 uniformed guards to the Exposition Halls and Stadium, hut found they had very little worlt, and were really more thnn were needed. Next wecl< we have another convention u preparation, for which we have reserved !'iOO uniformed police guards-and tJiat won't be enough.

a* —wjiGr

Sea Wolves

THE submarine is purely an instrument of warfare with no practical peacetime utility. From the time of Robert Fulton's "Nautilus" to the present the many changes in its design have heen made for the purpose of increasing its range and killing power, while at the same time attaining greater safety for itself. As an instrument of war it has demonstrated 'its death-dealing power during two world \vars.

The first kill of World War H hY .American submarines was on December 15, 1941; the last was listed on August l 4, 1945. Dming that time U. R submarines sank 1,94+ .Japanese vessels of all types, 194 of which were warships, with the consequential drowning or 276,000 persons. American submarine losses in obtaining this score were :i,fi05 officers and men, aml 52 submarines, seven of which were victims o!' operational accidents. Such figures show conclusively that snbmH rines are weapons of offensive warftu’Q as well as defensive.

In reporting tlw Navy’s statement and apology on submarine warfare the New York Times mentioned:

(1) An official admission by the N<ivy t hat the United States hnd violated the London Naval Treaty of 1930 in ordering unrestricted submarine warfare against Japan.

(2) A declaration that we "went the Germans one better" in developing •'wolf-pack tactics”. • • •

In its resume o£ submarine operations, the Navy admitted that ''we were bound by the London Naval Treaty of 1930" not to attack anything “but mi unmistakable m<m of war1'. In the Pueific, however, it would have been "impossible'' to distinguish between Japanese merchantmen and naval auxiliaries, the Nn.vy report snid.

Naval authorities, filled with enthusiasm over their recent successes, are inclined to thenk that future '•capital ships’' will be hnge submarines capable of remaining below the surface [or long periods of time, there discharging atomic rni:;.;siles and guiding them to distant targets by remote control. The prospects of extensively utilizing not only atomic energy hut the new developments hi jet propulsion, radar and sonar have made the future of Ibc submarine lool\ very bright from the militarist's narrow viewpoint Viewed, however, from the vantage point of the Bible the future of tljpg(-\ killers of tJie sea will be as short-l ived a::; earth's mortal war lords.

"He nmketh wars to c‘('.(uiB iwtii the eml of tlu earth; he hreuketh tltt> Ijow, mul cutetth the pear in :mucin: Ite liiii’mflh the chariot iii the fire.

Be still, t.md know that I m (fiid/'-—Psalm 4ll; 9, 10.

SEPTEMBER iS, 1946

Precision-made Ball Bearings

THIS is n fast machine age that literally rolls on hearings. In time of wnr men of science of one nation tty to nutstrip the technicians of other nations in perfecting engines of war, and in so doing they give particular attpntion to the hearings they put hi llieiii. They know t!iat efficiency increases if friction is reduced. fn linie of peal'e, engineers and designers likewise givt> special attention to bearings.

As a practical example of what antifriction or hall bearings mean, :i\lr. \YnU-mar, member of the Society uJ Automotive Engineers, ci ted their hrilliant performance on the railroads. "It has been

found that ten engines equipped with these bearings ean perform the work for which thirty-five were required formerly, while in many iwstances sveed has been doubled. \V(' have reports of ‘rdgbi cars' being hauled from Jjos Angeles to Uhlcago in forty-two hours.”

Ultra-preeision methods of manufacture developed in the last few Tears have maUe it possible to attain extreme accuracy in fittings. In fact, the tolennre of some is so close that an oil-mist spray is employed ns the lubricant. Liquid oil, if used in th t>se typel', would be so thick and gummy it would clog the moving parts.

1'o produce bearings of such accmucy gn^at care is exerdsed from the selection of the raw material right tJirougb to the final polishing. The raw material is a cold-drawn steel n 11 < •> mmally etmtahiing 1 percent carbon, 1.5 percent chrome and .3 percent manganese. It must be able to withstand 300,000 pounds of pressure to the square inch.

The final stage of production is that of polishing the surface of the Lall s to a tolerance smoothness of one-millionth of an incli. Their roundness has a toler-anre of J;J OOOOU of an in('h. This is nc-(•omplished by hold ng the halls between two grooved plates of cast iron for twenty hours. The upper plate is stationary while the lower rotatE's against it. Slow speed and low pressure are employed in this lapping proeess.

Ball bearings like thege whirh approach the mark of perfection arE> finding an ever-hiereasing use iii machinery of every type. There are today more than 7,000 unit sizos with lienring rings or holders from less than one-hnlf inch up to fifty-two inches in dimneter. BesiUes these standard sizf'H there are many others.

