Golden Age, June 6, 1934

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alte Golden Age

A JOURNAL OF FACT HOPE AND COURAGE

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in this issue

THIRTY-FIVE CENTURIES OF FREE SPEECH

INCONSISTENCIES

OF SCIENCE

NOTES ON NEWS

JEHOVAH

WHAT IS REAL BAPTISM?

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every other WEDNESDAY

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Vol. XV - No. 384 June 6, 1934

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CONTENTS

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LABOR AND ECONOMICS

What Huge Appropriations Mean 551

The Priority of Labor .... 552

Proposed Addenda to NRA Codes 553

Pullman Porters Poorly Paid . . 553

Factors Which Reduce Demand . 553

In the Land of Too Much . . . 555

SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL

Thirty-five Centuries of

Free Speech.......547

Suppression of Free Speech, Canada 550

Freedom of Speech in Britain . . 550

Control of Belgian Press . . . 551

Stocks in Use in Georgia . . . 554

Welfare Racket in Philadelphia . 554

World’s Largest Daily Paper . . 555

To Spend $51,000,000 Studying Man 559

The Twilight of Kings (Poem) . 562

MANUFACTURING AND MINING

Boom in South Africa .... 552

David Toohey’s Wrench .... 560

The Fourth Largest Diamond . . 560

FINANCE—COMMERCE—TRANSPORTATION

Poor Condition of World Credit . 552

The Bootleggers of Usury . . . 556

Automobile Information .... 557

Record Speed to South America . 557

Interesting A. T. & T. Items . . 558

New Streamline Train .... 558

POLITICAL—DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN

Estonia and Bulgaria Go Fascist . 550

“The Great Illusion” .... 550

Warning Against Dictatorships . 551

The Triumph in Austria . . . 551

AGRICULTURE AND HUSBANDRY

Early Development of Paper . . 558

California’s Effort to Get Water . 559

SCIENCE AND INVENTION

The Inconsistencies of Science 549

The Tower of WLW.....555

The Horrible New Gases . . . 558

Eye-Grafting Operation .... 559

HOME AND HEALTH

Sterilization Overrated .... 559

Tea Made of Apples.....568

Remedy for Constipation . . . 568

Smallpox a Dirt Disease . . . 568

Gallstone Remedy Works O.K. . 568

Teeth and Turnips.....569

Six Thousand Paralytics Treated 589

TRAVEL AND MISCELLANY

65,000,000 Refugees in China . . 555

RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY

Jehovah.........561

Questionnaire of World Tomorrow 563

An Anemic’s Place at Table . . 564

Warning to Episcopal Church . 564

Devil-Heaven-Virgin Birth . . . 564

What Is Real Baptism? . . . 570

“River of Water of Life” . . 574

Published every other Wednesday by GOLDEN AGE PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. 117 Adams Street, Brooklyn, N. Y., U. S. A.

Clayton J. Woodworth President Nathan II. Knorr Vice President

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Golden Age

Volume XV Brooklyn, N. Y., Wednesday, June 6, 1934 Number 384

Thirty*five Centuries of Free Speech

NO OTHER liberty is so fundamental or so essential to human happiness, progress and prosperity as the liberty to express freely one’s honest convictions and to convey to others such information as may be of benefit to them. There is only one class that could object to the freedom of expression and the free use of the means of communication by those who have a message for the people. It is the class whose works are unrighteous and who therefore find it necessary to lay their plans and find their security in darkness. Anything that would tend to throw light upon their activities or call in question the justice or fairness of their course would be most unwelcome. They will not bring their deeds to the light, because their deeds are evil. More than that, they will not tolerate others to enlighten the people and to give them the truth, because their own works would in contrast be seen in their true light and they would therefore be condemned, and properly so. Hence the workers of iniquity have been and are willing to resort to violence and crime to evade detection.

Honest men have at all times brought their works to the light. They have had nothing to hide from others. They could afford to be open and aboveboard. Not only so, but they have let their light shine, and this has reproved, directly or indirectly, those whose works were evil. In heathen countries whose peoples knew not God there have been sincere and honest souls who have fearlessly sponsored the right and opposed the wickedness of selfish men who enriched themselves at the expense of the public good. In the record of the Bible we find men who not merely were impelled by a sense of duty, but were guided by divine instruction, in their denunciation of transgressors. They delivered a divine message, and no amount of opposition or attempted interference prevented them from carrying out their God-given mission.

The prophets of Israel were notable for their fearless declaration of the laws of God and their defense of the rights of the people. No doubt attempts were made to silence them, and a number of cases are on record where the prophet suffered much for his faithfulness in doing as commanded. Whether the privilege of free speech was granted them or not, they delivered their messages. Moses stands out as a notable example of one who braved the ire of a powerful ruler in delivering a message from God which was undoubtedly most unwelcome. Moses was, first of all, the servant and representative of God. He was, further, the champion of the liberties of the people of Israel. “Let my people go,” was the message which Moses conveyed to the king. Subsequent messages impressed upon Pharaoh the importance of giving heed to Moses. Pharaoh had not yet conceived the idea of censorship; for Moses seems to have enjoyed the privilege of free speech, even though his message was an unwelcome one. Free use was made of whatever opportunities presented themselves to get the ear of the proud oppressor. The time may have been inconvenient to Pharaoh, but it was convenient to Moses. When Pharaoh came out to have a dip in the river, Moses told him that the Lord Jehovah had something to say to him, and then proceeded to drive home his message by turning the water into blood. Moses got his message across, and only after the ninth plague did Pharaoh become reckless and put the gag on Moses. He told him not to see him again, on pain of death; but Moses had accomplished God’s purpose and delivered his message. Pharaoh had to send for him finally and acknowledge defeat.

Another occasion on which the right to free speech was exercised to accomplish God’s purpose was when King David had transgressed the law which God had given to Israel. Though he was king he had been carried away by the

beauty of Bathsheba, and in order to get out of the resulting predicament he had contrived to so arrange matters that her husband was slain in battle. Nathan the prophet boldly called the king's attention to the fact that his sin was not hid from Jehovah. David was sincerely repentant, but, though he did escape the extreme penalty of the law, he could not go unpunished, and he accepted the death of Bathsheba’s child as just recompense for his sin. The king, so far from resenting the boldness of Nathan, humbly confessed his sin, and was reinstated in divine favor. He did not despise or resent the chastening and correction of the Lord.

