Consolation, August 24, 1938

Download: PDF — Consolation, August 24, 1938

Contents

The Factor of Safety in the Human Body 3

Home and Health 6

Consolation for the Sick 6

Australasia 8

Bali, the Happy Land 9

Animal Husbandry 11

The New Government 13

A World-wide Convention 13

Monessen Takes It with a Smile 14

Asia 16

Where Is the Garden of Eden? 16

Counsel by J. F. Rutherford

"Tower of Religion" 17

China and Japan 18

Big Business 19

Royal Financiers 19

Under the Totalitarian Flag 21

"Forgotten Women" 21

Germany 24

Spain 25

U. S. Judiciary 26

By Trail and Stream and

Garden Path—Garden Visit at Dusk 27

British Comment 28

Twilight—Cover Design for This Number 31

Published every other Wednesday by

THE GOLDEN AGE PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.

117 Adams St., Brooklyn, N. Y., U. S. A.

President Clayton J. Woodworth

Vice-President Nathan H. Knorr

Secretary and Treasurer Charles E. Wagner

Five Cents a Copy

$1 a year in the United States

$1.25 to Canada and all other countries

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS

Remittances: For your own safety, remit by postal or express money order. When coin or currency is lost in the ordinary mails, there is no redress. Remittances from countries other than those named below may be made to the Brooklyn office, but only by International postal money order.

Receipt of a new or renewal subscription will be acknowledged only when requested. Notice of Expiration is sent with the journal one month before subscription expires. Please renew promptly to avoid loss of copies. Send change of address direct to us rather than to the post office. Your request should reach us at least two weeks before the date of issue with which it is to take effect. Send your old as well as the new address. Copies will not be forwarded by the post office to your new address unless extra postage is provided by you.

Published also in Bohemian, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, Hungarian, Ukrainian.

OFFICES FOR OTHER COUNTRIES

England 34 Craven Terrace, London, W. 2

Canada 40 Irwin Avenue, Toronto 5, Ontario

Australia 7 Beresford Road, Strathfield, N.S.W.

South Africa 623 Boston House, Cape Town

Entered as second-class matter at Brooklyn, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

Appetizers

Sick of It

■ "I am sick of reading about the heroine's eyes;" he remarked, as he threw the magazine onto the floor.

"Why, dear, what's the matter?" she asked tenderly.

"Well, first she threw her eyes up to the ceiling. Then she let them drop on the floor. After that she darted them down a long corridor and rested them on the cool waters of the lake. Soon she must have got them back again, for when we next hear of her she was bathing them in sad, salt tears, wiping them, and sweeping them with long, long lashes. Once she was fool enough to rivet them on the dome; and when I left off she was just fixing them to an overmantel.—Answers, London magazine.

Studies in Geography

■ Teacher—Locate Austria.

Willie—Aw, now, teacher! Be reasonable!

Teacher—Can you tell me where Vienna is located?

Willie—I asked Pop and he said "up a tree".

Teacher—Susie Withers, it's your turn. Where is Czechoslovakia?

Susie—Even the Czechoslovakians don't know.

Teacher—What is the capital of Spain?

Susie—Last week or this week?

Teacher—I want to know what city is the capital of Spain today.

Susie—Who doesn't?

Teacher—Arthur Wheems, you are holding your geography upside down.

Arthur—The way things are happening to the map today it's just as easy to study it that way, teacher.

A Dirty Joke

"But didn't you endorse a cigarette once?" asked a reporter.

"Si, si," admitted the smiling tenor. "But remember what I said. I said, 'These cigarettes never make my throat sore.' And that is true, they never do, . . ." laughed Martinelli; "I never smoked anything in my life."—Cleveland Plain Dealer.

CONSOLATION

"And in His name shall the nations hope."—Matthew 12:21, A. R. V.

Volume XIX Brooklyn, N. Y., Wednesday, August 24, 1938 Number 494

The Factor of Safety in the Human Body

IN calculating the strength of supports in the construction of bridges and buildings, architects always provide a large margin of safety. The strength of beams, pillars, trusses and foundations must be not merely sufficient to sustain the weight or strain that they must carry, but far more than sufficient to support the greatest weight or strain to which they can under any possibility be subjected. The builder gives to the supports and pillars five to ten times the strength required to support the weight which they ordinarily bear. This would seem to be an enormous waste of material, an unnecessary expenditure, but experience has shown it to be essential for safety. Emergencies occur which bring unexpected strain and stress upon supports and foundations. Then, too, allowance must be made for the natural deterioration which comes with age; for buildings, as well as human bodies, grow old.

The animal body, considered as a machine, is by far the most economical of all mechanisms. The most economical engine ever constructed does not at all compare with the body in economy shown in the use of fuel. Moreover, when we consider the question of the safety factor in the human body, we find margins of safety far greater than those which are provided in bridges and buildings. For example: Most of the important organs of the body are in pairs, and each one of each pair is more than capable of doing all the work ordinarily required of the two. This is true, for example, of the lungs, the kidneys, the adrenal glands of the kidneys and thyroid glands.

The work of the heart during violent muscular action, when the muscles require a greatly increased supply of blood, may be increased to five times the work required in a state of rest, and, in young and healthy subjects, without the slightest injury to the body.

In some of the organs of internal secretion the margin of safety amounts to ten or fifteen times the ordinary need. The eliminative power of the kidneys is far beyond that usually required. For example: A man of average size, living upon a natural diet, normally eliminates through the kidneys two or three pints of fluid daily. By copious water drinking, this amount may be readily increased to four or five quarts; and in cases of disease, as, for example, diabetes insipidus, the enormous quantity of fifteen or twenty quarts of liquid may be passed daily through the kidneys, and this may be continued for many years without apparent injury.

This large factor of safety is provided, evidently, not to furnish man with a means of unnecessary and extravagant expenditure of vital energy, but for the purpose of enabling him to cope with emergencies, and, most of all, to provide for the necessary deterioration which results from use, thus postponing the fatal day which inevitably comes to every machine, natural or artificial, when the mechanism is worn out at last in some vital point and hence is no longer able to perform its functions.

