Golden Age, September 12, 1934

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Golden Age

A JOURNAL OF FACT HOPE AND COURAGE

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in this issue

SALES PROPAGANDA KEEPS MILLIONS ILL

EVENTS IN CANADA

THE DEAD

NOTES ON NEWS

OBEDIENCE

YIELDS CHOICEST GEMS

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every other

WEDNESDAY

five cents a copy one dollar a year Canada & Foreign 1.25

Vol. XV - No. 391 September 12, 1934

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CONTENTS

• • 04G) • ■ ■■ ■ ■ ■ ......... • • •

LABOR AND ECONOMICS

Highest Government Costs in 14 Years.......788

England Plans to Rebuild . . . 789

SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL

Not Quite Stationary.....787

Prohibition of the Truth . . . 787

Vacuum-cooked Wheat .... 790

Convenient Source of Calcium . 790

Good Substitute for Coffee . . . 790

Hint on Stove Cleaning .... 790

Cancer Increase in Australia . . 791

Raw Scraped Potatoes for Burns . 799

Cheapest and Best Mouth Wash . 798

A Few Uses of the Lemon . . . 799

Want to Die of Bright’s Disease? . 799

FINANCE—COMMERCE—TRANSPORTATION

Earnings Eight Times as Much . 788

British Post Office Savings Bank . 789

Martyrs’ Shrine Bonds .... 792

POLITICAL—DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN

Uncle Sam Enters Side Door of League

The Alien Sailor Racket .... 788

The Mileage Allowances .... 788

John Hanson, First President . . 788

“Men’s Hearts Failing Them for Fear”

True Briton at the Microphone . 789

Wai- Is on the Way

Baldwin Has It Right . . . . 789

HOME AND HEALTH

Sales Propaganda Keeps

Millions III (Part 1) ... 771

Foreglimpses of the Coming Day . 787

Too Old to Serve in Civil War . . 787

Valuable Hard Times Recipes . . 790

Rhubarb Conserve......790

TRAVEL AND MISCELLANY

Events in Canada.....780

Misled About Canada’s Motor Road 781

Barry Opposed to Idolatry . . . 786

Is It True that “They Satisfy’’? . 787

Zaro Agha Dead at Last .... 787

Peyko Neychoffski

Highest Waterfalls

Glut of Money in South Africa . 791

Militarism in China

Dangerous to Resign in Cuba . . 791

Berlin Fountain of Fecundity . . 791

RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY

The Dead

First Steps in Christianity (?1 . 7SG

Bargain Day for Masses ....

The Modesty of Peter

Would Have Inquisition Reestablished

Obedience Puts Choicest Gems in Memory's Casket . . . .

Letters Received at Paris . . 797

••oxQ* ■—- ■ —■ • ••

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The Golden Age

Volume XV Brooklyn, N. Y., Wednesday, September 12, 1934 Number 391

Sales Propaganda Keeps Millions Ill

In Two Parts— Part 1

IN THIS issue we present, in condensed form, the record of thirty wholesale poisonings due to the sales propaganda of the aluminum trust. These resulted in the known death of 13 persons and the serious illness of 2,759 others, but this is but a fragment of the damaging evidence against the use of aluminum cooking utensils which is steadily piling up.

Herewith are the names, and we have the full addresses in our tiles, of 45 that have been cured of stomach troubles, nausea, retching, vomiting, and indigestion of many years’ standing, by the simple expedient of ceasing to use for culinary purposes the metal that was slowly killing them.

Herein are references to 23 cases of cancer, ulcers, tumors, carbuncles, boils and swellings cured by the same means.

The poisons ingested by aluminum-poisoned food go the length of the body, cropping up in various ways, according to the natural constitution of the ones affected. Nineteen of the cases which follow were of headache and loss of mental power, with blindness in at least five instances, for periods from a few hours up to nine months.

The mouth, of course, was a great sufferer. Twenty-three mention the great relief which came from no longer having sore lips, sore mouth, sore tongue, bleeding gums and tonsilitis when they stopped overdosing themselves three times a day with aluminum sulphates, aluminum chlorides and aluminum hydroxide.

In 24 cases the heart and respiratory organs bore the brunt of the heavy burden of the slow but steady poisoning of the whole system. Palpitation, trembling, sinking spells, shortness of breath, chills, colds and attacks of the flu, all stopped when the cause was stopped.

In the effort to throw off the load of poisons 35 were subjected to such severe pains in the bowels, diarrhea, loss of weight, anemia, bloody

flux and unnatural hunger that, to use their own words, they were in such misery that they did not care whether they lived or died. Imagine the joy of these sufferers to be completely rid of these discomforts that had been with them for years.

Twenty-one of these reports are of excessive burdens on the kidneys, bladder, and liver, all working faithfully to throw off their share of burdens they were never designed to bear. Twelve others had skin eruptions, cracks and sores due to the same cause, and, finally, there are 26 whose nervous systems were completely upset, resulting in exhaustion, dizziness, semiparalysis, irritability and fainting spells due to their efforts to help pay the salaries and commissions of the clever salesmen who have put millions in the invalid class and caused, without a doubt, many, many thousands of deaths and ruined lives. For convenience, the evidence in this issue is arranged in alphabetical order of the 62 states, provinces and countries from which the evidence was gleaned.

Doctor Betts’ Important Discovery

Doctor C. T. Betts (dentist), of Toledo, Ohio, his health gone, his life at stake, discovered that it was his aluminum kitchen outfit that was killing him. In eight weeks from discontinuing its use he was on the road to recovery, and now looks the picture of perfect health. Like any honest man who clearly sees a great truth, he tried to get his discovery before the people. The Golden Age first gave wide publicity to this matter.

Doctor Betts is now the recognized authority on this subject. He refuses to put aluminum plates in any mouth, on the ground that they have often resulted in cancers. His opinions are fully supported by many eminent physicians and chemists quoted or mentioned in this article; in his own state, Dr. Josef Reed George, of 771

Cleveland, Dr. J. M. Morgan, of Toledo, and Dr. H. C. Temple, of Alliance.

