Golden Age, August 5, 1931

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Golden Age

A JOURNAL OF FACT HOPE AND COURAGE

in tt,

THE CASE OF KOREA YOUTH

ONE-DAY FACTORY UTOPIA WHOLE WHEAT BREAD ORTHODOX MEDICAL ETHICS EUGENICS AND BARBARISM THE PENTATEUCH DISOBEDIENCE THE WAY TO DEATH

every other WEDNESDAY five cents a copy one dollar a year Canada & Foreign 1.25

Vol. XII - No. 310 August 5, 1931

SCIENCE AND INVENTION

LABOR AND ECONOMICS

3,000,000 on the Payroll . , 711

How Soldiers Spent Money . 715

SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL

Youth .......... 710

Kernels from the Cob .... 711

The Five Largest Cities .... 711

Better Feeling About Hughes . 712

Yale Drops Latin and Creek . . 713

Pilotless Plane Flown . . . Hupamotor a Success . , . World’s Largest Bank Vault . At Last the Parking Machine .

Now Salesmen Must Go . .

An Electrical Map . . . .

Secret of Oratorical Power .

. 711 . 712 , 713 . 714 . 715 . 715 .721

Freeman Charges Against Hoover 715 j The One-Day Factory Utopia . 716 i A Scotchman’s Vacation . . . 723 I

FINANCE—COMMERCE—TRANSPORTATION i

122 Air Routes Operated . . .711

Less-than-Carload Containers . , 713

Some of Instill’s Babies . . . 714

Usury ......... . cl i

HOME AND HEALTH

Uses of Slippery Elm Bark .

How to Remove Spots . . . Whole Wheat Bread . . . . Orthodox Medical Ethics . . Eugenics and Barbarism . . .

POLITICAL—DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN

Why the Hugo Deficit ? . . . 712

Twelve Years After the War . , 714

Spain’s Progress in Liberty . . 714

Beaverbrook's Fight Against

League .........715

Ellis Island in the Limelight . 718

Herbert Hoover’s Optimism . . 723

Frightening Enemy by Noises . 724

TRAVEL AND MISCELLANY

The Case of Korea . . . . First Unveiled Princess . . . Juries Abolished in Italy . . Good Conditions in Iceland .

Soviet Agricultural Policy .

Cuba’s Debt to Mrs. Ryder , .

RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY

AGRICULTURE AND HUSBANDRY

Chain Store Potato Farms , , 713

Russian Wheat Gluts Market . 714

. 707 . 711 . 713 . 71.3 . 718 . 723

How Easy It Is to Be Deceived ’ Odd Fellow and Masonic Prayers Authenticity of The Pentateuch Seventeen Lies in One Letter . Believe It or Not ......

Disobedience the Way to Death

Published every other Wednesday at 117 Adams Street, Brooklyn, N. Y., l, S. A,, by WOODWORTH, KNORR & MARTIN

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Golden Age

'A1,...... ;■ — , w.1;- •_:■„• „ ^..v.>..-.v,.,.rir.:*3ga^^ Volume XII Brooklyns Ne Y.s Wednesday, August 5, 1931 Number 310

, The Case

A PAMPHLET entitled Korea Must Be Free, put out by the Korean Commission, Washington, D. C., sets forth some of the sufferings of that land under Japanese administration and usi.rpation.

At the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War the Japanese government made an alliance with Korea guaranteeing the independence of the latter country in exchange for the privilege of using the Hermit Kingdom as a road by which to attack the Russian forces in and about Harbin,

As the war went on and Japan became confident of victory, need for keeping Korea even moderately satisfied had gone. The fair wages that the Korean laborers had received was cut down to one-sixth of its former figure, while the cost of all commodities rose to double price. The Koreans were reduced to starvation wages and were compelled, often at the point of the sword, to perform their work. Japanese armed men would invade a village and commandeer all the able-bodied men at the time of harvest when their labor was indispensable for the harvesting of the crops. Enormous areas of the best arable land were seized for the railroad without compensation, and when some of the owners protested they were taken out and shot. Photographs of their crucified and riddled bodies have been preserved. :

When ex-President Roosevelt returned from his trip through Africa he tvas entertained by the then Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany. The kaiser showed Teddy the vast military organization he had built up, and the endless supplies of war material, and Teddy is said to have been the indirect cause of the World War by saying to the kaiser, ‘With that outfit I could lick the world.” The kaiser tried it, and is spending the rest of his days at Doorn.