It is clear that a large margin of safety is essential to great longevity. The man who has the largest margin of safety possesses in this natural endowment a vital capital of the greatest value. This wide margin between the demand which he must make from hour to hour and day to day upon his vital mechanism and the far greater demand which he may make if occasion requires, not only gives to him an unusual degree of stamina and endurance and hence of efficiency when a maximum amount of energy is demanded, but is also a guarantee, barring accident, of an extension of activity and efficiency to the maximum limit of time; in other words, of the greatest possible longevity.

It is evident, then, that a wide margin of safety is not only a most desirable thing to possess, but is something which should in every possible way be conserved and, if possible, improved upon. Certainly nothing could be more unwise than the useless curtailment of one's vital safety margin. This question is one which frequently comes to the surgeon for decision; as, for example, in severe affections of the kidneys in which one kidney is known to be seriously diseased, while the other remains healthy. A healthy man can get along very well with one kidney; even two-thirds of a kidney will perform all the kidney work ordinarily demanded. The writer recalls such a case, in which the removal of a kidney was found necessary, and in twenty-four hours the one kidney which remained was found to be doing more and better work than both kidneys were doing before the operation. But the vital question which interests the surgeon who is about to remove the kidney is this: What is the condition of the other kidney? More than one patient has lost his life after this operation because the one kidney left was unable to do the work required of it. Nowadays the surgeon employs means to inform himself of the exact state of each kidney before the operation; for he knows that unless at least a small margin of safety is left, an operation is likely to lead very speedily to a fatal result.

A most important question, one in which every intelligent human ought to be interested, is: How large a part of his original endowment of safety margin still remains? A man absolutely without resources upon a desert island with a limited food supply may live as long as the food supply lasts, but must certainly die soon after. The very same principle applies to every person as regards his margin of safety. So long as there is a little margin left beyond what the body momentarily requires, one may continue to live; but when one's margin of safety is exhausted, death is momentarily impending. A small extra demand upon the body resources, such as that involved in a short run to catch a street car, a slight cold, a slight indiscretion in eating, bowel inactivity leading to intestinal toxemia, the loss of a night's sleep, an extra cup of coffee, an extra cigar, an extra bottle of wine, or an extra glass of beer—any slight extra draft upon the bodily mechanism may be sufficient to snap the brittle thread of life and end all.

Thousands of men and women have so small a margin of safety that they would be terror-stricken if it could be graphically portrayed to them. These are the people who suddenly collapse, who are reported to die of heart failure. An eminent English authority classified such people as belonging to the morituri. A discreet surgeon is always on the lookout for such patients and declines to operate when he finds the margin of safety reduced to a narrow limit.

The tobacco user comforts himself with the idea that when he finds tobacco is hurting him, he will quit its use. He says to one who condemns the use of tobacco on principle because it is a poison, "Tobacco doubtless injures some people, but it doesn't hurt me. I am not such a fool as to injure my body. When I find tobacco is hurting me, I will give it up." This sounds very well, seems philosophic and reasonable, but as a matter of fact it is a most dangerous sort of sophistry. A tobacco user never finds out that tobacco is hurting him until his margin of safety is used up. He may be likened to a man whose life depends upon a limited store of food, and who has no means of knowing how much he has left, his food being doled out to him day by day as he needs it. Such a man, when expostulated with because of extravagant waste of food, might reply with the argument of the tobacco user, "When I find my food supply getting short, I will cease my wasteful habits." Unfortunately, when he gets to the point where his food supply is insufficient to satisfy his hunger, he will be close to the end. The time to begin to husband his food supply was when the storehouse was full, instead of waiting until only a morsel remained.

The man who uses tobacco, or the man who indulges in any other practice which squanders vital energy, is able to indulge in these wasteful excesses only because he still possesses a margin of safety. He does not appreciate the fact that he is being damaged, because so long as his margin of safety lasts he is not conscious of the harm that is being done. When he discovers that tobacco-using is hurting him, it will be when his margin of safety is consumed. He makes the discovery that he has suffered loss and damage only when the damage is irreparable; for when the margin of safety has been consumed in the extra effort which the body has been compelled to make in defending itself against the ravages of nicotine, it is gone for ever; it cannot be replaced. There may still be left a small margin sufficient to enable him to live for a time under favorable conditions, but the greater part of the vital capital with which he was originally endowed and which was intended to give him long life and efficiency in advanced years has been squandered and destroyed, and can never be regained.

The exact amount of safety margin left cannot be accurately measured, it is true, but it is nevertheless a fact that a reasonably accurate estimate can be made by practical tests. As before remarked, the margin of safety provides not only for length of life, but also for emergencies. It is one of the elements of endurance. A proper test of a man's muscular endurance, for example, is not the amount he can lift—this is simply a test of the size and strength of his muscles—but rather the number of lifts he can make. A man may be able to lift a very large weight which another man cannot lift, and yet the weaker man may be able to lift a smaller weight for a long time after the stronger man is completely exhausted and is no longer able to lift a weight of the same size; so a weaker man may accomplish, through his greater endurance, more work in the aggregate than the strong man.

The smoker can obtain information respecting the state of his margin of safety by submitting himself to a test of endurance. For example, if he wishes to know whether tobacco is doing him injury, before making the discovery when it is too late, let him try this experiment: After smoking two cigars, let him run half a mile. If under thirty years of age, he should make as good time as possible. A person over thirty years of age should make such an experiment with some care; that is, the pace should be moderate. Now, abstain from tobacco for three or four days, in the meantime drinking two or three quarts of water a day so as to eliminate as far as possible the poisonous nicotine which has been stored up in the system and which is daily eating up the margin of safety. After three or four days of abstinence, repeat the experiment and note the difference in the ease with which the run is made, the better time, freer breathing, the lessened excitement of the heart, and the lessened sense of exhaustion afterward. No sprinter dare smoke. No athlete who is in training for an athletic contest is permitted by his trainer to smoke.