Some of the tests which he recommends: Stir the whites of three eggs with cup of butter; add the juice of one lemon and sufficient cream to make a salad dressing; stir in an aluminum dish until thoroughly mixed; cook in the same dish fifteen minutes; look at it, taste it, note the color, throw it out. Shake a pint of sweet cream in an aluminum shaker fifteen minutes; let stand five hours; look at at; smell of it; bury it. To get the verdigris off your utensils, cook tomatoes, rhubarb, apple sauce in them; but don’t eat the verdigris, which is then in the food. Mercy, no! Throw the food away. Dr. Betts says some of the aluminum utensil manufacturers admit the metal is poisonous and are gracefully changing over to stainless steel. They should be encouraged in this. To test an aluminum utensil, he recommends preparing a shrimp salad in one; let the salad stand twenty-four hours; have the salesman eat it. If he is alive the next morning the dish is all right; but if he is dead the dish should be thrown away.

Recipe for group poisoning: Prepare fricasee of chicken with veal or pork and gravy in aluminum utensil; season well, and let stand some hours. Usually one in four will succumb, but where the food is allowed to stand twelve hours or more every person who partakes freely will be made ill.

Dr. Betts, like ourselves, has received many letters from people who have benefited from discarding aluminum utensils, and estimates that not less than 1,500 persons have accepted his personal advice and regained their health thereby. He recommends as desirable utensils pyrex, earthenware, Griswold cast-iron ware, Old English, Kochfix, Household Specialty Company, Columbian, Savory, Allegheny steel, Volrath, Polar and Balance and Grosjean ware, and there may be others.

Alabama, Alberta, Arizona, Arkansas

Mrs. F. C. McCumber, of Alabama, writes that, having discontinued the use of aluminum utensils and alum baking powders, and derived great benefit therefrom, both for herself and family, the family visited relatives, most of whom still used aluminum utensils. Soon the whole McCumber family began to feel the effects; both the children started breaking out with huge boils and Mrs. McCumber herself had a severe attack of stomach trouble and a fever accompanying. This has made her determine to cut out visiting hereafter, as being positively unsafe. Others have written us similarly.

Mrs. L. P. Fogarty, of Alberta, writes that she and her four children were subject to mouth cankers for four years; her ten-year-old son had them down the throat as far as one could see, and they rapidly got more severe and larger. At that time her kitchen was full of aluminum utensils. Upon discarding it all the cankers and the continual attacks of tonsilitis to which the family had been subjected disappeared.

At Olds, Alberta, a group was poisoned at a banquet in honor of Hon. F. S. Grisdale, minister of agriculture. Details just at hand from the Winnipeg Free Press Prairie Farmer say the majority of the 250 guests were stricken, and that “according to stories from Olds, the chicken was cooked in metal pots and left standing in them.” Notice the careful concealment of truth.

Mrs. J. A. Ladd, of Arizona, writes that within five weeks after discontinuing the use of aluminum utensils there was a great improvement in her husband’s general health; he was able to sleep eight hours at a time, which he had not been able to do for years; his stomach condition was better, accompanied by an itching sensation as though the ulcerous condition— incipient cancer (?)—was healing.

Helen von Fichthenthal, expert nurse, of Arkansas, writes that at Bauxite is a lake created by excavating aluminum ore. It has been stocked with fish time and again, but they all die, and so does every living thing that tries to make its home in this aluminum-impregnated water. Yet men, the silly sheep, dump carloads of alum into city water supplies supposedly to make it fit to drink. Some of the overflow of the Bauxite lake was turned into Hurricane creek, theretofore always full of different kinds of fish. From the time the aluminum waters were turned into the creek not a fish could live in it, and not even a snail or a frog.

Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil

H. W. Allison, of Australia, writes: “I was much interested in the articles on aluminum, as I myself am a chemist. I no longer use aluminum.” This ought to be very convincing. It is noteworthy that Belgium and Brazil prohibit the use of aluminum compounds in foods, on account of the injurious effects of aluminum sulphate, aluminum chloride and aluminum hydroxide formed so readily by cooking eggs, salted meat, etc., resulting in nausea, ulcers and acidosis leading possibly to cancer.

Eduard Sykora, of Vienna, Austria, thinks that anyone who will cook fruits or fruit juices for a sufficiently long time in aluminum vessels, or let such fruits or fruit juices stand in those vessels for twenty-four hours, will know better than to eat any of the contents, which, by then, will have become nauseatingly distasteful. He says that no wine connoisseur will so much as taste wine that has been kept in an aluminum bottle.

British Columbia, California

Mrs. Charles Simpson, of British Columbia, bought a heavy waterless aluminum cooker and teakettle, and within a month thereafter her husband never had a well day. She says: “He would get up feeling not too bad, take about two cups of hot water out of this accursed kettle, and by ten o’clock could not sit up.” He lost 35 pounds in weight, his muscles wasted away; he had an uncontrollable thirst. In seven weeks from the time the aluminum outfit was ditched he was as well as ever and had gained fifteen pounds of the lost weight.

Mary E. Ekstrand, of California, canned beans in a jar with an aluminum lid; in time the lid was eaten full of holes. She churned cream in an aluminum utensil; both the butter and buttermilk resulting were so black she threw it all out.

Mrs. Daniel Toole, of California, said that her hubby ate some mayonnaise that had stood all night in aluminum and that she came mighty near losing him as a result. Wives who wish to get rid of their husbands now know what to do.

Mrs. Viola Chritton, of California, noted that her husband suffered terribly with his stomach, and every morning, after drinking his coffee, made in an aluminum percolator, became so dizzy he had to hold on to something to keep from falling. Since throwing out the aluminum poisoning apparatus he had no trouble with his stomach, and not even one attack of dizziness.

S. A. McKenzie, of California, got to the place where no food nourished him, he was hungry all the time, and so exhausted he would rather fall down than lie down, had a cold all the time, and a headache, and at times his mind would not function. He had pains all through his body, and great cracks between his toes. He got entirely well when he junked his aluminum utensils.

The mother of F. A. Robbins, of California, died in eight days after she was given a tablespoon dose of alum(inum) powder by mistake for Epsom salts. An hour after the dose was taken she began vomiting blood.

Mrs. H. S. Clark, of California, writes that while she used aluminum utensils her husband ate nothing at night, claiming that everything he had eaten at noon was still in his throat and sour; he was bloated, and suffered much pain, and she herself was similarly affected. All these difficulties cleared up when the use of the aluminum utensils ceased.

David Davidian’s Investigation

David Davidian, of California, investigated forty blocks of his home city after his wife recovered from stomach ulcers and sinking spells following the ditching of her aluminum utensils. His child of two years was cured at the same time, and by the same means, of peculiar sores in and around the mouth and swelling under her arms which the “child specialist” could not understand or correct.

