Golden Age, June 8, 1932

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<&e Golden Age

A JOURNAL OF FACT HOPE AND COURAGE

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in this issue KINGDOM MESSAGE IN BRITISH EAST AFRICA

EVENTS IN CANADA

WHOLE WHEAT RECIPES CAN GIRLS AFFORD TO SMOKE? NOT TO BLAME FOR THESE A SYMPOSIUM ON MEDICINE PLACING OBEDIENCE ABOVE LOVE OF KINDRED

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every other WEDNESDAY five cents a copy one dollar a year Canada & Foreign 1.25

Vol. XIII - No. 332

June 8, 1932

CONTENTS

LABOR AND ECONOMICS

Small Users of Electricity Robbed 556 Mellon Feathered Own Nest . . 556 40,000,000 Living Below Standard 557 Wild Boys of New York .... 557 Public Work at Stand Sti’l . . 557 Jonesboro, Arkansas.....557

SOI Businesses Overboard . . . 558 Niles Feeds Many for Little . . 558 Rocky Mount in Splendid Shape 558 Unfilled Orders of Steel Trust . 559 Uncle Sam’s Tax Bill .... 559 Coal Mining Perplexities . . . 559 Bakers Will Help Feed Hungry 559 Forrest City, Arkansas .... 559 Calion’s Municipal Plant . . 560

SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL

Not to Blame for These .... 556

2,000 Kidnapings in Two Years . 558

Twelve Safety Commandments . 550

FINANCE—COMMERCE—TRANSPORTATION

Who Got the 168 Pounds’? . . 557

Steamship Fares Reduced . . 558

Panama Canal Tolls Away Down 558 Westinghouse Loss $3,655,659 . 558 Increasing Use of Airways . . . 559 Fest Trains to Chicago . . . 559 Air Transportation in 1931 . . 560 Railroads Gradually Slipping . 560

Steigall and Federal Reserve . 575

POLITICAL—DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN

Newfoundland on Rampage . . . 549

Events in Canada.......550

Johnson Wants Better Government......555

Anti-Injunction Bill Now a Law 555

AGRICULTURE AND HUSBANDRY

Raising Pullets in Alberta . . . 552

SCIENCE AND INVENTION

To Utilize Currents of Upper Air 556

Wingless Flying Machine . . . 558

Uses for Glass Bricks.....559

HOME AND HEALTH

More Whole Wheat Recipes . . 553

Can Girls Afford to Smoke? . . 554

A Symposium on Medicine . . . 561

TRAVEL AND MISCELLANY

Kingdom Message in British East Africa

An Industrious Bank-robbing Firm

Conditions in Russia

RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY

Why Clergy Are Silent .... 556

Pope Was Grateful

Placing Obedience Above Lo\e of Kindred

Published every other Wednesday at 117 Adams Street, Brooklyn, N. Y., L’. S. A., by WOODWORTH, KNORR & MARTIN

Copartners and Proprietors Address: 117 Adams street, Brooklyn, N. Y., U. S. A. CLAYTON J. WOODWORTH . . Editor ROBERT J. MARTIN .. Business Manager NATHAN II. KNORR.. Secretary and Treasurer

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Entered as second-class matter at Brooklyn, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1870.

Golden Age

Volume XIII Brooklyn, N. Y., Wednesday, June 8, 1932 Number 332

The Kingdom Message in British East Africa By Robert Nisbet

THE territory now known as British East Africa includes towns with a history dating hack three thousand years, and others which have sprung up in places unvisited by the white man one hundred years ago. The island of Zanzibar has for centuries been the greatest of all centers of the slave trade; while the town of Mombasa, on the mainland, has witnessed many battles and much bloodshed since the beginning of history. The towns inland in Kenya colony, Uganda, and Tanganyika have for the most part been developed in the. present century.

Climatic conditions vary much according to altitude and, according to the East African Fear Boole, can conveniently be divided into two portions, i.e., the Highlands and the Lowlands.

“The Lowlands-” describes that territory below 4,500 feet and includes both the seacoast area and a large tract surrounding Lake Victoria in the interior. In these parts Europeans are advised to exercise care in order to maintain normal health and must go away for periodical changes. Conditions are unsuitable for the rearing of children.

The Highlands are situated between the above-mentioned areas, and conditions there are much less tropical and are generally healthy.

The risk of malaria is everywhere; but it is preventable and curable. The only certain way to prevent malaria is to see that the liver and kidneys are kept in good order and that any constipation be immediately corrected and health maintained generally. It is essential to sleep under mosquito-proof nets and, last but not least, to take not less than five grains of quinine every evening. Malaria fever is caused by the bite from a mosquito carrying the malaria germ. If a sufficiency of quinine is circulating in the blood at the time of the injection the malaria germ is at once destroyed. On the advice of the Society, the writer took five grains and sometimes ten grains of quinine daily and felt no ill effects whatever. Government quinine

is available at cost price at all the post offices in East Africa.

A topee, or sun helmet, is essential during the day, when it is dangerous to allow the head to be exposed to the sun for even a few minutes. Much has been done of late years to improve health conditions, and if the above precautions are taken, no danger may be anticipated.

Towards the end of August of last year, two of Jehovah's witnesses arrived at Dar es Salaam, the capital of Tanganyika, complete with a generous supply of “ammunition” in the ship's cargo. The testimony work began without delay, and in a fortnight nearly a thousand books and booklets had been distributed. This, of course, raised the ire of the clergy, and a notice was placed on the Catholic church notice hoard calling the attention of all parishioners of Dar es Salaam to No. 1399 of the Canon Law strictly prohibiting to buy, to read, or even only to keep such books in a Catholic home.

Many of the books were left with Europeans, but a goodly number were put in the hands of educated Indians, and also a class of Indians known as Goans, who seemed particularly interested.

Our next port of call was Zanzibar, situated on the island of the same name, twenty miles from the mainland. Zanzibar has been for centuries the largest town in East Africa and has nearly a quarter of a million inhabitants. Only three hundred of these are Europeans, but they are the rulers. The great majority are Swahilis, and there are 45,000 Indians and Arabs. The town is laid out without any plan, and hence the streets twist and turn in every way, so that a stranger soon altogether loses his sense of direction. So narrow are the streets that motor cars can pass only along the main roads, and even then pedestrians must look out for a shop door or some other refuge when one approaches.