What is true of tobacco-using is true of every other practice that unnecessarily expends vital energy, that taxes unnecessarily the poison-destroying and poison-eliminating functions of the body. The fact that many people are able to indulge in smoking and other injurious habits for a considerable number of years does not in the smallest degree indicate that these things are wholesome or harmless, but merely the fact that the particular individuals concerned are by nature endowed with unusually large margins of safety. Men and women differ in relation to the safety factor just as they differ in intelligence, in aptitudes, in physical and mental qualities of various sorts. The idea that anybody may with impunity make use of a drug or indulge a habit which is known to produce harmful effects in a considerable number of persons and upon animals subjected to test experiments is utterly absurd. Human tissues are essentially alike. What is poison to one is poison to another. So-called "idiosyncrasies" are merely cases of special susceptibility; that is, the fact that some persons cannot eat eggs without suffering from distressing symptoms of acute poisoning is not due to the fact that these persons are so organized that what is perfectly wholesome food for other persons is to them a rank poison, but because all eggs contain substances which, under certain circumstances, may act as virulent poisons. The defensive functions of the body are sufficiently active in most persons to prevent the development of toxic symptoms when eggs are used, but certain persons lack this defensive ability and consequently suffer from ill effects when eggs are eaten.

Tea and coffee drinkers, users of beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages, meat eaters, persons who are subject to constipation, those who neglect to maintain heart and lung activity by daily bodily muscular exercise out of doors, those who rob themselves of sufficient opportunity for sleep and rest, or who subject themselves to the destructive influence of exhausting vital drains—such persons are rapidly using up their safety margin, which, when once lost, can never be regained. Many such persons may be likened to those walking close to the edge of a precipice—the smallest misstep will plunge them to destruction.

The margin of safety is one of the most precious of all our natural endowments, and should be most carefully and conscientiously conserved by the cultivation of right habits of life—by "natural" living.—John Harvey Kellogg, M.D., LL.D., F.A.C.S., superintendent of the Battle Creek Sanitarium.

Home and Health

Consolation for the Sick

◆ Dr. X stood on a cold street corner one damp December day; the wind blew and the cement was icy underfoot. It was most uncomfortable, and to while away the time until the person for whom he was waiting appeared he examined the passers-by with the critical eyes of a physician.

Down the street toward him came a young girl of 15 or 16. Her galoshes flapped open, disclosing the thinnest of slippers and openwork stockings of the most transparent weave. Above that she wore a rather light wool skirt, and higher still a hip-length fur jacket, with yards of rabbit fur piled around her neck, almost burying her face, and the whole ensemble topped by a pancake hat. As she passed him she shivered.

"Now that's strange," thought Dr. X. "I was always taught to keep my feet warm and my head cool, but this young creature is reversing the process. No wonder she's shivering."

As the day passed the picture of this silly child remained in his mind, and that evening, when he returned home, he began to reason the matter to a conclusion. "If in the winter," he reasoned, "I have heated my room to a temperature of sixty degrees while outside there prevails a temperature of only five degrees and I leave the window of my room open, the warmth will pass out and the cold will come in until the room is as cold as the outside air. The same must be true of the body. The blood has a temperature of about 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. The ground in winter, on the other hand, has a temperature of from four degrees below zero to forty degrees above. Stone is still colder; colder than that is cement, and coldest of all is ice. Now if I, with my 98.6 degrees, stand or walk for a long time on the cold ground, or, worse than that, on stone, cement, or ice, then the heat is bound to pass down from my body and the cold will come up into me. When this happens the lower organs, and especially the kidneys, will first be deprived of their heat, which passes down through the legs.

"The function of the kidneys is to separate the urine, and through two canals to lead it to the bladder, which then gets rid of the urine through the natural passage from the body. If the kidneys have been deprived of a part of their heat through the cold, they can no longer function, just as a saucepan cannot boil properly if the fire is too weak. The result is that the urine is not properly separated or that too little urine passes off; and the urine that has not been passed, or the matter deposited from the urine, enters the blood, where it does not belong.

"This is the beginning of a very serious chain of events. For, just as a dirt-laden river will carry the dirt as long as the water flows swiftly, and drops it when the flow becomes slower, the blood stream will retain its poisons, until the circulation is retarded. A chill will retard the flow of the blood stream, causing it to deposit its freight of poisons; it will also drive the blood into the deeper parts of the body by causing the contraction of the blood vessels in the skin and muscles. This puts an added strain on the already laboring kidneys, interferes further with the separation of poisons from the blood, and these poisons are deposited in the weakest areas of the body.

"If these poisons or acids settle in the head, we find catarrh, inflamed eyes, pain in the ears, head noises, headache, sleeplessness, or disturbance of the brain. When we remove the poisons, so that they no longer irritate the nerves, these conditions disappear.

"If one has a weakness of the lungs, the poisonous waste will drop there. If the deposit is small, cough, catarrh or cold may be the result. If the deposits are large, asthma and bronchial troubles are caused from the irritation. This shows that not enough waste is passed in the urine voided.

"If the stomach is the weakest area, the waste settling there may cause catarrh, while large deposits can cause cramps, pains, and ultimately even ulcers. We have noticed that extreme nervousness is due to lack of proper kidney functioning; as soon as this is corrected and the waste removed from the stomach and head all signs of nervousness disappear.

"If the deposits settle in the joints, it is usually called arthritis; and if deposited for years, the uric acid crystallizes and forces its way into the bones, causing swelling of the joints and eventually deformity. Rheumatism, neuralgia, neuritis, lumbago, sciatica, gout, gall stones, stitches in the side, varicose veins, skin diseases of all kinds, and affections of the lungs, eyes, ears, nose, teeth and chest are all due to poisoned blood, as are running sores, swellings, boils, headaches, and so on. The only way to rid the body of these so-called 'diseases' is to first clean the intestines, kidneys, and bladder, so as to stop the accumulation of uric acid and other systemic waste products.

"Very often the blood attempts to throw off waste through eczema, herpes, itch, boils, carbuncles, tumors, erysipelas, suppurating abscess, and skin eruptions of all kinds. If we rub salves on these eruptions and succeed in driving the waste in again, we may cause inner inflammation and even death.

"What, then, is to be done?"

Having reached this point, Dr. X could see very clearly what must be done. "The body," he reasoned, "is a machine running on five cylinders—the skin, the lungs, the heart, the intestines, and the kidneys. First, the skin and the kidneys must be assisted to regain their normal functioning by warm baths, hot poultices, and heating salves applied over the kidneys. Thus the uric acid and other systemic waste can be properly eliminated.

"The second step, obviously, is to cleanse the intestinal tract; and since it has been found that salts and oils do not remove the filth from the mucous lining of the intestines, herbs and other natural remedies are indicated."