Another example of the use of free speech is that of Elijah. He opposed the idol-worship prevalent in Israel in the days of Ahab and Jezebel. He kept after King Ahab and, at the command of the Lord, took him to task for his wickedness. When the king had conveniently disposed of Naboth and taken possession of his vineyard, Elijah was on the job and gave the king a message that put a definite end to his unholy joy at having obtained the vineyard. When after the three years of drought Elijah presented himself to Ahab, the king said to him, “Art thou he that troubleth Israel!” Elijah boldly replied, "I have not troubled Israel; but thou and thy father’s house, in that ye have forsaken the commandments of the Lord.” And then he challenged the king to have it out, saying, 'Get the prophets of Baal together, and let them offer a sacrifice, and I will do the same, and we will see who is worshiping the true God.’ The result of the contest demonstrated clearly that Elijah was serving Jehovah, the true God, while his opponents, though hypocritically claiming to serve the Lord, were really serving the Devil.

But the greatest example of boldness and freedom of utterance was that of our Lord Jesus Christ. The scribes (clergy) and Pharisees and the whole priestly tribe, then as now, were opposed to the truth of God, and did not stop at any means to discredit and besmirch the Son of God and misrepresent His message. Jesus did not revile again, but the time came when in defense of the truth He exposed the whole impious crowd, and He did it so thoroughly that they determined to “get him” at all costs. So they gathered their henchmen, bribed Judas, enlisted the aid of the government, suborned false witnesses and obtained the cooperation of a dissolute and unscrupulous mob to accomplish their purpose. Jesus was “arrested” and brought to trial, accused of “sedition”, a favorite charge with those who are of Satan’s world and not of God. Jesus might have saved himself had He not openly and freely confessed the truth before Pilate. He had come to bear witness to the truth, and He made no effort to evade the inevitable consequences of His faithful acknowledgment of the fact that He was what He was, a king.

Jesus told His followers that they would receive the same treatment He had received; and so it is. He was the faithful and true witness, and His followers must likewise be truly and faithfully Jehovah’s witnesses. They have His example and that of the prophets, and willingly endure the opposition they have to contend with. The clergy and the principal ones of their flocks, corresponding to the scribes and Pharisees of Jesus’ day, have put every possible obstacle in the way of a proclamation of the message of Jehovah’s witnesses. Time and again they are denied halls in which to hold meetings; newspapers refuse to carry their advertisements ; officers of the law arrest them for “putting out handbills” or for calling on the people at their homes; radio stations are coerced into denying them time on the air, though they are willing to pay the proper rates. It will be seen that in this way every avenue of publicity would be closed to the proclamation of the truth and that if Jehovah’s witnesses did not resist these unjust and unlawful discriminations by every means in their power they would be effectually restrained from carrying out their commission.

By Jehovah’s overruling providence, however, there are still manly men who will not accede to the demands of the clergy, and the message therefore continues to go forth by radio and in various other ways, while Jehovah’s witnesses submit to persecution, arrest and imprisonment when necessary to maintain their right to call on the people at their homes and bring them the message of God’s kingdom by word of mouth and by means of the printed page. Though officers of the law harass them and arrest them on the pretext that they are “peddling or soliciting without a license”, they go on. They know that they are bearing the truth to the people and that they have the right to do so. The fundamental law of the land provides that they shall have the liberty to serve God according to their understanding of His will, and though judges are frequently pleased to ignore this most important factor in their work and to stigmatize it by calling it “peddling” and “bookselling” or “putting out advertisements”, they know, and the judges should know, that it is none of these things, and that no license can properly be issued to grant them permission to do what God’s Word commands them to do.

The foregoing examples show that the testimony and warning must be made known by all available means of publicity. They show that the ones entrusted with this work must be faithful in performing it, and that those who heed the warning will have mercy extended to them while those who refuse to give heed will be deserving of divine disapproval and judgment. Those who resist the truth line themselves up on the Devil’s side. They clearly identify themselves as those who come not to the light lest their works, which are evil, should be exposed.

Let the truth be freely spoken by word of mouth, by printed page and by radio, and let no self-appointed censors attempt to set a limit upon the proclamation of the message which Jehovah’s Word has for this day.

The Inconsistencies of Science

SINCE science is so boldly accusing the Bible of all the inconsistencies of reason, what can you say of science to show its own inconsistencies ?

Science claims to be so pure that its every utterance is truth even from the time it was a one-cylinder protoplasm.

Enclosed is a “scientific” article which glorifies science and craves for more glory. [We reproduce four paragraphs from the article.—Ed.]

Early scholars, looking for the solution of mysteries, turned nowhere but to the old Hebrew legends. Dr. Lightfoot, the vice chancellor of Cambridge University a few hundred years ago, could blandly announce that man was created at 9 a.m., October 23, 4004 B.C.

As late as 1850 a great Egyptologist changed the dates he found in his researches so that they would not conflict with the dates of Noah’s Flood.

Today poor Doctor Lightfoot is remembered only as a joke and an evidence of pitiful bigotry, for today there is hardly a respectable scientist who believes that man was created at all in the sense that Doctor Lightfoot implied. Today there is hardly a scientist who takes the bigots into consideration when he works with telescope, microscope, test-tube or the geologist’s hammer.

And yet we still go on ignoring the splendor of the scientific achievements; we still delay to give them lofty recognition as the chief friends of humanity.

In reality the article established the Bible truth that all men are liars, especially the scientific kind, that ‘worked itself from the ocean depths millions of years ago’ and now crowns itself as monarch of all it surveys. The casual reader of the gospel knows that it contains a message more noble than science has to offer.

By James 8. Watson (Honolulu)

Scientists accuse Christians of hindering science in its search for knowledge. But since science is busy patting itself bn its protoplasmic head for its discoveries, let it tell how its discoveries and inventions of most cruel instruments blotted out ten million souls in the last war and crippled thirty millions.

