Golden Age, September 27, 1933
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The Golden Age
A JOURNAL OF FACT HOPE AND COURAGE
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in this issue
MORE ABOUT CLOTHING
"HOLY YEAR” OF AHOLAH AND OF AHOLIBAH
AND OTHER NEWS ITEMS
CAPITALISM IS DEAD
CLASSIFICATION OF FOODS
OBEDIENCE GIVES BOLDNESS
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every other WEDNESDAY
five cents a copy one dollar a year Canada & Foreign 1.25
Vol. XIV-No. 366
September 27, 1933
CONTENTS
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LABOR AND ECONOMICS
Third of Pennsylvania Unemployed 816
SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL
More About Clothing.....803
“Holy Year" oe Aholah . . , 810
— AND OF AhOLIBAH......811
145,000 Homeless Women and Girls 812 Witch-Burnings in Canada . . . 813 “News" Appreciated Truth . . 814 Robot Preacher Now.....814
Wr Pray for .Jehox xh's
Goxernment.......816
Medalie Hit Nail on Head .... 817 12,000 War Munition Plants . . . S17 Unemployment Ruining Youth . . 818 ’One Touch Makes World Kin’ . 829 Index to Volume XIV of
“The Got,den Age"
“Carried Over"
FINANCE—COMMERCE—TRANSPORTATION
Locating Stock Exchange's Heart . 816
Common Sense from The Arbitrator 817
Cost of World War
Thirty Cowhides for Pair of Shoes . 818
Anything May Happen
Who Ordered the Baby Bonnets? . S20
POLITICAL—DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN
Fascism in Sweden
Travel Allowances of Senators . . 816
What a Lucky Generation! . . . 817
Inauguration of NRA
AGRICULTURE AND HUSBANDRY
Reforestation Nov,’ Under Way . . 820
SCIENCE AND INVENTION
Busy People Burn Up Sugar . . , 826
HOME AND HEALTH
Classification of Foods .... 823
Poor Little Baby Mother! .... 824
The Deadly Mosquito
TRAVEL AND MISCELLANY
Slavery in Russia
Does Justice Have Itching Palms?
Food Purveyors to Reforestion
Workers
Police Quell Riots Thej' Cause . .
Capitalism Is Dead
Two Types of Mothers
RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY
The Favors of “Holy Year" . . 809
The Papal System
“All of Pagan Origin" .... 810
Huge Swindle in Belgium .... 810
Rome — Aholah's Holy City . . . 810
The Rock of Peter
The Purgatory Swindle . . .
Prize Liar
The Bible Game
Cadman’s Radio Hour
Remaley Puts on Vestments . . .
Five Preachers Hear Good News
Obedience Gives Boldness . . . 825
Published evoiy other Wednesday by GOLDEN AGE PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. 117 Adams Slieet. Brooklyn, N. Y., U. S. A. Clajton J. Woodworth 1'rexidt.nt Nathan H. Knorr lice Pt esident Robert S. Emciy Secretaty and Treasurer l-IVE CENTS A COPY
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Entered as second-class matter at Brooklyn, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, Js79.
The Golden Age
Volume XIV
Brooklyn, N. Y., Wednesday, September 27, 1933
Number 366
More About the Clothing of Men and Women
THE French are rated as having a weakness for uniforms. Every kind of man in every kind of job where it is possible is put in a uniform. When the uniforms are badly worn they go to Africa, where they do duty all over again. The black man is never so happy as when in a white man's cast-off uniform.
Theatrical costumes, after a theatrical production has folded up, go to gladden the hearts of bucks in the Cameroons or Basutoland. The world's recognized market for tin stage-armor is northern Zululand, and it seems that they insist on wearing it even on the hottest days. It is said that native soldiers fight better when dressed in gaudy uniforms. The Devil had that all figured out long ago. Fenton's translation of Ezekiel 28:12 says: "Thou art a past master of science.” Military uniforms, and their effects upon the minds of men and women, have had much to do with maintaining the Devil's institutions, and still have much to do therewith.
The cast-off clothing of New Yorkers goes all over the world. On Elizabeth street, in the heart of Chinatown, New York city, the street is lined with stores which will buy anything in the line of clothing or shoes that has anything of present or prospective value left in it.
The highest grades of men’s and women’s wearing apparel are sold secondhand to New Yorkers themselves who know where to locate such shops. There are women who scorn to be seen more than once or twice in the same gown, or who dispose of dresses which their husbands do not like. Some tailors bluff their richest customers into thinking they need new suits, when all that the old ones need is pressing and they are as good as ever. Then they get the cast-off clothes as a perquisite.
Shoes — Stockings
In the days of the Roman Empire laws were passed which tried to regulate the style of shoe to be worn by each class. It was a foolish law.
In the Middle Ages the pointed toes of shoes were sometimes two or three times the length of the foot. It was a foolish custom, klankind and womankind seem to possess an infinite capacity for making fools of themselves.
Present styles in footwear seem to be sensible, as to men’s shoes. Women's high-heeled shoes are a menace to the health and life of the wearer. The heel set in the middle of the instep fools nobody, least of all the wearer. Many a woman has been crippled for life by wearing high-heeled shoes.
Styles in shoes are certainly better now than they were in the seventeenth century, when they were so long and pointed that they were an encumbrance to the wearer and had to be hooked up by their projecting tips to make walking possible.
On account of their elaborate ornamentation, the shoes of cowboys, running as high as $42.50 a pair, are probably the most expensive footwear.
The first persons to wear stockings were priests. The first pair of silk stockings ever worn in England were made for Edward VI, son of the much-married Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour. The highest price on record for one pair of women’s hosiery is $2,000. The clocks in these consisted of real diamonds. Lace stockings at $500 to $800 a pair can be had at any time.
The short skirts made silk stockings a necessity for all women, and lengthened them, adding $43,000,000 a year to the women’s budget for hose. Of the 60,000,000 pairs of women’s hose now made in America, less than half are of cotton. Should the stockingless fad spread, as it probably will, the demand for stockings in the summer is bound to greatly decrease.
Jewelry and Buttons
Precious stones are often mentioned in the Scriptures, as in the high priest’s breastplate, 803
the covering of Lucifer, and in the foundations of the New Jerusalem. Solomon, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and perhaps others of the writers of Sacred Writ, mention them.
