Golden Age, August 14, 1935
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The Golden Age
A JOURNAL OF FACT HOPE AND COURAGE
in this issue
THE BIBLE
AND HUMAN RELATIONS
EVENTS IN CANADA
COMFORT
WITH THE CATHOLICS
OF AMERICA
AMERICA'S
HUGE IMPORTS OF FOOD
every other
WEDNESDAY
five cents a copy
one dollar a year
Canada & Foreign 1.25
Vol. XVI - No. 415
August 14, 1935 CONTENTS
LABOR AND ECONOMICS
Canada’s Huge and Increasing Debts 713
Very Low Military Costs 715
Letting the Cat Out of the Bag 718
“Make Money at Home” 718
On Relief 729
SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL
THE BIBLE AND HUMAN RELATIONS 707
Ultra-Conservative Social Program 712
The University Let Shockey Go 718
Civilization in Scotland 719
Hierarchy’s Position on Censorship 719
Comfort 721
Catholics Not Interested in Their Press 726
MANUFACTURING AND MINING
Why Public Ownership Is Wrong 717
More Electricity Being Used 717
New Street Lights 717
Pathetic Eagerness for Work 733
FINANCE—COMMERCE—TRANSPORTATION
High Auto Costs in Canada 714
American Planes Safer and Faster 715
Dutch Plane Service South America 715
More Mail Going by Air 716
The Day of Reckoning 718
Capital Is Still on Strike 718
POLITICAL—DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN
Comments on Canadian Hate Bill 713
Inquisition Re-established in Spain 726
Abyssinian King’s Proclamation 732
No Time to Boast of Prosperity 733
Church Councils Seek Legislation 734
AGRICULTURE AND HUSBANDRY
AMERICA’S HUGE IMPORTS OF FOOD 728
Dust Storms Have Hurt West 730
Wanted to Help His Dad 730
Cotton Picking May Pass Away 731
Desert Spreading in Colorado 731
Perennial Wheat a Coming Blessing 731
SCIENCE AND INVENTION
Doctor G. W. Carver, Chemist 720
Death from Gold Injections 720
Great Changes in Steel Business 720
Liquid Copper Produced 720
HOME AND HEALTH
More American Wines Used 730
No Established Residence 730
Odorless Cabbage Produced 730
Little Home Life in Moscow 732
TRAVEL AND MISCELLANY
Comforting a Bereaved Ewe 712
The City on Wake Island 716
Jewish Immigration into Palestine 732
Cree Indians About James Bay 732
The Saguenay River 732
RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY
Takes His Stand for Baal 722
With the Catholics of America 725
The Confessional in Utah 725
Stigmata Caused by Demons 727
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The Golden Age
Volume XVI Brooklyn, N. Y., Wednesday, August 14, 1935 Number 415
The Bible and Human Relations
JEHOVAH GOD made provision for the marriage of man and woman. Marriage is therefore a divine institution, and questions relating thereto should be settled according to the rule of the Bible, the written Word of Jehovah God. Jehovah first made man and then declared: ‘It is not good for man to be alone. I will make him a help-meet for him.’ He made a woman and brought her unto the man. In other words, God made the man and woman and brought them together that they might enter into the marital relationship.
Since then no flesh and blood relationship between any man and woman as man and wife has been closer, for Adam married a creature of whom he said: “This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh.” (Genesis 2:23, 24) There is nothing in the record indicating that when God made man and woman and brought her to the man a ceremony was performed. Manifestly it was impossible for any man to perform such a ceremony at that time, for the reason that Adam was the only man on earth and Eve was the only woman. (1 Corinthians 15:45-47) “And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth.”—Genesis 1:28.
Cain’s Wife
It is manifest that for God’s command to Adam and Eve to be obeyed it was necessary for their sons and daughters to intermarry; brothers must marry sisters. And they did. Some time after Adam and Eve were driven from the garden of Eden children were born to them, who grew to the estate of manhood and womanhood, and they in turn had children. “Adam . . . begat sons and daughters: and all the days that Adam lived were nine hundred and thirty years.” (Genesis 5:4, 5) The record concerning the birth of children to Adam and his wife is brief. It does not claim to give the names of all their children. Cain is the first one named, and Abel the second. It is certain, however, that other children were born, both male and female, and lived contemporaneously with Abel and Cain. Doubtless both of these men were heads of families. The Scriptures specifically state that Cain had a wife; and she must have been one of Adam’s children, and therefore the sister of Cain.
After murdering Abel “Cain went out from the presence of the Lord, and dwelt in the land of Nod, on the east of Eden”. (Genesis 4:16) Cain’s wife, one of the daughters of his father Adam, went with him to that land. Contrary to uninformed popular opinion, the Bible does not say or even allow that Cain found him a wife in the land of Nod. But, after relating Cain’s flight to Nod, it merely says: “And Cain knew his wife; and she conceived, and bare Enoch: and he builded a city, and called the name of the city, after the name of his son, Enoch.” Despite such a close marriage, the Bible shows that Cain’s offspring were not idiots and cripples and terribly diseased; for some of them were the original inventors and teachers of arts and sciences that have come down to us today. Cain’s great-grandson Jabal was an active fellow, always on the move, he being the first of those dwelling in tents, and a herdsman; whereas his brother Jubal “was the father of all such as handle the harp and organ”, and another great-grandson, Tubal-cain, was “an instructor of every artificer in brass and iron”. (Genesis 4:21, 22) Evidently this was so because the stream of the human family, now flowing, was not yet so far along on its descent from its once perfect source Adam, and hence was not yet so polluted and corrupted and unbalanced as in the days of the prophet Moses, over two thousand years later, when God saw it good and timely to give a law making it illegal for His people to contract such close marriages. (Leviticus 18:1-30) Thus it was that that man of faith, Abraham, whom God counted righteous, married his half-sister; for, said Abraham, "she is my sister; she is the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my wife."—Genesis 20:12.
