Golden Age, June 22, 1932

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Crke Golden Age

A JOURNAL OF FACT HOPE AND COURAGE

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in this issue

ARGENTINA THE LAND OF PROMISE

THROUGH THE PRISM

SAFETY FIRST AT SEA

VACCINATION FIGHT WON

DEATH IS DECREASING

BARS TO HUMAN PROSPERITY

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every other

WEDNESDAY

five cents a copy one dollar a year

Canada & Foreign 1.25

Vol. XIII - No. 333

June 22, 1932

CONTENTS

LABOR AND ECONOMICS

24,000 Krupp Employees Dismissed........[>Sf>

Hartford <lot Kid of Milk . . 59(1

Who Will Control Food? . . . 590

Kentucky Floggings Continue . 594

SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL

Through the Prism

Compulsory Education of Unemployed

Uncle Sam’s Highest-Paid Employees

Safety First at Sea

How Vaccination Fight Was Won 601

Women Smoke Fifteen Billion Cigarettes

MANUFACTURING AND MINING

Finding Gold All over Canada . 587

FINANCE—COMMERCE—TRANSPORTATION

The Big Bonus Boys

Price of Bread in France . . . 591

Europe Shuts Eyes Tight . . . 592

Why America Has Deficit . . . 592

“Bay Not Up for Youkseiaes

Trevsukes upon Earth” . . 594

POLITICAL—DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN

.May Recreate Austro-Hungary . 588

Britain Not Disturbed over Ireland

Farmers and Bankers in Iowa . 591

League of Nations Encourages War

Missouri Legislators in Bad Business

AGRICULTURE AND HUSBANDRY

Venezuela's Pearl Fisheries . . 585

Tree Planters of Century Ago . 587

SCIENCE AND INVENTION

Semagraph Sets Type Without Aid .... .....592

HOME AND HEALTH

Radium Poisoning from Drinking Water . .

Restoration of Sight .

. 589

. 589

TRAVEL AND MISCELLANY

Argentina—The Land of Promise 579

Pope Has Now Toy.....587

Japanese Soldiers Demonstrate . 589

Soviet Union Items.....593

RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY

Thrilling Letter from Mexico . 585

Methodist Church in Decline . . 587

Where Pulpit Gets Message . . 5')i) The Radio Witness Work . . . 602 From Suburb of Asbury Park . . 603 Proofs that Death Is Decreasing (1>3 Bars to lit man Prosperity . . . C04

Published eieij oilier Wednesday :it 117 Adams Street, Brooklyn, N. Y., U. S. A., by WOODWORTH, KNORR & MARTIN

Coyai tno s and Proprietor Addies#: 117 Adam# Sheet, liiooklyn, A. Y., U. S. A. CLAYTON J. WOODWORTH . . Editor ROBFKT J. MARTIN . . Business Manager NATHAN 11. KNORR .. Secretary and Treasurer

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1’uldishod also in Esperanto, Finnish, German, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish, Swedish. Oi’FiCFs in Other Countries

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Entered as second-class matter at Brooklyn, N, Y., under the Act of March 3, 1S79.

oke Golden Age

Volume XIII Brooklyn, N. Y., Wednesday, June 22, 1932 Number 333

Argentina—The Land of Promise

A RGENTINA is as large as Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada and California put together. It is 2,300 miles long and 930 miles wide. Extending through 34 degrees of latitude, from 22° to 56°, it has every climate desired, from tropical to frigid. Conditions vary widely in the same latitude; the Andes mountains are in the west; the Atlantic ocean and a great river system are in the east.

At the northeastern corner of the country, six hundred miles from Buenos Aires, are the Falls of the Iguazu, magnificent, wonderful, in many respects the world’s greatest cataracts, and certainly the most picturesque. There is a series of falls, the highest having a drop of 210 feet, which is 46 feet higher than Niagara Falls. The falls are semicircular, the distance around the brink being 13,128 feet. In order to properly view them the tourist must walk several miles in and out of tropical foliage. The Iguazu itself thunders and whirls its enormous volume of waters amid the solitude of primeval forests, surrounded by giant trees, creeping vines, orchids and other tropical growth. No doubt the time will come when these falls will do much of Argentina's work.

South of the Iguazu stretches for hundreds of miles the Argentinian Mesopotamia, one of the great granaries of the world. At one time devoted to cattle raising, this is now largely given over to vast cornfields, pouring forth an annual flood of millions of tons of golden grain. Some of the lagoons in this area are so vast and intricate that they have never been fully explored.

The great plains of the interior have their counterpart in the great plains of North America, which they much resemble. They already occupy a very prominent place in filling the world's bread basket. It is the wheat and cattle story of our western states all over again. The Gran Chaco plains of the north are heavily wooded, while the vast pampas of the center and south are treeless, and therefore ideal for wheat growing and cattle raising.

Not a Manufacturing Country

The area of Argentina is 1,153,119 square miles. That is as large as the combined extent of the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Sweden and Norway, yet the mineral zone of that vast area, so far as now known, is limited to but 48,000 square miles and is inhabited by only 20,000 people, mainly the residents of San Rafael and vicinity.

Of course the places where minerals are most easily found are in the mountains, because there the veins are revealed by outcroppings. At present there is so much land available in Argentina that the mountain regions are not sought. And, besides, transportation difficulties are in the way. In a small way, gold, silver and copper have been mined from early times. There is some oil at Rivadavia, but not enough for the needs of the country. Argentina must depend on imported coal.

Patagonia, the name once applied to all the southern end of the South American continent, was at one time supposed to be a worthless country. Within recent years this opinion has undergone a change. As civilization has pushed farther and farther south, one discovery has followed another, and the borderland continues to retreat toward the south pole.

Much of the credit for the opening of Patagonia is due to the provincial governor L. J. Fontana, who, when placed in charge of an area of ten thousand square leagues, made up his mind to learn something of the territory it embraced. Learning from friendly Indians of the fruitfulness and beauty of the Cordillera valleys, and the agreeable climate, Fontana spent three months getting to them. There were thirty in his party.

Fontana said of the results of his trip: ‘‘There were thirty of us and we belonged to four nationalities, yet all declared to me unanimously that they had seen no other spot on earth where nature had combined on such a liberal scale whatever is necessary for the welfare of mankind.”