At this point, just as Dr. X was examining his reasoning and finding it good, a man walked into the office. "Doctor," he inquired, "what would you recommend for hay fever? My wife suffers with it every summer, and we were told that she ought to begin treating it now."

"Does she have many colds?" asked Dr. X.

"Yes, she does, Doctor."

"How about skin eruptions?"

"Well, she has something like eczema."

"Your wife is quite a modern woman, I suppose. What kind of underclothing does she wear?"

"Well, she wears these silk shorts, you know—scanties or something like that—and sometimes she wears a silk shirt."

Dr. X sighed. "My dear young man, if you really want your wife cured, the first thing you must do is to go out and buy her some nice warm underpants. The only thing wrong with her is that she has congested kidneys, like most of our modern woman, and if she doesn't begin to cover them properly, she'll have something worse than hay fever before long."

The husband sighed, too. "Well, I'll try," he said feebly, "but you know how women are about things like that."—Dr. Carl Q. Schilling, New Jersey.

Rolling Pins and Beer Bottles!

◆ A housewife who gets out in the witness work found a new use for a rolling pin. Every night before retiring she mounts the pin with both feet for a minute or two and then climbs into bed without touching the floor. She says it strengthens her tired arches. Maybe if a man couldn't find a rolling pin that he dared to use for such a purpose, he could get hold of an empty root-beer bottle and fill it with water and use that instead. It is said to work fine.

How to Clean Enamelware

◆ Am sending in my subscription again for Consolation; would be lost without it. Here is a good way I have learned of to care for enamelware. Scrape with a razor blade that has a blunt back to it. This will scrape to the surface and not wear off the enamel as cleansers do. Also, when the pans are tarnished, put a tablespoonful of Purex in the pan, run it all over, and wash in good soap suds.—Mrs. C. L. Barker, Oregon.

The Deposit of Soot

◆ In clean areas of large cities the deposit of soot runs about 100 tons per square mile per year; in polluted areas it is often several thousand tons per year per square mile. The cost per citizen for dry cleaning, disfigurement of buildings, damaged merchandise, injuries to plants and grass and loss of ultraviolet light is calculated at about $20 annually.

A Million Stutterers in America

◆ It is estimated that there are 1,000,000 stutterers in America, most of them men, and most of them from homes where two or more languages are in use. Everybody stutters occasionally, and the difficulty increases as soon as one becomes aware of the defect.

Said the Cigarette

◆ Said the cigarette: "I am not much of a mathematician, but I can add to a man's nervous troubles, subtract from his physical energy, multiply his aches and pains, divide his mental powers, take interest from his work and discount his chances for success."

Australasia

Sectarian Schools in New Zealand

◆ People who run sectarian schools should pay for them and get the pupils to and from them the best way they can. That is a price they pay for their sectarianism, and for not being public-spirited. But the sects do not like that arrangement. At Waimate, New Zealand, an official order was issued that pupils going to the parochial school might ride in public school buses when the latter had room. The inevitable result follows that the sectarian boys and girls pile in and the bus fills up and the last pupils of the public schools have to walk. Moreover, the adoption of this practice weakens the local school and in some districts made it necessary to dismiss some of the teachers.

Australian Rainfall

◆ The area of Australia enjoying a rainfall of over twenty inches is eight times as large as the British Isles. The most productive wheat areas are in the sixteen-inch rainfall country, and much wheat is grown in the ten-inch rain belt. The Italians are making good in Australia, but the British people come, try it for a spell, and go back to England. The Australian government accepts married couples from England if they possess £300 or an income of £100 per annum, while single persons must have £50 in their possession on landing.

Jehovah's Kingdom publishers, Australian office staff

The Highest Lighthouse

◆ The highest lighthouse is on Deal island (Tasmania), 957 feet above sea level, and will have 1,000,000 candle power, throwing a light more than sixty miles. Stores for the lighthouse keeper and his family are drawn up the face of the cliff while a truck loaded with earth goes down, balancing the load.

Jehovah's Kingdom publishers, witnessing in the South Sea islands

Buffalo Hunting in Australia

◆ Buffalo hunting goes on in Australia on a large scale. On one station 2,500 head were slain last year, the station manager alone accounting for 1,000. The animals are not native to Australia, having been imported from Timor, Asia, a century ago. But they like the land of their adoption and have multiplied tremendously. They are said to be bad actors when wounded.

Do Not Need Any Gunboats

◆ The 200 inhabitants of Pitcairn island, in the South Pacific, do not need any gunboats. They have seen only one in the last 24 years, and no other evidence that they are a part of the British Empire. The present magistrate of the island is a descendant of the leader of the mutineers that constituted the original population. They get along all right without any means of killing one another, so they say.

Bali, the Happy Land

In a world of strife and unrest it is pleasant to read of a land as yet unspoiled by civilization, declared by travelers to be the most interesting spot in the Orient. Although the harlot of Revelation, now riding the nations, does not seem to have any influence and missionaries are not permitted, at the same time the country suffers from a religion of its own; but this seems to be the only fly in the ointment.

Bali is the name of this country, and it lies in the Sunda islands, latitude 8° 42' S., longitude 115° 19' E. It is a hundred-mile square of tropical wooded mountains and fertile valleys just east of Java. Writers go into ecstasies when describing this little-known spot, and artists consider the Balinese women to be the most statuesque in the world.

Bali is blessed with a gentle climate, fertility and beauty. Gentle living is encouraged, and a simple standard of life is followed. Fortunately isolated from the rest of "civilization", the Balinese have no political feuds, no economic worries, no fears of war, no competition and no discord. Mechanical inventions have not as yet caused crops to be burnt in order to keep up prices, and there is plenty for everybody. Happiness and contentment are the lot of the people. Bali indeed seems to be the nearest approach to Paradise this poor old earth has to offer at the present time.