Bigamy
Lamech was the great-great-great-grandson of Cain. "And Lamech took unto him two wives: the name of the one was Adah, and the name of the other Zillah." (Genesis 4:19) This is the first record of polygamy or of a man's having more than one wife at the same time. But the Bible says nothing in condemnation of Lamech's course. True, Jehovah made just one woman, one wife, for the first man Adam, and doubtless had the human family continued in sinlessness and perfection, this would have been the rule for all human creatures. Also Noah and his three sons had each but one wife when they went into the ark for safety from the great flood. (Genesis 7:13) Nevertheless, undue, harsh and sarcastic criticism has been maliciously leveled at the Bible, and thereby great reproach has been heaped upon the name of Jehovah God, because of the polygamy practiced by faithful men of God in times of old; and the Bible has been classed by self-righteous worldlings of superfine "religious susceptibilities" and "moral sensibilities" as being "not fit to have around the house lest the children should get hold of it and read in it".
Was it wicked, immoral, unclean and illegal for Abraham to have a wife and a concubine, and for his grandson Jacob to have several wives, and also for other servants of the Lord likewise? That is wicked, immoral and illegal which the expressed law of Jehovah God forbids and condemns. From the time of man's transgression in Eden until the time of Jesus and His apostles there is no law recorded in the Bible as given of Jehovah God restricting a man as to number of wives. Rather Jehovah's law given in connection with His covenant with the children of Israel at Mount Sinai recognized the having of a number of wives at the same time, allowed it, and made special provisions respecting it, for instance, as to rights of inheritance of children born to the several wives of a man. (Deuteronomy 21:15-17) Shall mortal man, then, take himself so seriously today as to think he is more moral, more just, more righteous than Jehovah God, who is the only Lawgiver and the supreme Judge of all?—James 4:12; Hebrews 12:23.
Polygamy Abolished
By virtue of the death of His dear Son Jesus on the tree on Calvary Jehovah God abolished the law covenant which He made with the Israelites and under which He authorized the practice of having several wives. Thus Jesus is spoken of, at Ephesians 2:15, as "having abolished in his flesh the enmity, even the law of commandments contained in ordinances; for to make in himself of twain one new man, so making peace"; and, at Colossians 2:14, as "blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us, and took it out of the way, nailing it to his cross". Thenceforth the law of Jehovah God as applying to the footstep followers of His dear Son was as expressed by His apostle under inspiration at 1 Timothy 3:1, 2: "If a man desire the office of a bishop [not an ecclesiastical office, but simply the service of overseer], he desireth a good work. A bishop [overseer] then must be blameless, the husband of one wife." Yet self-righteous men of today and the past ignore the foregoing Scriptural facts; and being brought up in so-called "Christendom", which had adopted the law of monogamy as stated by the apostle, such conceited men misapply this law to God's servants of pre-Christian times and thus condemn God's holy men of old and reproach and ridicule His name and at the same time justify themselves as righteous and moral and self-contained. For the benefit of all such Jesus said: "Ye are they which justify yourselves before men; but God knoweth your hearts: for that which is highly esteemed among men is abomination in the sight of God."—Luke 16:15.
Covenants Illustrated
The fact that Abraham had a wife and concubine at the same time was not condemned of God, but was used of Jehovah to illustrate that He would make a number of covenants. Jehovah took Abraham from the land of Ur of the Chaldees and to Canaan, and there to Abraham He made the declaration of His purpose (His covenant), to wit: "Now the Lord had said unto Abram, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father’s house, unto a land that I will shew thee: and I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and make thy name great; and thou shalt be a blessing: and I will bless them that bless thee, and curse him that curseth thee; and in thee shall all families of the earth be blessed.” (Genesis 12:1-3) This is an unconditional promise that Jehovah himself will bless all obedient ones of the human race.—See Genesis 15:18; 22:15-18.
Abraham’s descendants, the Israelites, were in Egypt by the permission of Jehovah, and when the time came to deliver them from their oppressors in Egypt Jehovah made a covenant with them. Leading that people by the hand of Moses to Mount Sinai, Jehovah confirmed or inaugurated there His law covenant, which is in the Scriptures sometimes called “the old covenant”. (2 Corinthians 3:14, Revised Version) “And Moses went up unto God, and the Lord called unto him out of the mountain, saying, Thus shalt thou say to the house of Jacob, and tell the children of Israel: . . . Now therefore, if ye will obey my voice indeed, and keep my covenant, then ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto me above all people: for all the earth is mine, And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation.” (Exodus 19:3, 5, 6) “And he [Moses] took the book of the covenant, and read in the audience of the people: and they said: All that the Lord hath said will we do, and be obedient. And Moses took the blood [of sacrificial victims there slain], and sprinkled it on the people, and said, Behold the blood of the covenant, which the Lord hath made with you concerning all these words.”—Exodus 24:7, 8.
All covenants made by Jehovah toward man are made for the primary purpose of vindicating His name. They are called Jehovah’s covenants because He is the originator and maker of them, and He takes others into His covenants as it pleases Him.
Abrahamic, Law and New Covenants
The Abrahamic covenant is an unconditional promise of Jehovah to produce by His organization Zion (symbolized by His “woman”) a seed by or through which all the families of the earth may have an opportunity for the blessing of life; the primary purpose of which covenant is the vindication of Jehovah’s name. The “seed” of that covenant is Christ, who is the Savior and Redeemer of man and the Vindicator of Jehovah God’s name. That covenant is unchangeable because bound by the word and oath of Jehovah.—Hebrews 6:13-18.
Because of the abounding of transgression or sin against God’s law, Jehovah added to the Abrahamic covenant the law covenant, made in Egypt with Moses as mediator; and that covenant served as a schoolmaster to lead the teachable ones of Israel to Christ, the “seed” and Vindicator, and that covenant was continued until the coming of Christ. (Galatians 3:19-25) The purpose of the law covenant was to produce a people for the name of Jehovah; hence the primary purpose thereof was the vindication of Jehovah’s name.—2 Samuel 7:23.
At Jeremiah 31:31-34 Jehovah God foretold the making of a new covenant. The new covenant was made in the place and stead of the old law covenant. The purpose of the new covenant was not for the salvation of men, but for selecting a people for the name of Jehovah; which people so selected must be witnesses to the name of Jehovah; and, proving faithful therein, these participate with Christ Jesus in the vindication of Jehovah’s name. The new covenant was made with Christ Jesus at the time of His death, and He is the Mediator thereof.—Matthew 26:26-28; Hebrews 9:14, 15; 12:24.