Let it tell how it has perfected these instruments so that in the next war it will be able to blot out its tens of millions instead of mere millions. Let it tell how harmonious science is by explaining how the German science used all its science to destroy allied science, all to glorify science.

Let science tell who, during the Dark Ages, invented the scientific instruments that were used to destroy fifty million souls, while the doctors were busy prolonging the agony of the tortured.

Science has discovered some things and used its discoveries to awe mankind. They claim to help mankind; but mankind foots every bill; so the poor remain poor, and the rich, rich. All this shows that science is guilty of all the deviltries of which it accuses others. Science could have helped mankind, but it has faithfully served the god of this world. But we joyfully and hopefully trust that it will more faithfully serve earth’s new King.

It is to be hoped that the editor will enlarge upon this, not by way of hating science, but to show that the kettle is just as black as the pot, and that the gander should not kick at receiving goose sauce.

The Decline of Liberty

Suppression of Free Speech in Canada

A BILL passed unanimously by the Manitoba legislature provides that the repeated publication of anything calculated to expose persons belonging to any creed to ridicule shall entitle such person to sue for damages and injunction to restrain further publication. The manifest purpose of this bill is to prevent honest criticism of the doctrines of hell-fire, purgatory, and other indefensible relics of the Dark Ages. Widely lauded as an “anti-hate” bill, it is, in reality, a b>itter hate bill of the worst sort. Similar bills are projected in all the Canadian provinces, and have been launched in New Jersey and other centers of intolerance in the United States.

Freedom of Speech in Britain

THE London Daily Express has a cartoon of a national personage giving a talk on free speech under the auspices of the British Broadcasting Company. As he talks he stands on a trap door, under the control of an operator who can speedily drop him into the cellar if he says anything off-color. Over his head is a ton weight which can be dropped by another operator, to make sure of his exit. He is surrounded by smiling officials, one of whom has a gas tank wherewith to asphyxiate him, another has the fire hose ready to turn on him, a third has a sand bag with which to sock him, a fourth has a death hood to pull over his head, while a fifth is at the controls to shut him off the air the moment he says anything offensive to the censors of the British Broadcasting Company.

Estonia and Bulgaria Go Fascist

ESTONIA and Bulgaria having gone Fascist, there is a solid belt of Fascist countries all the way from the Upper Baltic to the Mediterranean sea, including Poland, Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Italy. But for the Lord, the outlook for liberty-lovers in the world would be dark indeed. The Fascist victory in Austria was accomplished by the government troops’ “bravely” shooting women and children, shelling apartment houses in which the Socialist workmen made their homes. A hospital also was shelled by the government artillery. One artillery officer obeyed the command of his superiors to fire on the apartment house in which his own wife and children lived.

“The Great Illusion'’

UNDER the title “The Great Illusion” the

Saturday Evening Post says editorially:

The question before the American people—a question that is inextricably interwoven with the policies and experiments of the moment—is this: Do we want a democratic or a collectivist system ? Do we want freedom as individuals to live our lives under the Constitution and free courts; do we want individual opportunity and scope to work out our private and business lives within sane and law-abiding limits or do we want to be regimented—told what we can do, how much we can do and when we can do it; do we want a free press, a free radio and free speech, or some one to tell us what we can think and what we can say? . . . The Democratic party has cut loose from its traditions and stands for a strongly centralized, bureaucratic government that is getting a grip on every kind of private business and putting into effect many extremely radical measures that look toward ultimate collectivism. ... It is impossible to escape the conclusion that today we are having government by amateurs—college boys, irrespective of their age—who, having drunk deep, perhaps, of the Pierian spring, have recently taken some hearty swigs of Russian vodka. We cannot solve our problems with a discredited European ideology and a Marxian philosophy. The great illusion of the moment is that we can gain any worthwhile happiness or prosperity by the sacrifice of our hardly won liberties.

Carnegie Millions and the League

THE New York American is quite disturbed because the Carnegie millions, piled up in the days of rebates, are now bequeathed in perpetuity to the League of Nations and World Court propaganda, and although those issues, in America, are publicly discredited, and have been repudiated again and again, yet the Carnegie bequest keeps them ever to the fore. The money itself continues to talk loudly even though Carnegie has long been dead.

Diplomatic Relations with the Vatican

A DISPATCH from Rome, printed in the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, claims that before Mr. Roosevelt was elected discussions took place between him and representatives of the pope respecting the reestablishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and the Vatican, and that the recent trip of Postmaster General Farley to Rome was partly devoted to the same end.

Baldwin’s Warning Against Dictatorships

Stanley Baldwin, one-time prime minister of

England, in a radio address to the children of Great Britain, recently said:

“Democracy is far the most difficult form of government because it requires for perfect functioning the participation of everybody. Democracy wants constant guarding, and for us to turn to a dictatorship would be an act of consummate cowardice, of surrender, a confession that our strength and courage alike had gone. It is quite true the wheels of our State coach may be creaking in heavy ground, but are you sure the wheels of the coach are not creaking in Moscow, Berlin and Vienna and even in the United States? The whole tendency of a dictatorship is to squeeze out the competent and independent man and create a hierarchy accustomed to obeying. Chaos often results when the original dictator goes.”

Control of Belgian Press

CONTROL of the Belgian press by the munition-makers, Schneider and Creuzot, has resulted in a wave of militarism in Belgium, with the demand that the French line of concrete fortifications be extended all along the German border. Statements appear in the controlled press that in the event of war conscientious objectors will be repressed without mercy.

Mr. McFadden Wants to Know

Congressman Louis T. McFadden, who always wants to know the ins and outs of everything, wants to know just why it is that the American people were forced to sell their gold to the United States Treasury at $20.67 per ounce while the United States Treasury pays Great Britain $35 per ounce, and the difference has speeded up the gold mines in every part of the British Empire.