Davidian found hundreds of cases of continual sore throat, vomiting, sick headaches, pains in the bowels, the limbs and other parts of the body, swelling of ankles, sour stomach, loss of weight, griping in stomach after drinking alumi-num-percolated coffee, nervousness, anemia and very pale complexion, and in every instance found they cooked their food in aluminum and, in the worst cases, were accustomed to let it stand in aluminum. Some of these had spent thousands of dollars for the services of the physicians who so insistently rush into print with the statements that aluminum utensils are perfectly safe for the people to use.

One woman who said to Davidian, “Damn the Bible; I have a boil on the back of my neck right now,” was interested immediately when he said to her: “Madame, do you use aluminum cooking utensils; do you suffer from stomach trouble and pains in the bowels ?” She admitted that she did, and in a few minutes took several pieces of literature, and, when he left, said, “I am glad you came.” Poor things; they only wish to live.

Dr. William A. Dewey, M.D., of Los Angeles, is wise. He says: “It is necessary to avoid aluminum dishes and utensils in the preparation of the food for a cancer patient.” He might have truthfully added that there are now many cancer patients who would almost certainly have been in good health if they had never come in contact with such utensils.

Mr. and Mrs. W. B. Collins, of California, paid $40 to a specialist to find out why they had suffered for five years from deranged digestion, palpitation of the heart, hot and cold flashes, cold feet and hands, constipation and headaches, and why their children had catarrhal conditions affecting their entire alimentary canals, resulting in colitis and bloody flux. The specialist never found out. Why should he ? But when the Collins family ditched their beautiful aluminum kitchen outfit they all got well.

N. A. Yuille, of California, suffered for years from a serious stomach inflammation, which a long fast seemed to remove. At length it returned, but on discarding aluminum utensils it disappeared again; and now he writes that he does not know he has a stomach, and both he and his wife are enjoying better health than for a long time.

Dr. George Starr White, of Los Angeles, does not allow his patients to use aluminum utensils.

Colorado, Connecticut, Costa Rica, Cuba

At Denver, Colorado, 44 clubmen, after a banquet on the best foods that money can buy, had the violent nausea, retching, cramps and hemorrhages which commonly follow the eating of foods cooked and stored in aluminum utensils. The “health authorities” (excuse us while we laugh, please) never found out what caused the trouble, and never will. Why learn something that you have solemnly determined never to learn? But if the clubmen had summoned Dr. J. H. East, of that city, he could have told them; for he knows, and so does every Golden Age subscriber of that city.

Dr. Frank P. Underhill, professor of pharmacology and toxicology, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, has the truth on this subject.

F. A. Swathel, of Connecticut, writes that within a few weeks after leaving off aluminum a gastric ulcer which had been active for ten years became dormant or was healed.

Henry Steele, of Costa Rica, suffered for years with a pain in the right side of his abdomen, which some thought to be appendicitis and some thought hernia. The hernia guessers won, enough so that Steele wore a truss, but without results. His wife noticed that when she boiled cocoa in the aluminum pot it always looked as if the milk had already been placed in it. At length all aluminum utensils were disposed of, and appendicitis and hernia disappeared together and Steele got well.

A neighbor of F. G. Robinson, of Cuba, cooked vegetables for Belgian hares in an aluminum pot. As the food was too hot to serve at once, it was put away till the next day and then fed to the hares. The hares both died as a result of their aluminum banquet.

Czechoslovakia, District of Columbia, England

Czechoslovakia, progressive and intelligent, prohibits the use of aluminum compounds in foodstuffs. In this country everybody is afraid because the Mellons control some $8,000,000,000; therefore little is said, but the Treasury department did at one time admit that food should not be left to stand in aluminum dishes. Two men on record at Washington as having the truth on this subject are W. D. Bigelow, director of research laboratory, and Dr. E. C. Folkmar, M.Ph.

Comical things happen along with the tragedies. A couple got their eyes open. The next day, at the home, the wife packed the new and handsome aluminum set off as a gift to her mother-in-law and, at the office, the hubby, not knowing of the gift, wrote to his mother telling her of his discovery that aluminum ware is poisonous, and to discontinue its use. The esteemed mother-in-law received the gift of the utensils and the letter telling of their poisonous nature at the same moment. This happened in a family at that time high in the official life of Washington.

G. Donaldson, Ph.C., M.P.S., London, after explaining at length the chemical reactions involved, says in The Healthy Life: “Since our vegetable foodstuffs contain alkaline salts and chlorides, it will be evident that aluminum utensils are not suitable for the cooking of vegetables and potatoes.”

Dr. Alexander Francis, M.D., London, claims to be so sensitive to it that he can tell by sampling any article of food whether it has touched aluminum. In his own case, and in that of six patients, he found that the stopping of the use of aluminum vessels put an end to abdominal pain.

In England, at present, the cancer death rate is five times what it was before aluminum cooking utensils came into vogue. England prohibits the use of aluminum compounds in foodstuffs.

As we go to press we have reports of between fifty and sixty people poisoned in the Lincolnshire (England) villages of Welton, Dunholme, Snarford and Faldingworth, one of whom, a man 83 years of age, died. We do not know the cause of the poisonings, but it is attributed to food, and we have no doubt it was food of good quality which had been turned into poison by being kept in aluminum vessels after first being cooked therein. The more widespread the propaganda that aluminum is perfectly safe for cooking purposes, the greater will be the harvest for the doctors and undertakers.

Joseph Izzard, of England, had a child, fed by bottle, that passed water of unusual odor and color. The physician prescribed, to no avail, but when the baby’s milk was prepared in an iron pan instead of an aluminum one the child’s trouble disappeared as by magic.

In any factory where aluminum wares are made it is common for the workmen to have fingers that remain sore for weeks at a time.

John Spofforth, L.R.C.P., Edinburgh, M.R.C. S., England, writes in The Lancet of a man of 46 whose job was that of dipping red-hot metal articles contained in an aluminum holder into concentrated nitric acid. The man was in a state of great exhaustion, suffering from severe and persistent vomiting, loss of memory, tremor, jerking movements, and incontinence of urine. A chemical examination of his urine showed a large amount of aluminum.