Something of this belligerency seems to have been in Mr. Roosevelt's advice to Japan at the conclusion of the Russo-Japanese War:

At the Treaty of Portsmouth, according to his own written statement, President Roosevelt advised the Japanese to seize the power in Korea and take charge

of Korea

of her foreign affairs. The United States was at that time in full treaty relations with Korea. The action at Portsmouth was taken without consultation from Korea, without asking to what extent, if any, such action would be satisfactory and without giving Korea an opportunity to offer arguments to the contrary. The only reason why Korea excuses this action is that she feels sure that if the American people as a whole had known what was going on they would have made such objections as would have prevented such a breach of international equity.

Plow the Japanese helped themselves to the property of the Korean people without any objection’s being offered by the military authorities is another item that makes one realize how far the Koreans have been from getting anything remotely approaching a square deal:

The military party was strongly intrenched in the Peninsula and they dominated the situation. Time and again, to the specific knowledge of American and other foreign residents of Korea, the civil and military factions clashed in the administration of affairs. Marquis Ito was wholly unable to control the police and gendarmery. Any good intentions he may have had in the line of proper treatment of the Korean people were frustrated by the powerful influence of the militarists. Witness, for instance, an event that happened in 1906, when Viscount Tanaka, the minister of the household to the emperor of Japan, was sent as a special envoy to attend the wedding of the crown prince of Korea. He was a leading member of the militaristic party. Pie had the effrontery to ask the emperor of Korea to give him an ancient pagoda that had stood since 1356 as one of the most distinguished landmarks of Korean history. It was an enormous structure of twenty-seven stories. The Emperor mildly expostulated with him, saying that the pagoda did not belong to him but to the nation. The request was refused. Thereupon Viscount Tanaka sent eighty-five armed men, tore down the pagoda, loaded it on a train and took it away to Japan! Such a thing might have been expected of an ordinary Japanese bandit, but that the formal representative of the emperor of Japan, on an official visit, when every act was constructively the act of his own emperor, should have been guilty of such' a piece of vandalism would be utterly unbelievable were not the evidence so damning. And what did Marquis Ito, the resident-general, do about it? He must have been humiliated beyond measure by such an unconscionable insult not only to the emperor of Korea but to himself as the representative of the Japanese government. He did nothing! He could do nothing. The most humiliating thing about it must have been that he could not throw up his job as a protest against this stultifying insult, for that would have been a reflection upon his own master. He had to take his medicine and keep still.

Mr. Roosevelt's advice was followed with a vengeance, and in a typically Japanese fashion:

The tragic farce began when Japanese police appeared at a missionary school in Sun-ehun and ordered all the students to go to the railway station and greet the Japanese governor-general as he passed through on the train. The students obeyed, but before they were allowed on the station platform they were all rigorously searched for lethal weapons. One small chap was deprived of his penknife. The train arrived, the governor-general came out and inspected the company of students and then went on.

A few days later the police arrested the whole school on the charge that they had conspired to assassinate the governor-general. It is credibly asserted that the police made the officer believe that it was through their vigilance and promptitude that his life was saved! Not only in Sun-ehun, but all over Korea, the leading men in. Christian circles were arrested until a hundred and twenty-three had been lodged in prison in Seoul. These men were kept for months entirely incommunicado. Neither their friends, their relatives nor their lawyers were allowed access to them. These men were subjected to torture in order to extract confessions from them. They were hung up by their thumbs twisted behind their backs; they were striped with hot irons; lighted cigars were pressed against the genital organs; their nails were torn out, and other things were done that were so much worse than these that common decency prevents us from describing them. These periods of torture were extended to many hours, up to a maximum of twenty-three hours. The police were well aware that these Koreans could not confess “intelligently”, for-they knew nothing about a plot. In order to make the confessions tally with the plan which the Japanese had made, the police commanded them to answer Yes to every question that was asked them or suffer the consequences. Nothing but that one word was permitted. The Korean, hanging there by his thumbs, his body racked with pain, knowing that it was a lie and knowing that they knew it was a lie, would finally gasp out the desired word, In this way the confessions all corroborated each other. The police had made out a perfect case! The trouble is, they overreached themselves and proved too much. Any legal authority will say that it would be impossible for a hundred and twenty-three men to give independent evidence covering even one-tenth of the ground which this did and have it all dove-tail so well together that there are no discrepancies. That is what the Japanese did in that trial.