?\s a natural consequence, Patagonia is being developed, along a wide and deep frontier. Settlements are springing up, and scientific methods are converting supposedly useless areas into sources of economic wealth. When the country has need of additional land there are vast areas that can he brought under irrigation vliicli are now waste lands.

Saint Mary of the Good Breezes

On February 20, 1535, Pedro de Mendoza, Spanish explorer, sailed up the River Plata with a fleet of fourteen vessels, and landed at a place which he called “Santa Al aria de Buenos Aires” (Saint Alary of the Good Breezes) ; and though the town he then founded was destroyed by the Indians, it was rebuilt and the name Buenos Aires persists.

After Mendoza sailed back to Spain the expedition, consisting of about 2,000 men, went six hundred miles farther up the Plata and founded Asuncion, the first permanent Spanish settlement in the interior of South America, and the center of Spanish power in the La Plata region for two centuries.

Mendoza's name is preserved for posterity in the city hearing his name, a lovely place of 62,637 population, the principal seat of the wine industry, six hundred miles west of Buenos Aires. Mendoza is like a large park; its straight streets are lined with trees, and conduits of clear water run on either side, as in Phoenix and Salt Lake City. It has one of the largest wine factories in the world. It lies in clear sight of the Andes.

Buenos Aires, 5,860 miles from New York, 100 miles up the La data, with its population of 2,153,200, is the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world, and the largest city south of the equator. It is the same distance from the equator as Atlanta, Ga. Like Atlanta, it sometimes has a flurry of snow, and there are times when a fire feels good. The doubtful honor is claimed for Buenos Aires that it is “the most expensive city in the world” in which to live.

The population of Buenos Aires, and of the province of the same name, almost doubled in the twenty years from 1912 to 1932. The population of the province is now considerably more than 4,000,000. Buenos Aires has subways, and has adopted the interesting scheme of having one station yellow, the next green, the next blue, the next pink, etc. Thus the traveler can readily keep track of its location.

In a strictly agricultural country one does not expect to find many large cities, yet Rosario, which is neither the capital of the country nor of a province, hut just a good busy port and railroad town, has a population of 416,678. Cordoba has 228,000; Avellaneda, 193,431; La Plata, 169,678; Santa Fe, 121,248; Tucuman, 116,219, and Bahia Blanca, 100,000.

Argentina has 14 provinces governed by a constitution patterned after that of the United States, in which the provinces take the place of the states. There are also 10 territories which are administered by governors appointed by the president.

The Greatest Meat Eaters

In Argentina there are about 80,000,000 head of livestock, descendants of stock originally brought from Europe. In the United States we have 600 cattle to every thousand people; in Argentina they have 4,000. As a natural result, Argentina has the greatest per’ capita meat consumption known, amounting to 198 pounds per person. Most of the beat eaten in Britain comes from the Argentine; half of the hides imported by the United (States come from that source.

Argentina ranks third among the countries of the world in its sheep, and fourth in the number of its cattle. The last livestock census showed 32,211.855 cattle, 9,858,111 horses, 3,768,738 pigs and 4-1,413,200 sheep. The wool clip is 333,336,000 pounds. The national livestock show awakens the same interest in Argentina now that such shows awakened in the United States fifty years ago. In the auction held in connection with one of these shows in 1925 a shorthorn bull brought $64,500, said to be the highest price ever paid for such an animal.

The soil of Argentina is divided into three almost equal divisions. A third is arable, and of the arable portion about one-half is now actually under cultivation. A third can be utilized for stock raising, and much of it is now so used. All of the remaining now supposedly waste land will sometime be put to good purposes. The Argentinean has found that it costs him 77 cents an acre to plow with a tractor and 45 cents an acre to plow with a horse, and so he plows with the horse.

17,000,000 Acres of Wheat

Wheat covers 37,000,000 acres of land, hut Argentina could put live times that acreage into wheat if it so desired. In a single year it has produced 9,500,710 tons of wheat; that is the way Argentineans prefer to state it. In America we would describe that quantity as 316,690,500 bushels. In the fifteen years from 1895 to 1910 the area devoted to cultivation of cereals was tripled.

Do you wish to know where all the linseed comes from? The answer is, Argentina. In a single year, 1,327,283 tons, or about 100,000,000 bushels, were produced from 7,190,160 acres. Rice is cultivated to some extent; about 75,000 acres are each year planted to beans; from 15,000 to 25,000 tons of birdseed are produced annually. Some cot ton is grown. The region around Mendoza is famed for its grapes; the region thereabouts strikingly resembles California.

Corn is grown in such vast quantities (6,328,293 tons from 13,552,760 acres) that it is found profitable to use it for fuel. At ruling prices it is cheaper than either coal or wood, and is almost equally satisfactory for the generation of heat and power.

The tannic acid of commerce practically all conies from the quebracho tree, grown only in Argentina and Paraguay. Because of its extreme hardness the quebracho is also valuable as a material for telegraph poles, railway ties and coaches.

Argentina is in farming for profit: costs are closely watched. The holdings are large; the ones that produce the best profits in proportion to investment are those of 500 to 750 acres. By contrast we note that in Canada the farms of less than 200 acres constitute 88 percent of the total of holdings of rural property.

The Great River System

The Parana and Uruguay rivers unite to form the La Plata; together these three rivers constitute one of the great river systems of the world. Of these rivers the Parana alone has a larger discharge than the Mississippi; its annual flow is three times that of the St. Lawrence, four times that of the Danube, and five times that of the Nile. In a year the Parana has emptied 608 cubic miles, or well on toward two cubic miles per day.

Steaming up the La Plata is uninteresting, for the reason that it is shallow and the channel is out of sight of either shore. The same reason that makes it necessary for ships to remain many miles out in the stream also makes the navigation of the river dangerous. Sudden gusts of wind are liable to cast the ship on a bar. Sea captains always dread the La Plata.

Forty miles down the river from Buenos Aires is the city of Im Plata, the location of Armour’s packing plant, the most efficient in the world. One of the features of this plant is that ships are loaded direct from warehouses, by a direct and rapid system superior to that of any other plant.

Two hundred and forty miles up the river from Buenos Aires is the great city and port of Rosario. Transatlantic steamers drawing 23 feet of water visit Rosario regularly. Specially constructed vessels go four hundred miles farther up stream, to Corrientes.

The Rio Negro, four hundred miles farther south, is said to average four miles in width, and in many respects to resemble the Nile.