Aluminum chloride is formed in the stomach when aluminum hydroxide is redissolved by the hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice. Dr. Herbert Snow, M.D., of London, England, is authority for the statement that “aluminum chloride is a powerful narcotic poison”. The British War Office has permanently discontinued the use of aluminum water bottles. They discovered that when wine was carried in those bottles, and afterward was drunk, the men were made deathly sick.

Edwin Whibley, of England, writes that he was severely poisoned, with almost fatal results, and is now a complete physical wreck consequent upon the use of aluminum cooking-ware.

Dr. Leo Spira, of Vienna, now in England, has published at length on the “Clinical Aspect of Chronic Poisoning by Aluminum and Its Alloys”.

Florida and France

Dr. S. R. Love, St. Petersburg, Florida, writes of a patient suffering at intervals from acute digestive troubles. At length it transpired that when he was in the north, where the cooking was always done in iron utensils, he was always well; when he returned to Florida, where the cooking was always done in aluminum utensils, he was always sick.

Dr. Love himself is so sensitive to aluminum poisoning that one meal cooked in the ware will make him ill. He says: “When I keep free a long time I have a keener relish and enjoyment of food, but when I have been free a long time and get one meal contaminated with aluminum it ducks me under more completely than if I had been continuing its use right along in a groggy, semi-paralyzed condition.”

Mrs. Mabel Travis, of Florida, suffered from numb hands and feet, headaches, trembling spells and dizzy spells; her husband also had spells of heart tremble, liver ailment, rheumatism, indigestion and bowel trouble. But when she discarded her bright, pretty aluminum cooking-ware, all these diseases entirely ceased.

Fort Lauderdale, Florida, dumps 40,000 pounds of alum into its municipal water supply every three months. It is a marvel that anybody is able to live there at all. Some of the inhabitants protect themselves by drinking rainwater instead.

Mary Ann Mustard, of Florida, found a case of aluminum poisoning where the ankle and wrist joints became swollen and when cut open ejected blood and pus, some of them as many as seven times. When the utensils that caused the trouble were disused the troubles cleared up, except the left hand, which is now permanently useless.

Janies Russell Price, of Florida, says humorously and poetically: “I took two pails of water, and set them side by side, one porcelain, one aluminum; the mosquitoes could decide. The wrigglers came by thousands inside the porcelain pail; not one in the aluminum to wag its tiny tail.”

Dr. Charles B. McFerrin, publisher of National Health Review, Orlando, Florida, has the truth on this aluminum-compounds-in-foods question. In his new book, 100 Points upon Health, four pages are devoted to poisoning by aluminum.

France prohibits the use of aluminum compounds in foodstuffs, and the French Congress of Medicine has officially set forth the announcement that “colloidal hydrate of aluminum absorbs hydrochloric acid”; thus, in effect, stating that aluminum cooking utensils are unfit for human use.

Georgia, Germany, Hungary

Ellen Williams, of Georgia, 65 years of age, became blind and semi-paralyzed. Two years after discarding aluminum utensils her sight returned and she was gradually regaining the use of other portions of her body.

The state chemist of Georgia found more than two ounces of aluminum poisoning in the organs of W. J. Williams, and stated that half that amount would have been sufficient to cause his death. The state chemist is a brave and honest man, and will no doubt lose his job for having told this truth.

Germany and Hungary both prohibit the use of aluminum compounds in foodstuffs. Dr. von Puetensen, official doctor of the palace of the governor of Bavaria, in a review covering six issues of the Berlin Deutsche Aertze-Zeitung, concludes that damage to health from the consuming of foods or drinks which have been kept in aluminum dishes is to be expected.

Idaho and Illinois

Mrs. George W. Smith, of Idaho, cooked wheat flakes in an aluminum kettle and let the food stand, to see what would happen. In ten days the kettle had six large-sized holes in it. If you don’t believe it, try it.

Mrs. C. I. Allen, of Illinois, for years was a sufferer from stomach troubles and headaches and was much emaciated. When she gave up aluminum utensils these troubles left her and she increased in weight from 100 to 128 pounds.

A little advertising booklet entitled “The Precious Metal of the Kitchen” says, on page 10, that the great Edgewater Beach hotel, Chicago, is one of the world’s famous hotels where all the cooking is done in aluminum; and the manager of the hotel, in answer to a personal letter, says that none of the cooking of the hotel is done in aluminum utensils.

Earl F. Paulson, of Illinois, had a skin disease that for eight years baffled the best skin specialists in Chicago. He kept getting worse instead of better. When the last of the family aluminum ware went into the alley his skin began to heal, and in six months was clear. Until then his mother was often ill with intestinal trouble, but has had no attacks since.

Mrs. E. Pierce, of Illinois, took two plants, slips of the same size, from the same soil, and gave them the same care, one in a regular plantdish and the other in an aluminum dish, and stood them in the same window. The one in the plant-jar grew rapidly and beautifully; the one in the aluminum dish stood still, and would have died, but after some weeks was transferred to a regular plant-dish and became as beautiful as the other.

Frank Harper, of Hlinois, repeatedly drank at night coffee made in the morning and allowed to stand during the day in an aluminum coffeepot. Taken suddenly ill with chills and fever, he vomited a black substance and his color became greenish. The doctor in this case, an honest and courageous man, unhesitatingly pronounced it a case of aluminum poisoning. He is liable to be thrown out of the Medical Association for admitting this.

The Experiments of Doctor Wood

Dorr E. Wood, LL.B., D.O., D.C., M.D., of Illinois, believes that the use of aluminum is bad for the health of everyone, and submits a list of experiments which will prove it to anybody: Tea looks cloudy instead of clear when made in an aluminum pot; a fresh egg smells bad when fried in an aluminum dish; apple or rhubarb sauce turns dark green when left standing in an aluminum dish; cranberries turn from a bright red to a black color; bread dough gets black when rubbed on aluminum; angel-food cake looks dark, with dark streaks through it, after the batter is stirred in an aluminum dish; peeled potatoes left standing in water in an aluminum dish overnight turn yellow, and after being cooked, turn black; vegetables boiled until dry in aluminum are covered with a light “frost”, or powder; lemonade made in aluminum has a very bad taste; butterscotch pie filling boiled five minutes, then stirred five minutes in an aluminum dish, will turn from a rich brown to a dark green color; cabbage boiled in aluminum turns the dish black; one’s hands will get black simply from carrying an aluminum tray in a cafeteria; the hotter and cleaner the tray, the blacker one’s hands become; tomatoes, apple sauce or rhubarb boiled in aluminum five minutes will make the aluminum dish bright and clean; the aluminum dish in which cherries are boiled and allowed to stand twelve hours will be full of little pits or holes, apparently eaten in; jello allowed to cool and stand in an aluminum dish eighteen hours tastes bitter. More tests are suggested by Doctor Betts, of Toledo. See under Ohio.