Tn symbolic imagery Jehovah God addresses Jerusalem (‘'■Christendom") : “I clothed thee also with broidered work, and shod thee with badgers' skin, and I girded thee about with fine linen, and I covered thee with silk. I decked thee also with ornaments, and I put bracelets upon thy hands, and a chain on thy neck. And I put a jewel on thy forehead, and earrings in thine ears, and a beautiful crown upon thine head.’’ •—Ezekiel 16:10-12.
Nose rings and toe rings, once worn, are out of style. In the sixteenth century the popular place to wear the ring was on the thumb. Wrist rings (bracelets) are still in use. Ankle rings (anklets) are sometimes worn. The Romans wore heavy rings in summer, and lighter rings in winter.
At any 10c store a woman can get “jewels” to fit any costume. Rich people seldom wear their genuine jewels; they keep them in the safety deposit boxes and usually exhibit themselves in carefully made imitations. It is well known that certain types of earrings are adapted to certain faces and produce impressions not otherwise obtainable.
Buttons, as ornaments, are traced back to the year 1250 (A.D.). The earliest mention of the buttonhole occurs in the year 1561. At one time hand-made, hand-painted buttons were worth $5 apiece. As they have cheapened they have multiplied mankind's sorrows, but not woman's. She found a better way out of the dilemma.
Today a man has 5 buttonholes in his pajama coat, 3 in his pajama pants, 8 in his union suit, 5 in his shirt front, 8 in his soft cuffs, 3 in his collar, 3 in his shirt collar, 2 in his shirt sleeves, 6 in his trousers, 5 in his vest, 3 in his coat, and 3 in his overcoat; total, 51. A man that goes insane is said to have “lost his buttons”. The effect is substituted for the cause.
Hats and Corsets
Julius Caesar pulled a fold of his toga over his head; it was all the hat he had or needed. Millinery got its start in Milan, Italy, whence the name Milaner, milliner. Italy still pays much attention to hats. The home of the greatest racket ever conceived on this earth, it still bestows the red hat on its chief racketeers, the cardinals.
Because he is naturally artistic, an Italian in his native land will wear a plume in his hat without batting an eyelash. In 1928, to offset the hatless wave then passing over the earth, a certain kind of hat, the "varsity straw”, was made compulsory headgear for Italian college youths. Ever hear of Leghorn hats ? They come from Leghorn, Italy.
The man that caused us to lose our top feathers is dead; so we cannot do anything more to him. He was a Swiss. He invented the hat in 1404, and men have been bald ever since. The hat was first made in England, in 1510. The Jews of Spain were once compelled to wear yellow hats; in Germany bankrupts had to wear yellow and green hats. Once a year the pope used to “bless” hats of violet silk, lined with ermine and embroidered with gold and jewels. He sent these around as gifts to other crooks.
It is less than 150 years since the prince of Wales, at his first court ball, shone resplendent in a hat that was trimmed with 5,000 steel beads. He had on pink-heeled shoes, and his black velvet suit was covered with pink and gold spangles and lined with pink satin. Him must have looked booful in him’s pitty clothes!
Panama hats are not made in Panama, but they come through Panama on their way to market. Ecuador, Peru and Colombia are the producers. The material is the shredded leaf of a small palm. The weavers begin work early in the morning, to keep the shreds from drying, and keep their fingers constantly damp. It takes three weeks to make a single hat, and the price on the spot is usually $50.
The most costly hat of record is a $1,500 sombrero presented to General Grant in Mexico, said to be the finest specimen of a Mexican sombrero ever made. Secretary of State Seward, of Lincoln's cabinet, had a Panama hat that cost $1,000. A good cowboy’s sombrero may cost $20.
Because of her absence of taste, and her unwillingness to wear anything but bonnets of a certain shape, Queen Victoria had the milliners of two generations in despair.
The shape of the cardinals’ red hat, with its broad brim, small, flat crown, and cords and tassels of special pattern, has not changed in seven hundred years.
The “stovepipe” hat now affected by politicians is an outgrowth of the Puritan steeple-crowned hat. Benjamin Franklin carried it to Paris, and Paris carried it to the ends of the earth. The Puritans wore their hats indoors and everywhere.
Britishers call a derby hat a “bowler”. The French call it a “melon”.
Hat sizes are fixed by measuring the length inside from front to back, and then the middle width. Add together and divide by two. The result is the size.
In the seventeenth century both men and women wore corsets, and they may still be had for both men and women. Not so long ago they were still in use at West Point, and may be yet. Women have greatly improved their figures and their health by their general abandonment of corsets.
Changing Women’s Styles
The universal and perpetual entertainment of the new generation is to laugh at the styles of the generation that is gone, or going. As soon as a new style appears a woman wants the thing, whatever it is, because every other woman is getting one. But as soon as every other woman really does have it, then she wants something else, because it is so generally in use.
Take this matter of sleeves. In the reign of Richard II they were so long and so wide that they often reached to the feet. Thieves carried their booty up their sleeves. In the reign of Henry IV a law was passed prohibiting the wearing (by men) of scarlet robes twelve yards wide, with sleeves, called “side sleeves” (a term still persisting in Britain), hanging to the ground, and bordered or lined with fur, if of the value of £20 or more. If they had to pass a law for men, where did the women get off ?
Under the Norman kings sleeves were fitted down as far as the elbow, there to break off into loose flaps a yard long. Sometimes these flaps were tied in a knot. Norman kings and knights wore their coats of arms on their sleeves. Almost nobody could read, and before a knight busted the head of another man he looked at his heraldic device to make sure he was pasting the right man.
In the days of Chaucer sleeves for both men and women were of the most beautiful and costly fabrics conceivable, and of every color imaginable. They were removable, and each sleeve of different materials and colors. A man spending a week-end in the country had to rise early so as to baste or sew on his sleeves for the day, and when he was ready to appear in company he looked like an escaped lunatic.
Our own times have seen women dressed in jerseys with tight-fitting sleeves, and they have seen her with leg-of-mutton sleeves, tight on the lower arm and at least a foot in diameter near the shoulder. Fifty years ago she laced until she could hardly breathe. It was the style.