The buildings are, in the main, of Arab design ; and the hotel at which we stayed, with its 547 ‘

5-18 heavily studded doors and thick Avails, looked more like a prison than anything else.

Zanzibar supplies practically the whole world with cloves, and the aronia of these is present in most parts of the town.

Our work here was mainly among the Indians and Europeans, and it was among the former that the great majority of the books were placed. It was indeed a privilege to take the message of true freedom to this town which has for long years traded in slaves. The slave trade is now almost at an end, but a far greater freedom awaits not only the natives of Zanzibar, but the peoples of earth.

After a stay of ten days we again boarded a ship, this time bound for Mombasa en route for the Highlands of Kenya. Our three weeks’ work on the coast had been carried out under very hot conditions and we were looking forward to work in a more temperate climate.

At Mombasa we boarded a train in the evening, expecting to reach our destination the next evening. The East African trains are very well equipped for tropical travel. Each carriage is provided with a shutter to keep out the strong rays of the sun, a wire mosquito net, as well as a window. A very comfortable bed is provided for three shillings, and the bedding attendant will spray the compartment on request to destroy mosquitos. A restaurant car is provided on all long distance trains, and good meals are provided.

The train, on leaving Mombasa, traversed a beautiful country among stately cocoanut palms, banana plantations and other tropical fruit. We enjoyed a very comfortable night’s sleep, but shortly after we awoke in the morning the train began to skid and bump about in such a manner 'that we thought a wheel might be off the rails. On putting down the mosquito net a most alarming sight met our eyes. The whole atmosphere for miles around was thick with locusts. There were literally millions of them; and we hurriedly put up the windows, having read somewhere that locusts had stings. These locusts, in five minutes, had the train completely paralyzed. They got onto the rails and made it impossible for the wheels of the engine to grip, hence the violent bumping and. shaking. The train was on a slight incline. We could not go forward; so we were allowed to run back over a mile, and then we tried again. This time the engine reached nearer the top before being

Brooklyn, N. y.

brought to a standstill, and then a number of natives went immediately in front of the locomotive and swept away the locusts as the wheels approached. After a good shaking the top of the hill was reached, and in a short time the train ran out of the swarm. It was indeed fortunate that these locusts did not have stings.

We arrived at our destination in good time and obtained very favorable terms at an inn. Here we were in the midst of a farming district and enjoyed the very best of food obtainable. Fine fresh vegetables, fruit and dairy products in abundance were included in our fare, and our meals were such as could not be obtained in central London at any price.

The witness work continued, sometimes amid great swarms of locusts. One farmer told us that his usual milk supply had been reduced from 120 gallons to 25 gallons a day because the locusts had eaten up his cattle's grazing. His neighboring farmer is in the same plight, but each of them purchased a set of nine of Judge Rutherford’s books, a set of eleven booklets, as well as a year's subscription for The Golden Age. We hope that they have already found out who is responsible for the ravages of the locusts and that they are looking forward to the coming deliverance from this and all of mankind’s troubles.

We much appreciated the temperate climate of this area, due, of course, to its height above sea level. In less than a fortnight, however, it was necessary to go further inland to the lowland area. The first stage of our journey was by train to lake Victoria, where we boarded the S. S. Clement Hill, the lake steamer. Lake Victoria is really an inland sea, 250 miles long and 150 miles wide. The steamer leaves Kisumu every Friday, taking five days to do the. round trip.

After twenty-one hours’ sailing, we reached our next town of working, Kampala, the capital of Uganda (Central Africa). Here the books wore distributed in a most wonderful way, many complete sets of books and booklets, along with Golden Age subscriptions, being received. One gentleman who had seen a friend of his enthusiastically reading Government fifty miles out in the jungle arrived in Kampala one evening determined to find the young men who were distributing these books. He now has all of them and is also a Golden Age subscriber.

The next town we wanted to call on was twen-

ty-five miles farther inland, and since the railway has not penetrated there yet, we had to go by car. After a very successful visit and having reached a point nearly a thousand miles from the coast, we commenced our return journey by another route.

At Jinja a few days were spent and here we had time to visit the magnificent Ripon Falls fed by Lake Victoria and forming the source of the world’s most ancient river, the Nile. No doubt little changed throughout the centuries, the hippos play in the pools close at hand, the crocodiles bask in the sun on the adjoining rocks, and big fish leap in the pools at the. base of the falls. Here was the source of the river whose waters had been the wealth of Egypt and which at one time were turned into blood. The source of the Nile was discovered only in 1860 by Speke, and thereby was solved a mystery which had baffled geographers for untold years.

We continued our journey to the coast, calling on a few towns on the way. The railway line runs along the equator for some distance, but contrary to what one might expect, it was exceedingly cold. The highest station in the British Empire, 9,000 feet above sea level, is situated just a few miles from Equator Station, where the railway crosses the line three times.

A few days later we were at Mombasa, on the coast, where the heat can be described only as terrific. We were forced to cut down the number of books carried in our cases, and even then we could not work long hours. We were continually covered with sweat. Nevertheless a very effective witness was given in that town. Two very well attended lectures were given, the biggest proportion of those present being Goans.

The Goans come from a province of India south of Bombay known as Goa. They are of Portuguese descent and all over East Africa hold good positions in government and other offices. They are a fine, intelligent race of people and always ready to learn something that will better mankind. Their homeland is overrun with Catholic priests, who would like to exercise the same control over the Goans of East Africa. These people, however, are of an inquiring mind and they are fast finding out that there is something fax’ wrong.

After leaving plenty of evidence of our visit to Mombasa we sailed again for a neighboring town along the coast. A short stay there completed our visit to East Africa and we boarded the Llandovery Castle and commenced our three-thousand-mile journey back to Cape Town.

The message of the incoming kingdom of Jehovah has therefore been liberally spread over East and Central Africa. It is a magnificent country; and soon, in the day when nothing shall hurt or destroy in all Jehovah’s holy kingdom, it will be a real happy home for some of earth's resurrected millions.

Newfoundland on the Rampage

AS LONG as a family has plenty of means it will get along pretty well, but when funds run low is a time to look for trouble. Newfoundland is hard up. A few months ago it reduced food rations to $1.60 per unit per month. This is about 5c per day per person. Did you ever try living on 5c a day ?