The latest is a bearing made up of three tiny shcel 1m1ls each the sizE> of a pinhead. Although 111,000 of them weigh • only a pound., yet they luiVP nn accuracy of 1/25000000 or an iudi. Ro fa r they liaYe heen used only in very ddieate recording instnuuents, sncJi as television and radar equipment, hut watchmakers arE> already thinking of using thE>m in place of jewels in watches. 'They would never crack and would last a lifetime without oiling. Having reached this attainment, research is now looking forward to making balls of the same accuracy, but having a diameter of only 1/64 of an inch.

To emphasizE> the great care that must be taken to make such flawless hearings, 1fr. 'Vollmar ::;aid: “The methods employed are so delicately accurate that the lacquer on the fingernails of a woman inspector, or powder 011 her nose, or n oue-degrQe change in temperature is guarded against lp!-<t it ruin weeks of work by defacing surfaces."

A wag is heard to remark liow strnnge it is that hardened 1'teel halJs, like strong men, can be so l:!asily affected by painted nails and powdered noses of women. Evidently both are •'precision-made".

Judaism versus Moses and the Prophets

JUDAISM purports to be the way to serve God, tie wny taught by Moses and the prophets sent by the Lord lo Israel long centuries ago. Actually, Jn-Uaism is as much a hollow flhell of true worship of Ood tL::5 is the "Christian religion" of this twentieth century. A voice from ,J ewish ranks raises thiH very de-nouiioement of the present ritualistic J ews; religion. It appears in a write-up in the weekly California Jewish Voice bv Dr. Louis G. Reynolds. The writer is somewhat confused in his terminology, referring to the one-tiine true worship of God bv obedience to the Law and prophets as the Jewish "religion"’ whereas actually that true worship was not a "religion" at all. The article follows:

Judaism

The Jewish religion or Judaism has undergone many changes since the days o£ Moses and the Prophets. Its official guardians, like the guardians of the various Christian sects, have submitted it to a severe and radical proc^ of cancellation until today it has become what Isaiah so long ago predicted : 'Precept upon precept, line upon line, here a little and there a little: With mauy of the so-called top-Jews it has ceased to be even that. With them it has become a sort of a pale, indefinite and incorporeal fiction. which expresses itself n costly temples and high-socieQ^ funrtions.

It is interesting to note, at least from a psychological and linguistie point of Yiew, that nowhere in bibiical literature can one find a collective name for the spiritual and social code, which is the essence of the Jewish religion. The only word which may he thus interpreted is "Torah", which is currently trnnsluted as "Law". Actually it is derived from the Hebrew verb "Yoro", which means to hit at the target, i.e., something that has or must have a practical uud useful aim. The word "Yahaduth" or Judaism is of much later origin and occurs for the first time, f my memory serves me right, in Midrash Esther, which, according to many authorities, was written as late as the Babylonian exile.

Be that as it muy, it is certain that already during the heyday period of the Palestinian Jewish commonwealth the Mosaic code as welt as the prophetic preachments had be-guii to undergo a serious process o£ deliberutt substitution. One is nstouudeU to find thut all the kings um1 the entire upper class of Israel and with only two possible exceptions, also those of Judueu. had tinuwn off J ucla-ism with the utmost indifference-one may say with tlw utmost. contempt—and hll'ned to the idolatry against which ltloses and tins prophets had so strenuously warned tlwm. None of their fiery warnings did any good, not even their threats of a divine punitive visitation. Even after the heroic l\:Iaecabeun revolt agalnst the henthen cults it was only the ritualistic and ceremonial items o£ tlw Jewish religion that were restored: the political, social and economic laws remained a dead letter. Thus we see hhow the touch of the ruling classes will vitiate and corrupt and even completely suppress the finest and noblest iilcologies. in Uti'S respect the Jews do not cli.fcr from the Christians. Tlwir respective nrisl ocracies or ruling classes not only dislike, but actual lr abhor au idealistic religion. They arc willing, of cotuse, to u.e-cept and worship a Ood. As a matter of fact they sorely need Him, but He must be a God who believes in reaction, in exploitation, in free cnte^rise and in the profit system.

Thus we sEe before us the sad spectacle of how the unnamed religion of Moses and the Prophets was und is being split up and disintegrated unUer the impact of men who 'call evil gootl and goc>d evil, who put darkness for light' and light for darlmess, who put bitter foi’ sweet and sweet for hitter'. (Isaiah 5: 20) Out oE the wedlock between the Jew-jsh clergy and the Jewish industrialists and merchants a child was born and they called it Juclaism. The word is freely mouthed in Jewish high-society circles. It suggests some relationship witli biblical ideals but when you look for them they an> ns hard to find as are the ideals of Jesus in the Christian ehmdies. The various Jewish sects do not materially differ from one another, despite al their claims to the contrary. They differ only in unimportant and unessential features. The orthodox insist upon an outworn and petrified ceremonialism and upon the minutiae of ritualistic observances. The so-called conservatives or middle-of-the-roaders want the preservation of only a limited and moddified number of the same, while Refonn .Jews represent the great party of total cancellation. Their Jmlnism is a non-existent ghost, a sort of huge spiritual zero, fuU of pomp alll adulation of the propertied Jewish classes.