In his recent book Man, the Unknown, Dr. Alexis Carrel has set forth certain standards for a perfect civilization, and according to these standards the Balinese approach the ideal in their ways of living and working, in their diet, tempo and philosophy. They have not been greedy for trade nor aggressive for conquest, but for 2,000 years have been developing their island and people, until today the name Bali has come to be synonymous with Utopia. The Balinese people are probably the most "natural" people in the world. They are outdoor people with clean, golden-brown bodies gleaming with high lights. They wear no tight clothing and walk with a swinging, perfect balance, due to the habit of carrying burdens on their heads. They are straight and supple, slender and graceful. Both men and women dress in a sarong, a strip of cotton about 40 inches wide and nearly three yards long, falling in flowing folds to the ankles. Usually the sarong is hand-dyed in brilliant designs of flowers and birds or Hindu patterns. A few of these garments, the more somber ones for everyday use, and a few simple articles of jewelry, make up a Balinese woman's wardrobe.

There are seventy percent more women than men in the island, and the former do most of the work. Just whether this is approaching the ideal depends upon one's point of view. However, the men are not lazy and the women do not attempt to dominate the men in authority, although they control the purse-strings and do all the bargaining and business transactions, while the men look after the farms and the irrigation of the land, at which they are expert. The outdoor life has made the women as strong and as hardy as the men, yet they are as straight and slender as saplings, with shapely hands and feet, and are indeed beautiful to look upon. The Montessori system of education seems to have been anticipated in Bali; for children from the age of four and five years are taught to use their hands at some skillful occupation that appeals to them. By instinctive talent they are encouraged to become farmers, wood-carvers, weavers, artists, musicians, and so on.

Mental diseases and nervous disorders are unknown in Bali, as the people live at peace with their neighbors and sleep as relaxed as children. Life in the open air and suitable food keep them in good physical health. There are no beggars in Bali; for nobody strives to become exceedingly rich and so accumulate what rightly belongs to another. The love of money as such does not seem to be the root of whatever evil may be found in that fair land, as money is by no means all-important. Rice is far more important as a means of exchange. If a man has a good wife and family, a home like his neighbor's, plenty to eat and an untroubled soul, what does he want with money?

Although the island lies quite near the equator, the average temperature for the year is only 80° Fahrenheit. Gentle breezes sweep the island from all sides, and the soil is so fertile that there are three and sometimes four harvests a year. Rice is the main crop, and coffee comes next. All—young and old, men and women—share in the work of cultivation. When a crop is ready for harvest a man's neighbors help him until the crop is safely gathered in. Drought and blighted harvests are unknown. Fruits and flowers of all kinds grow in profusion, and a visit to the early-morning market in the woods is a sight that one never forgets.

Peace, beauty and the love of one's fellow men are things which the world will enjoy only when the Kingdom of Jehovah is established in the earth, and the happiness of the people of Bali is nothing to be compared with that which the world of mankind will enjoy in that day when there will really be "peace on earth to men of good will". So, if you are thinking of going to Bali to escape the turmoil and trouble that is in the world today, or the greater trouble which lies ahead, there's a far better move you can make. Take your stand on the side of Jehovah, and come under the protection of His "city of refuge"—unless, of course, you have already done so, in which case you'll not be worrying about going to Bali.—Contributed.

Seventy Years in Australia

◆ Seventy years in Australia, Mary Gilmore, in the Sydney Daily Telegraph, records the following, which, though almost beyond believing, is yet substantially supported by the person sending the information. Said Mary Gilmore:

When a child, I saw aborigines dead in hundreds after drinking from poisoned waterholes. I have seen hunting parties of whites setting out to hunt the blacks. I have heard of hunting dogs being imported from England because of their savagery. I have seen little black children dead in the grass, so numerous that I thought they were dead sheep. I have seen the whole of the walls of men's huts covered with the scalps of aborigines. Once I found a bag full of aborigines' ears, removed like dingo shooters remove the scalps of dingoes in order to claim payment. The bagful was worth £5. I remember worse things.

An Australian Yeast Drink

◆ In three and one-half gallons of good water boil one hour three cups sugar, and in muslin bag one cup hops, half cup wheat and half cup green ginger or a heaped teaspoon ground ginger. Allow to cool and then add one cup yeast. Bottle, tie on the corks and wait two days, or longer in cold weather. I have not discerned the presence of any alcohol in this yeast drink, though there may be a very small percentage on analysis. This drink, very stimulating to the appetite before meals, costs here less than one halfpenny per bottle.—Victor J. Pfitzner, Australia.

The Champion Jumper

◆ The champion jumper is believed to be the tree-climbing kangaroo, found only in northern Queensland, Australia. This creature, three and a half feet long, with a tail often much longer than its body, remains in the treetops in the daytime, but at night feeds on berries, grass tips and wild fruits. It has the usual kangaroo pouch in which to carry its young. One of the most remarkable features about it is its ability to leap eighty or ninety feet to the ground without injury, and then make off like a streak. There is no other animal that can make a leap from such height and survive it uninjured.

Choung Chong's War Decorations

◆ Choung Chong, born in southern China, received four decorations for services to the British cause in Mesopotamia in the World War. When the war was over he thought he might go anywhere any Britisher might go, and moved to Samoa, where he married and settled down to enjoy life with his wife and three boys. Then the New Zealand Labor government decided that he must leave his family and return to China. He died of a broken heart. He could not understand the ways of white men. And who can?

Colonists De Luxe

◆ The United States Government landed seven youths as colonists on the British-claimed island of Canton, and four on the British-claimed island of Enderbury. Each youth receives his board and $3 per day. The islands will be used on the air route from Hawaii to New Zealand.

Straw Houses

◆ Straw houses have made their appearance in Australia. Straw is pressed into boards 4 feet 10 inches wide, any length. The houses are warm in winter and cool in summer, and vermin proof. Any kind of straw may be used. The material does not warp.

Rush of Italians

◆ There is general complaint that from the time the prime minister of Australia, Mr. Lyons, kissed the toe of the pope there have been more Italian Catholics pouring into the country than it is able to assimilate.

Animal Husbandry

A Useful Animal

◆ In the House of Lords, at Westminster, London, facing the throne, is a large, red-covered, ungainly object, on which the Lord Chancellor sits when Parliament is in full session. As its name, "The Woolsack", implies, it is a sack of wool, and should be a reminder to the steel manufacturers, cotton spinners and financiers of England that the wealth of that country was built up upon the wool of her sheep. The word "staple", meaning, among other things, 'center of trade,' 'principal commodity' and 'chief material', was at one time applied exclusively to the wool trade in England. A "stapler", or grader of wool, was originally also a merchant who either bought his wool in England or sheared his own sheep, and who took the bales of wool with him to the "staple town" for sale to other merchants from all over Europe.