Although he would far rather we should keep silent about it, Dr. H. A. McGuigan, professor of pharmacology and therapeutics in the University of Illinois, at Evanston, made statements which were published in his books, as follows, pertaining to the matter of ingested aluminum compounds:

When aluminum compounds are taken internally, the action is due to chemical local action on the stomach and intestines, the acid liberated upon the union of metal and protein penetrating to the tissues with an astringent effect. The local reactions are loss of appetite, pain and discomfort, nausea, vomiting, purging, congestion, hemorrhages resulting from irritant and corrosive action. Ulcers may result from bacterial action on dead tissue.

Plenty of Illinois Evidence

There is plenty of Illinois evidence that aluminum is of no good for humans. Dr. Wm. H. Burt, M.D., Chicago, in his book Physiological Materia Medica, says that alumina produces great dryness of the secretions of the mucous membranes and most profound prostration of the animal nervous system.

A. C. Cowperthwaite, M.D., Ph.D., LL.D., in his Materia Medica and Therapeutics, says, “Alumina affects directly the motor nervous system, giving a paralytic condition, but it shows its most specific action upon the mucous membranes, and of these the intestinal and vaginal are principally involved.”

Dr. Harry G. Wells, pathologist of the University of Chicago, states: “My opinion is that aluminum compounds are poisonous to all forms of life, including the higher animals.”

Dr. P. L. Clark, M.D., has done much good broadcasting over WWAE the truth as to how aluminum has been and is breaking down the health of the people. It is a wonder somebody has not killed him before now for some of the truthful things he says about some of the humbugs of our time. He fired all aluminum out of his hospital, after which a persistent poisoning of his own body soon cleared up.

Dr. Wm. Held, of Chicago, was one of the first of the M.D.’s to get his eyes open to the evils of aluminum utensils, and has written powerful articles on the subject. See his “Disease and Early Grave via the Modern Kitchen”, published in The Golden Age No. 213, issue of November 16, 1927.

Indiana, Iowa, Italy

After the death of twelve-year-old Helen May Oliver, of Indianapolis, from alleged appendicitis and a ruptured stomach, Dr. Julia C. Eberle visited the home and found that the only cooking utensil in the home was a perforated aluminum kettle in which the food of the family was prepared. Another of the family nearly died. It was a clear case of aluminum poisoning.

G. Y. McCormick, of Indiana and other places, points out that no other metal oxidizes as fast as aluminum, that one never sees aluminum flatirons, because they would ruin clothes, and that it just does not seem like common sense to cook in something that smuts off so rapidly, albeit the rust is gray rust instead of the red color associated with iron.

Aluminum bases on electric sweepers have been discontinued because they turned lightcolored rugs dark. Some people have much more consideration for their rugs than they do for their stomachs.

Mrs. W. Carnes, of Iowa, writes that she used to doctor all the time, but has not had a physician since she quit using aluminum utensils. Victor C. Myers, professor at the University of Iowa, has the truth on this subject.

W. V. Daniel, of Iowa, writes: “For five years I had terrible pains in my stomach, and for the greater part of that time I was unable to eat oranges, lemons or green onions, but within one month after discontinuing the use of aluminum cooking vessels I could eat anything, and within one year I could walk without a cane, two of which I had been compelled to use for over five years.”

Alum, indispensable in the dyeing of fabrics, is not so indispensable to the human stomach. For centuries the European alum industry was under exclusive papal control, and when a Britisher found a supply of the mineral in Yorkshire he was solemnly and vigorously cursed by the “pope”.

Kansas, Kentucky, Kenya

Some years ago Bennington, Kansas, had a Memorial Day poisoning. Fifteen persons were made seriously ill by eating good food which was spoiled by being cooked in new aluminum cooking utensils, allowed to stand in them and warmed in them. Not a word of this got into the papers. Even the local papers refused to print the truth about it when brought to their attention.

Mrs. E. Maercker, of Kansas, injured in an automobile accident, nearly died of aluminum poisoning because all the food in the hospital where she stayed was cooked in aluminum. We do not know whether Mrs. Maercker was cared for at the Bell Memorial hospital, Kansas City, Kansas. Sixty-five persons were recently stricken there by what we believe to be due to food cooked in aluminum and allowed to stand in the vessels in which it was cooked. An official of the hospital said, “We use a great number of aluminum cooking utensils in this hospital.” If interested in keeping people sick we should wish to go into the hospital business and use aluminum utensils exclusively.

J. A. Fehr, of Kansas, hardware merchant, ceased selling aluminum utensils, his most profitable line, after discontinuing their use in his own home and taking note of the improved condition of his health and that of his family. A customer, similarly benefited, earnestly urged him to accept $5 compensation for his advice that, to end her stomach troubles, she use some other kind of utensils for but thirty days.

At Kansas City, Kansas, out of 554 guests at a banquet, all the food for which was carefully selected by experts and cooked in brand new aluminum ware, 150 persons became ill within twenty-four hours: a typical aluminum poisoning case.

Mrs. Maude II. Carder, of Kansas, ordered to submit to an immediate exploratory operation, as a last desperate effort stopped cooking in aluminum, and immediately began to get well.

Miss Eva Wynn, sixteen years of age, died at Cumberland College, Williamsburg, Kentucky, when 33 others were made desperately ill from eating food left in an aluminum receptacle. After the death the college authorities ordered all aluminum dishes removed and white enamel ware substituted.

Edward B. Crawford, of Kentucky, pioneer, and his partner, were both made ill from eating a fine chicken, specially baked for them in an aluminum dish by Jonadabs, who intended to be only a blessing to them.

Mary F. Myers, of Kentucky, found that birds refused to use an aluminum basin for their bath, but when she substituted one of galvanized iron, of the same size and shape, they came in flocks, enjoying it immensely.

In Kenya, darkest Africa, the natives refuse to have their food cooked in aluminum, preferring to carry infinitely heavier iron vessels for miles.

Louisiana, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland

At a picnic at Little Woods, Louisiana, 22 New Orleans young people were made deathly ill by drinking punch from an aluminum bucket.