In the presence of all this spiritual pettifogging and all these pretentiously stentorian claims, the real student of the Jewish religion vainly asks: What has become of Moses and the thundering prophets '? Where can one find that ensemble of laws, which minutely dealt with every phase of pulsating and throbbing human life? l\loses and the prophets laid no great stress upon empty ceremonialism, although they fully realized the importanee of the external visible symbols of the inward and invisible effervescences of the human souL The G8th chapter of the book of Isaiah bears testimony to this fact. The visions of Ezekied, of Micah, of Amos aud nll the other prophets dwell insistently and with unabated vigor upon the Mosaic claim that social justice and political and eeonomic righteousucss are the key to the Jewish religion.

The best definition of 1his idind of religion is given by the prophet Micah in the 8th verse of the Gt.h chapter of his book, where he says: 'He hath Shown thee, 0 man, what the Lord doth require of thee, to practice justice, to love mercy, and to walk humljly with thy God.' The concept of humility as propounded in the last few words is a pungent reproof of the kings, aristocracies and tltt> so-called captniiis of industry concerning thj?ir false and pretentious c.laims of belonging to a class of "betters".

Judaism, Judaism, we constantly hear om1 "betters’1’ month. The Soviet Union, they whine, is destroying Judaism. I wonder what Judaism they are talking about. It certainly cannot be that pale, indefinite spiritual hash, which they dish out in ther fanes and at their brotherhood and sisterhood meetings. This constantly refrigerated fare bears no re-semhlanee to the burning periods of o1 prophets and sage's. According to them jus-Hee, mcrey, square dealing and love of one's neighbor are the core and ]{cruel of the Jewish religion.

Inebriates, Four- and Two-legged

THE marnla tree of Natal hns u fruit that, when it is in n c-t?rt;nin eniidi-tion, mukes elephants tipsy; uud, <>ttrious to relate, the elephants like it.

Also, Natal is a sugar-growing country, uud when the bushbucks visit the plttces where the lees and waste molasses iue dumped, und linger too long, they ulso get tipsy, nml lurch and stagger .around, and paw at their own shadows, and are qililc incapable of any acts of ofteuse or defense. And, last but not least, monkeys also get tipsy, and the natives catch them by exposing home-brewed liquors. It seems thut if once the monkeys get drunk, they arc, after thatJ almost as foolish as certain other two-legged ci‘t>atnrts that have done Uw same thing. The monkeys that get tipsy can get along fairly well with their front paws, but they seem to have no more control over theix1 hind legs thon does some poor sot who has been given the bum’s rusb out of a barroom whei'C he bns left his money, his goo(1 name und his commtiu sense.

ALL being horn in sin and shapen ill iniquity. the nearest any of 11s m I bi: world get to perfection in tissue is in out infancy. From the cradle to the grave we wilk down a path of disintegration and finally, wlieii our heart stops beating, death begins its reign. And by counting oiir heartbeats we ean tell how far along this shadowy path we are. The infant’s heart heats from 110 to 140 times a minute; in early childhood the rate is 100 to lJO; the yvutii s heart throbs from 80 to 90 timet-, a minute; in middle age tJie normal beat is 70 to 75 times: and as old age creeps in the heart sluggishly pumps only about Gil tirnes a minute.

These counts are normal averages and either physical or mental exertion and excitement will speed up the beat. Also diseases of the heart will either slow H down or speed it up. The heart disease known as paroxysmal tachycardia causes the heart to bent between 150 and 200 times a minute. But such rapid heating tears the heart down and does not permit it to liave its normal rest which is very necessary. Ordinarily the heart gets as much rest as the other parts of the body. If tlte periods of tjme between beats were added up they would total between 8 and 9 hours ont of the 24. or about the same amount of rest as the body gets. During these rest periods the heart is nourished and strengthened.

Among the animal creation ilte heartbeat varies quite a hit from that of humans. For example, the Jwrse's heart heats only about half as fast as man's, SEPTEMBER 22, 194() only 28 to 40 beats per minute. A frog's heart ticks only some 20 time8 a minute, •whereas the tlighty mouse's heart sets a pace of from 500 to L000 beats a minute. The heartbeats of birds have also been timed, and it has been learned tJiat the smaller the bird is the faster its heart pumps. The inournijig dove's heartbeat is normally 135, while the ruby-throated lnnmningbinl lias a normal beat of 615. The thoughts of the mind have a great effect on the Tate at which the heart beats. Emotions of love, hate, joy, sorrow and fear make the heart of men ei-tber speed up or slow down, and physical activity and exertion will also cause the heart to work more rapidly. The same is true of other animals. Excitement or exertion will cause the heartbeats of birds to lie greatly accelerated. The peaceful dove with a normal heartbeat of' 136. if excited, has a rate of 570. The heart of the cardinal increases from a basal rate vf 445 to 810 ; the English sparrow's, from 350 to 902; and the chipping sparrow's heartbeat may jump from a normal of 440 to a maximmn of 1,060 when excited.

…