"Staple" towns were the centers through which the export wool trade was forced to go, and here the revenue due on wool and fells (skins with wool) was collected. Calais was usually the staple town, and, in the year 1423, was finally established as such. In addition to wool and wool fells, hides, leather and tin passed through the staple, and the bulk of this trade was in the hands of the wool merchants who, in the year 1354, were formed into a corporation under a mayor.

The wool was made into cloth in Flanders and the Netherlands, but later this manufacture was started in England, and grew so rapidly that the great cloth-making cities in the former countries were finally ruined. The manufacture of cloth finally ousted the wool trade as the chief item of export from England.

Sheep provide the world with 1,750,000 tons of wool yearly, but they have other uses. In London they are used instead of lawn mowers. Not by everyone, of course! In the year 1882 the Office of Works decided to allow sheep to graze in Hyde Park's 370 acres, and today the grass in other parks too is cropped by sheep, thus saving the cost of mowing, providing the authorities with a small amount of money for pasturage, and giving the farmers some cheap grazing. In other parts of Great Britain, golf courses, football fields, cricket fields and other grounds which would otherwise need mowing, are grazed by sheep.

Sheep-breeding on scientific lines did not commence in England until nearly two hundred years ago. Some years later, in the year 1794, a man was given a commission and 200 acres of land as an inducement to settle in Australia. He began to breed sheep where the city of Sydney now stands, and, as his stock grew, searched for better fields and discovered the richest grazing lands in Australia. To some extent wool is today doing for Australia what it did for England hundreds of years ago. Australia, with about 114,000,000 sheep, produces a quarter of the world's supply of wool.

Before a fleece can be used it has to be washed to rid it of grease, known as "wool-dirt". Not long ago this grease was a waste product, stopping up the sewers in the wool-manufacturing towns, and a curse in those countries where water was scarce; but in the year 1890 an English chemist was able to produce from this "dirt" fat, now known as lanolin, which is the nearest thing to human fat known and which has revolutionized the cosmetic industry, which now has an annual turnover of millions of pounds sterling.

Rust is said to have been the greatest curse of the so-called "metal age". In one night thousands of pounds' worth of stock can be ruined by damp if metal goods are unprotected. Rust can destroy cargoes of machinery, tools, razor blades and other metal articles unless they are protected with a film of grease, and scientists have found that refined "wool-dirt" is the best substance for this purpose. Thousands of gallons of preservatives, with lanolin as the chief ingredient, are used each year in the protection of metal and metal articles.

In a cruder state this grease is an excellent lubricant and is also used in the manufacture of soap and candles. The fact that rain runs off a sheep's back led paint manufacturers to examine the waterproof properties of lanolin in connection with their trade.

Mutton forms one of the world's most important items of food. The British Empire furnishes just over 80 percent of the total supplies, and Great Britain takes 95 percent of the world's total exports; so it may be said that Britain and sheep are still closely linked together. Thousands of tons of frozen mutton and lamb are exported from New Zealand to England, and the process of freezing is now so highly developed that it is difficult to distinguish between good frozen meat and that which is "home-killed". About thirty years ago meat was frozen and stored in ships, with comparatively little thought, and the process of thawing was carried out with even less care. Today, however, freezing, thawing and proper storage have been brought to a fine art, and good lamb and mutton are within the reach of most working people in Great Britain.

The intestines of sheep make excellent "casings", or coverings for sausage, and what is known as "catgut" is frequently "sheepgut". Quite a considerable industry has been founded on this one portion of the sheep. It is used in surgery and also in the manufacture of tennis and other rackets, as well as for the strings of musical instruments. In one London hospital alone 2,500 lamb intestines are converted each week into a medium for stitching wounds caused by operations.

Sheep's hoofs are used in the manufacture of nitroglycerine and other explosives. Whether this can be termed useful depends upon the purpose to which the explosives are put.

It would hardly seem right to conclude this article without reference to the fact that many of the servants of Jehovah have been connected with sheep. Abel, the first witness for Jehovah on this earth, was a keeper of sheep. Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were owners of large flocks. David was a shepherd and foreshadowed the Lamb of God, Christ Jesus, who referred to His disciples as sheep and foretold the coming into existence of another class of people, "other sheep," who would also be gathered into the fold of which he is the Good Shepherd.

Today we have the privilege of seeing this prophecy in course of fulfillment. All over the world, from Nyasaland to Norway, and the mighty continent of America to the tiny island of St. Helena, people of good will, the "other sheep" to which Jesus referred, are showing their love for Jehovah by taking their stand on His side and telling others of the provision He has made for all who will be obedient to His King, Christ Jesus.—James A. Williams, Lithuania.

New Method of Branding Cattle

◆ The old method of branding cattle with fire-heated branding irons is now gone for ever: the cattle are now being branded with acid, which it is claimed is more merciful.

The Buffalo Rings

◆ When attacked by wolves, the buffaloes always gathered the weak and the young in a group. The strong and sturdy ones then galloped in a circle around the huddled group. Round and round the huge fellows raced, and the wolves could not break the ring. If they got in the way of the flying hoofs they were stamped upon and crushed to death.—Our Dumb Animals.

Fertilization from Afar

◆ Experiments in long-distance fertilization have been carried on in Russia and between points in England and in Poland. It is believed that with the use of airplanes and thermos bottles the fertilization of cattle may be obtained over distances of thousands of miles, and experiments to that end are under way.

Let the Dogs Alone

◆ When you meet a blind person being led by a police dog, have the kindness, in the interest of the blind, to let the dog alone and let it do its work without having to listen to your palaver. When the dog is spoken to by other than its master, it turns and transmits the turn to the blind, thus causing him to stumble in his walk.

Wild Life Likes to Be Wild

◆ The fact that wild life likes to be wild is borne out by the experience of a visitor to one of the national parks. Passing a buck deer he proffered him the apple he was eating, whereupon the buck instantly charged, inflicting serious cuts and bruises. The buck wanted to be let alone.

Bossy Gets the Rind

◆ By the new economy man gets all the grapefruit juice and bossy gets the rind, all dried, salted and ground, and likes it, too. The new feed for cattle is of high food value, increases milk production, and produces better meat.