The Connection
Now, what connection has the foregoing with the fact that Abraham “the friend of God” had—what seems offensive to the self-righteous moral standards of many in “Christendom” today—a wife and a concubine? This: The apostle Paul says: “For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the bondmaid, and one by the free woman; but he that was of the bondmaid after the flesh had been born, whereas he that was of the free woman through means of a promise. Which things indeed may bear another meaning; for the same are two covenants, one indeed from Mount Sinai into bondage bringing forth, the which is Hagar, and the Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia; she answereth, however, unto the present Jerusalem, for she is in bondage with her children; but the Jerusalem above is free, the which is our mother.”—Galatians 4:22-26, Rotherham translation.
Immediately following the above the apostle quotes from the prophecy of Isaiah 54:1, showing that Sarah, Abraham’s wife, represented God’s organization called Jerusalem which is above and pictured by His “woman”. Abraham’s relationship to his wife and to his concubine Hagar and to his later concubine Keturah illustrated God’s relationship to His covenants, which covenants are a means employed to accomplish His purpose of getting a name for himself. Sarah and her son together illustrate or picture the unconditional covenant that Jehovah made that He would produce “the seed”. This seed of promise is foreshadowed by Isaac, Abraham’s son by Sarah, but the true “seed” is Christ Jesus. Hagar and her son Ishmael allegorically represented or pictured the law covenant, which God attached to His original promise made to Abraham. The purpose thereof was to furnish natural Israel an opportunity to produce a people for His name; but that covenant failed by reason of the fact that Israel was made up of imperfect human creatures. This failure of the covenant is illustrated in the fact that Hagar’s son was “born of the flesh”. What the law covenant failed in the new covenant furnishes, to wit, a people for His name, Jehovah’s name.
The Abrahamic covenant was in fact an unconditional declaration of Jehovah’s purpose to produce a seed, and by using Abraham and Sarah his wife God pictured how He would bring forth a seed, which seed was pictured or illustrated by Isaac. God permitted Sarah to be barren for a long while and until His due time to bring forth the typical seed of promise, Isaac. During that period of time Hagar was substituted for Sarah or attached to the Abrahamic household that she might give birth to an heir to Abraham. (Genesis 16: 1-4) The son of Hagar was not the heir of promise (Genesis 17: 15-22; 21: 1-12); and manifestly the chief purpose of this arrangement was to demonstrate that the ‘promised seed’ could be produced only by the miraculous power of Jehovah. In due time Sarah gave birth to the typical seed, Isaac, and this was the result of the exercise of Jehovah’s miraculous power. The birth of that son was a confirmation of the covenant. Isaac was a type of Jesus Christ, the Son of Jehovah God, and who is the promised “seed”.—Galatians 3: 16.
Bible Justifies No Immorality
Any man who would seize upon the historic events recorded in the Bible as a justification or excuse for pursuing an indecent or immoral course would show that he has no faith in God and does not believe His Word and has no desire to obey Him. There is nothing in God’s Word that furnishes any excuse or justification for man or woman to do that which is immoral, improper and wrong.
The accounts in the Bible of the most intimate relations between certain men and women were written not for the purpose of furnishing breezy stories or snappy stories for the entertainment of the foul-minded of today. They were not recorded with a salacious or suggestive intent, nor do they mar the beauty or purity of the Bible as “dead flies [which] cause the ointment of the apothecary to send forth a stinking savour”. (Ecclesiastes 10: 1) Concerning the Scriptures from Genesis to Malachi the Lord Jesus in prayer to God said: “Thy word is [the] truth.” (John 17: 17) And so it is that the written Word of God sets forth the pure unvarnished truth, for the lovers of fact and truth, and not for those of touchy “religious susceptibilities”. “For the word of the Lord is right; and all his works are done in truth.” (Psalm 33: 4) And as for the Bible’s needing to be expurgated or censored or revised because otherwise it is (as the evil-minded consider) “not fit for children to read”, the apostle Paul writes to Timothy concerning the aforesaid sacred books of the Bible and says: “From a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus. All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness; that the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works.”—2 Timothy 3: 15-17.
“The words of the Lord are pure words.” (Psalm 12: 6) The record of Lot and his two daughters is the simple, plainly stated truth, showing the origin of the two nations of Moab and Ammon and the dire conditions which produced them, and that hundreds of years before the “ten commandments” were given from Mount Sinai and to the prophet Moses. (Genesis 19: 30-38) Was the apostle Peter inspired to condemn the man Lot? 2 Peter 2: 7, 8 reads: “And [God] delivered just Lot, vexed with the filthy conversation of the wicked; (for that righteous man dwelling among them, in seeing and hearing, vexed his righteous soul from day to day with their unlawful deeds;).”
The conduct of the woman Tamar, recorded in Genesis 38, is in full harmony with the law of levirate marriage, as expressly stated by Jehovah God several hundred years later in His covenant with Jacob’s descendants in the plains of Moab. (Deuteronomy 25:5-10) “Unto the pure all things are pure.” (Titus 1:15) “Jehovah seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but Jehovah looketh on the heart.” (1 Samuel 16:7, A.R.V.) It could not be right to criticize the Word of God or the course of action taken by certain ones on record therein merely to please the fancy of some imperfect man or to maintain what is claimed to be the world’s standard of wisdom, purity and righteousness. The clergy have criticized much of God’s Word, that they might make themselves to appear holy, wise, pure and great, and that they might receive the commendation of other men. It is better to trust the Lord God, who never makes a mistake, and to know that what He directs is pure, holy, and righteous. “It is better to trust in the Lord, than to put confidence in man.” (Psalm 118:8) In their attempt to make themselves appear as upholding the world’s standard of purity they have made themselves ridiculous in the sight of God.
Ruth and Boaz
Take, for instance, the Bible drama of the beautiful Moabitish woman, Ruth, who forsook her native land in order to return with her mother-in-law Naomi to Bethlehem, the future birthplace of King David and of Jesus Christ. God’s law made provision for a levirate marriage, and Ruth, by washing and anointing herself, and dressing for the occasion of going down to the threshingfloor and lying at the feet of Boaz, a kinsman by marriage, was preparing to be taken by Boaz as his wife by a levirate marriage that very night, and that without the necessity of some sanctimonious and pious-faced, hypocritical preacher’s being present to perform the ceremony.