Rails and Roads

Argentina has 24,795 miles of railways, of which 5,011 are owned by the state. The chief lines are British built and British owned. Engines, rolling stock and supplies all come from Britain. Indeed, Britain does most of the carrying trade for Argentina; more than half the tonnage on the La Plata is British tonnage.

Argentina’s railways were originally all built radiating- from Buenos Aires, the principal port, and this has turned out to have been an excellent general transportation plan. As the country has tilled up the radial lines have been interconnected, and the system is capable of indefinite expansion. Every connection that is made helps to develop the country as a whole.

In the matter of roads Argentina lags far behind Chile and Brazil. In the year 1930 it had only 500 miles of hard-surfaced roads suitable for all-thc-year traffic. A big American automobile manufacturer has offered to build a toll road 880 miles long from Bahia Blanca via Azul, Buenos Aires and Rosario to Cordoba. It would certainly pay, but it would seem too bad to have to finance it in such an undesirable way.

Argentina buys more passenger automobiles than any other South American country, and lias more automobiles in proportion to its population than any other country except the United States and the British dominions. About GO per-c >nt of all the autos in South America are in Argentina. The number registered in 1930 was 330,000.

The Landed Aristocracy

In its development the country has had to contend with the feudal land system, handed down from the days of early Spanish possession. Great parcels were held in private hands. The system was continued when lands were taken from the Indians in 1885. At that time Ihi' army was rewarded by being given the land for a nominal price in blocks of a square league, (>.250 acres. These huge farms are being gradually broken up.

The bulk of Argentina's grain production has been grown by the colonos or tenant farmers. All the owner of the estancia has had to do is to spend the money that comes rolling in. Of late, the prices of wheat have been down and the tenants have not been able to pay as much as formerly, but even at that the job of being absentee landlord of many square leagues of land, and having others do all the work and all the worrying, while the landlord receives a fixed proportion of all the crops, is about as soft a job as that of a bishop, than which nothing could be much softer.

When the lords of the pampas come into Argentina they think nothing of renting a suite of rooms in a hotel that may cost them as much as $500 a day. When a man's annual income is $1,500,000 he does not need to worry about expenditures that come to only a tenth of that amount.

As entertainers these men with the fixed or nearly fixed incomes running up into the big figures arc in a class by themselves. Guests eat from golden plates, at big tables covered with choicest flowers, cut glass, silver and china. When it conies time to go, a Rolls Royce bedecked with silver ornaments takes the guest back to his hotel.

Unique Immigration Features

On account of being a land of harvests, Argentina has evolved some immigration features that are unique. Thousands of Italians spend half of every year in Italy and half in Argentina, and, as the seasons are reversed, they are out in the open air and in the sun all the time. They never see anything of winter. These are called “swallow immigrants". Italians constitute one-fifth of the population of Buenos Aires, and one-fifth of the population of Argentina.

Great numbers of Spaniards do the same as the Italians, but the Spanish are more apt to remain and become permanent residents. They are credited with having done the most to make Argentina a wheat-growing country. A law passed in 1919 requires each intending immigrant to produce a certificate of moral worth and ability to work. Since the country was opened to immigrants, in 1S54, some G,172,334 have entered.

To help the bona fide immigrants who come to stay, the Government provides free board and lodging, valid for five days, at the Immigrants’ Hotels at Buenos Aires, Bahia Blanca or Rosario. These hotels are equipped with every comfort and convenience, including lecture rooms and swimming pools. If he will go on into the agricultural centers he will be given free board for double the length of time. Immigration restrictions are very strict regarding the health of immigrants. Only agriculturalists and skilled labor are admitted.

Recent years have seen many immigrants from Russia and Poland. The daughters become domestic servants and are more appreciated than Spanish ones, as they are more efficient and agreeable. It is regrettable also that many of these agreeable girls have been sold into white slavery, which business is under licensed charter from the government. Many men have become millionaires in Argentina by this devilish route.

When times are good Argentina receives 1,000 immigrants a day. When times are bad she ships them back where they came from; and they think nothing of it, because it has been a regular practice. Recently, she wanted to get rid of a shipload of thieves, robbers and pickpockets, so loaded them all on a vessel and dumped them on the shores of her weaker neighbor, Uruguay; not a very neighborly thing to do.

The Progressive Argentines

While Spanish blood and the Spanish tongue predominate, yet Argentina is a melting pot of Spanish, Italians, Slavs, Germans, British, Welsh and River Platte Irish. Any and all of these, after several years, are as proud to call themselves Argentinas as any American ever was to call himself by that name. The Argentinas pride themselves on their keen intelligence. The two leading newspapers, La Nation and La Prensa, are considered in the front rank of the world's journals.

A feature noted by moving picture operators is that Argentinas wish the pictures shown about twice the usual rate. There is something about the temperament, and the climate, that makes everything move rapidly. Though invented in New York, Argentina is the first to generally adopt the new tropical suits for men. It is hoped that this will spread to New York. The lottery is a national passion. Ticket venders are everywhere.

The Argentinas are described as lacking in social discipline, and as being highly individualistic. It is not considered a good country for Americans or Englishmen unless they have a higher grade of education than the average. The price of bread is controlled by the Government.

There is a federal eight-hour labor law, with a 48-hour week. Night work is restricted to seven hours. Of the total population of 10,904,022, the natives of European blood number 8,07)0,000, the foreigners (mostly Europeans) number 2,600,000, and the mixed races number 1)00,000.

Education Looms Large

In any study of conditions in Argentina the subject of education looms large. Though the average of illiteracy among army recruits is 27) percent, and the general average for the country was 37.8 percent when the last census was taken, yet these figures do not properly represent the amount of interest which this subject arouses in the Argentinian mind. There was a national university at Cordoba seven years before the Pilgrim Fathers landed at Plymouth, and it is still functioning.

It was not until the year 1842 that Argentina made the discovery that education cannot be merely from the top down, but must permeate all classes of society. In that year Sarmiento, friend of Horace Mann, and called by some the ‘Horace Mann of South America’, founded the first normal school in Spanish America, and a new era, a new civilization, dates from that event. Educators, and friends of the people, look upon Sarmiento as a sort of Abraham Lincoln of the Southern world.