The Newfoundlanders did not take the cut any too well. Nine hundred of them raided a cabinet meeting, wrecked the furniture and broke a picture over the head of the premier. That was in February. It was, so to speak, the preliminary to the real fight.

The real fight came on in April, when the minister of finance and customs got sore and in the House of Assembly publicly asserted that the. premier had falsified minutes of the council in order to manipulate public funds, that one member had converted to his own use the money set apart for food rations for his constituents, and that one member had refused to file income tax returns. The premier tried to whitewash all this, but the Newfoundlanders would not have it.

Ten thousand of them gathered in front of the House of Assembly on April 5. They wanted to drown the premier, which is something no premier likes to have done to him. Then they smashed all the windows in the building, but they did not get the premier, because three clergymen took him under their wing and managed to get him out of the building into an adjoining one, and finally out of the back door of that into an automobile and away. Being a premier these days is almost as trying a job as being a preacher. The poor Newfoundlanders will now have to pay for all the windows they broke. The premier claims he is still in office.

TO HELP the rich to get richer and the poor poorer the government has seen fit to cut all civil servants’ wages 10 percent while interest rates have been allowed to increase. A front page editorial appearing in the Vancouver Sun is worthy of quoting in this connection. It reads:

Premier Bennett has decreased civil servants’ wages 10 percent; he has at the same time increased the rate of interest or rather the wages of money on new dominion loans. And Ottawa, controlling as it does the machinery of credit and the fiscal policy of Canada, pretty well dictates what each province must do.

Last week, the British Columbia government issued $5,000,000 of 6J-percent bonds at $95. This means that the government pays the astounding high rate of 7 percent for its money.

Briefly put, Premier Bennett's policies for Canada are to decrease the wages of work, but to increase the wages of money. Where will such a policy inevitably lead to?

When governments have to pay 7 percent for money, there is something wrong with government, or something wrong with the monetary system. That something wrong, unless quickly corrected, will undermine the value of safety of every dollar’s worth of securities in Canada, and if persisted in would soon wreck our whole capital structure.

Any sensible government knows that when the wages of money get too high and the wages of work get too low, the little man loses. He first loses his money, then loses his job; and then finally the country loses. That is what is happening in Canada today.

Instead of allowing the wages of money to increase from 4 to 5 percent and up to 7 percent, why does our premier not have the moral courage to get up on the floor of parliament and declare that the interest on Canada’s five billions of debt shall be reduced to, say, 4 percent. Four percent interest at today’s commodity prices and today’s wages actually means a greater purchasing power than 5 percent gave two or three years ago. True, the interest on capital must be protected, but no more than the wages of men.

Manifestly the government’s approach to the problem of economy is not in harmony with the opinion of the great body of Canadians. The policy being adopted will only widen the gaps in the economic structure without in any way ameliorating the distress of the individual Canadian.

Capitalist System a Failure

More and more the evidence is accruing pointing to the fact that the oppressive capitalistic system is a complete failure and bound to crash of its own weight. The intolerable burden heaped upon the people of Saskatchewan is revealed somewhat in the following editorial from the Saskatoon Star-Phoenix:

The people of Saskatchewan were somewhat startled yesterday when they read that their provincial debt had grown to $122,980,022 as compared with $88,000,000 eight months ago. Just how did it happen? The increase is approximately $35,000,000, of which $13,000,000 is the wheat pool guarantee. That means the debt grew roughly $22,000,000 in eight months from other causes. It is a lot of money. On a per capita basis it is more than $133 as compared with, roughly, $100 eight months ago. The announcement made in the house at Regina Monday will cause the people of Saskatchewan to await the budget with the keenest of interest to learn the details of how the expenditures were made. Presumably relief accounts for it.

The total as compared with Saskatchewan’s previous debt seems startlingly large, but set alongside the debt of other provinces it becomes less terrifying. For example, at the end of 1930 British Columbia’s provincial debt was $127,166,161, Alberta’s $113,806,926, and Manitoba’s $90,156,848. Each of those debts has increased in the past year and today is probably still higher than that of Saskatchewan. At that time the B.C. per capita debt amounted to, roughly, $210. In Ontario the per capita debt is as high as in Saskatchewan. Nevertheless, the growth seems excessive and calls for the closest scrutiny by the people of the province. If Mr. Gardiner’s estimate of the interest charges is correct (he places them at $6,500,000 yearly) it is a heavy burden for the already heavily-loaded taxpayers.

The International Boycott

The following interesting article, under the caption ‘‘Suicide Race Continues”, is from the Toronto Star:

If the most bitter of Marxian agitators had predicted, three years ago, that the capitalist system of the world would produce certain of the conditions which actually exist at the present time he would have been denounced as a traducer and vilifier who ought to be in jail. No such person could have invented worse accusations three years ago against the world economic system than to have charged that conditions would become as they are.

Every nation has walled itself in behind high tariffs, has stopped buying and is trying to go on selling.

It is not a complete boycott of each other’s goods; not in name, but it is largely that in effect.

Each country frantically tries to export goods, and just as frantically tries to shut out imports—although imports are nothing else but payments for exports. Canada, like all other countries, refuses to ac-

cept payment^ for imports, and her statesmen, like those at Washington, wonder what is wrong with the world. In line with what we have said on this subject before in an article entitled “What a World!” the New Statesman and Nation (Eng.) says:

“The international suicide race continues. Having all decided to keep out each other’s goods and to cut down our purchasing power, the producers of raw materials are everywhere reduced to destroying by one dodge or another the wealth the hungry people of the world are permitted to enjoy. Several recent instances of restriction of output should be welcomed by all orthodox economists. Rubber trees insist on producing rubber in spite of the world slump, and rubber untapped by its owners may be tapped by natives and offered for sale at distressingly low cost. At least one famous rubber company is now reported Io have found a solution for this unfortunate natural abundance. An effective rubber pest has been found and is now, we are told, to be pumped into the plantations. Similarly with regard to the surfeit of cotton. It has been seriously suggested that the planters should drop their campaign against the boll-weevil which has suddenly ceased to be a pest and become ‘the growers’ friend’. An alternative method of destroying crops is to find a new use for them. The Brazilian government is reported to have got tired of burning bags of coffee in a remote valley and is now trying to pulverize the coffee into briquettes, which are to be used as fuel for 1hc state railway engines. If this economic fantasia is played much longer it will not be coffee, only, but the whole economic system, that will go up in smoke.”