The Triumph in Austria

THE triumph in Austria was the triumph of the pope over socialism. That is putting it bluntly. The socialists, fought bravely for the preservation of their rights, but they stood no chance. The municipal tenements, housing 200,000 persons in ideal conditions, were recognized as a model all over the world. To their lasting shame the Roman Catholic troops shelled these apartments. One of these, the Karl Marx Hof, consisted of 1,200 apartments, each having separate stairs, a balcony and at least one room exposed to the sun; there were separate kindergartens, assembly rooms, laundries and bathhouses. It was built around spacious landscaped courtyards, with ornamental statuary and pools. In defending their homes the socialists descended to the sewers, but all in vain. The forces of the pope are in full control. Even the jobs held by socialists in the government were declared forfeited. To all intents and purposes the republic of Austria has ceased to exist.

What the Huge Naval Appropriations Mean

IN AN address in the House of Representatives Hon. George Foulkes, of Michigan, called attention to the fact that in the past three years the United States expended $60,000,000 more on its navy than the combined navies of France, Italy and Japan, and twice the sum that Great Britain spent on its navy; that during the past three years Japan expended $381,000,000 and the United States $4,000,000,000, while the sum desired for this year is a billion and a quarter. Coming directly to the point he said:

“Do you know that ignorance is rampant in our land; that young men and women are unable to secure the educational advantages that would fit them for good citizenship ? This one appropriation alone would endow 2,078 colleges with $500,000 each to carry on this most-desired and benevolent work. Did you know that the more than $4,000,000,000 appropriated for destruction of human life within the past few years would redeem every farm mortgage within the United States, thereby leaving the sorely distressed agriculturist the master of his own home and securing the destiny of his children? Did you know that this one appropriation alone now being demanded would build an 18-foot concrete road at the cost of $20,000 a mile for a distance of 52,000 miles, equal to 16 paid highways across the American continent from New York city to San Francisco, and that literally hundreds of hospitals, now so badly needed, could be endowed for a mere fraction of this amount ? ’ ’

Over-Generosity of Uncle Sam

TO DATE Uncle Sam has expended $226,000,000 more for the Panama canal than he has got out of it, and, since foreign ships make up 51 percent of the traffic, he has been a large-scale benefactor of all maritime nations. The Inland Waterways Corporation on the Mississippi river, owned by Uncle Sam, gets 40 percent of its charges from shippers and the other 60 percent as a present from the taxpayers. It costs the taxpayers of New York state $5 a ton for every ton of freight that traverses the barge canal. The postage on air mail letters defrays less than half the actual cost.

The Priority of Labor

By Abraham Lincoln (From a message to Congress In 18G1)

I SEE in the near future a crisis approaching that unnerves me, and causes me to tremble for the safety of my country. As a result of war, corporations have been enthroned, and an era of corruption in high places will follow, and the money power of the country will endeavor to prolong its reign by working upon the prejudices of the people until all the wealth is aggregated in a few hands, and the republic is destroyed. I feel at this moment more anxiety for the safety of our country than ever before, even in the midst of war. God grant that my forebodings may be groundless.

Monarchy itself is sometimes hinted at as a refuge from the power of the people. In my present position I could scarcely be justified were I to omit to raise a warning voice against the approach of returning despotism. It is not needed nor fitting here that a general argument should be made in favor of popular institutions; but there is one point with its connections, not so hackneyed as most others, to which I ask brief attention. It is assumed that labor is available only in connection with capital; that nobody labors unless somebody else owning capital, somehow by the use of it, induces him to labor. Labor is prior to and independent of capital. Capital is only the fruit of labor and could not have existed if labor had not first existed. Labor is the superior of capital and deserves much the higher consideration. I bid the laboring people beware of surrendering the power which they possess, and which if surrendered will surely be used to shut the door of advancement for such as they, and fix new disabilities and burdens upon them until all of liberty shall be lost.

In the early days of our race the Almighty said to the first of mankind, “In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread,” and since then, if we except the light and air of heaven, no good thing has been or can be enjoyed by us without first having cost labor. And inasmuch as most good things have been produced by labor, it follows that all such things belong of right to those whose labor has produced them. But it has so happened, in all ages of the world, that some have labored and others have without labor enjoyed a large portion of the fruits. This is wrong and should not continue. To secure to each laborer the whole product of his labor, as nearly as possible, is a worthy object of any government.

It seems strange that any man should dare to ask a just God’s assistance in wringing bread from the sweat of other men’s faces. This country with its institutions belongs to the people who inhabit it.

Argentina’s Model Hobo Camp

T)UENOS AIRES, having 5,000 foreign unem-ployed, seems not to have thought of a southern Battle of Anacostia to get rid of them, but laid out a section of barren unclaimed land, turned over a big stone pile to the men, laid out a camp plan, and persuaded the men to build houses and live in them according to the plan. They did so. Each house is whitewashed, and each morning it is inspected. If the men are sick they are taken to the hospital.

Boom in South Africa

"President Roosevelt’s dollar policy has caused ■L a boom in the gold mines of South Africa. Mines which had been abandoned are being reopened and the profits of those which operate continuously have been so much increased that the government has taken out $30,000,000 in excess profits taxes. As a rule, about one-half of the amount received for the gold is paid out in labor, machinery, explosives and other expenses.

Poor Condition of World Credit

A DISPATCH from London says that money was never so plentiful nor so cheap, but the international bankers are afraid to lend because they do not know who will repay. On the London Stock Exchange are listed the bonds of 104 nations, states and municipalities; 58 of these are now in default. Of 248 different government bonds 154 are worth less than half their par value.

1,000 Men After One Job

A BUSINESS man of Swallow street, Piccadilly, London, advertised for a porter, and over 1,000 men responded. Eventually, after the police had marshaled them into a queue, a printed slip was passed around stating that the position had been filled, and the men were dispersed.

Proposed Addenda to NRA Codes

WITH the dry humor that has made him famous, William Floyd, editor of The Arbitrator, proposes the following commonsense addenda to the NRA codes, but neither he nor anybody else supposes that they have a chance in the world of being adopted: they are too sensible.

All corporations shall be conducted on a profit-sharing basis, the charge upon each being minimum and maximum compensation for all employees—manual laborers, clerks and officials—in no instance to be less than $14 a week or greater than $500 a week until the corporation is earning 6 percent on its capital stock.