In the year 1929 a group of twenty Argentinian university professors, medical men, scientists, child welfare experts, and leaders in other fields, known as the Argentine-North American Cultural Association, visited the United States, studying school systems and educational subjects generally, Their enthusiastic reception (-rented a most favorable impression throughout Argentina and. it is to be hoped, did much to cement a closer bond between the two countries. The visit should be offset by a tri]) of Americans to this golden land of the piweiit and the future.

The school teacher in Argentina is a government employee, not responsible to local school committees. After twenty-five years of active teaching the teacher is retired on full pay. Unless pupils are studying for professional work they leave school when they have completed the sixth grade. On account of their intelligence and enthusiasm the students are drawn more deeply into political movements than is for their good or for the good of the country.

“Religion"—Newspapers—Radio

“Religion,” as the critical readers of this magazine well know, is a man-made thing, a matter of forms and ceremonies. It is nominally friendly to education of the masses and to worship of the Creator, but actually the worst enemy of both. In Argentina there is no state religion, but the Roman Catholic system is supported by the state, and the president of the country must be of that persuasion.

There are 7)20 newspapers published in the republic; of these, 493 are Spanish, 7) are German, 5 are English, 4 are Italian, and there are others in French, Russian, Swedish, and Basque. The Government is not as friendly to a free press as in the United States. It is not uncommon for the Government to close up a paper and lock up all its active heads without bringing any definite charges against them. That is what one gets for living in a Catholic country.

A remarkable move in the right direction has transformed every post office in Argentina into a reading room and public library. Good book's are on sale at 20 percent loss than the usual selling price. In the reading rooms of the larger post offices one finds uniformed employees, adepts in the languages of visitors, ready and anxious to give useful information about the country and to give advice and assistance in the selection of good books. What a vision this gives us of v. hat v ill be true all over the world under God's kingdom. The truth will spread like wildfire.

Argentina has twenty broadcasting stations, broadcasting programs under Government supervision; there are 150,000 radio sets in use in the republic. The climate is good for radio reception. Most of the stations are heard in every inhabited part of the country. Won't it be fme when the truth is being broadcast from every one of those stations ?

The Battle for Argentina's Trade

The battle? for Argentina's trade is a triangular "duel'' between Great Britain, Germany and the United States. In 190S Britain was at the apex of its Argentinian supremacy, with a track; equal to that of Germany, the United States and Belgium combined. Four years later British exports to the Argentine were $115,000,000; Germany's exports wore $65,000,000; the United State's' exports were $60,000,000. Then came tlio World War, and with Germany altogether out of the market and Britain fighting for her existence, the United States trade shot up to $210,000,000 a year. In 1928 its trade was $200,000.000; Britain's was $155,000,000.

Britain is lighting hard to regain her trade, and owing to the excellency of her wares, and her reputation for honest dealing, is making a good record in the face of the* severe competition of Germany and the United States. Tn 1931 slie spent $25,000.00!) on a British trade fair at Buenos Aires, and sent the prince1 of Wales cm as chief salesman, but the results attained vere not up to expectations.

British investments in Argentina are now $2,000,000,000; United States investments are $950,000,000. The latest published figures show that 22.1 percent of Argentina's imports come from the United States, 20.6 pen-ent come from Britain and 11.6 percent come from Germany,

Irigoyen, the Modest and Generous

It does not follow that because a man is modest and generous he will make a good executive of a great country; nevertheless, if the executives of all great countries were both modest and generous the world would be better off. It is possible to combine executive power with moral power.

Irigoyen, late president of Argentina, is an unusual man. A school-teacher for seventeen years, it is known that he gave every penny of his earnings to charity. At one time he refused a ministerial portfolio because unwilling to serve under a president elected by the aristocracy. Ue also declined the governorship of the largest province of the republic. At one time, for defying the Government, lie was sentenced to death.

When nominated for the presidency he declined, but was thrust into it as Boosevelt was once thrust into the vice-presidency here in the United States. When inaugurated, Buenos Aires went wild; frenzied crowds unharnessed the horses of the official coach and drew him to the Government palace. He gave no inaugural address.

As soon as Ik- was installed in oflico, he closed the Casa liosada, as the government house in Buenos Aires is called, and went to live in an apartment over a store which was without either telephone or bath. Urgent telephone calls on matters of national and vital importance were relayed to him from an Italian bootblack parlor across the street.

As an executive Irigoyen was not a success. When lie first entered office he dismissed Government clerks by the thousand, in order to fulfil his promises of an honest administration, yet circumstances forced him to put on three times as many as he removed, and he wasted much of his time personally considering the merits of applicants for minor positions.

At the time of his enforced resignation he had on his desk 1,159 unsigned Government orders, of which 527 had to do with public works, in which there was colossal graft during his entire administration. One of the Government-supported institutions in Buenos Aires is a maternity hospital. In going over the payroll of this institution auditors found 200 wet nurses all drawing large salaries. All these proved to be men! Irigoyen tried to watch everything, but file thieves around him were so thick he could watch nothing. There have been hints that American oil companies had to do with his undoing.

The September Revolution

In .1928 Irigoyen had been reelected by an overwhelming majority, hut when the Wall Street smash of 1929 came he was made the scapegoat for it in Argentina. On the evening of September 4, 3,000 students marched through the streets shouting for his resignation. Two days later, the head of the army, General Jose Francisco Uriburu, demanded his resignation.

Irigoyen was astounded at the sudden change of public sentiment, as he well may have been. Nearly eighty years of age at the time, and living a life of seclusion, he was misinformed by ambitious men about him of the actual condition of the public mind, and was taken entirely unprepared. The shock made him very ill. He was exiled, but later given his liberty. The same mob that had dragged him to the Government palace was mean enough to destroy his statue and drag it in the streets. In a day it acted as though he had never existed.

The public would not have General Uriburu in office, but he succeeded in nullifying the wishes of the electorate and though Argentina is by choice largely radical yet the present president is a conservative. He succeeded in having a score of trigoyen's friends sent into exile. Opposition to American oil companies is at an end. The Big Money crowd is in full control.

The League and the Falklands

At the first assembly (1920) of the League of Nations, Argentina properly enough demanded the immediate inclusion of Germany in the League, and when the demand was rejected the Argentine withdrew from it and will now have nothing to do with it. In September, 1928, the League unanimously requested her to return to it, but she refused. She rarely signs any of the international papers that are handed around.