What a world! An occasional voice is raised here and there among political leaders in different countries urging a return to good sense. Senator Hull of Tennessee issued a call on Christmas Day “for international action to lower tariff barriers as the first step in solving the debt problem”. He declared that tariff walls had “strangled” trade and it was fatuous to have world commerce hampered and then insist on debt payments. Fatuous it all is—each nation seeking to live alone in its separate cell.

The B. C. G. Fake

The efficacy of the B. C. G. is challenged, according to a news item appearing in the Toronto Telegram from which we quote:

The efficacy of “B. C. G.” prophylactic vaccination against bovine tuberculosis is seriously challenged by the Pathological Division of the Animal Disease Research Institute in a statement appearing in the annual report of the Federal Department of Agriculture for the fiscal year 1929-30. International significance attaches to the statement owing to the fact that the system of “B. C. G.” vaccination was introduced by the Pasteur Institute of France. Experimental work in Canada has been carried on as a major study since 1924, and while it is not possible as yet to make a final report, the statement adds, “the experimental evidence so far obtained is distinctly unfavorable. The majority of the animals killed at different stages of the investigation have shown evidence of tuberculosis infection to a varying degree; and the animals which appeared to enjoy a temporary resistance to progressive disease arc proving, for the most part. Io be carriers and spreaders of virulent infection. With the knowledge at present available ‘B. C. G.’ vaccination of cattle could not be justified in Canada, and, in fact, is distinctly contraindicated.”

Why Not an Equitable Division?

The enormous inequality in the distribution of the growing wealth of the nation is seen in the following Canadian Press report:

Attempts to reduce wages were denounced as a “preposterous experiment” by Tom Moore, president of the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada, addressing members of the international labor movement at the Canadian National Exhibition grounds today.

Until a system of unemployment insurance was placed on the statute books of Canada and industry charged with its cost, the masses would always be at the mercy of capital in the matter of employment, he said.

“For economic reasons if for no other, employers arc taking pains to protect their workmen from the hazards of machinery. And the same thing would take place if the cost of unemployment insurance were charged against industry as a whole. Industry would not be so ready to cast off the workers in times of depression,” he declared.

Canada’s accumulated wealth had increased $7,-000.000.000 in the past nine years, said Mr. Moore. This represented the sum of $700 for every person in the country. Labor was entitled to some of the money which it helped to create, he said.

Enforcement of Gag Rule

The rulers, however, are satisfied to have it so and are determined to stop any effort whatsoever to bring about any change in that connection, as evidenced in the following Canadian Press report from Ottawa:

The Ilouse of Commons set a precedent today when it refused permission to a member to introduce a bill. Government supporters combined to outvote, 72 to 49, Liberals and other groups on a motion to permit J. S. Woodsworth, Labor, 'Winnipeg North-Centre, to introduce a bill to amend the Criminal Code. It was said to be the first time a member had been denied the right to produce legislation on the floor of the house.

The Winnipeg Laborite sought to amend the famous “Section 98” of the code, dealing with unlawfid assemblies. The house since 1926 has passed a similar bill on five different occasions, but each time it met defeat in the senate.

Frayed tempers were in evidence throughout the incident. It was punctuated with interjections flung across the floor, points of order and acrimonious remarks. At one stage Premier R. B. Bennett opposed granting Mr. Woodsworth the opportunity to explain his bill. This brought protests from Robert Gardiner, U. F. A. leader, Ernest LaPointe, who was leading the Liberals at the time, and cries of “Mussolini” from private members on the opposition side.

When Mr. Speaker George Black put the formal molion, “Shall leave be granted?” for the introduction of the Woodsworth bill, Premier Bennett gave an emphatic “No!” The reply was echoed by the government supporters, and before the Laborite had an opportunity to explain his bill, division bells were ringing.

The Workers Headed Downward

As further evidence the following item under the caption “Canada Makes Progress in Attacks on Workers” is quoted from The Furrow:

The following list will show Canada’s progress in free speech, free assemblage and free expression during the past year:

Arrests of Workers.................

Convictions

Demonstrations and Hall Meetings Smashed .....

Workers Murdered...................

Woundings and Beatings

Political Deportations

Fines Paid............................................................... $1,048

Total Sentences............. 119 years 3 months

Appeals

The “crimes” for which these sentences were inflicted range from attempted murder and inciting to mutiny down through inciting to riot, sedition, sabotage, unlawful assembly, etc., to minor charges such as vagrancy and disturbing the peace. The aim behind them all is to crush the working class of Canada. Let the toilers make of 1932 an answer to vicious attacks of the capitalist tyrants and persecutors! Organization must meet them and defeat their attempts at every point!

Every worker, every poor farmer, must fight the capitalist terror through his own organizations, and join and support the Canadian Labor Defense League, which fights for the victims of these ferocious assaults.

A Good Violin Story

The following is a very interesting item from the editorial columns of the Toronto Globe:

In addition to a touch of the wisdom of Solomon, there appears to be a good deal of human nature in the County Court procedure of his Honor Judge Field. Yesterday this happy combination led to a most unusual occurrence. A Polish laborer sought to recover from a compatriot an old and valued violin which, he claimed, had been left with the defendant for safe-keeping while the owner toiled in a Northern forest. The musician wanted either the violin or $500, while defendant maintained it had been given him in payment of room rent.

So far, little interest. But the Court saw more in the action than appeared on the surface. A sort of musical habeas corpus came into effect, and the violin was produced in court. The plaintiff was ordered to play. Now, an observant judge may note instantly whether or not a violinist is performing on his own familiar instrument. His chin fits snugly to the “rest”, his fingers wander easily to their places along the strings, while his grip of the bow is like the handshake extended to an old friend.

While the Court watched, the plaintiff played. He seemed to know what was expected of him. “The fair land of Poland,” his home, rose before him, and the silent courtroom was flooded with the melodies of a musical people in an older setting. There was no doubting the ownership of that violin. The thrill of music has wrought wonders in this world, and in this case it restored to an expatriated son of Poland his beloved violin.

But what a delightful method of bringing out evidence of ownership!