In the Days of the Whale
The whale is about gone, and what we shall do for soap when he is numbered among the missing is something somebody else will have to figure out. But in his day he made lots of excitement for the men, and provided the women with bustles, stays and hoopskirt patterns. Every woman tried to look like a whale, and some of them succeeded. There was a time when if two women met each other on a sidewalk one of them had to walk in the road. Some of the whalebone went into fans. They too have passed away.
One of the jobs of the king of England is that every year he and the queen have to select four women’s dresses. That decision determines what will be worn in the British court that year. It is not such a whale of a job now as it was when hoopskirts were in vogue.
You don't remember the days of the bangs, do you? They were a fright. The women have labored hard through the ages to see how badly they could look, but they have looked well anyway. The worse the style, the better they show off in it, and there is a suspicion that they know that well.
There has been a change in architecture, due to the change in women’s styles and in the women themselves. In 1910 the correct width for a stadium seat was considered 19 inches; now it is 17 inches, and this change enabled Princeton University to seat 6,000 more persons in its stadium.
Thousands of years ago the women of Mesopotamia wore golden hair nets and changed their style of hairdressing constantly, to keep abreast of the times.
Paris the Center for Women’s Styles
Paris still nominates the styles for the rest of the world. The Toronto Daily Star says: “It may be shocking, but it is nevertheless true, that the naughty ladies of Paris come closer to being the arbiters of fashion than any other influence that could be named.” The present style in women's hats dates from the moment Lindbergh took off his aviator’s helmet at Le Bourget, after his flight from New York to Paris.
ne QOLDEN AQE
America buys her models in Paris, but makes her own dresses. So it has come about that Paris has become a great experimental depot at which the effort is made to find out what w’ill “take”. The artists of the world gather there, and change is always in the air. The French try to anticipate what the Americans will like, and succeed very well; but sometimes they miss it.
Some American firms are said to employ artists whose powers of perception and memory are such that they can inspect thirty model dresses and go to their rooms and draw every one of the thirty, and color it just as it was in the original. The drawings are then sent posthaste to America, and sometimes enable the American manufacturers to get a start of a week or more on what is doing in Paris. This bootlegging of fashions is rightly considered a disreputable piece of business.
Paris employs both male and female manikins to exhibit models, the males having only recently been put to work. The general use in America of the automobile has had a distinct effect on styles. Out of twenty models carefully and painfully and secretively designed, it may be that only one or two will make a hit, and nobody can tell which they will be until the manikins begin their parades. Fashion is a perennial gamble. Nobody can direct it long.
Women Have Achieved Dress Reform
The women have achieved dress reform, and it looks as if the reform is a permanent one. The move toward pajamas is probably only a fad. Skirts are really more becoming, more comfortable, and more sanitary. And they are cooler, too. When a leg or arm is wholly enclosed it is made unduly warm.
A dog carries only about one-fiftieth of his weight in fur, and seems to get along all right in cold weather. A man that weighs 150 pounds will have 15 pounds of clothes. It is too much. Women now have clothes that weigh only about one-tenth what they used to weigh. And they do not complain of feeling the cold. But they would not complain anyway, if it was the style, even if they froze solid.
The reduction in feminine clothes, i.e., the reduction in weight, has definitely added to feminine health and stamina. The puny, neurasthenic women of fifty years ago are no longer to be seen. British physicians who have examined thousands of boys and girls report that the girls are much better developed than the boys. Women’s clothes are all washable, too, and that has not a little to do wfith their better health.
The Life Extension Institute, which made a study of the facts, states that the average weight of a man’s clothing, minus his shoes, is ten pounds, while the average weight of a woman's clothing, minus her shoes, is 22 ounces, or just one-fifth that of the man’s, and the woman, in her featherweight apparel, can outwalk, outdance, outrun and outswim her mate. Women's thin summer clothing, with its lack of tight collars and belts, has always been the envy’ of the men.
Another important item: A woman can buy three or four dresses, and look beautiful in each of them, for the price the man has to pay for a single suit. Masculine taste is to dress well enough to be unnoticcable; feminine ambition is to dress well enough to attract attention.
With a machine or device specially made for the purpose, the Hygienic Institute of the University7 of Munich proved that tight-fitting clothes, and especially the perfect fit of a coat, should be avoided. Everything must be loose on the body. Sleeves and trousers, in particular, should have wide openings. An open or V-form collar should be preferred to any’ other.
The Fight for Short Skirts
The French designers first put the women into short skirts, and they were obedient enough. Then, in 1927, they7 tried to move them the other way, and the women would not budge. They liked the freedom of the short skirts, and every’-body liked the pretty silk stockings. The women won out, and it so discouraged and disgusted the leading French designer, Paul Poiret, that he retired from the conflict, and has settled down in the country.
The president of the French Academy’ was similarly affected. He said, mournfully, that now, “when you have painted half the length of a woman's portrait, there is nothing more worth painting.” As artistic material for a canvas he considers the flowing robes of a long dress much more interesting than the prettiest pair of silk stockings ever made.
The girls of Hunter College, New York, put the matter to a vote, 6,000 of them voting, and seventy percent of them revealed themselves as rebels against long skirts, ■which they denounced as impractical, uncomfortable, uneconomical, inconvenient in the subway, and unhygienic.
The result of the action of the girls of Hunter College, and literally millions of other American girls and women, was a buyers’ strike which nearly ruined many department stores and created a panic in Paris. Hitherto the designers had led the way and the women followed, but on long dresses, nix. The department stores that carried only the long dresses in stock found that the average selling time for each dress had increased about one-third. Sales fell off alarmingly. The women won the fight.
The cloth-makers were intensely interested in this fight. When it started they announced cheerfully that "something like 150,000,000 more yards of varied fabrics will be ordered in a year to make the long, flowing draperies of the evening frocks, and the circular and flared skirts of day dresses"; but it did not take place.
In Budapest, in 1930, a young woman sued an elderly man because he stepped on the train of her dress. That would have been all right but the shoulder straps of her dress both snapped; and if you know what happened then, you had better come in here and write about it, for the thing is too complicated to fit into this typewriter. The court ruled that that man was not to blame; the girl had a right to wear what she pleased, but it was her business to look after her skirts and not have them in a place where they could be walked on; a good argument for short skirts.