Scoffers and critics have made much over this, claiming it to be an act of gross indecency. Such, however, have manifested a greater desire for the approval of men than to have an understanding of and to do the will of God. The course advised by Naomi, and which was taken by Ruth, was merely a formal way of serving notice upon Boaz, and of showing Ruth fully submissive to God’s arrangements, and Boaz, being a godly man, so understood it. Naomi, Ruth and Boaz were all devoted to Jehovah God, and, knowing this fact, Naomi did not hesitate in saying to Ruth that ‘Boaz will tell you what to do’. (Ruth 3:1-4) The coming of Ruth to Boaz in the field in the manner directed by Naomi well pictures the willing submission and unselfish devotion to the Lord by those who seek to know and to do His will.
Purpose of Marriage by Substitute
Jehovah’s purpose in the law of levirate marriage was that the fruit should be brought forth, that is to say, that the fruit of the body might be brought forth in the lineage leading up to King David and, in due time, to Jesus, God’s mighty King. Naomi knew, from Genesis 49:10, that the Law-giver must come from the tribe of Judah, of which she was a member, and of which Boaz was also a member, and she was anxious to perform the part that God had assigned to her whether she understood it or not. She was too old to offer herself to Boaz to raise up a child, and therefore she offered her daughter-in-law; and this without doubt she did under Jehovah’s direction. In like manner barren Sarah offered Hagar to Abraham; and also Rachel, because of her barrenness, offered her handmaid Bilhah to Jacob. (Genesis 16:1-3; 30:1-5) Naomi did not want the opportunity lost for a child to be of the royal house, and the only way to avoid that loss was to substitute Ruth for herself.
The later action of Boaz was strictly in compliance with the law. (Deuteronomy 25:7) This does not mean that those other than the Israelites were then or now to comply with the law of levirate marriage. God’s law was given to Israel, His covenant people, and that law was for the purpose of foreshadowing greater things to come to pass. (Hebrews 10:1) The things which came to pass on the Israelites were typical of what would be due to come to pass at the end of the world. “So Boaz took Ruth, and she was his wife: and . . . she bare a son.” (Ruth 4:13) Thus Jehovah showed His approval to give Boaz and Ruth a son, looking to the vindication of His name and His Word that ‘out of the loins of Judah should come a Ruler and a Lawgiver’. It was not the physical power of aged Boaz and of Ruth that resulted in the birth of the son, because it was ‘God that gave the increase’. (1 Corinthians 3:6) Even so it is Jehovah who now has brought forth the mighty One who shall rule all the nations of the earth and who shall be the Vindicator of His great name.
Thus, every-way, the Word of God, the Bible, stands vindicated as pure, holy, honest, true, wholesome and correct and higher than the word of creature man, and shall endure for ever.—Isaiah 40:8.
Events in Canada By Our Canadian Correspondent
IN ACCORD WITH the intimation given through the public press by government officials the Ontario government has canceled all contracts with the private power companies of Quebec, and in so doing has saved the people of Ontario tens of millions of dollars. Speaking editorially of these contracts the Globe of Toronto says, in part:
Whereas Hydro users had every right to assume that their industry would be conducted, as Beck explained, without requiring them to pay the toll levied on patrons of private corporations, they now find they were sold out behind their backs. The contracts made in their name oblige them to pay profits and dividends—to pay even though they do not use the power—to pay such large profits that the promoters of each corporation, as soon as the contract was signed, were able to sell tremendous blocks of securities to the public with the observation that Hydro customers in Ontario would more than pay the dividends. Fortunes were made for the promoters with a stroke of the pen.
The real facts, long concealed, are now coming to light. On Tuesday night Mr. Roebuck stated that under these contracts the four Quebec power corporations will take $380,000,000 from the people of the Niagara district, an amount exceeding by $100,000,000 the entire capital investment of the Hydro in plant. They call for delivery of, and payment for, 916,000 horsepower, although the maximum demand for Niagara power last year was only 833,000 horsepower and the normal operating capacity of Hydro's Niagara plants is 830,000 horsepower.
Ultra-Conservative Social Program
Speaking upon the subject of social legislation in Canada the Saskatoon Star-Phoenix, under the caption "Far Behind", editorially says:
Since the program of social legislation was outlined to Canada by the prime minister, there has been considerable scrutiny of what other countries have done in this direction. The result of such an examination is that Canada is beginning to realize how far behind the parade it has been and still is. Even some of the South American republics are far ahead.
The 8-hour working day and 48-hour working week legislation is about fifteen years behind the times, it having been adopted by the International Labor Organization that long ago. That body is now drafting an agreement for a 40-hour week.
Unemployment insurance, now being enacted at Ottawa, has been in effect for twenty years and more in dozens of countries. European nations have had similar legislation since long before the war.
State sickness and accident insurance has been in effect in a number of countries for quite a while, and not a few have some form of old-age insurance scheme which provides pensions for the advanced years of its citizens.
Recently a representative of the International Labor Organization visited South America, and there he found a number of the republics have excellent social legislation of the kind Canada is now preparing to adopt.
His report covers Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil and Chile. In all four of those countries workmen's compensation legislation is effective and satisfactory. In Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay there is a system of voluntary sickness insurance by mutual benefit societies. In Chile sickness and maternity insurance is compulsory for all workers and the Central Fund of the workers' insurance system is active in organizing medical services.
All four countries have old-age, widows' and orphans' insurance. In Chile these systems are compulsory to wage earners in industry, commerce and agriculture. In Uruguay they apply to workers in industry and commerce, but not agriculture. Brazil and Argentina have made them applicable to a large body of workers in industry and business.
According to the report submitted to the International Labor Organization, legislation in these countries is quite advanced with substantial allowances and pensions paid. The funds are well organized and the administrative standard is said to be as high as in European countries.
It seems that Canada is merely catching up with the South American republics in this matter of social legislation.