Raising Pullets in Alberta

A FARMER at Three Hills, Alberta, raised twenty-one fine pullets and, the latter part of February, packed them in a ease and hopefully shipped them to Calgary. The freight charge on the whole shipment was $1.50. Other charges were 25c. Eight of the twenty-one pullets were graded as No. 2, and as their combined weight was 30 pounds, and the market was paying 5c per pound, the shipment dragged down a total of $1.50. The remaining thirteen pullets were listed as “No value”.

It thus appears that all the. farmer lost for raising the twenty-one pullets and taking them to the railroad station was 25c, which, per pullet, figures out in cents only 1.190476190476 cents. It is evident that the man did not figure right, for if he had taken four more pullets to the station his loss per pullet would have been only one cent.

On the other hand, if he had taken only ten pullets to the station his loss per pullet would have been two and one-half cents. Now if he had taken 250 pullets to the station his loss per pullet would have been only one-tenth of a cent.

Maybe some kind-hearted farmer will undertake to go over these figures and show us just how this Three Hills pullet raiser should have figured this thing so as to get paid for raising his pullets. Here is a chance now for this California man — what’s his name ? — William A. Vinson, the one who made so much trouble for us in our issue of April 16,1930, to do the handsome thing and clear it all up.

More Whole Wheat Recipes By Mrs. A. M. McCullough (Tennessee)

THERE have been so many articles in The Golden Age about whole wheat flour and how to make the bread, but nothing about using it in other ways than as a cereal, that I thought I would send in some general information and some recipes.

We quit using white flour and granulated sugar ten years ago. We first used whole wheat flour as a cereal (often adding raisins a few minutes before serving) and for making muffins. Then I began experimenting, using my same recipes, but using all whole wheat flour instead of white flour, and brown sugar instead of white sugar.

Whole wheat flour requires more milk than white flour, and less heat, and should be cooked a little longer. Whole wheat flour makes good waffles, pancakes, coffee cake, cookies, pie crust, dumplings, gravy, and cake. If you don’t believe it, just try it. It makes the best fruit cake, and the cake stays moist longer than when made with white flour. If the whole wheat flour is ground coarse, sift out the bran when making pie crust or cake; but don’t throw away the bran: use it when making muffins or mush. If the whole wheat flour is ground fine, don’t sift it for anything.

There is no sense in feeding children cake, bread, cookies, etc., made of white flour and white sugar and then take them to the dentist and doctor all the time, when whole wheat flour and brown sugar make things good to eat. I always use brown sugar when making custard, cocoa, pie or candy, and everyone says “it's good”. Have even used brown sugar for meringue and ice cream. We can learn to like anything; so why not learn to like what is good for us ? White sugar and white bread look sick to mo.

I never have any luck making whole wheat muffins with sour milk; so if anyone has failed making them with sour milk, don’t be discouraged, but try making them with sweet milk.

COOKIES

Two cups whole wheat flour

One cup Quaker Oats

One and half cups brown sugar Three-fourths teaspoon soda One and one-half teaspoon cream of tartar

One-half teaspoon salt

One-half teaspoon cinnamon

One-half cup raisins

Twelve chopped dates

Eight tablespoons Mazola (or equivalent) One egg

One-half cup sweet milk

All measurements level.

Drop spoonfuls on greased tin and bake quickly.

EGG BREAD

One cup whole wheat flour

One cup corn meal

One heaping tablespoon brown sugar

One level teaspoon salt

One level teaspoon soda

One egg

Four tablespoons Mazola (or equivalent) One and one-half cups buttermilk

Mix thoroughly and bake in greased shallow pan or muffin pans in moderate oven.

CUP CAKES

Two cups whole wheat flour

One-half teaspoon salt

One-half teaspoon soda

One teaspoon cream of tartar

One and one-half cups sweet milk

One cup brown sugar

One or two eggs

Eight tablespoons Mazola (or equivalent) One teaspoon vanilla

All measurements level.

Mix flour, salt, soda and cream of tartar together.

Mix milk, sugar, eggs, shortening and vanilla together.

Add dry mixture into the liquid. Fill greased cup cake pans three-fourths full and bake in moderate oven. Or this can be made into a two layer cake. Those who bake with gas may put cakes in cold oven.

COCOANUT CAKE

To the above add one-quarter pound Baker’s dry cocoanut or grated fresh cocoanut.

CHOCOLATE CAKE

To the above recipe add four level tablespoons cocoa or one square of Baker’s bitter chocolate grated and one-third cup more of brown sugar.

COFFEE CAKE

Two cups whole wheat flour

Half cup brown sugar

Half teaspoon salt

Half teaspoon cinnamon

Half teaspoon soda

One teaspoon cream of tartar

Four tablespoons Mazola (or equivalent)

One egg

Three-fourths cup swTeet milk

Mix all together and pour into shallow pan. Then mix and spread over the. top half teaspoon cinnamon, half cup brown sugar and one well beaten egg. Bake in moderate oven twenty or thirty minutes.

All measurements level.

If baking powder is used instead of cream of tartar and soda, use the same amount you have been using with white flour.

Can Girls Afford to Smoke After Reading These Facts?

(Reprinted from Midwest Free Press)

Dr. C. L. Barber, the eminent physician, says, “Cigarette smoking is spoiling our boys and girls. It takes a boy’s regard for the chastity of his school girl associates. The girls who smoke cigarettes are failing to an alarming degree in the appreciation of their womanhood and sacred chastity.”

“Smoking destroys a woman for a mother. Her baby is poisoned while she is carrying it; the baby is born sick. I have seen ten cases of this sort in one year.”

“A baby born of a cigarette-smoking mother is sick; it is poisoned, and may die within two weeks after birth. The post mortem shows degeneration of the liver, heart and other organs.” “Sixty percent of all babies born from cigarettesmoking mothers die before they are two years of age.”

The early indulgence in tobacco by boys and girls causes premature development of the generative organs, a result not welcomed by thoughtful parents of today; and later it brings about premature inactivity and impotency.

Dr. Samuel A. Brown, dean of Bellevue Hospital, New York city, says that “smoking is more injurious to women than to men”, adding that “women smoke nervously; they cannot smoke moderately. Their nervous condition develops anemia and other ills to which the sex is susceptible. From the standpoint of health, cigarette smoking among women is very objectionable, and on the other hand, it is a let-down of moral standards. Among growing girls, particularly those developing mentally and physically, the habit is extremely dangerous”.