When any corporation shall earn over 6 percent, after setting aside reasonable reserves, paying fixed charges and minimum wages, the excess earnings shall be distributed among all employees in such proportion as shall be determined by vote of all stockholders and employees present in person at the annual meeting. The business policy of the corporation shall be determined by a similar vote, and the officers and employees selected in the same manner.

Competition to maintain fair prices for consumers shall be kept free by enforcing the anti-trust laws. All directors of any corporation infringing those laws shall be liable to imprisonment for a misdemeanor.

No corporation shall pay dividends higher than 6 percent a year; no stock dividends shall be permitted ; no stock shall be issued in excess of the fair value of the property as determined by federal experts; there shall be no splitting of stocks, no issuing of nopar stocks or stock under par, and no distribution of bonus stock; holding companies shall be forbidden.

All stock exchanges shall be conducted under federal regulation. Selling short, buying on margin or manipulation of stock shall be prohibited.

The federal government shall open banks in all communities similar to the postal savings banks except that they shall provide the same accommodation now afforded by commercial banks. No banks or bankers shall be permitted to have affiliated corporations for speculation in stocks.

All the currency of the country shall be issued by the United States Government, which shall endeavor to stabilize currencies throughout the world.

Individuals and partnerships where full personal responsibility is assumed shall not be limited as to their net profits, but shall be bound by this code as to wages and hours.

This compromise code between the NRA and a revolution will provide a fair return for capital, better than a living wage for labor, and reasonable prices for the publie. Increased earnings of a corporation will mean increased incomes for all workers.

Butler’s Tribute to Roosevelt

RB. Butler, of Oklahoma, business man of • Tulsa, pays the following tribute to Roosevelt:

In the year of our depression, 5. Dear suffering Comrade:

That fellow Roosevelt is some man. He has given us NRA, RFC, CWA, and booze. He has taken away our long hours of toil, our gold, our bond values, and most of our cherished American liberties. He has recognized Russia, Al Smith, Warm Springs, and the brewers. He has raised our rents, our grocery bills, our hair, and our wage scales. He has reduced our crops, our incomes, our bread lines, and the necessity for our Congress. He has changed our method of government, our diet of drink, and our ideas about running our own business.

NRA Act Full of Holes

Judge Alexander Akerman, federal judge at Miami, Florida, who has made a practice of reading the United States constitution once a week, says that the NRA Act, when tested by the constitution, is so full of holes that you could drive eight yoke of oxen through it. He further expressed the opinion that the department of agriculture, which may or may not be a good thing, is without constitutional authority to order any citizen to do anything or not to do anything.

Pullman Porters Poorly Paid

TN 1926 the monthly wages of Pullman porters averaged $73.11; since then there has been a cut of $5. The porter has to pay for his own polishing materials and equipment, meals en route and uniforms. In 1926 these items averaged $33.82; the porter’s average rent back home was $37.47. That left $1.82 per month for the maintenance of his family, clothing, etc. Now you know why a porter has to have tips to live, and why his wife has to go out by the day to help keep the little home together.

Factors Which Reduce the Demand

MEN and women work less vigorously than they did, and they work in warmer rooms; hence they use less food. Gasoline has taken the place of horse and mule feed. Improvements in cattle have brought an increased milk supply with fewer cattle. Increased efficiency of electric plants and steam locomotives has made necessary less mining of coal.

"Good Times” Again in Chicago

The Welfare Racket in Philadelphia

arold B. Wheeler of .Chicago writes: “Good TK/Tark Mason, in the Philadelphia Sunday times are had again in Chicago; the gang- Transcript, describes in some detail a

land city is acting as it always has. Our governor is trying to pass a liquor bill; the mayor believes that prohibition repeal means that the people want to be able to buy a drink. No one wanted to see the return of the old-fashioned saloon, so they have changed the name to “tavern”. Some people believe that drinking is O.K. if a fellow doesn’t stand up while he pours it down. That hoists the question, How should a fellow be allowed to consume the spirits, sitting, standing, leaning, or kneeling? If we can’t have saloons we are bound to have speak-easies. The difference between a saloon and a speak-easy is the way you get into the place. To convert a saloon into a speak-easy all one does is to lock the front door and open the rear, and pay for protection instead of tax. Women barflies are the new feature at the taverns, and all Chicago says they are an offensive nuisance, and there are more of them than can be reckoned. Well, anyway, it gives the preachers something to squawk about. I see Billy Sunday has started out to take in another fortune by running the Devil around and saving souls by the glass and stein; there is a fortune in those tabernacles. Preacher, priest, or rabbi, they all have their say-so: they have all got their hands out for something to stop their thundering. They call it alms; the politicians call it political expense; but we call it just plain graft.”

Stocks in Use in Georgia

SUBSCRIBER in Georgia reports having seen the stocks used in prison camps in

Georgia, in Hancock county. Prisoners are knocked unconscious with shovels and clubs, and as many as five prisoners are in the stocks at one time. The prisoners in stocks have their arms and legs each through separate, roughly chiseled or sawn holes, as far apart as possible, in such a manner as to cause exquisite torture. When removed they commonly have to be carried and are often nearly paralyzed. The people of Georgia are very proud of their churches. The men who make the stocks for their fellow men are all strong for the doctrine of eternal torture and are trying to be as much like their father the Devil as they know how.

business that is now pretty well spread over all the earth:

“The Community Council of Philadelphia, formed on October 1, 1930, is the most widely inclusive body of welfare organizations ever gathered together in this city for a common project. Every form of social work, municipal and private, sectarian and secular, is represented among its 315 member agencies. Kingsley, the star of the salary list, was paid $18,500 a year for his clerical work until there had to be a slash due to the exposures made by this newspaper. Billikopf made extraordinary sums on the outside, serving as an arbitrator and in other capacities growing out of the welfare racket. This go-getter probably makes $75,000 to $100,000 a year by and through being a hotcha welfare worker. His social activities, meaning his family life, cost a fortune each year. DeSchweinitz quit one job that paid him $12,000 to take another that pays sums less easy to isolate. He was a leg-man on the old North American at $20 a week when he busted right out as a sociological authority, whatever that is, at $8,000 a year. This desk-man probably cleans up from $25,000 to $35,000 a year as welfare ‘executive’, which means go get the money and build up payrolls and ‘overhead’ to consume it.”