Comforting a Bereaved Ewe
A Canadian Press news item from Manitoba tells how a rancher solved his dilemma. It states:
To George Heatley, who for thirty years has raised sheep successfully on his farm three miles west of here, a knowledge of the Old Testament comes in handy in his business. In fact, it's part of his stock in trade.
One of his ewes dropped twin lambs, and another triplets, recently. But both of the first ewe's lambs died. Heatley took one of the triplets and gave it to the first ewe. The anguished mother would have nothing to do with it. George turned to the Bible in his dilemma.
He came to the Old Testament story of Esau and Jacob, which described how Rebekah 'took goodly raiment of her eldest son Esau and put them upon Jacob, her younger son, and put the skins of the kids of the goats upon his hands and upon the smooth of his neck', so that Isaac, feeling Jacob's hands and smelling the smell of his raiment, took him for Esau and gave him his brother's blessing.
Heatley skinned one of the dead lambs and pulled it like a sweater over the head of one of the triplets.
The subterfuge worked, the bereaved mother welcoming 'her' lamb with open 'arms'.
Canada's Huge and Increasing Debts
As one watches the ever increasing burden of national debts one cannot help but wonder how long the people can endure such terrible burdens. In Canada this debt upon every householder totals the large sum of over $3,300 apart from such private debts as mortgages. To give some idea of how rapidly these debts are increasing we quote from an editorial appearing in the Globe of Toronto:
How far Ontario has traveled in the interval of thirty-one years since the last Liberal Budget was brought down in the Legislature is pointed out strikingly in the presentation by Hon. Mitchell F. Hepburn.
The rise in debt totals could scarcely have been imagined by those who heard Premier Ross deliver his Budget address on February 9, 1904. Such figures as these are startling:
1904 1934
Net debt $1,664,000 $358,476,000
Per capita net debt .74 100.53
Population 2,246,000 3,566,000
Assessed value
of all property $897,000,000 $3,183,000,000
An analysis which will be helpful in clarifying perspectives is presented in the statement of gross and net debt at the end of the successive political régimes:
Net debt
Gross debt Net debt per cap.
Whitney, 1914 $ 41,716,000 $ 6,294,000 2.30
Hearst, 1919 97,032,000 13,115,000 4.65
Drury, 1923 291,025,000 100,978,000 33.45
Ferguson, 1930 473,372,000 212,778,000 64.23
Henry, 1934 655,761,000 358,477,000 100.53
Average annual increases in net debt were: Hearst, $1,364,000; Drury, $21,966,000; Ferguson, $15,971,000; Henry, $36,425,000.
An interesting passage in the Budget is devoted to the general position in municipal affairs in the province. The statement of obligations shows the following totals:
Unmatured principal $71,903,498
Overdue principal 11,418,041
Total principal 84,241,539
Overdue interest 3,972,350
Total outstanding principal
and interest $88,213,869
The Department of Municipal Affairs, established in September, 1934, has embarked, Mr. Hepburn remarks, on a program looking to improvement in municipal accounting and auditing, and he comments upon the contemplated measures which will give wider control over municipalities seeking special powers.
By reason of the shifting of the end of the fiscal year from October 31 to March 31, this year's statement embodies an unusual feature: an interim statement for the five-month period. Here ordinary expenditure totals $34,250,028, as compared with ordinary revenues of $26,800,794, a deficit of $7,449,233.
The comparative statement of Budget ordinary revenue (March 31, 1936) and actual ordinary revenue (October 31, 1934) shows an interesting net increase of $9,717,685. On the expenditure side of the table a net decrease of $4,396,256 is revealed.
Comments on Canadian Hate Bill
To give some idea of how far the Devil will go to muzzle freedom of speech in his effort to hold his empire together, we quote the following news item from Ottawa:
Michael Luchkovich, U.F.A. member for Vegreville, today introduced a bill in the House of Commons designed to make it an offense to utter defamatory words against any race, nationality or creed represented in Canada.
His bill, Mr. Luchkovich explained before the House met, "is designed to create better feeling among the races in Canada." He would gain his object through an amendment to the criminal code saying:
"Everyone who utters, prints, publishes, circulates or otherwise disseminates any defamatory matter reflecting upon any person or body of persons of any race or religion tending to degrade, revile or expose them to hatred, injury, insult or contempt among the people is guilty of an offense."
The bill was given first reading.
The fourth column of the Consumers' Gas contains the following interesting comment upon this proposed legislation:
A member of Parliament proposes a bill which would make it a crime to speak in a defamatory way of any race or religion. Behind it is the idea that everybody has a right to his own racial or religious prejudices, and that to disturb them is to invite a breach of the peace. If we are not mistaken, the author of this measure is a member of whom we have spoken favorably in the past. The bill makes it unlikely that we shall ever make the same mistake in the future. It is well meaning, but vicious. Under the guise of promoting and maintaining brotherly feelings it aims a blow at free speech.
We have never been beguiled by the theory that because every man has a right to believe what he likes another man should be forbidden to say that what the first man likes to believe is silly or dangerous or anti-social. The right of a man to believe does not supersede the right of another man to believe that he is in error, and if the matter is to be discussed, to say so.
Irreparable damage to human souls and the progress of civilization has been wrought under the guise that it would be shameful to deprive a man of his beliefs. Time was when men believed that a salve would cure cancer, or that some superstitious incantations, embodied in a religion, would guarantee a fruitful marriage. It was in the public interest that such sacred beliefs should be blown up.
We speak as a Canadian when we say that anybody in this country ought to be free to say that Canadians are no good, and as a nominal Christian when we say that people who do not believe in Christianity ought to be permitted to continue their missionary efforts to wean us from it. Races and religions that cannot withstand the kind of criticism that they are exposed to in this country are not worth preserving.
High Auto Costs in Canada
With the high tariff wall against manufactured goods' coming into Canada from the United States causing among other things the Canadian people to pay approximately 50 per cent more for cars than their American cousins, it is high time the matter was investigated. Concerning this spread the Saskatoon Star-Phoenix says:
The spread in the prices of automobiles as between Canada and the United States is something on which there has been a lot of quiet thinking by prospective or possible car purchasers but about which there has been little discussion.