Dr. Lewin says “the sexual power is impaired by smoking and impotence sometimes results”. Dr. Mutrel “found nicotine in both the milk of nursing mothers and in the fluid surrounding the baby before birth”. Dr. Hubert Tidswell says “the delicate germ plasma of the male smoker from which the infant is developed is injured by nicotine”. Dr. I. Miller, of Carlsbad, said “the growing use of tobacco by girls and women foreshadows only evil to the race. When both parents use tobacco it means, in the end, race deterioration, if not worse”.

Dr. Lorand said that “while tobacco produces harmful effects on women who are already completely developed sexually, its injurious action i s even more serious in incompletely developed immature young girls, among whom smoking nowadays is unfortunately becoming more and more prevalent. Indeed, the pernicious influence of tobacco on the organs of young girls is, to my opinion, a matter which the government authorities cannot allow to pass unnoticed”. Dr. Kress says that “if young women take up smoking generally there will come in the future a landslide in physical and moral degeneracy; the race will be doomed”.

Dr. Solly, the famous surgeon of St. 'Thomas Hospital, London, says “tobacco is a stimulus to the generative system, but the stimulating effect is much earlier followed by its depressing action; consequently it has long been known, when used immoderately, to extinguish the sexual appetite and annihilate the reproductive faculty. It is a prolific source of spermatorrhea”.

Dr. Walter Tyrell, of the Royal College of Surgeons, London, says “the tobacco habit is one of those pleasant vices which scourge us, destroying the very principles of manhood. I feel confident that one of the most common, as well as the worst, of its effects is that of weakening and in some eases of destroying the generative functions”.

Dr. R. Hofstatter, of France, says “the use of cigarettes is damaging the facial beauty of women. The features become sharper, the corners of the lips prematurely wrinkle, the lower lip sticks out farther than the upper, and thickens, the lips lose their natural color and become pale, and later they grow a mustache. Twenty-seven percent of the women in hospitals and asylums have both beard and mustache”.

Johnson Wants a Better Government

Referring to the losses of $2,000,000,000 sustained by small American investors in bonds of European and South American countries, Senator Hiram Johnson, of California, recently said: “Had I the power I would take this government out of the lethargy that has characterized it. I would awaken it to its responsibilities to its investing public. I would make, it the arbiter in the offering of foreign securities and thus compel it to do that which it has, in the interest of international bankers, so carefully avoided, express itself so that, instead of deceiving the American public, it may enlighten it.”

Anti-Injunction Bill Now a Law

Tp HE anti-injunction bill is now a law. It does away with the yellow dog contract by which, in exchange for work, the workers pledged themselves not to join labor organizations, and the law also forbids United States courts to issue injunctions prohibiting workers from refusing to work, or prohibiting the organization of workers or the conducting of strikes.

Why Clergy Are Silent

(Extract from a personal letter to

By J). H. Sicengel, M. D. (Michigan)

Judge Rutherford)

I was raised on an orthodox milk formula, like the inclosure, diluted with water and sweetened to taste. Which introduces the purpose of this letter.

You often say, “The preachers ought to know; they should have told the people, etc.” The reason they do not know I have set forth above. I suggest that you begin to tell the people that the preachers do not tell them the plain story in the Book because they do not know it. They know all about the Bible, but nothing of its contents. Tell them to ask their preachers how many times they have read the Bible from cover to cover, and not to be content with an evasion. Then they will understand what is meant by ‘the blind leading the blind’.

I smile as I think of the possible reaction.

MY FATHER was a preacher, but in spite of that I became an apostate, for twenty years, long enough to erase the old traditional misinterpretation which you and I know as blasphemy. There came a time when I looked into my father’s eyes and asked a question. He knew an answer must be forthcoming.

“Dad, how many times have you read the Bible from cover to cover?”

“Once, but parts of it many times.”

I asked a friend, a master of arts, so consecrated that he spent most of his adult life as a missionary to Japan, the same question.

“Never from cover to cover, but parts of it many times.”

He was a fine, effective little preacher. I like him.

Not to Blame for These

To Utilize Currents of Upper Air

EARLY everybody has noticed that there is always some wind stirring at high elevations. A German now proposes to take advantage of this fact to produce cheap electric current. If his ideas, which are attracting much attention, are put into effect, great towers will be built reaching 1,000 to 1,400 feet into the air, and upon them will be mounted gigantic windwheels several hundred feet in diameter. It is calculated that these wheels will produce electric power at less than a quarter of a cent per kilowatt hour.

Small Users of Electricity Robbed

THE small users of electricity are being robbed, and the service charge or ready-to-serve charge is the thief that takes the money. Llewellyn Cooke, trustee of the Power Authority of the State of New York, is authority for the manifestly correct information that the small users of electricity who, all together, buy less than a third of the electric power generated, pay nearly two-thirds of the total revenues. Of the nearly nine billion dollars in revenues collected by the industry in the years 1926-1930 the small lighting customers contributed nearly five and one-half billion dollars, or 61 percent, although they used but 30 percent of the kilowatt hours.

Dead Indian Takes a Ride

CENTRAL AMERICA, where travel by all other methods is extremely slow and tedious, now has airplane service to all important points. Trips that take weeks by normal methods are accomplished in as many hours through the air. Not long ago an Indian died while at the capital city of Guatemala. His friends desired to have his funeral held in his home town. The only way he could be taken there in any reasonable time was by plane. The plane had no space for caskets, so the dead Indian was helped into a seat and took his last ride sitting bolt upright.

Mellon Feathered His Own Nest

overnor Pinchot, of Pennsylvania, speaking before the City Club of Cleveland charged that Andrew Mellon is directly blamable for the present depression. In bringing about tremendous reductions in income-tax rates for the wealthy, Mr. Mellon effected in his own case a saving in one year of $828,348. Governor Pinchot would like to see America turn from her present rule by Big Business to a new government of the people, by the people, for the people, but it is something he will never see. He will see God’s kingdom instead, and it will be the complete desire of every honest heart.