Finally the case was brought into court. This was necessary in order to prove to the public that the charge was a bona fide one. Twenty Americans and Canadians attended that trial every day and all day as long as it continued. They could not be excluded.

One of the accused Korean prisoners would be brought in. The Japanese judge would hold up the paper containing his confession in prison and ask him if he would corroborate the statements therein. The Korean would declare it to be a lie from start to finish, and would state that the confession had been wrung from him by torture. This the judge would indignantly deny. In one case the prisoner attempted to pull up his sleeve to show the marks of torture, but the judge harshly commanded him not to do so! .

The judge condemned one hundred and six men to penal servitude for periods ranging from five to ten years. The Japanese lawyers who had been retained for the defense asked the privilege of producing one hundred and fifty-six witnesses for the defense, but the judge said that this was not necessary! When judgment was pronounced these lawyers of the defense were so outraged at the miscarriage of justice that they tried to have the judge impeached. The Korean victims had been made to confess that the American missionaries had urged them to assassinate the governor-general and had furnished them the arms with which to do it! After the trial some of these Americans came forward and said that if they had been implicated in this plot as its prime movers, it was they, and not the Koreans, who should be arrested and punished. The Japanese protested that they did not put any faith in this part of the evidence! Instead of accomplishing their purpose of discrediting Christianity in Korea the Japanese discredited themselves and involved themselves in a tangle of inconsistencies which made them the laughing stock of the civilized world. The judgment was speedily reversed by the Court of Appeals and all but six of the men were released. Even yet, the government tried to save its face by keeping in prison six of the accused, but at last released them as a matter of “clemency” on the event of some Japanese holiday, They were forgiven!

Japan’s purpose to secure possession of the natural resources of Korea was illustrated in the formation of The Oriental Development Company, whose purpose was the exploitation of Korea and Manchuria-. A large part of the stock of this company was held by the imperial family in Japan, Millions of dollars

were borrowed from American financiers—money that never would have been loaned, it is to be hoped, if the lenders had known how it was to be used. The best arable land in Korea was wrested from its owners by all sorts of trickery and fraud. In many cases the forms of law were observed, but full advantage was taken of the ignorance of the law on the part of the Korean peasantry. Let us illustrate this by a single case. A Japanese professes friendship for a Korean farmer and offers to lend him money at a low rate of interest for the improvement of his farm. The bond states that if. the money is not repaid on a certain day the farm reverts to the Japanese. On the day for payment the Korean brings his money to the office oi’ home of the Japanese in order to settle the account. II'' has the money in hand. But the Japanese is not there, nor can he be found. The Korean repeats the attempt each day for a week or so without success. At last the Japanese returns and claims the farm on the ground that the money was not paid when due. The court, dominated by the Japanese, gives the decision in favor of the Japanese citizen, and the Korean loses his farm. In one case the Korean was too clever for the Japanese. Unable to find his creditor, the Korean deposited the money in the bank in the name of the creditor and had a notary public witness the transaction. Even then, he had to take the matter through two or three courts before he secured his rights. It cost him a large amount of money and of time, but he won out. When we remember that every case in court in Korea is conducted in the Japanese language, which comparatively few Koreans understand, we will see that this alone is an act of oppression scarcely to be measured in moderate terms. A number of Koreans combined to carry on scientific agriculture. They sent and purchased a large amount of fertilizer in Manchuria, but the Japanese railroad delayed the transportation of the goods until the time for using it had long passed, and the Koreans lost everything. Meanwhile that same railroad had transported large amounts of the same commodity to Japanese in Korea, the orders for which were given long after the Korean order had been received and the goods had been paid for. Any number of such tricks were and are played by the Japanese to hamper and discourage Korean native enterprise. Many Koreans produce raw silk, but they are not allowed to sell it in the open market. They have to sell it to the Japanese at a starvation figure, and the Japanese make the profit. In order to get hold of rich timber’ land held by private Koreans the authorities passed the law that unless all such land should be registered by a certain date the land would be forfeited. But they did not see to it that this edict received prompt and wide circulation. Hundreds of these owners never heard about it, with the result that they lost their holdings. Everything proves that the Japanese have no thought for the welfare of the Koreans but are solely bent upon getting their hands upon everything that spells money in the Peninsula. A careful estimate shows that at the present time three-fourths of the best land in Korea has been alienated to the Japanese and the Koreans are being reduced to a condition like that of the Helots of ancient Greece.