The announcement from Ottawa that the tariff board has been requested to investigate the spread and its causes should, therefore, be satisfactory to the public and not at all disturbing to those who make and sell cars in Canada. And the inquiry should clear the air considerably, correct any wrong impressions and bring to the fore a number of factors which are frequently not taken into consideration.
This, of course, is quite to be desired. It is safe to say that both the buying public and the makers of cars want the business to be on a fair basis, and the only way to arrive at such a basis, and satisfy everyone concerned, is by a close public examination of the circumstances.
It is generally believed that prices in Canada are much too high when compared with those in the United States. It is usually pointed out that a car which is advertised across the line at, say, $500 or $1,000 costs several hundreds more in Canada, the exact amount depending on point of sale. Certainly figures arrived at in this way are enough to arouse bitter criticism, but it is a rather casual and careless comparison. The situation calls for more exact analysis.
But one or two things should be pointed out even before such an inquiry begins. One is that a comparison of this type leaves out of account the matter of freight rates. The prices set opposite each other should be for comparative points in each country, that is, points equidistant from the place of manufacture. That makes a very considerable difference.
Another angle is that of the trade-in value of the used car. The amount allowed in the United States on a trade-in is said to be ridiculously smaller than that allowed in Canada. The higher amount in this country does not, of course, help the man buying his first car, or who has no car to trade in, but it makes a very considerable difference to the car owner renewing his transportation.
Whether or not this trade-in difference is sufficient to offset the price spread is a matter which calls for study such as only the tariff board can give. If it does, then the man who is renewing his transportation will probably not be greatly affected by any change in prices in Canada. As the price of a new car drops the allowance on his old one will be reduced correspondingly.
But certainly the new buyer has to pay a decided spread. At the present time, after four years in which cars have been used longer than normally, and for some little time in the future, it is probable that the new buyer, or individual without a car to trade in, will be a larger factor in car sales.
These are points worth keeping in mind, and there may be many more of equal importance on both sides of the question.
The appearances are most distinctly that there is a difference in prices unwarranted by costs of production and made possible by tariffs. That is the opinion generally accepted by the public, and the appearances are sufficient to warrant a thorough public inquiry by the tariff board.
Armchair Generals and Their Ties
The same paper, under the caption "Saved Again", makes the following comment:
Canada has been saved again.
Once more the military forces, or at least the higher command, have risen to the occasion, have sprung into the breach, and by supreme wisdom and exquisite tactical judgment have prevented the worst.
The news comes from Ottawa. It is that at long last the great controversy over the exact size and shape of ties for military dress uniform has been settled.
It seems there have been differences of opinion on this question, but with that amazing genius for concealment of their thoughts, which characterizes the higher command, no word of the danger has seeped out to alarm the public.
It was rapidly coming to a crisis which, if permitted to develop, might have disturbed the peace of the country and disrupted the defensive forces. And then what an opportunity there would have been for the Communists!
Indeed, perhaps it was all a dirty Communist plot. But the danger was met boldly. The armchair generals constituting the board of strategy at General Headquarters were undismayed. They called in their sartorial experts. They studied the terrain of the shirt-front and the monkey-jacket. They examined the upper reaches for a jumping-off point and finally launched their attack up the exposed glacis of the Adam's apple.
It was a complete success. The deviators were put to rout and the question settled for all time.
But it is remarkable, when the thing came up for discussion in the House of Commons, that Miss Agnes Macphail did not seize the opportunity for an antiwar utterance. She might have dealt forcefully with the brutality of war and the horrors of a deviating dress tie.
Very Low Military Costs
The Mail and Empire, speaking of the "Great Military Power" of Canada, states:
Every year when the estimates for the Militia Department come before Parliament there are repetitions of what one member called "a protest against the enormous expenditures which are being made in Canada for military purposes". Dr. Manion neatly spiked the guns of the objectors a few evenings ago when he presented the following table giving the present cost per head in various countries for defense purposes: Canada, $1.24; New Zealand, $1.50; Denmark, $2.18; South Africa, $2.20; Australia, $2.40; Japan, $3.70; Belgium, $4.10; United States, $5.60; Switzerland, $6.00; Italy, $8.00; Great Britain and Northern Ireland, $9.50; France, $14.80.
Canada is the lowest in the world. Even Switzerland spends $6 per head, though it must be centuries since she was at war. Yet Canada, with an expenditure of $1.24, is talked about as if she were getting ready for war. "I am sure," remarked Dr. Manion ironically, "all nations are trembling as to what we shall do with this great military power of ours."
Transportation Items
American Planes Safer and Faster
FIGURES of the Bureau of Air Commerce show that American planes are safer and faster than European. Fifty-six percent of American planes are capable of cruising at 160 miles an hour or more, while there are but 33 planes in use in Europe faster than 125 miles an hour. In America, on the average, one may fly seven and a quarter million miles before having to take matters up with his undertaker, but in Britain they come for him after he has flown but two and a quarter million miles.
The Aviator That Lived in a Shoe
IT IS all a mistake; it isn't the old woman that lived in a shoe; it is Paul de Rolleghem, the Belgian war aviator. His new airplane is of the shape of a huge aluminum shoe. It is without engines, but has instead a series of burners. Hot air is forced out of these burners at a fifty-pound pressure. Suction pulls the machine upward and onward. The French government is developing the machine.
Telegrams to Passengers in Flight
IMPERIAL AIRWAYS, LIMITED, receives telegrams while planes are in flight, so that passengers between Alexandria, Egypt, and Karachi, India, and between Alexandria and Cape Town, South Africa, are at all times able to receive messages from anywhere in the world. However, these must pass through certain British offices, en route to the planes.
Landing in a Private Zoo
NEAR the Brooklands (Surrey, England) airdrome there is a private zoo containing hyenas, buffaloes, gazelles, deer, ostriches, and other animals. At least two aviators, in difficult weather, have had the luck to land in the midst of these wild creatures, but both managed to get away safely in their planes.
Lieutenant Agello Still the Fastest Man
LIEUTENANT AGELLO, of Desenzano, Italy, who first made a speed record of 424 miles an hour and then increased it to 440 miles an hour, is still the record holder for speed in the air. He is a small man, only 5 feet 4 inches tall, weighing but 140 pounds.