The Pope Was Grateful

ALTHOUGH the check from America of $1,100,000 as this year’s contribution to the “propagation of the faith” is 20 percent less than usual, yet the pope is said to be grateful, and in view of the fact that here in America we have 8,300,000 families that are half clad and starving it would seem as though he might well be.

Who Got the 168 Pounds?

THE Tacoma Times tells of a farmer who sold a 200-pound pig to the packers for $8.36. The next day he went to a retail meat market and was told that for $8.36 they would sell him 32 pounds of pork; and now the farmer is wondering who got the other 168 pounds, and if the people that buy pork know that the farmer gets only 16c out of every dollar they pay for it.

An Industrious Bank-robbing Firm

AN INDUSTRIOUS bank-robbing firm showed its hand in a Pacific Coast city. The robbers entered a five-foot storm drain through a manhole more than a mile distant. Directly in front of the bank they cut a two-foot hole through the six-inch concrete wall of the drain and then burrowed 46 feet underground until they got directly beneath the bank's inner vault. There, they drilled up through a twelve-inch reinforced concrete floor and came out in the exact center of the place they started for. It is believed that the job must have been planned by an architect or structural engineer who had a set of plans of the bank and knew exactly how to take advantage of them.

The King of the Stowaways

THE “king of the stowaways” is just back from a free trip to England. He went on board the Olympic as a longshoreman, and with the aid of two suits of clothes passed the time pleasantly enough, part of the time as a sailor and part of the time as a business man. He found an empty cabin and ate with the sailors. At Southampton he walked down the crew’s gangplank, leaped over the wall and started for London, which he reached all right and without spending any money. There he surrendered to the police, as he found he could not get the job he had crossed the ocean to procure. They punished him by locking him up for a month, and then sent him home free.

40,000,000 Living Below Health Standard

OWING to unemployment, part-time work, and wage cuts, the American Federation of Labor estimates that 40,000,000 persons in the United States are now living below the minimum standard of health.

The Wild Boys of New York

Da. John II. Finley, of the New York Times, speaking over the radio, said that in the city of New York alone there are 20,000 boys between 16 and 20 years of age who are living like wild animals. They sleep where, they can and pick up a living as they can.

Public Work at a Stand Still

TN NEW YORK city $224,000,000 of public work is at a standstill. This work includes subways, bridges and tunnels which are badly needed and would give employment to thousands. The big banks refuse to loan the money, claiming that there is no market now for even the best of municipal bonds.

New York’s New Water Tunnel

NEW YORK has just completed the holing through of its new water tunnel. The tunnel is 20 miles long, and in no place is less than 020 feet under ground. It is designed to supply Brooklyn, Queens and a part of the Bronx, and to provide an alternate means of supplying New York itself in case of any accident to the old tunnel now in use.

Night Riders in Louisiana

NIGHT riders in Louisiana took a colored man 70 years of age into the woods, stripped him, whipped him, painted his hair green, his chest red and the rest of his body another color. His appearance so affected the poor man's appetite that he was unable to eat and within a week he died of starvation aggravated by fright.

Jonesboro, Arkansas

THE Jonesboro (Arkansas) municipal light and water plant has rates which are 20 percent less than any privately owned utility in the state. Last year the net profit of the plant was $44,385, besides a free service to the city totaling $28,000. Out of the 1931 earnings the plant gave the city fire department a new 500-gallon pumping unit.

801 Businesses Overboard

THE greatest number of business failures in one week ever recorded in the United States was that of 801 business defaults for the week ending January 28, 1932. This was an increase of 59 over the previous week, and 171 over the corresponding week of the previous year.

Steamship Fares Reduced

IN THE effort to offset last year’s losses shipowners of all countries have cut the rates 20 percent, and from that up to 50 percent for the most expensive suites. The net working loss of the Cunard Line last year was $2,100,000. A great increase in foreign travel is hoped for as a result of the new fares.

Ford’s Views on Advertising

Henry Ford recently said: “It seems to me a waste of time to have to urge people to buy in this country. That is not the manufacturer's business anyway. His business is to make something so good at a price so low they cannot help buying.” Incidentally, that mere statement, published free of charge, is good advertising; so Ford is a good advertiser anyway.

Greatest Bridge of All

THE greatest bridge of all, the George Washington bridge, over the Hudson at New York city, has more wire in it than the next seven big bridges of the world put together. Its main span of 3,500 feet is twice the length of the next in size, the Ambassador Bridge, at Detroit. On a warm July day the George Washington bridge is ten feet longer than on a January day.

2,000 Kidnapings in Two Years

THE New York Times is authority for the statement that in two years more than 2,000 persons have been abducted for ransom in the United States, of which number one-fifth were in the single state of Illinois. Some wealthy persons now employ detectives to constantly guard them from abduction. By such an act they confess that they have lost all confidence in the government to protect them in their commonest rights. In eight of the states, Alabama, Delaware, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Nebraska, Texas and Virginia, death is the penalty for abduction.

Panama Canal Tolls Away Down

TNTERNATIONAL business has so badly fall--L en off that Panama Canal tolls are the smallest in nine years. Compared with the first nine months of the fiscal year 1930 the corresponding period of the present fiscal year showed 1,403 fewer transits and $4,733,083 less in tolls, about a 25 percent reduction.

Niles, Ohio, Feeds Many for Little

NILES, Ohio, with a total population of 16,000, is feeding 4,377 persons, or was at last accounts. Ten tons of cabbage were bought at $20 a ton. Cooked cereal, fresh bread and coffee are served every morning. The main meal menus include ham and cabbage, pork and beans, beef stew, spaghetti and vegetables and are said to cost the city only about lie a meal.

Westinghouse Loss $3,655,659

THE Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company sustained a net loss of $3,'655,-659 for the year 1931, compared with a net income of $11,881,705 the previous year. The loss in 1931 was due to a depreciation of $5,671,779 in marketable securities in the huge surplus the 'Westinghouse company holds. Orders received during the year showed a decrease of 24 percent.

De la Cierva’s Wingless Flying Machine

Juan de la Cierva, the inventor who brought the autogiro to success, has now invented and has flown a wingless machine small enough to fit into an automobile garage. It can take off from a back yard or a rooftop, climbs vertically, and is practically uncrashable. It is expected that this craft will be able to travel 300 to 400 miles an hour.

Rocky Mount in Splendid Shape

ROCKY MOUNT, KU., is in splendid shape.