At length thirty-three representatives of the Korean people met in a certain restaurant in Seoul and, in protest at Japan’s betrayal of her promises, issued a Declaration of Independence.

The thirty-two signers of The Declaration of Independence, sitting quietly in that restaurant, sent to the Japanese police headquarters and informed the police that they were in the restaurant and could be found there at any time. The police raided the place and haled those men away to prison. One of the signers had not yet arrived in Seoul. When he came his friends offered to hide him, but he scorned to be hidden. He walked to police headquarters and gave himself up, knowing full well that torture and death awaited him. One can judge from this whether the Korean people have stamina or not. The pity of it is that the world has not been made aware of the facts. There followed an orgy of harshness and brutality on the part of the Japanese which, next to the murder of the queen, is the foulest blot on the flag of that powerful country. The police and soldiers charged the unarmed crowds with swords, spears, rifles and every other form of weapon. Even the hooks were used which are needed to pull down houses in the path of fire. Private houses were raided by the lowest class of Japanese thugs, and the people were subjected to the most savage brutality. It would require a volume to recount the particulars of this sanguinary repression. We must refer the reader to the report by The Federal Council of Churches which they issued but which they do not seem to have distributed very freely. The atrocities perpetrated in Korea at that time far exceed in number and in harshness anything that was done on the Congo by the agents of Leopold.

Ilcnv the enlightened Japanese dealt with the strangers in their midst in a time of national catastrophe appears from the account of Avhat happened at the time of the Japanese earthquake, and makes one glad that the Pacific Ocean is as wide as it is:

At the time of the earthquake in Japan there w’ere more than ten thousand Koreans in Tokyo and Yokohama. They were students, merchants and ordinary workmen. They had no money, no organization, no power. They were peaceful citizens bent only upon making an honest living.

When that frightful cataclysm struck Japan the government was temporarily paralyzed. Tokyo and Yokohama were a veritable shambles. Among the first acts of the authorities was to send out a statement that the Koreans were looting, that they were poisoning wells, that they were using bombs and that they presented a grave danger to the Japanese populace, People everywhere were advised to kill the Koreans at sight. The evidence of this fact is given by more than one witness, but specifically by an American citizen connected with the dock service in Yokohama, He was on the spot and was conversant with the situation. Of course the accusation was absurd. If we search for a possible explanation for this almost unbelievable outrage it will be found in the fact that there existed in Tokyo and Yokohama a very large number of disaffected Japanese, criminals and blacklegs, whom the government suspected of Bolshevistic tendencies. They were quite capable of taking advantage of the general confusion to engage in plunder, It is believed that the charge against the Koreans was deliberately made in order to direct the felonious energies of these lawless Japanese into a channel that would relieve the pressure upon the. Japanese population. In other words, it wms a sort of safety valve, a counterpart of the letting loose of that same horde of bandits upon Korea at the time of the Russo-Japanese ‘War.

The result was that the Koreans were hunted down by these ruffians and killed by the thousands. It is estimated that nine thousand Koreans perished in the earthquake, five thousand of whom were massacred. Hundreds of them were roped together, in bunches of five, driven into old barges, sprayed with oil and burned to death, This is no mere rumor, It was witnessed by American citizens in broad daylight. Scores of Koreans made their way into the police headquarters for safety and were there cut down. We have photographs of acres of land covered with their dead bodies, telegraph poles festooned with their bodies, hanging by wires. An American citizen named W. H. Stevens was taking his family and some friends to Nikko by automobile. They wore stopped by a band of Japanese and compelled to witness the murder of eight Koreans by bayoneting them through the abdomen. When these men were dead, the Japanese laid the bodies in the road and compelled the American to drive his machine over the corpses! This was done, seemingly, in pure contempt for the well-known sympathies of Americans for the Korean people. This happened as late as the year 1923, which shows that the vaunted civilization of Japan has not been purged of its innate savagery,

Youth By Eric IF. Walton (London)

MUCH has been said and written in respect to the care of children, but what Of that transitory period between childhood and manhood or womanhood ?