Dutch Plane Service to South America
THE Dutch have a plane service from Holland to Dutch Guiana, competing for South American trade with the French, German and American services. In a very brief time now it will be possible to go to any corner of the earth, and across any ocean, entirely by plane.
Sirens for the Huge Bridge
SIX sirens, each with sound deflectors 40 inches in diameter, will warn vessels of their near approach to piers of the great bridge between San Francisco and Oakland. Each siren weighs 750 pounds, and requires a 10-horsepower motor to run it.
The City on Wake Island
THE unnamed city on Wake island, 3,300 miles from San Francisco and 2,950 miles from Manila, where the Pan American Airways line will make its midocean stop in the Pacific, can never have more than 266 acres to build upon, for that is all the land there is in a million square miles of which it is the center, but in that acreage there will be a city with smooth, tree-lined boulevards, electricity, cold storage, a hospital, a hotel, letters by air and telegrams by wireless. The population is to be seven whites and five Chinese. A staff was also left at Midway Island, east of the International Date Line. The Pan American Airways have the backing of Morgan, Whitney, Rockefeller and Vanderbilt capital.
More Mail Going by Air
THE reduction of air mail postage to a flat rate of 6c an ounce has resulted in a much greater use of the air mails than before the change took place. In the last month of 1934 the total poundage was 931,425, the largest in history. The United States has now the most efficient air fleet in the world. This year the navy is building, at an expense of $2,800,000, eighty-four flying men-of-war capable of making over 200 miles an hour. They are built to be able to land on either land or sea. They shoot in every direction, four guns.
Build No More Zeppelins
THE New York American lists thirteen zeppelins or dirigibles, lost between 1913 and 1935 with 343 brave men carried to their death, and urges Congress to abandon further attempts to make these foolish things that have thus shown, at least in American hands, and under American atmospheric conditions, their entire unsuitability to any good purpose. As toys to play with, they are a huge success, and have been a gold mine to the Goodyear people, but in actual practice they seem to be of no value.
Towing Planes Up into the Skies
BRITAIN is experimenting on using huge planes to lift heavily loaded mail planes into the air and start them on their way. A plane can readily travel through the skies so heavily loaded that it could never take off under its own power. As soon as the little plane gets nicely started on its way the huge plane returns to earth to take up another little one, and so on.
Brave Attempt to Match the Planes
THE railroads are making a brave attempt to match the airplanes, and doing marvels. If one has the price, he can work all day in New York, leave at 5:15 p.m. by the Pennsylvania Broadway Limited, and be in Chicago at 8:15 the next morning, railway time. He can work in Chicago nearly all day, leave at 3:30 p.m. by the Chicago & North Western Railway, and roll the 409 miles into St. Paul in 390 minutes, landing there at 10:00 p.m., the same evening.
Burlington Means Business
THE Burlington road means business in its effort to recapture passenger traffic from air lines and other competitors. Its fourth streamline train, Diesel-engined, has now been ordered. It will go into service between Chicago and St. Paul-Minneapolis. The streamline train between Kansas City, Lincoln and Omaha operates at a cost of less than half that of the steam trains that it displaced, and the passenger revenue has been more than doubled.
Freeing the Highways of Metal Scrap
AT A COST of 76 cents a mile the state highway commission of South Dakota operated a magnet over the highways of that state which in seven months picked up enough nails, bolts, tacks and other pieces of metal to fill two freight cars. It is figured that the net cost to the state, after salvaging the scrap, was worth all the operation cost in fewer flat tires to motorists.
Details of the Seadromes
IF A chain of seadromes around the world is built, as is contemplated, they will each be 1,500 feet long, with a crew of 43 and accommodations for 100 guests in the hotel. A toll of $70 will be levied for each passenger. The first seadrome will be built between New York and Bermuda, and will cost $8,000,000. Its life is calculated to be 25 years; no taxes will be paid.
Hit-and-Run Drivers in Massachusetts
IN A single week recently twenty-five persons were slain in Massachusetts by automobiles. Most of these were elderly persons who could not move fast enough to suit the speed maniacs that bore down upon them. Five of the deaths were caused by hit-and-run murderers who never even stopped to view their work.
Public Utilities
Why Public Ownership Is Wrong
LITTLE by little the public is learning why it is all right for them to own and operate sewers, pavements, police departments, fire departments, hospitals, etc., where all is outgo, and why it is all wrong for them to own and operate gas and electric plants and other public utilities, where the funds come in every month, regular as clockwork, and the things the people must have are charged to them at three times the price that would be fair. Thus, it would be all wrong for the California public to own their gas and electric plants. If they did, somebody would holler "Bloody murder!" at the idea of paying President Hockenbeamer $70,000 a year; others would holler at paying fifty-seven other officials, engineers, attorneys and managers over $5,000 per year each; and still others would holler at the contribution of $15,523 to the so-called "Edison Electric Institute", under which high-toned name the Power Trust now operates its propaganda against public ownership of public utilities. Somebody would be sure to make a row about $8,139 going to the California Taxpayers Association, than which no name could be more misleading; and some other victim would complain about a contribution of $7,521 to the California State Chamber of Commerce. This is the situation all over California, all over America, and nearly all over the world, but not quite. So it seems that the big officials are not interested in their huge salaries, not at all, but their eagerness to turn over to the public little things like garbage and ashes collections and to keep for themselves such things as gas, water and electric utilities, is because they want the people to dwell together in peace. Ah! That is it! "Blessed are the peacemakers," the utility gang. And what about the people? Oh, the people! Well, "the people can be damned." No, Clementine, they do not say that aloud, but that is the idea.
Where the $1,312,264 Went
THE Federal Trade Commission did not find a record of all the public utility money that was used to bribe educators, but they did find where $1,312,264 of it went. Among the recipients were professors in the universities of Alabama, Pennsylvania, New York, Colorado; also Princeton, Harvard, Ohio State, and Northwestern. Among the givers were the Insulls and Owen D. Young of the General Electric.