Galoshes for Cows

◆ Galoshes for cows are made at Bata, Czechoslovakia, in four sizes. Made of rubber, with cork soles, they lace up the front and cover the ankle of the cattle, so as to ward off hoof and mouth disease.

The New Government

World-wide Convention

Direct from Royal Albert Hall, London, England, to fifty carefully selected auditoriums in great cities in every part of the world, will go addresses on Saturday, September 10, and Sunday, September 11, which every reader of this magazine should make it his business to hear. There is nothing else as important.

THIS will be the first time in the history of the world that fifty conventions occur in fifty different cities, yet all under one management and all addressed by direct wire at the same moment, and by the same speaker. Radio will not be used. The service of the loudspeakers at the fifty conventions will be by the incomparable direct wires of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company employed in the transmission of all important international communications.

Royal Albert Hall, London, is the largest and finest auditorium in the world’s largest city. The London public address will be from there. The principal speaker will be Judge Rutherford. His principal addresses will begin at 8:00 p.m., London Time, Saturday, September 10, and Sunday, September 11, and each will last one hour.

The address on Saturday evening (from the convention in Kingsway Hall, London) will be specially for Jehovah's witnesses and their consecrated companions, the Jonadabs, the great multitude whose hopes are that they may be carried through Armageddon, and never die. Surely they have no other interest as great as that. The address Sunday will be on the subject “FACE THE FACTS”.

Is it not high time that honest people who wish to live should indeed “face the facts”? Of what avail will it be to know the facts when it is too late to profit by them? The time to learn the facts is NOW. Take your stand on Jehovah’s side now. ‘If Jehovah be God, follow Him; if Baal, follow him. How long halt ye between two opinions?’ This is the decision all must make, and the time to make it is NOW.

Greatest of All Conventions

In April Judge Rutherford addressed 25,000 people in Sydney, Australia; in June, more than 10,000 in Seattle, Washington; last fall, 30,000 at Columbus, Ohio; but this convention controlled from the platform at Royal Albert Hall will be the greatest of them all—the greatest in number of auditoriums, the greatest in numbers attending (for it is confidently anticipated that by this time every reader of this magazine sees what is impending, knows he must make a decision, and realizes the importance of taking his stand for God and His kingdom), and the greatest in importance, because God's Kingdom that is to fill the whole earth is here and daily growing stronger, and there is no time to lose.

Twenty-three of the cities selected are in the United States, so situated that none will have to travel very far to attend. A list of these cities will be appended to this article. Select the one nearest to you, and, by all means, go. Ask the Lord to help you arrange your affairs so that you may do this, and you will be astonished, if you are fully devoted to Him, to see how this will be brought about. Obstacles will arise, but the Lord is greater than them all.

You will wish to know the time, on Saturday and Sunday, September 10 and 11, when the addresses will begin to come through from the speaker’s platform in London; and so, 8:00 p.m. in London is 3:00 p.m. Eastern Daylight Saving Time in the United States, 2:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time, 2:00 p.m. Central Daylight Saving Time, 1:00 p.m. Central Standard Time, Noon Mountain Standard Time, and 11:00 a.m. Pacific Standard Time.

In the past three months this magazine has added more than 100,000 new subscribers to its list. Every one of these, as well as the thousands of regular readers, should make it a point to attend one of these conventions and take in every session. There is one within a few miles of your home. Make the effort to go to it and to attend every session and participate in every activity.

By attending this convention you will participate in the most unique and tremendous witness to the honor of Jehovah's name that has ever taken place on the planet, and you will be strengthened and comforted for the work that Jehovah has for you to perform. Do you want someone else to do the work you might do and receive the reward which might be yours?

At Each Sub-Convention

At each sub-convention (same as at Sydney, Seattle, Columbus, and all other of the conventions of Jehovah’s witnesses) there will be large auditoriums seating thousands, fully equipped with amplifying apparatus, cafeterias, book rooms, etc., and there will be parking facilities, trailer camps, immersion pools and hotel and rooming arrangements.

For further information, write to the local company of Jehovah’s witnesses at the address below.

Birmingham, Ala.

T. W. Miller, 1515 North 19th St.

Charlotte, N. C.

Lawrence Scarborough,

110 South Church St.

Chicago, Ill.

C. F. Froberg, 1838 N. Fairfield Ave.

Cincinnati, Ohio

J. C. Rainbow, 110 East 8th St.

Cleveland, Ohio

Frederic Thieret, 4306 West 58th St.

Dallas, Texas

Paul Telkamp, 3247 Culver St.

Denver, Colo.

Edwin S. Holt, 2626 West 41st Ave.

Detroit, Mich.

P. C. Truscott, 4809 Grayton Ave.

Hartford, Conn.

L. J. Garlopi, 49 Dean St.

Houston, Texas

Joseph Isaac, 46 Harvard St.

Jacksonville, Fla.

J. E. Grimes, Box 3525

Kansas City, Mo.

F. T. Hoeck, 4254 Jefferson St.

Little Rock, Ark.

D. F. Glenn, 605 Wolfe St.

Los Angeles, Calif.

C. V. Knemeyer, 1553 Livonia Ave.

Minneapolis, Minn.

E. A. Flinn, 2089 Iglehart Ave.,

St. Paul, Minn.

New Orleans, La.

Albert S. Lang, 119 University Place

Omaha, Nebr.

C. E. Knight, 5706 North 27th St.

Philadelphia, Pa.

M. E. Confehr, 5444 Oakland St.

Pittsburgh, Pa.

T. A. McKnight, 1731 Parkfield St.

Rochester, N. Y.

Kenneth R. Curtis, 25 Hartsdale Rd.

San Francisco—Oakland, Calif.

S. E. Johnston, 5323 Estates Drive, Oakland

Tacoma, Wash.

Donald Abernethy, 5611 Birmingham St.

Washington, D. C.

C. C. Eberle, 1603 Massachusetts Ave. NW.

The cities reached will be greatly advertised and greatly benefited by being made convention centers of this absolutely unique system of reaching truth-lovers in every part of the world at one and the same moment. In Australia there will be thousands up at 5:00 a.m. Monday to hear the address which will be delivered at that same moment 8:00 p.m. Sunday night in London.