Men Shocked (?) by Short Skirts
The minute you find a man who sees anything wrong with a girl's wearing short skirts you may know right away that you cannot trust him as far as you could throw a bull by the tail; the biggest squawkers about a thing of this kind are mentally unbalanced on the subject.
Once in a while comes a statement from Vatican City about “the shameless immodesty of dress of modern women which results in insults to the eyes of God”. When the Creator made woman He made a beautiful thing and endowed her with enough sense to take proper care of herself without having a bunch of more or less celibate priests, who themselves dress in long skirts, wailing over her “lost condition” because she reveals some of her charms. Silly attacks on women’s dress have been carried by the Roman clergy all over the world, and accomplished exactly nothing.
When the congress of idolatry, otherwise called the “Eucharistic Congress”, came off at Dublin, the Irish girls were obliged to have sleeves sewn in their dresses. It is a wonder that the rules did not require them to be sewn up in sacks. The whole thing harks back to the harem and the purdah.
One of the duties of the “apostolic” administrator of the Tyrol is to see to it that no girl wears flesh-colored stockings, and that her dresses have sleeves to the elbows, skirts halfway between knee and ankle, and collars that come within two inches of the neck. Perchance he sallies forth to “righteousness” with a tape measure and opera glasses!
The bishop of Saint-Brieuc, Brittany, France, even went so far as to prohibit boys’ wearing their shirts open too 1owt at the neck. He is in the wrong business. He should be a mortician.
League of Nations Takes a Hand
The League of Nations thought that if righteousness is merely a matter of covering up more of the women, they might as well have a hand in it, and followed up the Vatican’s pronuncia-mentos by forbidding bare legs to women entering the administration buildings, and prohibiting lawn tennis in bathing costumes. Women should be kept in bags, with puckering strings around the necks. The influence of the zenana and seraglio is plainly discernible.
General Pangalos, of Greece, undertook to interfere with the length of women’s skirts and got fired out of his job. Served him right. Meantime the progressive Kemal Pasha abolished the veil throughout Turkey.
As the “apostolic” spasm of righteousness over the length of women’s skirts spread around the world, there were frequent repercussions. In Budapest the wife of an American theater manager was arrested for indecent exposure as she was leaving a theater’ where she had witnessed a play. She had on a dress designed by one of Paris’ most eminent designers, Jeanne Lanvin, and says she is through with Hungary for ever.
At Asbury Park the board of old women and hypocrites comprising the Hotel Association went before the city fathers and tried to have women dressed in beach pajamas ruled as improperly dressed. A waste of breath.
In Jerusalem the rabbis covered the billboards with Jewish proclamations that girls would hereafter clothe themselves with the garments worn by their mothers “and little girls must be trained to wear their sleeves down to the greater part of their hand and their skirts to cover the greater part of their legs'’. How silly! Seems as if they could find something more important, and more nearly their own business, to talk about.
Suggestions About Women’s Dress
Men like manly men and womanly women. That is why men that dross in skirts make a poor hit with men, and why men do not rave over women dressed in bloomers or street pajamas ; not, however, that the women have not a perfect right to wear them, if they choose, but that women look more attractive in skirts.
A Paris court decided that a famous woman athlete was free to dress as she pleased as a private citizen, but as she insists on dressing in male garb she can, with propriety, be excluded from the French Women’s Sporting Federation unless, when she attends the Federation, she adopts women's attire. Seems like a sensible rule. Women should dress as women; men, as men.
No man can effectively dictate to women what they shall wear, and the women change their tastes, and are often illogical. When stagecoaches were small and crowded, women wore crinolines. The women of the present are the best dressed they have ever been.
One style changes another, profoundly. Short hair caused total loss of employment to 12,000 women in Chefoo, engaged in the making of hair nets. The general use of rayon has made great changes. The general use of the automobile will inevitably keep skirts short. Style affects and is affected by everything, houses, rooms, cars, offices, clothing, hairdressing, etc. The influence of demons is seen in the fact that fashionable women of London go to clairvoyants to get suggestions regarding dress designs.
Practical suggestions are that women who seek to look slender should choose dull colors and keep to the same tones throughout the costume. To enhance the height, emphasize the vertical lines and avoid encircling ones.
Black suggests the cynic, gray the humble, violet and purple the aristocrat, deep blue the thoughtful, light blue the frivolous, turquoise the witty, crimson the ardent and romantic; green, wholesomeness; yellow, entertainment; orange, conviviality. We take these from a lecture on color given in the Brooklyn Museum, by Nan Hornbeck.
In the reign of Louis XIV there were 500 fan-makers in Paris: now maybe there are five, but maybe not one. In the reign of Edward VI a woman worth £200 might have a silk dress; otherwise not. If a man was worth that amount he might have buttons at the knees and wear gold lace or silver lace. JFe laugh; and so will they (our descendants). Furs of animals tortured by being caught in steel traps are no longer popular; other furs may be had.
Trend to Standardization
The quaint costumes of remote corners of the earth are rapidly disappearing before the march of Western men and women in airplanes and automobiles, and especially before the march of the motion-picture man, showing Hollywood styles in every part of the planet.
Japan, though it still uses millions of kimonos, has switched over to Western dress almost bodily and China is rapidly following suit. It is asserted that a well-made kimono could be made to last forty years. As now made the kimono is of one piece, uncut. The garment is ripped entirely apart and washed in corn oil twice a year. The material is only twelve inches wide. The finest old gowns of China have been shipped to New York and cut into hangings and neckties. The ancient silks are superior to the tin-laden fabrics of the present.
The changes of dress enforced in Turkey have often been mentioned of late in the public press. Kemal Pasha insists that all Turkey shall dress in Western togs. Something of the same insistence seems to animate the rulers of Bolivia, who have just relegated to limbo the styles that have come down from the days of the Spanish conquest.
The Hungarian girls still wear from eight to a dozen daintily embroidered petticoats, all in different colors, handed down from many generations. Marriage trousseaus are objects of veneration approaching ancestor worship. It is a custom that should go, and probably will.
Overalls are now worn by all the women in a mill in New Bedford, Mass., on the ground that they are less liable to catch in machinery. A London maker of men's shirts has brought out a style for women.