The Thakenham Home for the Aged

THAKENHAM, England, has a home for the aged poor. The walls are eight feet thick; there are no modern toilets; all the water not purchased is pumped by the inmates, but the wells are so constantly drained that the water thus secured is unfit to drink; there is no illumination of the home except candles and oil lanterns; the halls are so dark at noonday as to be unsafe to the able-bodied; the floors are of bare stone; the dormitories are unheated; England is one of the most highly civilized countries in the Devil’s world.

"The Best Magazine Published”

Miss Eleanor Reynolds, eleven years old, writes in from a village up in New York state and says: “In our school we had a contest to determine which is the best magazine published. Each scholar was to submit his choice of which is best. Our teacher was to be the judge. I submitted as my choice The Golden Age. After a fair review of them all, our teacher decided in favor of The Golden Age.

Spasms over Cherry Blossoms

SOME years ago the Japanese people presented the United States with a quantity of cherry trees, now planted around The Mall, Washington, D. C. The trees were accompanied by an invasion of the Japanese beetle, which has cost many hundreds of millions of dollars; but that was unintentional. The trees do not bear any fruit, ever, but once a year they are as nice to look at as any other cherry trees, no more and no less. Once a year, however, Washington goes out of its head over these cherry blossoms. The Evening Star in a single issue had parts of six columns about the festival, including three large pictures, one of Miss Eleanor Roosevelt being crowned queen of the cherry blossom festival by the Reverend George F. Dudley, Episcopalian; another of a group of politicians gazing interestedly at a group of dancers who ushered in the festival; the third picture showed six female dancers with dresses so thin that from top to toe nothing was left to imagination. It is supposed that 200,000 visitors came to Washington to see the cherry blossoms. The Evening Star could not spare a line to tell the big news that 2,500,000 people protested to Congress against discrimination and interference with their radio rights and privileges, nor did it have any news about the hearings. The cherry blossom spasm, like the newspapers that devote so much space to it, is the almost pure humbug so dear to the American heart.

The Tower of WLW

THE tower of WLW, Cincinnati, the only station in the United States having 500,000 watts power, is 831 feet high. The total weight of 450 tons rests on two apparently fragile porcelain cones, but it is claimed that the cones would sustain three times the imposed weight if necessary. The foundations go 70 feet beneath the surface of the ground.

The Little Slaves of Ceylon

THE little slaves of Ceylon are "adopted” for a price, and adopted over and over again for other prices. They are worked without any limitation as to hours, except that on Sunday they may not legally be worked more than four hours. Children as young as seven years of age are subject to these conditions.

In the Land of Too Much

THE land of Too Much has but 5.6 percent of the area of the world; it has 6 percent of the world’s population, 14 percent of its annual gold production, 19 percent of its annual wheat production, 33 percent of its wealth, 33 percent of its railroads, 33 percent of its telegraph lines, 33 percent of its used water power, 36 percent of its annual coal production, 47 percent of its annual steel production, 48 percent of its copper, 52 percent of its lumber, 56 percent of its cotton, 58 percent of its corn, 60 percent of its telephones, 67 percent of its annual petroleum production, and 86 percent of its automobiles.

65,000,000 Refugees in China

ACCORDING to a report by the Nanking National Relief Commission no less than 65,000,000 Chinese were driven from their homes last year by civil wars, banditry, famines, droughts and floods.

Huge Classes in London Schools

AFTER all the efforts that have been made to provide the poor with proper instruction, it is a striking fact that half the children of London are even now being taught in classes with an enrollment of over 40 pupils each.

World’s Largest Daily Paper

THE London Daily Herald now claims the largest net circulation of any newspaper in the world, exceeding, as it does, 2,030,000 a day. The London Daily Mail had a circulation of 1,945,635 in 1929, but is down 10 percent from that figure now.

$10,000,000 for a Place of Refuge

FRIENDS of Samuel Insull are reported to have offered $10,000,000 to Turkey to assist in its five-year plan if they would but allow that gentleman a haven where he would be safe from deportation to the United States.

State Liquor Monopoly in Finland

THE state liquor monopoly in Finland is claimed to be a complete success. Profits are restricted to 7 percent. Drunkenness has been reduced; huge profits have been turned over to the national treasury. Bootlegging has ended.

The Helpless, Gibbering Imbecile of Interest

AYS Rupert Webb, of Pretoria, South Africa, in his little book entitled Feed, Clothe and House the People: “It is a simple process to analyze the fungous growth of interest on money. We will therefore analyze one hundred pounds invested, as from the year 1800, at the low rate of interest, say 3|%, and find: In the year 1820 this £100 with added interest became £200; in 1840, £400; in 1860, £800; in 1880, £1,600; in 1900, £3,200; in 1920, £6,400; and in 1933, £10,000. These figures are not fairy tales; they are the truth and demonstrate the fallacy of attempting to continue further with a system that has been able to drag us down to the depression, starvation and the unemployed state in which we now find ourselves. We have, by some unforeseen force, survived from the £100 invested in the year 1800, which has now grown to £10,000; but what of the next 60 years, when the £100 will have reached the colossal figure of £80,000? Is it possible to continue with such a Hydra-headed monstrosity of a system which has been able to degrade a sound, healthy nation with poverty and distress?” Mr. Webb’s proposed remedy is the taxable currency originally proposed by Silvio Gesell, and a seemingly sensible method of gradually doing away with the interest system that Mr. Webb properly describes as a helpless, gibbering imbecile. The interest system will demonstrate its own complete idiocy to anybody who knows how to multiply and divide.