Fred F. Dearborn, of Maine, was nearly dead from stomach and liver trouble, and so low he was unable to leave the house. After throwing his aluminum cooking kettles on the dump he regained his health and was able to return to work. One year when the bees did not have enough honey he fed twelve swarms with sugar dissolved in an aluminum pitcher; every one of these swarms died. Saddest of all, he had a dear little boy who lived just 28 days because his milk was always warmed in an aluminum cup.

Alden McGrath, of Maine, was continuously under medical care foi' alleged nervous indigestion, renal stones and sinus troubles, but all of these “imaginary” difficulties cleared up completely when he discontinued the use of aluminum ware.

Charles Tovey, of Manitoba, seriously injured by a premature blast, bought a new aluminum kettle in which to sterilize the water and cotton with which to bathe his injured eyes. Infection arose and three operations were necessary, but when the aluminum vessel was no longer used the eyes began to get better at once.

Mrs. 0. B. Holbrunner, of Maryland, writes that her father, continuously ill for thirteen years, during all of which time aluminum ware was used exclusively in the home, was alleged to have cancer of the stomach, but, as he was 73 years of age, it was thought not best to operate. However, she threw away her aluminum ware and bought enamel ware in its place; her father got well and the “cancer” disappeared.

May Berg, of Maryland, writes that two beautiful Troller or Chesapeake ducking puppies went on a strike for twenty-four- hours and absolutely refused to touch a nourishing meal specially prepared for them in an aluminum utensil. They turned down a fine meal of meat, vegetables and corn meal, but greedily devoured plain corn-meal mush and milk cooked in a vessel fit for the purpose.

Massachusetts Wholesale Poisonings

Despite the wise counsel of Dr. Edward S. Wood, of Harvard Medical School, and Professor Lewis B. Allyn, town chemist, of Westfield, the citizens of Massachusetts hold to their inalienable right to kill themselves in whatever

September 12, 1934 way they elect, and so we have the wholesale poisonings such as occurred at the Ford plant at Somerville, 60 persons ill, and that at Natick, 74 persons ill, the latter poisoned at a unity church supper from choice chickens, prepared by an expert cook, cooked in an aluminum kettle and kept in it until the hour for the poisoning had arrived, because it was the only dish available that was big enough. By the way, it is now almost impossible to get the good old-fashioned iron pots, the iron from which not only did not harm the user, but actually benefited him.

The Institute of Technology of Massachusetts, under the direction of Prof. S. C. Prescott, made a three-year examination at a cost of $30,000, to determine why coffee becomes poisonous when made in certain utensils. He examined coffee made in aluminum, glass, earthenware and enamels. His verdict was that coffee made in the metal container so commonly used in our homes today has a ‘'disagreeable”, “puekery,” “bitter,” or "metallic” taste. He found that a certain corrosion remaining inside the pot goes into the next brew, producing a form of metal coffee poisoning. He found nothing but scorn for the ordinary coffee percolator because it is universally made of metal. The professor examined only one metal (aluminum). He made his findings entirely upon “metal” containers; so he very carefully concealed the word “aluminum”.

J. V. Pelletier, of Massachusetts, took treatments at the Massachusetts General Hospital, for bladder and kidney trouble, without getting any results, but when he quit drinking coffee made in an aluminum coffeepot he got well.

An aluminum salesman told II. W. Newcomb, of Massachusetts, that when he drank in the morning a portion of liquor that had been left overnight in an aluminum shaker he became so ill he thought he was going to die.

Michigan Poisonings Also

The sovereign citizens of Michigan feel that if Massachusetts people can ignore the advice of such men as Dr. Wood and Prof. Allyn, there is no reason why they cannot also ignore the similar advice of their own Dr. Victor C. Vaughan, doctor of philosophy and medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Lewis V. Heil-brunn, Ph.D., of the same university, and Dr. Wm. Koch, of the Koch Cancer Foundation of America, Detroit, and have such poisonings also.

Of 75 persons who attended a picnic at Ionia, Michigan, 18 were confined to their beds, too ill to talk at the time the “investigation” was undertaken to find out why they were ill.

Mrs. Mary E. Lovette, of Michigan, often had to resort to pain pills for continual sore throat, stomach, bowel and bladder trouble, and nearly died from an ailment diagnosed as “gallstones” caused by eating cabbage cooked in an aluminum kettle. When she discarded all aluminum ware, also alum baking powders, she recovered completely.

Harry E. Childs, of Michigan, is sorry his mother died of cancer, caused by aluminum poisoning. He did have a fine set of aluminum, but dumped it all overboard.

Mrs. M. McGregor, of Michigan, found she could give her husband sore mouth by encouraging him to drink hot tea and coffee from an aluminum cap on his thermos bottle, but when a porcelain cup was substituted the fun was all over and the man got well.

Thomas Kiner, of Michigan, traveled to Florida in a house-car equipped with nice bright aluminum utensils, and came back a wreck; but when the new kitchen outfit was ditched he got well right away.

Mrs. Thos. Wilson, of Michigan, nonuser of aluminum utensils, went visiting for one day, with her three children accompanying her. All who went were made alarmingly ill from eating foods cooked in aluminum. Her nursing baby suffered with a rash covering the entire body.

Mrs. J. A. Thum, of Michigan, spent hundreds of dollars to rid herself of neuritis, pains in neck and head, but found no cure until she ditched her aluminum utensils. Now she and her husband are enjoying the best of health and have had no medicine in the house for three years. She says: “We never eat in restaurants or at the homes of friends that use aluminum. After eating candy, ice cream with flavoring boiled in aluminum, or popcoru popped in aluminum I can feel the effects in thirty minutes, and for a day or two have an exhausted feeling and feel very irritable.”

At Hubbardston, Michigan, Mrs. Edward Proctor cooked a duck and packed it, still warm, in a closed aluminum container. When she, her husband, her son, Lola Proctor and Mary Feehan, ate the duck in the berry patch, where they worked, it nearly killed them all.

(To be continued)

THE government’s probe of the spread in price between manufacturer and consumer under what is known as the “Stevens’ Price Spreads Committee” has brought much to light concerning the corruption, oppression and graft of big business, making more manifest the need of a complete change in the commercial structure. The following are two interesting reports appearing in the Mail and Empire of Toronto:

The biggest incomes for industrial executives ever made public in Canada were revealed today when the Stevens’ price spreads committee disclosed that four Imperial Tobacco Company officers divided approximately $1,491,000 between them during the five years 1929 to 1933 inclusive.