Common Sense in Dress versus Snobbery
The desire to be well dressed is common, and it is reasonable. The desire to be overdressed, and the inclination to be proud because one has something in clothes that others do not have or cannot afford, is snobbery. Yet it does not seem that sameness is desirable in a world where there are such possibilities of color and of style. Look at the flowers. No two are exactly alike, even though there are thousands of styles, and millions made according to each style. Nevertheless, variations of costume were unknown to most of the nations of the ancient world.
In Hungary the Ministry of Culture ordered all schoolgirls to wear a common uniform, including sailor blouses. The style spread to Atlantic City, where, the last we knew, the highschool girls, in the effort to stop snobbery, were wearing middy blouses and blue skirts, which uniform, incidentally, is very becoming to young girls.
In English boarding schools for boys loud checks and Oxford bags are not allowed. Sunday suits of young men must be navy blue or dark gray. The black coat and striped trouser combination is taboo. The only cap allowed is the school cap. Only white soft collars are allowed. Socks must be black. In summer they may wear gray flannel shirts with collar attached.
The claim is made for the British that they are much less interested in style, and a good deal more insistent upon quality, than Americans. But the reverse claim is made that the leisured class in England is easily distinguishable by its clothes, while the clerks and small shopkeepers dress badly.
In Paris, to be well dressed, a woman is said to need from six to twenty umbrellas, one to go with each costume. In ancient Sparta they were not burdened with such foolishness, as the law permitted women only three dresses. The tendency of democracies is away from dress distinctions.
Reformers have always been against dress extravagance. Legislation against the wearing of costly apparel has been often enacted, but never accomplished anything. The extent to which expensive dressing may go was shown in the case of Madame Jeritza, the upkeep of whose wardrobe cost her between $40,000 and $50,000 a year. She had more than 200 pairs of shoes, and more than 500 pairs of hose, and was considered the best-dressed woman in grand opera. It is estimated that women spend more than twice as much on clothes now as they did before the war.
The girl of today can have a good-sized wardrobe for what it cost her grandmother for a single taffeta silk dress. Modern clothing is not made to last for generations. American girls do not wish to wear the old clothes worn by their great-grandmothers.
Hard times have wrought changes in women’s garb. Reversible coats are to be had. Chiffon dresses are made with two or more slips. The new artificial laces are both beautiful and unalterable ; they wear well, are waterproof and are less combustible than ordinary lace. In the West Indies there is a natural lace-like cloth which is used by the native women for dresses.
Perhaps, in the end, with a perfect climate, man may be clothed almost as he was in Eden, but probably not quite. Clothes, if always worn, will ever remind mankind of a time when they were naked before God and in need of the covering which in His great love He has provided.
The Favors of “Holy Year”
NOTICE how nicely it is all fixed up in the "'Holy Year-’. The two most prominent Americans are Franklin D. Roosevelt, Protestant, and Alfred E. Smith, Roman Catholic. Mr. Roosevelt is given the degree of LL.D, at the Roman Catholic university in Washington, and Mr. Smith is given the degree of LL.D, at the Protestant university of Harvard. Guests at the latter award of degrees were J. P. Morgan and Owen D. Young, with big politicians not a few.
Dispatches from Vatican City are that the ‘’Holy Year” will probably be prolonged for seven or eight weeks after it would normally end, carrying it over until May 20 or 27, next year. Meantime the Supreme Council of the Knights of Columbus pledged unanimous support of the Roosevelt policies.
Meantime, also, the K. of C. Holy Name Society is bending every energy to close the mouth of Judge Rutherford: to prevent him from broadcasting the truth over the radio.
The “Holy Year” of Aholah, the Harlot — Ezekiel 23
Rackets to Be Driven from New York City
Mayor O'Brien, of New York city, has ordered that all racketeering in the big city must come to an end. Just how the New York Stock Exchange, Tammany Hall and the Roman Catholic church will he ended, and what will he put in their place, has not been explained.
St. Patrick’s Cathedral in the Red
rpiIE rector of St. Patrick's cathedral, New
York city, is reported as saying that offerings have dwindled to such an extent as to threaten ability to meet expenses. Meantime, Catholic institutions are doing everything possible to get Judge Rutherford off the air at the earliest possible minute.
The Papal System
Macaulay, the famous British historian, said:
“The experience of twelve hundred eventful years, the ingenuity and patient care of forty generations of statesmen, have improved that policy (of Rome) to such perfection that, among the contrivances which have been devised for deceiving and controlling mankind, it occupies the highest place.”
“All of Pagan Origin”
THE following extract is from the Christian
World:
“Newman, in a passage of his ‘Essay on Development’, speaking of the early Catholicism in its contact with the heathen world, says: ‘Temples, incense, lamps and candles, votive offerings, holy water, asylums, holy days and seasons, processions, blessings on the fields, sacerdotal vestments, the tonsure, the ring in marriage, turning to the East, images, and the Kyrie Eleison are all of pagan origin, and sanctified by their adoption into the church.’ ”
Huge Swindle in Belgium
ON AUGUST 8, 1933, to see an apparition of the virgin Mary, which was not there, and to see some snowflakes fall which did not fall, the Belgian state railway ran forty excursion trains into Beauraing, Belgium, where a new Catholic church is under construction. The railroads are said to have gotten $240,000 out of the swindle, and the building fund of the church got a big boost.
Saint Christopher Still in the Mud '
AFTER the flying Mollisons landed in the mud <
at Bridgeport, everything was recovered, ;
even to the jewelry worn by Mrs. Mollison, ex- 1 cept a lone medal of St. Christopher. At last 1 810
accounts Chris vias still in the mud. St. Christopher, it should be explained, is the Roman Catholic “saint” that prevents accidents to travelers. The medal, so the Providence Visitor explains, was blessed by an Irish priest in 1932. Of course, that was a whole year before the Mollisons and Chris himself fell into the mud.
Rome — Aholah’s Holy City
Dean Alford, in his letters from abroad, describing the city of Rome, said:
“Rome is essentially a pagan city. Her churches . . . rise everywhere around. Bells are continually going . . . Yet, with very rare exceptions indeed, the worship of the people in these churches has nothing in common with Christianity. . . . God has passed out from the practical worship of the people: the Son of God has, as a matter of fact, ceased to be an object of their adoration. The Eternal Father is found in their pictures as an old man, — the divine Savior as a little child; but both are subservient, and nearly all their worship is subservient, to one purpose: the glorification of a great goddess” (Mary).