Helping Forbes Out

O. Shoemaker, Washington, sends in an • item of the financial writer B. C. Forbes, in which Forbes says that in this country, among the things that we have that are the biggest in the world, are, respectively, the biggest band, insurance company, automobile company, steel corporation, electric manufacturing company, typewriter factory, telephone company, department store, oil company, woolen manufacturing company, copper company, smelting company, sugar refining company, packing plants, carpet factory, agricultural machinery plant, motion picture company, photographic supplies company, office appliance factories, mail order companies, radio corporation, utility corporations, fruit company, and canning plants. Shoemaker then is mean enough to say: “Why Forbes would stop where he did is a puzzle to me. Why, I can think of a lot more things: we have the biggest liars; we have the biggest hypocrites; we have the biggest misleading newspapers; we have the biggest crooked politicians; we have the biggest bunch of yes men on earth; we have the biggest bunch of jail birds that claim to belong to some church; we have the biggest variety of churches, which causes the biggest bunch of crooks, the biggest bunch of priests and preachers that blaspheme God, and the biggest bunch of bloodthirsty church members. Maybe I had better quit.”

The Bootleggers of Usury

incent Astor’s periodical Today tells of a young man in Louisville who borrowed $50 from a loan shark. The interest charged was $5 for two weeks, or at the rate of $130 for one year, 260 percent, and after paying regularly for a year the clerk would still owe the $50, which must be paid in a lump sum, as partial payments are not accepted. In instances, as high as 1,700 percent has been charged on loans. A man in Dallas borrowed $20; in four years he paid $640 in interest, and still owed the principal. In the same city was a girl who borrowed $25 from a loan agent, and paid him $4.50 a month for more than four years. In Mobile a woman paid $194 interest on a loan of $5 and sought relief from the state legislature only when the usurer threatened to seize her furniture. Usury (interest) is illegal Scripturally, and in the Golden Age will be punishable by death.

Chicago Man Bids $50,000 for a Throne

CHICAGO man, a Catalonian by birth, bid $50,000 for the throne of Andorra, the semirepublic between Spain and France. His bid was rejected, to the immense satisfaction of everybody. The little republic would have liked to have the $50,000, but it had not fallen so low as to sell out.

Echoes of the Big Slump

OME of the echoes of the big slump in the United States are that one out of every six banks closed, one out of every forty-five hospitals had to give up, and one out of every twenty-two businesses went to the wall. Many religious papers had to give up the fight.

Automobile Information

By 0. Parkinson (Michigan)

THE following facts and figures are from the 1933 edition of the booklet prepared and published by the National Automobile Chamber of Commerce, which includes the manufacturers of all cars excepting the Ford Company:

Production in the United States and Canada for 1932 was 1,431,494 vehicles:

1. Passenger cars 1,186,209

2. Trucks 245,285

Foreign sales totaled 181,055 vehicles.

In 1932 registrations in the United States totaled 24,136,879 vehicles, of which 20,903,422 were cars.

Capital invested in car and truck factories amounted to $1,489,900,000.

Number of direct employees in car and truck factories was 229,841. Number of employees direct and indirect, 3,901,800.

Number of motor vehicle dealers in United States, 39,871.

There were 2,900,000 motor vehicles scrapped in 1932.

The average life of cars is now 7j years.

Total of registration fees in all states was $324,273,000.

The state tax on gasoline totaled $513,047,239.

Of all new ears, 62% are bought by persons with yearly incomes of less than $3,000.

Of all cars, 89% sell for less than $750 wholesale.

Of old vehicles, 6,400,000 are ready for junking.

People owning automobiles pay by way of taxes:

1. $2,041 a minute

2. $122,833 an hour

3. $2,947,992 a day

Highways in the United States total in mileage 3,040,000.

The automobile industry in 1932 consumed in forms of steel or iron:

1. 53% strips

2. 28% bars

3. 23% sheets

4. 54% malleable iron

5. 77% alloy steel manufactured, and ranks as the first customer for these particular items.

The automobile industry is responsible for the use of:

1. 85% of the gasoline

2. 80% of the rubber

3. 43% of the plate glass

4. 28% of the nickel

5. 34% of the lead

6. 14% of the mohair

7. 53% of the upholstering leather

There are 317,200 retail gasoline outlets.

There are 63,400 school buses in use.

The automobile industry ranks second among manufacturing industries, being exceeded only by the meat packing industry.

Of the world motor output, 72% is in the United States and Canada.

In the entire world there are registered 33,602,000 motor vehicles.

Zambezi Bridge Nearing Completion

THE bridge across the Zambezi river, in Africa, which, it is expected, will mean much to Nyassaland, will be completed in May of next year. There are 46 spans and 1,805 feet of viaduct. Most of the piers go down to 110 feet below water level. The estimated cost of the bridge is $7,500,000.

Severe in Europe Too

LAST winter was severe not only in America, but in Europe too. On one occasion all the passes in the Pyrenees were blocked with snow. About the same time a motor coach in Germany was buried under thirteen feet of snow, but was eventually dug out and taken to the next village.

Palestine Covered with Highways

TWENTY years ago Palestine was a roadless and a schoolless land. Now, so returned travelers say, it has excellent automobile roads running in every direction, many excellent small cities, well-cultivated fields and fine institutions of learning, and no bread lines.

Record Speed to South America

FLYING in relays the German transatlantic air line recently covered the 5,700 miles between Berlin and the coast of Brazil in 3 days 8 hours 40 minutes. The record was established on the return flight.

The Horrible New Gases

haeles de C. Johnston, of British Columbia, writing of the new gas, diphenlchlorasine, says:

‘ ‘ Three drops will kill. This gas will penetrate any mask, causing its removal and allowing the more deadly gases, with which it may be mixed, a clear field. General A. Ross, M.P., noted military medical man, claims that a portion of this gas mixed with 10,000,000 parts of air will put a human creature out of action in one minute. As far back as 1918 this gas was used on a herd of goats. All were killed but four. These four, in their agony, smashed their heads against fences. More so, it is stated by this general that the gas can be put up in five-pound containers, 600 forming a load for a commercial airplane. Two of these planes, not a military type even, can carry sufficient to destroy the population of London. Many more gases can be named. Take cacodyl isocyanide. One breath of this gas is absolutely fatal. Diethyl telluride will penetrate the skin without injuring it, yet this gas is 100 times greater in its effect than strychnine. With these gases, General Ross notes, a bomb of an incendiary nature, when dropped from a plane, develops a heat up to 3,000 degrees, piercing iron, steel and earth to get at gas mains. Two pounds of this gas is sufficient to destroy a large city.”