Four hundred miles off shore are the Malvinas Islands. It seems that these once belonged to Argentina, but Britain grabbed them in 1833 and renamed them the Falklands. Argentina still lays claim to them, but is prevented from taking them, because of the armed force of Britain.

Argentina has the southernmost prison colony in the world, in Ushuaia. It also has the southernmost wireless station, in the South Orkneys. The British government has protested the construction and operation of this station, but has been reminded that these islands belong to Argentina and that the only reason she does not take over the Falklands also is that, at the moment, she lacks the strength to do so. Most maps show the Orkneys as British; but what is a map between thieves

The peace strength of the Argentine army is 1,750 officers and 25,GOO men, with a reserve of 300,000. According to the Argentine conscription law only one of male twins can be called into service. Both are examined and the better one is taken. If equal, one is chosen bv castinglots. '

A Thrilling Letter from Mexico By La Torre del Vigia

TT IS with pleasure that we inform you that J- on the 29th of March Isaac Perez and his companions were freed from prison.

During the period of time in which these were in custody the enemies who caused their incarceration were disturbed by two strange events that happened:

First: When Perez appeared before the court for trial, when his accusers were testifying falsely against him a strong earthquake occurred and everybody fled away, Perez remaining entirely alone in the courtroom.

Second: It was ordered that these prisoners be sent from Alvarado to Vera Cruz. Some distance away the train ran off the track and all the cars turned up, except the car in which these prisoners were traveling in custody of their guards. There were many casualties. The prisoners sang hymns and attended to the wounded, while their guards, who had lied away, returned.

Judge Butherford sent a telegram ordering the employment of the best lawyers to defend the brethren. The Bethel family in Atzcapot-zalco and all the brethren throughout the country prayed constantly.

Jehovah won this case and Satan was defeated.

Our brethren paid no fine, neither asked any favors from the authorities of Satan.

Now- they are more active than ever, and some who were sleeping are now stirred up to service as a result of the experiences and example of the friends who suffered.

Let us unite, dear brethren, and go forward without fear, for Jehovah is a wall of firo around His ‘’witnesses”.

Through the Prism

24,000 Krupp Employees Dismissed

7DHE Krupp works, normally employing 74,000 -h workers, have been compelled to drop 24,000 from their payrolls. The losses sustained by the business last year amounted to $4,500,000 and were distributed over all branches of it.

Cave Dwellers in Scotland

UNABLE to afford house rents many people in Scotland are now living in caves. One elderly man has furnished a home for himself in a cave at the foot of a cliff which can be entered or left only at low tide.

Rise of Automobile Racing Speeds

IN NINE years the speed records for automobile racers at Daytona have risen from 146.40 miles an hour to 253.968 miles per hour. Five of the nine speed records in that time were by the present holder of the record.

Venezuela’s Pearl Fisheries

"V 7 ENEZUELA’S pearl fisheries will hereafter ’ be operated by the state. Venezuelan pearls are exceptionally line and have found a ready sale in the jewelry markets of the world. Many of them are of a delicate rose tint.

Makes a Living Growing Walking-Sticks

IN SNODLAND, County Kent, England, there is a man who makes a living growing walking-sticks. He has been engaged in the business sixty years and is considered the greatest authority on his craft in the world.

Huge Cave Found in Death Valley

A HUGE cave has been found in Death Valley, California, and will be explored. The entrance is through an opening 125 feet in diameter. The cave is located in the south part of the valley.

South Africa Will Have New Money

TF PRESENT plans mature South Africa will have a new currency. The unit is the florin, v orth about a half dollar. It will be divided into 100 cents; there will be two-florin, one-florin, and half-florin pieces of silver (about $1, 50c and 25c), and then there will be silver 20c and 10c pieces. In the baser metals there will be bronze 4c, 2c and 1c pieces. The smallest gold piece will be the rand, worth ten florins, or about $2.50.

Barking Around the World

TN THE laboratory of the General Electric Company at Schenectady is a little dog that had the satisfaction of barking at itself around the world. The bark encircled the world by way of Holland, Java and Australia, and the terrier is said to have enjoyed the sport greatly.

Compulsory Education of Unemployed Germans TN GERMANY they have the sensible rule that all unemployed boys under 18 must attend classes in manual training, typing, stenography, domestic science, general educational subjects, gymnastics and hygiene. Unemployed girls are given instruction in kindergarten ’work, nursing and sewing.

Rouen Cathedral Just as Described

TP HE Rouen cathedral is just as described in J- Revelation 18:2. A carefully taken census showed a total of 900 pigeons, 250 bats, 60 hawks, 40 owls and 35 ravens in the ancient pile. But these are not the only unclean and hateful birds, visible and invisible, that make their home at Rouen.

Road Deaths in Britain

BRITAIN is disturbed because there have been 45,000 road deaths in the country within the past ten years, and the matter has been brought up in the House of Commons to see if something cannot be done to reduce the loss. In America we are now sacrificing 30,000 persons a year to the speed demon.

The Hikers’ Mystery Express

THE British people are wonderfully advantaged by the prevailing custom of hikes in the country. On March 25 the Great Western Railway filled two trains with a load of hikers who did not know when they started what their destination would be. Round trip tickets were sold for $1 each.

Sixty Condemned to Death for One Murder

AT NAIROBI, British East Africa, sixty youths have been condemned to death for beating to death a reputed witch. Some good grounds exist for believing that the poor woman was obsessed with demons, but that gave no license to the youths to whip her to death. God's commands to the Jews not to suffer a witch to live were never extended to the Gentiles.

The Cause of Armenian Quakes

A GROUP of Russian scholars has discovered that the many recent earthquakes in Soviet Armenia are caused by a great mass of granite which is slowly pushing up while all around it the softer rocks are slowly sinking. This phenomenon was responsible, a year ago, for an earthquake in which many villages were destroyed and 2,000 persons lost their lives.

Salesmen of Liberty Bonds

THE salesmen of liberty bonds who bullyragged the American people into parting with hundreds of millions of dollars (more than ten billions, all together) to help Europe wage her World War, will now read with interest that Britain proposes to pay no more of her solemnly covenanted debt, but has left her American debt out of her budget.

The Pope Has a New Toy

THE pope has a new toy, consisting of a double-tracked railway GOO feet long. The rolling stock consists of three coaches, one for the throne, one for a chapel, and one where Mr. Ratti himself will eat and sleep. There is a full-sized railway station and a tunnel three hundred feet long under Vatican hill, where the coaches can be sheltered.