Rome contains 433 churches and chapels. Five are dedicated to the “Trinity”, fifteen to the Savior, four to the crucifix, two to the sacraments, two to the “Holy Ghost”, and 121 to the virgin Mary. Not one of them, of course, is dedicated to Jehovah God.
The Rock of Peter
THAT this matter of the primacy of Peter has been a matter of serious strife in the Roman Catholic church is apparent from the following memorandum accredited to Archbishop Kenrick, of St. Louis:
“Five varying interpretations of S. Matt. xvi. 18 occur. The first, that the church is built on the rock of Peter, is taught by seventeen fathers; the second, that the rock is the whole body of the apostles, represented by Peter in right of his primacy, is held by eight; the third, that the rock is the faith which Peter confessed, is the most authoritative, being supported by forty-four; the fourth, that the rock is Christ himself, is held by sixteen; while the fifth interpretation makes the rock to include all the faithful, being the living stones of which the church is built. No numbers are assigned to this last view, and it is to be observed that several of those who maintain the first and second opinions also support the third and fourth, and so may be deducted from the calculations.”
Accordingly, Archbishop Kenrick sums up thus: “ ‘If we are bound to follow the greater number of the fathers in this matter, then we must hold for certain that the word petra means, not Peter professing the faith, but the faith professed by Peter.’ ”
The Purgatory Swindle
OUT of 410 Roman Catholic priests, who, between them, left the very considerable sum of £12,499,868, only 84 of them believed sufficiently in “purgatory” to leave £31,779 for the ‘release of their souls from its fires’. When it came to their cash they bet 390 to 1 that the whole thing is a swindle.
“Father” J. Barrett, who left £12,547 and provided for the celebration of masses for 500 years after his death, was one of those who really believed in “purgatory”, of which he gives us the following secondhand description:
“Good God! how the great saints and doctors astonish me when they treat of this fire, and of the pain of sense, as they call it. For they peremptorily pronounce that the fire that purges those souls, those both happy and unhappy souls, surpasses all the torments that are to be found in this miserable life of man, or are possible to be invented; for so far they go. Out of which assertion it clearly follows that the furious fits of the stone, fever, or raging gout, the tormenting colic, with all the horrible convulsions of the worst diseases, nay, though you join racks, gridirons. boiling oil, wild beasts, and a hundred horses drawing several ways and tearing one limb from another, with all the hellish devices of the most barbarous and cruel tyrants, all this does not reach the least part of the mildest pains in purgatory.”
Rev. James P. Fullam, Prize Liar
XTIL this little scrimmage with the Roman Catholic dignitaries started there did not
seem to be any particular call for offering prizes to liars. We always knew, of course, that the priests of the Roman Catholic ‘church’ are the banner liars of creation, but it is only now that the Reverend James P. Fullam, pastor of St. Mary’s Church, Inc., Dalton, Nebraska, shines out more brilliantly than all the rest.
In a letter to radio station KGKY, seeking the removal of the Watchtower programs from the air, the Reverend Fullam delivers himself of the following paragraph, after which, with true Roman Catholic hypocrisy, he has the unmitigated gall to conclude with the expression, "In the spirit of American fair-play: ‘Live and let live.’ ”
Ex-Judge Rutherford's pet hobby seems to be that of taking delight in defamation of character and the utter destruction of religious freedom under the cloak of his title of Ex-Judge. His vitriolic remarks and vituperative attacks are made to assail 20,000,000 lawabiding citizens professing the Catholic religion in this country. The target for his poisonous arrows is particularly the supreme head and chief pastor of the Catholic church, the pope, whom he slanders with his venomous detractions. His stuff is so vicious that the New York Times called him the “uncompromising foe of organized Christianity”.
Take a glance at the lies (in italics) in that paragraph. Judge Rutherford has defamed nobody and destroyed nobody's religious freedom. Ue has made no vitriolic remarks and no vituperative attacks. He has not assailed any lawabiding citizens, let alone 20,000,000 of them. He has not shot poisonous arrows at anybody, not slandered the pope and not made venomous detractions against him, and his utterances are not vicious, but clean, true and wholesome, filled with logic, beauty and love.
Then what is it all about ? Nothing at all, except that Judge Rutherford has several times challenged the pope to appoint his best man, so that the two of them may, over the radio, discuss the interesting and important question as to whether or not the pope, claiming to represent Jehovah God, does in truth and in fact represent the Devil, of whom, it is apparent, the Reverend Janies P. Fullam is such a well-favored and buxom child.—John 8: 42-44.
— and of Aholibah, Her Younger Sister—Ezekiel 23
“Perfecting God” at Augusta
T THE All Souls Unitarian church, Augusta,
Maine, Reverend H. Mortimer Gesner, Jr., preached at 10: 30 a. m., Sunday, April 23,1933, on the subject “Perfecting God”. His conclusions were “that the perfection of God depends upon the perfection of man”. We record this as a sample of the depths of idiocy into which fallen man has plunged.
Cadman in Skirts
THE New York American publishes a picture of Reverend Dr. S. Parkes Cadman, LL.D., dressed in women's clothes for a part he was to play in a playlet put on by the trustees of the church of which he is the pastor. A man in skirts certainly looks comical. He is about the shape of the great big baked potato advertised by the dining-car service of the Northern railroads.
No Church Bells to Ring in Next R ar
A FTER nineteen hundred years of careful study, the clergy of Denmark have petitioned the government to abandon the practice of having the church bells rung to expedite mobilization in war time. They learned this much quicker than they do most things.
145,000 Homeless Women and Girls
AS A RESULT of a three-day census of the transient and the homeless made by the national board of the Young Women's Christian Association, it is estimated that there are 145,000 homeless women and girls in the United States, female tramps. It is hoped that sometime conditions in America may rise to the level prevailing in Darkest Africa, where, among the intelligent heathen blacks, such a condition of things would not be tolerated.
Sierra Madre’s Astonishing City Manager
IN SIERRA MADRE, California, the city manager debarred from a municipal art exhibition a painting depicting the miracle of Christ changing the water into wine at the marriage in Cana. Why stop there? Why not invade the churches and homes of the city and tear from ever}7 Bible the second chapter of the Gospel according to John? A still more thorough job would be to burn all the Bibles in the city, and have all believers in the Scriptures shot at sunrise. The city manager explained that the subject is controversial. How sad!