More Electricity Being Used
LARGELY as a result of the constant hammering by a few honest editors, the electric light and power companies have been cutting their rates, with the perfectly natural result that might have been expected; the year 1935 opened up with 20,520,870 persons in the United States using electricity in their residences, which is more than ever before in the history of the country. The rates still need to be greatly reduced in order to provide the people with more opportunities to use this blessing, and in the end it will work out better, and does work out better, for the electric companies themselves. Engineers now claim that steam electric generation is cheaper than water.
New Street Lights
A NEW method of lighting streets is being used at Lynn, Mass., where eight lamps have been installed in front of the post office which combine a mercury arc with a tungsten-filament bulb. With the addition of the latter the ordinarily greenish light of the mercury arc is corrected by the red and yellow rays which it lacks. The result is a glowing white light, like daylight, something unusual in street lighting.
Morgan Control of Industry
MORGAN & COMPANY'S 24 partners hold directorates in 89 corporations with assets of more than $20,000,000,000. Two hundred United States corporations control 22 percent of the entire wealth of the country, and will have the rest of it soon.
Japanese Textiles in Argentina
DURING the month of February, out of 26,479 packages of piece goods received in Argentina, 17,600 of the packages, or two-thirds of the whole, were from Japan. Arrivals from Britain were 3,381 packages; from Italy, 3,756 packages.
Huge Profits of Woolworth in Britain
IN THE year 1934 the 598 Woolworth "three-penny and six-penny" stores in Britain made profits of £4,879,950, or about 80 percent on the stock.
White Cloud's Profitable Plant
WHITE CLOUD, Mich., has its own municipal power plant, and, as a result, the town has not had to levy any municipal tax since 1932.
Gangland, Incorporated
The Day of Reckoning
REFERRING to the financial day of reckoning, which he envisions as in the not remote future, Lewis W. Douglas, former director of the Budget, in an address at Harvard University, said:
"When that day arrives, regardless of what the intervention may be, whether an apparent recovery or a slow process of disintegration, the terrific impetus of the economic forces created by an insolvent Federal Reserve system, a bankrupt banking system, a destroyed middle class and no credit with which the unemployed may be relieved, it is difficult to conceive the method by which we may escape from the despotism of a dictatorship."
The University Let Shockey Go
WILLIAM J. SHOCKEY, a Methodist youth, brilliant, capable, came to the conclusion he could not serve Christ and any longer take part in the military activities of Ohio State University, and the university, rather than honor his conscientious scruples, let him go. The university could far better have afforded to let its president go, and retain the youth who had the backbone to stand up for what he knew to be right. He would have been an asset to the university among the weak-kneed and spavined steeds remaining in the stable.
Letting the Cat Out of the Bag
THE World-Telegram, referring to a dispute between garment workers and their employers, involving 375,000 Easter dresses, mentioned that they were made to wholesale at $4.75 and to retail at $6.95, and to look like dresses of higher-priced lines. This tells the public that when the stores have taken off their cash discount and trade discount of approximately 2 1/2 percent (12c) from the wholesale price, the stores then add 50 percent to the net wholesale price to arrive at the price they expect the customer to pay.
Gangs Fight the Children
THE Big Business and Roman Catholic hierarchy gangs stick together in their fight against the children. The National Child Labor Committee, referring to the defeat of the child labor amendment at Albany, said: "Without Catholic opposition, we are convinced, the amendment would have been ratified by the New York legislature, which was Democratic in both branches."
"Make Money at Home"
UNDER the title "Make Money at Home" the Real America magazine gives the names and addresses of a half dozen concerns offering home work to women and all of them swindles in the most absolute sense. Their scheme is to get materials of one sort or another, dress goods, fountain pens, brushes, paints or what not, into the hands of unfortunates, charging them several times the actual value. No work done with the materials purchased is ever satisfactory to the persons that pretend to offer employment.
Capital Is Still on Strike
THE most selfish and cowardly thing on earth is capitalism, with the single exception of the Roman Catholic hierarchy. That capitalism is entitled to this bouquet is proved by the fact that during 1934 the deposits in the Federal Reserve banks rose $6,700,000,000 while the loans of those same banks decreased $800,000,000. Capitalism hasn't even got sense enough to do the only thing that will keep it alive. It's only motto is "Grab all; hold all."
"Page Andrew Mellon"
SOME Golden Age reader hands in a Toronto (Ontario) item reading: "Robert Jackson, who stole four pencils from a department store, today was sentenced to seven days in jail"; and then, for some reason not stated, marked the clipping, "Page Andrew Mellon." This leaves the situation confused. Nobody ever accused Andrew Mellon of stealing four pencils.
The Du Pont Gang's Country
AT THE Senate munitions inquiry in Washington a memorandum from one of the Du Pont gang, K. K. V. Casey, to another made the quite truthful statement, "This is our country, not that of Congress." That is pretty rich. All the real Americans can do about it is to exercise their right of free speech while they yet have it, for all know that the gang told the truth.
Ought to Be Able to Live on Their Wages
THERE were 600 executives in the United States that in the year 1934 drew wages of $10,000,000. Seems as if they ought to be able to live on that, and they probably do. The thing most interesting at this time is the question as to whether, with things as they are, the rest of the country can pay so much.
Social and Educational
Civilization in Scotland
SAYS H. H. Johnston, in London Tid-Bits: "In June last year, by the waterfront of the one prosperous fishing port of Fraserburgh, I saw four hundred crans of newly-caught herring (all together some 300,000 fish) being dumped with sinful abandon into the sea. My inquiry brought the amazing reply that there was no demand for them, and that prices were poor. The following morning at seven o'clock, in one of Glasgow's busiest and proudest shopping thoroughfares, I watched with shame a band of decent-looking men, women and children rummaging avidly through the garbage bins outside provision shops in the grim hope of finding some scraps of meat, or bone, or bread. And remembering those 300,000 fresh herring, I turned away sick with disgust, pondering on the word 'Civilization'."
Actors Protesting Against Free Radio Shows
THE Columbia Broadcasting System is now operating two playhouses in the Times Square area, to which audiences are admitted without charge, and the National Broadcasting Company has several large studios in Radio City for the free accommodation of audiences. The Legitimate Theatre Code Authority is now protesting against these free shows, on the ground that a large potential audience is attracted that would otherwise attend the legitimate theaters.
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