It owns and operates its own light, water and gas systems, and each year these industries turn back into the city treasury, over and above the cost of operation and payment of outstanding bonds, a net profit of approximately $150,-000. During the last five years the taxes have been cut almost in half. The city has a cash surplus of $72,149 in the bank; it has never had a bank failure; it is taking good care of its unemployed; it believes in municipal ownership instead of the aberrations of high finance associated with private ownership which has brought America where it now is.

Gambling Not So Profitable

STOCK exchange gambling is not so profitable as it was. In the year 1929 seats in the stock exchange sold for as high as $600,000. A seat was sold in April for $98,000. The total number of seats on the exchange is 1,375.

Unfilled Orders of Steel Trust

THE United States Steel Corporation ordinarily has on hand unfilled orders for upwards of five million tons of steel, but at the close of March these unfilled orders amounted to less than two and one-half million tons, and plants were operating at only 22 percent of their capacity.

Uncle Sam’s Tax Bill

UNCLE SAM’S tax bill of $14,000,000,000 is one-fifth the national income and amounts to approximately $110 annually for every man, woman and child in the United States, or approximately one day’s labor in every week from every citizen. A short time ago one person in every twenty-two was on the public payroll; now it is one in every eleven.

Raising Relief Funds in Queens

NEW YORK school teachers have been encouraged to give 5 percent of their wages for relief of the poor. In one school in Queens borough, where twenty-five teachers refused to contribute the 5 percent asked for, they were kept in by the principal for an hour and forty-live minutes until all but three had agreed to the demand of the principal that they contribute. The Queens sewer steals are the most dreadful in the history of government. Many lost their homes because they could not pay the huge assessments.

Coal Mining Perplexities

THE coal mining perplexities of the present trace back to the fact that in America we have too much coal and too many miners. In war times miners worked full time at large wages, but now much of the work is done by machinery, oil and natural gas have cut down the need for coal, and better combustion methods have still further reduced the demand. In the mining regions there are a million children for whom there is no apparent future occupation. Formerly there were opportunities to engage in agriculture, but even these outlets are closed.

The Uses for Glass Bricks

IT IS anticipated that one of the principal uses for the new glass bricks will be for the erection of gasoline service stations; they will also be used to fill the areas between windows, and in some factories glass brick roofs may be employed. The bricks are quite large, 1| times the size of common bricks.

Increasing Use of Airways

FARES on air lines have been dropped to six cents a mile, which is approximately rail plus Pullman fares. A check-up of 784 corporations capitalized at $100,000 or more shows that 477 of these now have executives traveling by air and find the need for air travel increasing. Planes are being speeded up and will soon be on schedules of 140 to 150 miles an hour.

Bakers Will Help Feed the Hungry

THE bakers will give to the Red Cross the five to ten million pounds of bread and other bakery products per week which they have on hand at the close of the day’s business, and they have also offered to bake bread, without profit, from government wheat now being distributed by the Red Cross. About 90 percent of the bakers in the country are included in these generous offers.

Fast Trains to Chicago

ONE reason why the trains to Chicago can now be speeded up is that traffic is so light. The changing of the time of so many trains disturbs schedules over the entire system. It is believed that by equipping the trains with specially designed pneumatic tires, and streamlining them, it would be possible to reduce the running time between the two cities to eight or nine hours. The new schedules call for eighteen hours for the fastest trains.

Forrest City, Arkansas

FORREST CITY, Arkansas, bought a small electric light and water plant for $11,000 in 1906. Since then, from its earnings, it has expended $155,000 on its plant and now has one that is up-to-date in every respect. The bonded indebtedness is now down to $50,000 and is being paid off at the rate of $12,500 a year. Last year the plant gave the. city $6,000 worth of free service, took care of its bonded obligations, and returned $22,000 in profits to the city treasury.

South American Mails Are Light

A IR mails to South America are light. In a recent month there was a total of only 334 pounds of mail carried on the air route via Dutch Guiana and Brazil to Buenos Aires. The Government paid the. Pan-American airways $79,140 for this service, or about $237 per pound. While this seems like a high cost per letter, yet we believe the money was well spent.

Much Unemployment in Detroit

AN EDITORIAL writer for the New York

Times, writing from Detroit about the middle of March, stated: “If 50,000 additional men were put to work in Detroit factories tomorrow there would not be as many men working as were employed a year ago. Not half the men who were employed in 1929 are working today, yet most of them and their families are still in Detroit, hoping against hope and leading a hand-to-mouth existence.”

Galion’s Municipal Plant

THE Galion (Ohio) municipal electric light plant, makes a minimum charge to its customers of 50c a month. The rate for the first 100 kilowatt hours is 4|c; the largest users get their current at 1c. From 1929 to 1931 more than $230,000 was taken from surplus and spent for improvements and plant extension. On February 1 of this year the city had a balance of $193,562.50 and laughs at the critics of municipal electric plants.

Twelve Safety Commandments

THE president of the Studebaker company gives twelve safety commandments:

1. Don’t pass on hills or blind curves — you might just as well drive blindfolded. 2. Don’t challenge the right of way — if in doubt take no chances. 3. Don’t fail to signal all turns — the fellow behind is no mind reader. 4. Don't cut corners — that’s the other fellow’s territory and he might claim it. 5. Don’t cut in sharply after passing — the driver behind hates 1 he ditch as much as you do. 6. Don’t cut out suddenly from behind a parked car — it may be both the start and finish of your trip. 7. Don’t weave all over the highway — that’s why there’s a center line. 8. Don’t attempt to beat a stoplight — it might beat you. 9. Don’t come to sudden stops without signaling — rear end crashes are costly. 10. Don’t lag in traffic— you have no right to delay those behind. 11. Don’t take a chance on faulty brakes or tires — it’s a saving you’ll regret in the long run. 12. Don’t be reckless at any time — you jeopardize not only your own life, but the other fellow’s as well.

Air Transportation in 1931

PASSENGERS over American lines in 1931 totaled 457,340, an increase of 22 percent over the previous year. Express shipments showed an increase of 118.9 percent for the same period. The miles flown totaled 41,416,688, which was an increase of 33 percent over 1930. The increase in pounds of air mail carried was 10 percent. These increases in air transportation in the face of the depression existing in other lines are very noteworthy.

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