The Bible Game
< <rFHE Bible Game,” bearing the endorsements of Reverend Dr. S. Parkes Cadman, Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, Reverend Charles E. Coughlin, and ten other bishops, rabbis and other clergymen, is a clever enough subscription plan, and a good bookselling racket too.
The way it works is that you scrutinize 75 pictures and tell what texts they represent. The thirty prizes for best answers range from $225 down to $5 each. The catch is in the statement “All verse-answers for the series of pictures must be found in a reference book entitled ‘The Bible Treasury’.” That helps sell the book and collects names of prospects.
The newspaper publishes the four pages several times. They get part of their pay in subscriptions ; maybe all of it. It is a “Bible Game” all right, and is being popularized in Illinois.
Clergy Business in South Africa
A CLIPPING from the Week-End Advertiser, just at hand, says:
Young men who qualify for the church, after seven or eight years of study, are finding it increasingly difficult to get work. Many of them pass their examinations and are ordained only to find that they may have to wait for years before a congregation becomes available. Some of those who became clergymen during the past two or three years have returned to the university to take teachers’ courses, while others have turned to farming and other lay occupations.
Britain’s Ecclesiastical Hoboes
THE tithe was a tax laid by the feudal system upon land owners, so as to take the care of the clergy from the shoulders of the feudal aristocracy and place it upon the farmers. But as the ecclesiastical hoboes got hard up they sold their tithes to laymen, public schools, colleges, nonconformist ministers, the war office, or anybody that would purchase. And now there are more of them for sale than ever, for the farmers have risen in revolt and are refusing to pay them to anybody at all.
Machine Guns on a Rum Ship
WHEN the British rum ship Anna came into
Finnish waters to unload a cargo of alcohol the Finnish coast guard was interested until the rum ship got out a machine gun and got it ready for action. Ordinarily it is not considered to be good form for sailors of one nationality to murder officers of another nationality when they are engaged in the discharge of their duties, but maybe as this was a British rum ship, and the Church of England is one of the leading stockholders in British distilling companies, we had better not say anything about it, for fear of offending somebody.
Cadman’s Radio Hour
THE announcement was made over the radio that Cadman’s radio hour is in debt $15,000 and the suggestion was made that it might be a good thing to come across and help pay it. It strikes us as a most interesting thing that here is the Cadman hour, backed by Big Business, widely advertised in the papers and over the radio, and cannot maintain itself. And then here is Judge Rutherford, talking regularly over many times as many stations, and never asks anybody for a red cent. And further, it would be hard for anybody to offer a valid reason why the Cadman programs should be financed, but Judge Rutherford’s addresses contain food for the mind and heart of all classes, rich and poor, high and low, and are worthy of universal support.
Tried to Keep His Job
SAPULPA (Oklahoma) dominie was fired by the congregation, but his contract had yet three months to run; so he got a permit to carry a pistol, on the grounds that his life had been threatened, but he drew it on the congregation as he tried to minister to their spiritual needs after he had been fired. Then the congregation got sore and had him arrested. Now if he had only spent that money for an alarm clock instead of a gun, you can see for yourself that he would be away ahead. Now he has no job, no alarm clock and no money to buy one, and faces a fine besides. It surely is tough.
Remaley Puts on the Vestments
UR SUNDAY VISITOR, Roman Catholic paper of Huntington, Indiana, once edited by an ex-Presbyterian minister, cpiotes at length and approvingly from the writings of B. E. Remaley, of Portland, Oregon, once a prominent ‘Bible Student’ of that city, in which that gentleman is quoted as saying:
No one knows better, or should know better, than the officials of the Watch Tower Society who were sentenced and served nine months in the Atlanta penitentiary, that the offense was not on account of religious faith or doctrine, but on account of the Espionage Act, and they were amenable. And not only amenable to that but also to God's law as expressed in Romans 13: 1-15, and suffered as evil-doers, and not for righteousness’ sake.
It will be apparent from this that this former ‘Bible Student’ has taken his stand with the one that led Jesus up into a high mountain and offered Him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time if He would fall down and worship him. He has taken his stand with those that are for Big Berthas, howitzers, shrapnel, machine guns, flame-throwers, poison gas or anything else that will lend support to the Devil’s empire, and he is against the Prince of Peace, who said “Blessed are the peacemakers”, “Love your enemies,” “Put up thy sword into the sheath,” “Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself,” “Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them,” and “If thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he thirst, give him drink”.
Remaley could now be a good and acceptable priest of the Roman Catholic church, for he believes essentially what they believe, and could be and is a comfort to its priests in their judgment day and when they are engaged in their great fight of trying to suppress the message of God’s kingdom, the hope of the world. Everything indicates that all the enemies of the Lord will be in essential agreement just when Armageddon puts the quietus on their activities.
In our judgment President Roosevelt would be consulting the best interests of the American people, and his own best interests, in severing connection with these groups that worship Satan, and are actuated by his spirit; but it is for him to do as he thinks best.
Reverend Peacock Was Preaching
everend A. C. Peacock, of the Central Christian church, Atlanta, was in the pulpit preaching. He may have been preaching from the text “Love thinketh no evil” or “Thou shalt not kill” or "Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them’’. Somebody came to him and reported that there was a strange colored man in the neighborhood. Reverend Peacock stopped his sermon, put on a deputy sheriff’s badge, armed himself and led forth the armed male members of his flock. When the Negro saw them coming he fled and they shot him. There is no evidence that he was guilty of anything, but the evidence can be easily manufactured. That is a business of itself.
Witch-Burnings in Canada
Jim Hunter, of the Toronto Evening Telegram, describes the Charlesworth witch-burnings of Canada in terms of the past. He says:
The uproar was awful. Women screamed, kiddies asked what it was all about; they joined in the shouting. Hen churned about seeking for a better spot to see the show. Everyone shouted, and into the night stillness went the sound of many voices. In the center of the ring stood a lone woman; she was manacled and bound. At her feet was a pile of faggots. A man advanced and lit the pile. As the tiny flames licked their way up the doomed woman's clothes, her lips curled in defiance. Men laughed. It was all right. They were burning a witch. Hadn't she bewildered the poor multitude with her witching? Women shrieked; children were held spellbound by the face on that woman. Some few turned away in disgust. One lone scream rent the air as the flames reached the poor creature's vitals. The show was over, and the many agreed that it had been a good show. But that was way back in the middle ages. Things, thank Heaven, don't happen like that nowadays. This is 193d. We are broadminded, and tolerant. Yes, sir! Judge Rutherford and his religion has been banned from the Canadian air. Other religions now enjoying air freedom, please note.