82 Years a Prisoner

A N ENGLISH nun, Mary Martha Butti, who entered a convent at the age of 16, has just died at the age of 98. In the 82 years in which she was a nun she was never outside the convent walls. Just how God’s name is honored by a person's being locked up away from one's fellows for 82 years is something nobody has ever been able to explain.

Bishop Hughes Not in the Garbage Line

TpOR striking a man who tried to wedge into the garbage dump food line at Cicero, 111., a man was sent to jail for three days. On the same day Bishop Edwin Holt Hughes, of the Chicago Methodist Episcopal church, said the depression is greatly exaggerated and that it is not so much a matter of keeping the wolf from the door as keeping it from the garage, from which we gather that Reverend Hughes was not with the men who were fighting for a place in the food line at the garbage dump, not yet.

Tree Planters of a Century Ago

MUCH of the beauty of the great Middle West is due to the fact that the original settlers, a hundred years ago, saw the instant need of fruit and shade trees and liberally supplied the need. It is estimated that in the state of Iowa alone they planted more than 240,000 acres of trees, with large acreages also in all the adjoining states.

Even Monte Carlo in Hard Luck

^fTMIE man that broke the bank at Monte Carlo” turned out to he Mr. Hard Times, nobody else. For the first time in history the famous international gambling joint, where so many people have been ruined, and where suicides are everyday matters, has failed to pay a dividend. In normal times its profits run to several million dollars a year.

Mixtec Hieroglyphics Possibly Solved

AN AUSTRIAN, Dr. Herman AV aidegg, now resident in Colombia, a linguist speaking twelve languages and somewhat familiar with Chinese, Japanese and Sanskrit, has discovered, he thinks, the key to the Mixtec hieroglyphics of ancient Mayan Indians, having identified more than one hundred syllables, eighty-four of which he believes he can translate.

Finding Gold All over Canada

THE Canadians seem fortunate in finding gold all over the country, from the Yukon region and British Columbia to Manitoba and Ontario. The most recent find of gold-bearing ores is in northwestern Quebec, in a strip of territory more than one hundred miles long and with a width of from three to ten miles, located in the townships of Pasqualis, Louvicourt and Malar-tic.

Methodist Church in Decline

Rev. William Addison Brown, former pastor of the American AI. E. church at Buenos Aires, recently said of the Methodist church: “We lost 52,000 members in 1930. We recorded the loss of nearly a half million Sunday school enrollment. Our largest theological seminary is about to close for lack of funds. Our missionary offerings have decreased a million dollars this year. In one of 20 episcopal areas, we have lost five educational institutions in late years, forfeiting the greatest educational opportunity of our generation.”

Backing Up the Armament Conference

A S AN encouragement to the windjammers at Geneva to keep on talking the British have invented a new projectile which will perforate twelve inches of the hardest known armor plate at a range of ten miles, and have designed a new light-weight machine gun which can be used like a rille and will shoot 400 rounds a minute. Peace and safety are just around the corner . . . that a gun can shoot "around”!

Immigration into Britain

HOW loath the Britons are to leave their beautiful isles, and how glad they are to return to them on the least provocation, is shown by the fact that while in the world-prosperous year of 1929 there were 87,469 more emigrants tban immigrants, yet in 1931 the people were coming back home in such numbers that there was an excess of 37,072 immigrants over emigrants.

Doctor Stockdale’s Easter Sermon

IN IIIS Paster sermon, delivered at St. James

Methodist Episcopal Church, New York city, Doctor George AI. Stockdale said: “If Jesus came into our midst this Easter day He'd not pick out as great among us those whom we would choose. 1 le would not pick out the cardinal, the bishops, we who are ministers. He would not choose the socially elite and wealthy, who will have their pictures in tomorrow's press and next Sunday’s rotogravure section.’’ And ve think Dr. Stockdale told the truth.

Cook County’s Sanitary District

Til E Sanitary District officers of Cook County, Illinois, got a bright idea. Immediately you imagine them as having discovered some way to render their work more profitable to the people who pay them their salaries. You are partly right. They did, indeed, discover a way to make their work more profitable, but not to the people who fed them. Oh no! Just to themselves.

Believing that they knew what to do with the money, they had their friends organize companies to sell them supplies at prices that would make your mouth water. Tin pails were sold at $100 a dozen, rakes went at $7.7)0 apiece; a $27 cement cart went to the county for $358; two dozen brushes, worth $1 apiece, went for a little more than ten times that sum.

How lonely the honest Chicagoan must feel!

Vaccination as a Civilizer

TN CANADA a white man may refuse to submit his family for vaccination, but when an Indian at Muncey, Ontario, put the same principle into effect, and stripped off his coat, inviting the would-be vaccinator to keep his hands off his children, the magistrate sentenced him to two months in the county jail. Thus vaccination serves as a ‘‘civilizer” and teaches the lowly Indian to look up to the white man and to have respect for his laws.

Proposed Recreation of Austro-Hungary

TVSMAYED by the chronically empty treasuries of Rumania, Jugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Austria and Hungary, the four powers most interested, Britain, Germany, Erance and Italy, have recently been holding conferences to see if some way can be devised to recreate an economic Austro-Hungary, thus confessing that the break-up of the old monarchy in 1918, which was to have meant so much for the peace of the world, was, after all, only another blunder.

The Big Bonus Boys

WHO do you suppose it was that said the other day that “the entire United States lies stricken a prey to the banker and corporate groups”, and that ‘‘the big bonus boys of big business who milked the stockholders and consumers are now getting, indirectly, big bonuses from the people's treasury" ? Some anarchist, probably; or some socialist; or some Bolshevist. Guess again. It was Henry Ward Beer, president of the Federal Bar Association of New York. New Jersey and Connecticut and former special assistant United States attorney general.

Reporter Gets a Great Idea

A REPORTER, writing for some Charleston ■TY (W. Ya.) paper, made the statement that for a church show that was about to be pulled off two ministers would become the carnival "barkers". And now (we don’t want to impure into this matter too closely, because there might be complications) we are just wondering, Did this reporter know these men well? and, if he did, why did he call them “barkers”? Doesn't the apostle say somewhere that in papers like The Golden Age we ought not to discuss questions of genealogy ? And still, there is Isaiah 56:10,11. Seemingly the reporter did not give enough details.