D. C. Patterson, former president of the company and now chairman of the board of directors, topped the list with a total of $469,094 during the five-year period. In 1930, his best year, Mr. Patterson received $142,087 in salary and bonus. As chairman of the board, he received only $10,000 in 1933, but in the four previous years, as president, the company paid him an average of $114,773 a year.

While the committee room crowd breathlessly leaned forward to hear, Norman Sommerville, special committee counsel, read figures showing that in these five years Gray Miller, now president of the company, averaged $68,989 a year, while two vice-presidents, W. H. P. Buell and C. D. M. Townsend, had $67,695 a year each.

Sam Factor, Toronto Liberal, produced a report of the Dominion Bureau of Statistics stating that in 1930 the 7,215 men and women employed in the tobacco industry had received an average of $689 a year each. He asked Mr. Miller, who was on the witness stand, to affirm or deny this.

The Imperial president replied that he had not the information but would get it. He was subsequently requested to produce full data as to tobacco factory wages. Mr. Factor claimed that girls making nickel cigars by machine were paid only 75 cents a thousand.

According to Mr. Sommerville’s statement, five percent of the net profits of the Imperial Tobacco Company are divided among the president, the vicepresidents and directors, the proportions being determined by the president and vice-presidents. Thus, besides his salary of $40,000 a year, Mr. Patterson as president received in 1929 a bonus of $75,744, making a total income of $115,744 for the year. In subsequent years he received the following: 1930, bonus, $102,087, total income, $142,087; 1931, bonus, $67,364, total, $107,364; and 1932, bonus, $53,899, total, $93,899. He retired as president and became chairman of the board on January 1, 1933, then receiving $10,000 salary and no bonus.

Mr. Miller listened silently while his own salary and bonuses were then read out by Mr. Sommerville. The salary remained throughout at $25,000 a year. The bonuses and totals were: 1929, bonus, $45,446, total income, $70,446; 1930, bonus, $61,253, total, $86,253; 1931, bonus, $40,419, total, $65,419; 1932, bonus, $32,339, total, $57,339; 1933, bonus, $40,487, total, $65,487.

The Perils (?) of Free Speech

With six of Jehovah’s witnesses sent up for trial in Quebec, charged with having part in a seditious conspiracy, and the more recent trial of one, A. E. Smith, charged with having used seditious language, it seems Canadian authorities are suffering somewhat from hysteria. Speaking of the Smith ease the Toronto Star editorially says:

After a protracted trial on a charge of having used seditious language A. E. Smith, general secretary of the Canadian Labor Defense League, was found not guilty by the jury and discharged by Chief Justice Rose. The case now being thus disposed of we feel free to say that we think the prosecution of Mr. Smith on the charge of sedition was ill-advised on the part of the authorities and seemed to have its origin in the activity of policemen rather than in the sound consideration of the matter by authorities more competent in handling the affairs of the crown.

If Mr. Smith in his speech had said anything about Rt. Hon. R. B. Bennett that was unlawful for one man to say of another, he could have been prosecuted for slander. The laws are there, and the courts are available. Why should it be regarded as seditious to attack Mr. Bennett and not seditious to attack Hon. H. H. Stevens or Hon. R. C. Matthews? Is it to be considered seditious to attack a party leader one year when he holds office and not seditious the next year when he is out of office?

The address of Chief Justice Rose explaining the law of sedition and the nature of the language that is to be construed as seditious was an exceedingly able deliverance, and nobody could hear or read it without admiring its lucid reasoning on an elusive subject. It is quite evident that sedition is a crime rather beyond the capacity of a policeman on his beat to cope with. The best-trained minds in the service of the crown can alone be entrusted with the task of dealing with it. Nor is it a crime likely to be met with around every comer. There have been very few cases of it in Canada, and we feci sure there will be few. It can be nobody’s desire to have it on the police court docket every morning.

If it is seditious on the part of a public speaker to seek to “bring the government into contempt” Mr. Bennett was highly seditious four years ago, and Mr. Mackenzie King is likely to be equally so this year. It was natural enough a hundred years or more ago

that the governments of that day should write into the law a definition of sedition that would tend to silence criticism by the people of those who ruled over them. Government, then, was conducted apart from the people. The reforms of 1832 brought great changes. The “sedition” law needs to be brought forward a century or two. There is nothing sacred or divine about a parliamentary administration in these days. It has behind it the ballot boxes of the country. The electors who made the Mackenzie King administration in turn made the R. B. Bennett administration, and in the process of making one and then the other the electors did a great deal of criticizing, censuring and attacking and, in unmaking the present government, will do plenty more of it. Prosecutions for sedition, heresy, witchcraft, will not avail to prevent it.

The law against sedition needs to be brought into conformity with the realities of democratic life. A few years ago the minimum penalty for sedition was twenty years, but Parliament reduced it to two years. Why not redraft the clause on right lines? This is something that needs to be written. Section 98 (a war measure still in force), on the other hand, needs to be unwritten and removed altogether, as those statutory provisions which formerly occupied its place were ample for every right and proper purpose needing to be served.

Grasshopper Statesmen Confused

With the prime minister of Canada, Mr. Bennett, striving to reduce wheat production, and the premier of Saskatchewan, Mr. Anderson, planning to destroy the grasshoppers, we find a situation here somewhat hard to understand. The Furrow sarcastically says:

We have said it before and we say it again, that Bennett and Anderson should get together and come to a decision as to whether the grasshoppers were sent by Providence to assist in wheat reduction or to increase the market for poison; whether the government should appropriate some funds for grasshopper hatcheries or for tractors to plow the eggs down. It is embarrassing for good citizens to see the federal and provincial heads of governments working one against the other.

Dividing the Lord’s Property

“The secret of the snows” may have more meanings than one, it would seem from the following appearing in the Saskatoon Star Phoenix:

A grim and silent war, which has already cost the lives of many men, is being waged by Canada and Soviet Russia for the possession of a vast snow-covered empire in the Arctic.

The prize is supremacy over 2,000,000 square miles of land and a mastery of secrets which may revolutionize the future of the world. The battle is being waged, not by troops and guns, but by groups of intrepid explorers and scientists.

Until recently the Arctic was regarded as a land of frozen waste. Today it is known that some of the so-called barren lands are among the richest in the world.