Arlington News Appreciates Truth
THE Arlington (Massachusetts) Neus, in an editorial entitled "Whom Shall We Believe gives its readers some good advice:
When we turn on our radio in these days we hear the voice of the church, Protestant, Catholic, Jew and others. All speak with authority, presumably all have a message for all people, or why is it broadcast for all to hear, rather than being confined to any particular group or parish? Out of this volume of talk, much of which is good, some bad, it becomes difficult to sift the wheat from the chaff. It is refreshing that Judge Rutherford on Easter Sunday reminded us that the Bible still points the way and in spite of the failure of governments and church leaders to remain true to spiritual ideals, Jesus still reigns and His witnesses are known by the fruits of the spirit which are justice, love and mercy. The world is anxious, waiting for God's message, tired of the propaganda of false prophets. Therefore we welcome the voice that admonishes us to trust God, read and study the Bible and place our dependence in the things of the spirit. It is not our business to point out what church leaders should talk about, but we believe that the public is getting an overdose of propaganda and not enough pure religion.
On the day that the foregoing appeared, Reverend Lewis Hall, pastor, 11 White street, Arlington, wrote to the editor of the Neus saying:
“I have just completed reading your editorial entitled ‘Whom Shall We Believe?’ It is refreshing to read such an editorial which challenges people to place a faith in God. Certainly the present conditions indicate that material things have failed those who depended upon them. Turning to principles of righteous living and contacts with the Eternal, men find a never failing God who is ‘our refuge and strength in time of trouble.’ I congratulate you on your splendid editorial which I hope many will read candidly.” We consider this a good letter, the writing of which should bring a real blessing to its author.
Robot Preacher Now — Ban Beaten By Reynolds’ Correspondent
(Reprinted from the London Daily Sacs)
A ROBOT archbishop in every parish, and a clergy list on the dole. Such is a possibility of the future should the church decide to follow the example of the evangelist - who - is - in -301 - places - at - once.
I have just experienced the most remarkable religious adventure of a lifetime. I have been to a robot church and listened to the address of a preacher who was eating his dinner on the high seas thousands of miles away.
With a congregation of a thousand I have stared at an empty rostrum, an empty chair and a bunch of flowers. I have heard the voice of the preacher emerging from the flowers, and sweet organ music filling the hall.
I have gazed in fascination at the organ and the open hymn-books on the illuminated musicrest. The books were visible because the organist who should have sat in front of them was invisible. Everything was so realistic, and yet so unreal.
And it all came to pass because of a ban by the B.B.C.
As I listened to the preacher he was speeding to New York on an ocean liner. And whatever he may have been doing aboard ship at the moment, he was also talking, without opening his mouth, to congregations in 299 other places in all parts of the world.
It sounds fantastic, but science has made it ridiculously simple. It’s just a matter of exploiting wireless and the gramophone. Everybody knows that records arc regularly “put on the air.” But few realize that since the talkie invasion the science has been developing quietly in religious circles.
And the man who has done more than anybody to exploit to the fullest extent the possibilities of mechanical voice reproduction is Judge J. F. Rutherford, an American lawyer, who has given up the bench and his legal practice in order to devote his life to Bible teaching.
All do not agree with Judge Rutherford’s teachings. The B.B.C., for example, refused to allow him to state his views from their studios. Canadian radio stations banned him too.
Yet he believed that thousands were eager for his message through the ether, and he found it humanly impossible to give personal broadcasts from all the American, European, Chinese, and other radio stations that were willing to ‘’sell him some air.”
So he preached his sermons to a recording machine, and the records are now broadcast to millions. But even records cannot get past the B.B.C. and the Canadian stations that frown on controversial topics.
That made Judge Rutherford think of his “electrical transcriptions.” It is all very simple. A hall is hired and wired under the very nose of the B.B.C. Records are played behind the scenes and linked up with an amplifier which takes the place of the speaker on the platform.
Sermons are split into three 22-inch discs, and voice reproduction is perfect. The illusion is complete if the listener closes his eyes. Otherwise the effect is ghostly.
“Electrical transcriptions” take place regularly in three London centers each week. Others are added from time to time. There was a touch of irony about the one I attended, for ushers at the entrance to the hall wore caps bearing the initials “B.B.C.” But the men were not engineers from Broadcasting House. They were employed by the Battersea Borough Council which leased the hall.
Five Pentecostal Preachers Hear the Good News By IT. IF. Nelson (California)
WIFE and I witnessed to a lady over the back fence of our home, which resulted in placing some booklets, among which was a Lord's Beturn. This lady was a member of the Pentecostal church, to which she had belonged only eight months, having been a Catholic all her life previous to that. She had never seen the inside of a Bible until eight months ago, and was particularly interested in the Lord's return, as she said their preacher was always talking about the return soon of Jesus. Now it seems that ‘some of the good sisters’ of her congregation came to her home and found her reading these booklets and became quite excited about it and told her they were poisonous. She came over to the house and questioned me for quite a long time, and we took the Bible and went over the different points until she became convinced it was the truth, and she took home quite a few more. In a few days her pastor came down and said, “I hear, Sister B----, you
are reading some of that poisonous literature of Judge Rutherford.” She replied, “Why, these books are wonderful, and you can prove everything in them by looking up the scriptures, which he gives, and you find that they are just as they are written in my Bible.” The preacher became
quite angry and they had quite a set-to, but this Mrs. B---- is Irish and she gave him plenty.
Well, the result of this was that on the following Sunday evening, at the church, after the meeting, the preacher said to the congregation, “Dear brethren, I want you to pray for Sister B----,
because the Devil has gotten a hold of her mind, and is threatening to destroy her soul.” Mrs. B---jumped up and asked him how she was
being destroyed; and he said, “By reading the terrible books of Judge Rutherford.” This made Mrs. B----quite angry, and she challenged the
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