Judge Rutherford always draws good audiences in London. On numerous occasions he has packed out the Royal Albert Hall, and he is sure to do so on Sunday, September 11; for the British people realize that the time when they must decide has finally come. They can no longer go on in the old paths which led millions of their young men to untimely deaths and have made the world even worse than it was in the days of Kaiser Wilhelm.

It should not need any argument that the forthcoming addresses in London by Judge Rutherford (whose books to the number of nearly 300,000,000 are in circulation in 75 languages) mark a great stride ahead in God’s purposes in the earth. You should not only arrange to hear these at the nearest sub-convention city, but tell your neighbors and friends about it and get them to go along. Surely you know of many honest, truth-loving, liberty-loving people that want to do right. That is the only qualification for attending the convention.

“The Fresh Air of Freedom”

◆ “That funny smell in Jersey City is the fresh air of freedom.” So stated Time magazine in commenting on the free-for-all distribution of leaflets in Jersey City after the Supreme Court through its momentous decision in Lovell v. Griffin had loosened the bonds of restraint upon such worthy practice. And it was a strange and peculiar odor in a town that for twenty-two years had been in the grip of a gag law prohibiting distribution of anything printed or written.

Labor unions, civil liberty organizations, the C. I. O., defense league, league of women shoppers, and other organizations grasped the opportunity to inform all and sundry of their particular gospel: The police were nonplussed. "We're enforcing the Jersey City ordinance, not the United States Constitution," was the statement of one burly bluecoat. He and others changed their song, however, when the city's corporation counsel, after diligent study of the decision, informed Boss Hague that it would be best to comply with the Court's ruling. Therefore, after twenty-two years of subjection to a Fascist ordinance, freedom of the press has come to the prisoners within the gates of the city.

Sixty-five of Jehovah's witnesses in times past have felt the sting of this vicious, illegal law. At this writing they are giving witness to the Kingdom without restraint or interference. For this they are glad, and they likewise rejoice that the victory in their case has brought freedom to others.

The Lovell decision, as Consolation readers know, firmly established the principle that no municipality can rightfully require a permit or license to disseminate information or opinion in printed form. It was tough and bitter medicine for many of the municipal tycoons. They had lordly required fingerprints, photographs and life history from applicants who desired to pass printed informative matter to their fellow men. They had put on the books many ordinances specifically designed to restrict the activities of Jehovah's witnesses. Police and prosecutors were scandalized in their susceptibilities over the audacity of a court restricting THEIR activities. They were pained at the spectacle of liberty, and staggered at the blow to their precious gag laws. Some wailed loudly; some squawked feebly; and some took it on the chin without a quiver.

It is with pleasure and delight that Consolation reports the prostration of soul of some of the sawdust Caesars thus partaking of this fresh air of freedom.

Supreme Court Overruled by Newcorn

◆ "What may be wrong in one state may be right in another. I do not consider this decision binding upon the courts of New Jersey."

That's the way Prosecutor Newcorn, of Plainfield, New Jersey, placed the Plainfield ordinance above the nation's high court.

J. T. Thomason, city attorney of La Grange, Georgia, likewise adjudicated and decreed that decision had no effect on the La Grange ordinance.

Naturally, it would be embarrassing for these gentlemen to admit error. They prosecuted and sent to jail many of Jehovah's witnesses. It's just too bad to admit they were wrong and were parties to illegal prosecution. Face-saving is an old American custom, and these gentlemen of the long robes know how to do it. Nevertheless they are not prosecuting Jehovah's witnesses as of yore. So let them have their little joke and be comforted thereby.

Hoboken Knows When It's Licked

◆ Dreary, dingy, dirty Hoboken, where the judge asks the political boss how much to make the fine, and where honor and honesty are as scarce as dust on the New York harbor, took its medicine without a whimper. Chief McFeely issued a general command to the police force that the ban on distribution of leaflets had been lifted. Although the Statue of Liberty still keeps her posterior toward the town, nevertheless a little of the fresh air of freedom can now be inhaled by its luckless inhabitants. [Relapse in Hoboken, since.]

Edgewater Dies Hard

◆ On or about April 6, 1937, Edgewater, New Jersey, adopted a new ordinance regulating distribution of printed matter. The Bergen Evening Record announced it was aimed at Jehovah's witnesses. It was full of conditions and whereases, fingerprinting and photograph requirements; and the papal aid society fondly hoped it would put an end to exposé of their racket. It was too stringent a measure even for New Jersey courts; and that, dear fellow citizens, is bad, very bad. One Nancy Cox was penalized under it for distributing copies of the United States Constitution in front of the city hall, and a justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court thereupon ruled the ordinance unconstitutional. Then along came the decree of the United States Supreme Court sounding its death knell. You would think that would be sufficient to satisfy Edgewater officials; but they appear stiff-necked and rebellious. They aren't going to let the United States Constitution have rule over them without a struggle. Newspapers announced that the city attorney was studying the matter carefully. Some of Jehovah's witnesses have been taken to the police station and pressure brought to force them to comply with the ordinance, all to no avail. The officials die hard, but in course of time will, no doubt, become reconciled to the benefits of freedom and inhale its ozone with joy and gladness.

Asia

Where Is the Garden of Eden?

◆ Biblical information is very precise: “And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads. . . . And the fourth river is Euphrates.”

Nothing incomprehensible there, so let us start to examine the Euphrates.

Along its present course the Euphrates shows no evidence of either a past or present junction of four great rivers.

In past ages can the Euphrates have extended farther along its course? The answer is yes, and that is the key to the problem.

The Persian Gulf is a basin valley which has been inundated at some past period; and according to geological estimate that inundation has been very recent.

In the Persian Gulf, from Fao, its western extremity, to Ormuz, on the east, there is no ocean depth, no soundings showing ocean trend.

Directly we pass from the Persian Gulf through the straits of Ormuz and into the gulf of Oman we meet true ocean depths.

Undoubtedly the Persian Gulf west of Ormuz was once a basin valley through which the Euphrates flowed on past Fao, onward bordering the Koweit and Hasa territories, on past the northern coasts of Muscat territories, and so outward to its ocean outlet of Ormuz, which was then the northwestern limit of the Indian ocean.

…