Early Development of Paper

By IF. F. Cleaver

(Reprinted from The Inland Printer}

HIDDEN away “among the flags by the river’s brink”, the infant Moses was saved from the death that menaced him under Pharaoh’s decree. These “flags” were papyrus, a tall, smooth-stemmed reed of triangular form, which grew to a height of ten or fifteen feet, and terminated in a tufted plume. From its smooth green stems was made, as early as 2000 B.C., a material called by the same name, “papyrus,” a crude paper. The outer rind of the stem was first removed, exposing an interior made up of numerous successive fiber layers, some twenty in number. These were separated with a pointed instrument, or needle, arranged side by side on a hard, smooth table, crossed at right angles with another set of strips placed above, and then dampened. After pressure had been applied for a number of hours the sheets were taken out and rubbed with a piece of ivory, or with a smooth stone or shell, until the desired surface was obtained, when the process was complete except for drying in the sun. Single sheets made thus were fastened together

to form the papyrus rolls. Some of these rolls were thirty feet in length.

Parchment came as a substitute for papyrus when Egypt, having a monopoly of papyrus, refused to sell it to Attalus, king of Pergamus, so the story goes. The skins of sheep and goats were employed in the making of parchment. Vellum was made from skins of young calves, and was used extensively by the early printers in editions of books for royalty and people of wealth.

History gives the credit of the invention of actual paper, as we know it, to the Chinese emperor Hati, whom the orientals reverence as a sort of super-scientist. He employed for some thirty years a learned Chinese scholar named Tsi-Lun to investigate means of producing writing material and, after various experiments with silk cloth and other materials, he succeeded in making a fair grade of paper, beating to a fiber bamboo and old rags.

Interesting A. T. & T. Items

OF THE 681,000 Bell System stockholders, 381,000 are women and 115,000 are Bell System employees. At the close of the year 1933 there were 13,163,000 telephones in service; the average tax on each telephone was $6.42. The total assets of the system at the end of the year were $4,907,000,000. Nineteen ships can now be reached while at sea from any Bell System telephone, and at the end of 1933 all the telephones in the world, except those in China, Japan, New Zealand, and Russia, could be reached from any Bell System telephone. Shortly, and perhaps by the time this is written, all these countries can be reached.

Burlington’s New Streamline Train

THE Zephyr, the Burlington’s new streamline train, is 197 feet long and carries 72 passengers in the three cars that make up the train. These three cars, all together, weigh only as much as an ordinary Pullman car. The rear of one car and the front of another rest upon the same truck, so that, all together, there are but sixteen wheels under the train, instead of thirty-six, as usual. Built of stainless steel, The Zephyr is unpainted. As all the parts of each car are welded together, each car is virtually but a single piece of metal. The train is expected to make upward of 100 miles an hour.

Southern Californitfs Great Effort to Get Water

IT IS a matter of life and death, literally, for southern California that it go on with its water project. The average rainfall in that section is but 15 inches, the underground water supplies are seriously depleted, some wells are down 350 feet, and 47 square miles of water land have been ruined by the intrusion of salt water. The distance from the Colorado river to the reservoir at Cajalco is 241 miles; there are tunnels on the route of 10, 8, 3, 7, 3, 4,1, 33, 2, 13, 1 and 7 miles, 92 miles in all. More than a hundred routes were surveyed before the route was selected. Boulder Dam is being rushed to completion by the Government largely because it is universally recognized that southern California urgently needs the water to be made available by the dam.

Spanish Home Burned by Meteor

AT THE village of Rinconada, Spain, Francisco Megia had the novel and not-to-be-desired experience of having his house hit by a meteor. With a roar like an airplane, what looked like a column of smoke came hurtling from the skies direct for the little home. Striking the house, the building was first filled with a heavy odor of sulphur and burned coal, and then, the family barely escaping with their lives, the whole house burst into flames and was totally consumed.

Will Spend $51,000,000 Studying Man

THE Russian government is spending $51,000,000 in the study of man. The institution in which this will be done will consider man from every angle, from genetics and eugenics through education in all its branches to the adult functioning of the human body. Persons in sound health will be studied to try to find out what it is that makes them well. There will also be some study and treatment of the sick.

America's First Diesel Train

THE new Burlington streamlined train is the first of the Diesel-powered streamliners in this country. Similar trains are in use in Germany and are a pronounced success. The total weight of this new train, of three units, is 85 tons, in place of 300 tons for the regular equipment. It is built of stainless steel, and capable of making two miles a minute.

Eye-Grafting Operation at Newcastle

AT NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE, England, a man twenty-nine years old now beholds the world about him for the first time since he was two years of age, at which time measles destroyed his sight. As they lay side by side on the operating tables the cornea (the thin membrane covering the pupil of the eye) was removed from a fellow man, blind for another reason, and successfully grafted upon the afflicted man’s eyes. Two operations were necessary; at one of them a woman was the donor of the cornea of one of her eyes, and, oddly enough, the man who now sees does not know the name of the good woman who made his vision possible.

Sterilization Overrated

"TjR. C. Leonard Huskins, professor of genetics U at McGill University, Montreal, points out that if all the feeble-minded were sterilized, the proportion of feeble-minded to the population would be decreased by only about 11 percent; it would take many generations of sterilization to make a decrease of 20 percent, and the percentage could never be decreased by more than 50 percent, no matter what steps were taken. To entirely wipe out feeble-mindedness, it would be necessary to wipe out all the relatives, including parents, brothers, sisters, uncles, aunts, and cousins.

A Correction from Alaska

SAYS Fridijov Hoen: “In an issue of The Golden Age there was a report of the disappearance in Alaska of Augustine Island. That report is not correct. I was on the island twice last summer and it was then as it has been for the last twenty-three years. From my cabin here I can see it every clear day. That report did not originate in Rome, but in a town here by the name of Anchorage.”

The Discovery of Dynamite

r. Alfred B. Nobel, whose 100th birthday was recently celebrated in Sweden, was an ardent lover of peace, though he was the discoverer of dynamite and ballistite, which made modern warfare possible. Without the discovery of dynamite there would be no Panama canal, no Simplon tunnel, and quarrying and building would lag tremendously.

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