600 Japanese Soldiers Demonstrate

A DISPATCH to the Daily Worker reports that GOO Japanese soldiers made a demonstration at Shanghai, expressing their disapproval of the war against China. One hundred were court-martialed and shot, and the remainder sent hack to Japan to stand trial. It is believed that France is backing Japan financially and that without French support the recent campaign could not have been waged. The militarism in these two countries is at present the greatest menace to world peace.

Radium Poisoning from Drinking Water

IT NOW appears that water containing radioactive materials, instead of being good to drink, and leading to restoration of health, leads to death ami the grave. After the death of a prominent steel man of Pittsburgh attributed to radium poisoning resulting from the drinking of water containing radium in solution, the Columbia University expert on radium poisoning has expressed that many, many, arc sure to die from the same cause. Badium-charged water has been widely sold as a cure-all.

Uncle Sam’s Highest-Paid Employees

AMONG Uncle Sam's employees who receive more than $10,0(10 per year are the president, vice-president, speaker of the House, members of the cabinet, lil'teen ambassadors, General Pershing, eleven commissioners of the Interstate Commerce Commission, ten officials of the Federal Farm Board, the director of the Veterans’ Administration, seven members of the Shipping Board, and six commissioners of the Tariff Commission. Quite a large number of persons receive an even $10,000 a \ear for their services.

Hoped to Meet His Horse in Heaven

WHEN he died Beverend Dr. Uriah Myers, of Catawissa, Pa., said that he fully expected to meet in heaven his old horse. Obviously the old cow would be there, and naturally the old bull. AH the calves would be there, and the dogs and cats and pigs and chickens and rats and mice and cockroaches and bedbugs and lice and mosquitoes and gnats and fleas. Oh, it will he a great place for Uriah when he gets there. The only sad part of it is that he will never get there, but will wind up right back here on this earth where he started from. But after he gets used to it he will like it fine.

An Interesting Case of Restoration of Sight

nxEST Baktjiol, D.C., Stamford, Conn., is a happy man. On December 28 last, Mrs. Henrietta Crocco, of his city, lost her sight, after a severe heart attack, but after three chiropractic adjustments by Dr. Barthol was able to see as well as ever. The blindness extended over a period of three days. Dr. Barthol states that this is the second case of the kind which he has had in his practice in the past nine years.

Reblocking King George’s Crown

CBOWNS are not made solid; if they were, nobody could stand the weight. Like the monarchs under them, they are just for show. The British crown has been sagging some lately, and so it has been rehlocked and made an inch higher. No Briton can imagine how indescribably funny an item like this seems to an American, but if George gets any comfort sitting in state with a gold hat with 3,000 jewels stuck in it, and if there are still Britons who think that in some undetinable way there is something specially holy about gold hats, why, let him wear it. It is all part of the world's circus. It isn’t George’s fault that they have him down for the clown’s part.

Moody's Son Among the Chaplains

A T THE seventh annual convention of the

Chaplains’ Association of the Army of the United States, held at the Hotel Taft, New York city, the Bev. Dr. Paul Dwight Moody, associate chief chaplain of the American Expedition to Franco, son of the evangelist Dwight L. Moody, made the statement that “there is no place for the peaee-preaching chaplain in the army of tin? church"; from which it is perfectly apparent that the One who said “Blessed are the peacemakers” could not get into the “church” Mr. Moody had in mind. Mr. Moody's “church’’ is the same “church” that ‘gent’ had in mind that took Jesus up into a high mountain and showed Him the whole work's, armies, captains, governments and “churches” and claimed that they all belonged to him. Moody is right; there is no place for a preacher of the gospel of peace in such a “church”. Moody, by the way, is president of the Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vt., and this gives a good idea of what a child gets when he goes to college.

Hore About Sydney's Great Bridge

SYDNEY’S new bridge1, the heaviest and longest arch in the world, is 440 feet above1 the water at the top of the arch, and its roadway clears the surface of the water by 172 feet. The whole bridge scheme is costing some $80,000,000, and, at the moment, Sydney is almost wishing it had that amount of cash in hand instead of the bridge. The span between the towers is 1 ,050 feet; the1 total length, including approaches, 0,770 feet; 50,300 tons of steel a\ent into the structure.

Wakulla, Largest Fresh Water Spring

WAKULLA spring, Florida, ISO feet deep and so crystal-clear that a penny can be seen on its bottom, is said to be the largest single fresh water spring in the world. It is believed to be fed by an underground river which periodically drains Lake Jackson, Ga. This lake, ten miles long, has an uncanny habit of disappearing and reappearing, but Wakulla spring-goes on forever. The Wakulla river is a broad stream flowing from Wakulla spring to the Gulf of Mexico.

Hartford Got Rid of Its Milk

PROBABLY there is the same amount of unemployment in Hartford as there is elsewhere, and, if so, there is just as much need of food. AV ell, Thomas F. Flannagan, chief food and milk inspector, says that in the Connecticut city every day for a year past 20,000 quarts of skimmed milk have been poured down the sewers because it could not be sold. AVonder if the men who threw away the 20,000 quarts of milk a day contributed to the Community Chest, and why.

Big Bill O’Connell Introduces Jazz

Bic; Bill O'Connell, Boston’s cardinal, intensely amused a good share of the people <-f the United States on Sunday, March 27. lie made a grandiloquent introduction of the magnificent A'atican choir and there followed an indifferently performed piece of American jazz dance music rendered in Rome by an Italian baud and sent out by mistake all over the National Broadcasting Company's hook-up, to the remotest ends of the country. Bill was sore, and you couldn't blame him, and now people are wondering if those Rome operators did that on purpose or if it just happened to happen.

Who Will Control the Food?

'XAT'IIO will control the food supply has be’’ come an interesting question since the news was published that one-fourth of the state of Alississippi has been sold for unpaid taxes. Perhaps we have the answer in the news that among the directors of the General Foods Corporation are representatives of the Bankers Trust Company, Central Hanover Bank, Chase National Bank, Goldman, Sachs & Company, and Lehman Brothers. Only the power of Almighty God can prevent the complete subjugation and enslavement of the American people at the hands of the Big Business crowd now running things.