Oil, gold, silver, lead, zinc, coal, radium, great reserves of fish, game and timber are being found in increasing quantities. It has been learned, too, that in the Arctic are the solutions of many weather problems which have so far baffled meteorologists.

Many of the discoveries made to date have been made on land already in Canadian or Soviet territory. But hitherto unknown islands are now being found by each country and quietly annexed. Airplane bases, settlements and methods of communication with the outside world are being established • for it is believed that the nation which can control the Arctic may in time dominate the world’s mineral supplies and monopolize highly important air routes between Europe and the Far East.

The battle for possession of the Arctic was started five years ago when Stalin decreed that “the Arctic must become Soviet Arctic”, and ordained a five-year plan for the purpose.

Canada took up the challenge. Since then both countries have accomplished miracles in the vast Arctic wastes, which hitherto had been regarded as useless and uninhabitable.

Russia’s five-year plan has just ended, and a report has been issued showing what she has achieved in the polar regions during the past few years. This is what the Russians have done:

‘Sailed from the Arctic coast of Russia, down through the Bering Straits and into Vladivostok in one season—a feat never before accomplished.

‘Covered 50,000 miles by sea, 40,000 miles by land, and 16,000 miles by air.

‘Established towns on land hitherto regarded as uninhabitable. One of these is Igarka, which already has 15,000 inhabitants, and holds the key to the Kara sea, one of the most important areas in the Arctic.

‘Increased, by systematic migration, the population of another key position, the island of Novaya Zemlya, and organized it on military lines.

‘Mapped and plotted navigation routes along the whole of Russia’s northern borders.

‘Established on Franz Josef Land the most northerly radio station in the world. It is powerful enough to communicate with the Antarctic.

‘Settled a permanent post on Wrangel Island.*

Canada’s activities in the Arctic have been less spectacular than those of Russia, but just as successful.

Canada is not driving whole populations into remote territories, but is concentrating on extending her knowledge of the geography of the Arctic. Year by year she is increasing her hold.

The population of the 1,258,217 square miles of land which Canada has taken over is less than 13,000, but she knows every inlet of their country, and has established for their benefit a vast wireless network.

Already Canada is working the most northerly mines in the world. In a short time she will be selling radium from the shores of the Great Bear lake.

Recently she established a regular air service farther north than Russia has yet attempted.

To insure food supplies, her scientists are now working in laboratories in Ottawa to produce wheat which will germinate in a far shorter period than any yet evolved, and enable grain to be grown well within the Arctic circle.

Ono of the most remarkable treks in history has just been finished. Four years ago the Canadian government bought 3,000 reindeer from the United States, and has just moved the whole herd from Alaska to the mouth of the Mackenzie river, to form the basis of supplies of food and clothing for a possible great population.

Every year Canada sends ships to visit her settlement in the Arctic, with relief doctors, hospital supplies and the like.

Canada has another secret. In the Far North there are mighty rivers, which are ice-free for short periods. She intends to harness these for electric power.

Movie Short-Cut to Insanity

That movies are very detrimental to the nervous system of children seems apparent from the following report appearing in the Toronto Star:

The youth of a nation sees heroes and heroines of the screen commit crimes of housebreaking, kidnaping, robbery and even murder, and few, almost none, of these movie stars “ever suffer much more than to go to the grave of their mother and kneel down and weep”, claims Mrs. Robbins Gillman, president of the Federal Motion Picture Council of America, in a statement released today by the Local Council of Women’s committee on cinema and radio.

Motion pictures, according to detailed study made by Mrs. Gillman, are “based largely on sex, love and crime ’ ’.

“We arc not advocating the prohibition of these things in motion pictures,” stated Mrs. Gillman, “but we arc asking that the treatment of the subject material be such that youth need not be overfed with a more mature treatment of them than they are able to assimilate and interpret to their own good.”

In the United States, according to Mrs. Gillman, 28,000,000 people under 21 years of age are attending motion pictures once or twice a wreek.

In Canada the comparative figure is estimated to be 32 percent of the country’s population.

“We have obtained a definite picture of the children who have been admitted into institutions for delinquency,” Mrs. Gillman’s report reads, “and we find that they have attended motion pictures on the average seven times a week. It takes about $350 to $500 a year to take care of each of these children, and that alone makes it an economic question. ’ ’

Heart beats among children, which ordinarily run from about 72 to 80 beats to the minute, ran up as high as 194 during the showing of pictures, Mrs. Gillman disclosed. ‘ ‘ When one boy of 16 saw a picture it ran his heart up from 80 to 154. It was 72 hours before his heart action became normal, and he could not sleep for a whole week.”

Rome’s Devilish Heart Never Changes

While little is said in the press of the terrible abuse of Indians and others under Catholic control, nevertheless from time to time it comes to the surface and is made known. Concerning the lashing of some Indian boys, the Family Herald says:

Displaying nasty scars apparently marks of a lash, nineteen Indian boys claim they were stripped to the waist and whipped by officials of the Indian Reservation school at Shubenacadie, N. S.

Ten of the boys, escaping from the institution, brought the story to the office of the Indian Agent, Allison McDonald, who immediately reported the complaint to the Department of Indian Affairs at Ottawa, and to the Department of the Attorney-General of Nova Scotia.

“The Indians of Shubenacadie are up in arms, and I hardly know what to do with them,” declared the Indian Agent.

The flogging of the children, allegedly to wring from among them confession of those who had stolen $53, is now under investigation at Ottawa.

The Department of the Interior have communicated with Rev. Father J. P. Mackey, principal of the institution, asking for more complete information than he had originally sent them. Rev. Father Mackey said that he had been present during the flogging, and had some part in it. He said he did not consider the treatment unusually severe. The beatings had not been administered as punishment, he said, but to elicit information about the missing money.

McDonald, the Indian Agent, stated the punishment was meted out to the lads because one of them had stolen a sum of money from one of the “Sisters of Charity”. This, he declared, is the excuse offered for what he termed the “brutal treatment of the Indian boys ’ ’.

Indians of the reservation were enraged, he said. They were demanding redress and the removal of Rev. Father Mackey. Some of the parents, he declared, were taking steps to remove their children from the home.

Five of the ten boys who escaped from the school, Mr. McDonald stated, showed heavy sears on their backs, and they were examined by Dr. McInnes, Shubenacadie doctor. The boys’ parents had been notified, and they, too, admitted that they had noticed the nasty marks on the bodies of their children.

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