Where the Pulpit Gets Its Message

Reverend John Ray Ewers, pastor of the East End Christian Church of Pittsburgh, in an address at the AVestinghouse Club, said: “Wealth has dictated all too often what the pulpit message should be. Instead of putting the fear of God into the rich man in the pew, the rich man in the pew has too often put the fear of the world into the preacher. As a rule our pulpits arc1 timid about Avar, about social justice, the religious use of tvealth, international relations, political corruption. Churches hang along the rich avenues like pearls on a string, while square miles of the poorer sections contain hardly a spire.”

Britain Not Disturbed over Ireland

BRITAIN is not disturbed over Ireland’s threat to secede from the British Empire, for the reason that 95 percent of all Irish exports go to Britain, and the loss of that market Avould bring Ireland to her knees. Further, there are thousands of Irish in England, and if worse came to Avorst they Avould he deported. Further, there is about $750,000,000 of Irish money invested in Britain. Irish independence of Britain is only a name, little else. The Irish cannot be blamed for objecting to the clause in the oath of allegiance which requires the Irish legislators to he “faithful to his Atajesty King George Ar and his heirs and successors by law”. De A’ale-ra’s implied threat to coerce Lister into joining the Irish Free State will not be taken too seriously by anybody avIio has ever been in Ulster. But there may be trouble in Ireland, for the pope has pronounced a blessing on the Avlmle Irish people, and that surely includes the Orangemen.

Japan’s Sugar Scandal

IG BUSINESS in Japan is no more honest than it is elsewhere; hence the discovery that the biggest sugar company in the country has been caught defrauding the government out of $5,000,000 in faxes need cause no surprise. The worst of it is that other prominent politicians and one newspaper got hold of the facts and milked the company to the tune of about $800,000 in blackmail before the government finally took cognizance of the situation.

Farmers and Bankers in Iowa

BRIL 14, 1931, several thousand farmers visited the State House of Iowa desiring a direct vote on the T.B. cattle test; their request was refused by a vote of 80 to 22. The next day the bankers of Iowa came to the State House pressing for a direct vote on a matter in which they were interested. A banker from the home county came and sat in the seat beside each member of the House to press the issue. The bankers got what they wanted by a vote of G5 to 34.

Price of Bread in France

ECENTLY, when wheat was selling in Erance at $1.85 gold per bushel the price of pound loaves of bread was only 4c. In this country we have been recently fed the line of bologna that no matter what the price of wheat the price of bread would have to stay up around 10c a loaf; hut something must have happened recently that has caused somebody to do some thinking, for all of a sudden the price was dropped to 5c a loaf, which shows that 10c was too high, if it shows nothing else.

Japan’s Ruin of Mukden

O COMPLETELY did Japan's bombardment of Mukden in September last ruin that city of 550,000 population that in February any reputable foreigner could have a twenty-room house, with servants, coal, electricity, motor car, rent free if he would only watch the property. All trades were completely stopped, stores were empty of customers, factories were idle, and in one of the granaries of the world it was necessary to establish food relief stations. Tens of thousands of Chinese have fled the country, leaving all behind them, as they have no confidence in their conquerors; and how could they have 1

Wide Use of Electric Refrigerators

IN 1925 there were sales of less than 100,000 electrical refrigerators; in 1926 there were 260,000; in 1927 there were 390,000; in 1928 there were 500,000; in 1929 there were 650,000; in 1930 there were 850,000; and in the year 1931 there were 965,000 sales. It is estimated that there are now 3,9(55,000 electric refrigerators in use, with an aggregate value of over a billion dollars.

No War in Asia

VERYBOUY else may think there has been and is Avar in Asia, but officially Japan and

China are friendly powers and in a state of profound peace. If the League of Nations should find that Japan and China are in a state of war, Article 16 would require all members of the League to break off all relations and institute an embargo and a blockade; and it is certain that they will do no such thing. The League is a mere farce.

At Brixton Prison, England

ustice Mackinnon, of England, expressing his astonishment that 3,000 persons had been committed to Brixton prison for debt, yet called attention to the worse conditions which prevailed in 1732. In an Old Bailey Sessions report of that year he found where three judges had tried 73 prisoners in three days and sentenced ten of them to be hanged. Among those hanged was a boy of 16, and in two instances the lives of the prisoners were taken for stealing the separate sums of 3i4d. and 6d.

Starvation in Ruthenia

A CZECHOSLOVAKIAN deputy declares that there are whole districts of eastern Czechoslovakia where the people have not seen a piece of bread since autumn last. He saw a cow sold for three dollars; a horse, for 20c. There are 15,000 children starving. The only food in large areas is a little bread and potatoes. The trains travel without passengers through a country as sad and lifeless as a cemetery. As a result of undernourishment both the mon and the women are old at the age of 35. The houses are low, dark, dirty huts without chimneys, and in winter are used as stables as well as for the family. More than 70 percent of these poor Rutlienians are illiterates, without clocks or calendars.

Semagraph Sets Type Without Human Aid

HE Semagraph, invention of Buford L.

Green, Charlotte, N. C., sets six lines of type a minute direct from copy written by reporters on a special typewriter. The device will take care of short lines, eliminations of portions of lines and other corrections of the general nature which copyreaders may make. One machinist will be able to watch an entire battery of machines. A largo array of publishers have witnessed the trial of the machine, and it won’t be long before there will be some thousands of linotype operators unable to find vork. The Semagraph will have appropriated their jobs.

Rar Department Refused the Pictures

rpiiE war department has authentic pictures J- of the World War so horrible that the public which paid dearly for them may not sec them. In refusing a publisher the use of these pictures, tin1 chief of the Signal Corps, General Carr, delivered himself of the following silly chatter: “Think of the Gold Star mothers the country sent to France. Over there they saw the lovely cemeteries in which lie the dead of the A.E.F. Perhaps their hoys lie there. Those mothers carried home in their minds beautiful pictures of these well-kept resting places. That is what they should have—we cannot spoil these memories.’'’ In other Avords, this general does not want those mothers to know the wretched truth about Avar; he wants them to be deceived and kidded as they have been deceived and kidded in all ages, so that when the politicians and financiers want to murder a few millions more they an ill find plenty of mothers ready to sacrifice the lives of others. Every “gold star’’ Avar mother ought to get doAvn in just one trench dug through the rotten carcass of a hoy ami stay there a day in the slime and among the rats, with the bullets whistling over her head. It is not pretty pictures of cemeteries the mothers need; it is pictures that tell them the truth.

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