Today there is a great cry about the decadence, the frivolity, and the stupidity of youth. These fruits are the harvest, in many cases of a poor rearing throughout childhood, and in others a good rearing cut short with the stunted idea that youth can take care of itself and that now is the time for the parents to rest.

The parents’ attitude towards youth should be based on knowledge which they should have gathered in their passing through this period; this alone can enable them to acknowledge that youth’s freshness, vigor, and reaching-out to express itself must not be met with a dictatory air and a constant “'thou shall not” (the spirit of suppression), but rather by meeting the son or daughter on his or her own level, not as a child, but as one who has entered into that phase of life in which parents are matured.

Youth must be given a measure of freedom which it demands, that it may have breadth of vision. The buds of aspiration and attainment should not be nipped off, but given a chance to blossom, It is the suppressed creature that becomes warped in mind and has to bury its talents; when it gets, or steals, its freedom, is it a wonder that it runs wild and becomes ensnared?

Give youth a chance, for it has the strength and vigor to handle the best of life’s resources; it has scope to increase its capacity, Parents’ give youth its dues, a youthful fellowship. Show a sympathy with its soaring mind and tactfully stabilize it on realities and facts of life; advise more and. dictate less. Do not tear everything down before its eyes, but build to the best of your ability that which will encourage and help the mind of youth to grow; and youth will prove itself appreciative and will rest more in its environment ami in those circumstances over which it has no control. Through this it will gather wisdom and strength to control its course of action, and will, bring into effect some of those ideals which youth so often is only allowed to dream of.

Parents! rise up to your privilege of duty towards youth.

Kernels from the Cob

Cadman Thinks Pope Will Win

ADMAN thinks that in the row between Mussolini and the pope the pope will win. The pope ought to bless Cadman for that, and

we hope he does. It will serve him right.

The First Unveiled Princess

T JAMMU city, India, May 9, two hundred thousand persons cheered the maharani of

Kashmir as she rode through the city unveiled. This is the first time the wife of a ruling Indian prince has appeared unveiled in public.

The Five Largest Cities ■

HE five largest cities of the world, arranged in the order of their populations as collected

3fi00fl00 on the Payroll

ENATOR BORAH tells us that avo have 3,000,000 on the public payrolls and that whereas our national expenditures were barely one billion dollars in 1914 they are almost five billion dollars in 1931. Forty percent of the increase in government expenditure is attributed to the World War.

Alfonso Worth About 30c

O UIS country Alfonso was worth about 30c, coin of the realm; but he managed to leave

by the census enumerators are: "‘London, 8,202-, 818; New York, 6,981,927; Paris, 4,887,503; Berlin, 4,013,588; Chicago, 3,376,438.”

Divorces at Reno

NYBODY in the United States that is tired of his life companion can get a divorce in

Spain with $2,619,000, and the royal family as a whole got away with $8,497,417. Much of this money was invested abroad; some 60 percent of it outside of Spain. The government has seized four of Alfonso’s pleasure yachts.

Pilotless Plane Flown at Houston.

OCATED nearly half a mile farther up in the sky a plane with a pilot managed anoth

Reno now if he is willing to live there six weeks. The divorce itself takes an average of about ten minutes in the divorce mill, and the lawyer gets about $300 for his work.

How South American Governments Exist

OLIVIA, Peru, Ecuador and Guatemala live in part from proceeds of the Swedish

er plane far below it, over the municipal airport at Houston, late in May. The pilotless plane Avas banked, dipped and turned at will, and shows plainly enough what can be done in time of war.

122 Air Routes Now Operated

HERE are now 122 air mail routes operated in the United States, with 15,258 miles of

match monopoly. Panama permits gambling and lotteries. Venezuela and Ecuador have liquor and tobacco monopolies. Costa Rica has liquor, insurance and other monopolies.

Radio Beacons to Guide Ships

AKING a cue from the guidance of airplanes the ships on the Great Lakes will hereafter

lighted airways for night flying, and 3,221 additional miles under construction. The average monthly pay of pilots at the close of 1930 was $460, a decrease of $90 per month in the calendar year.

Sent the Pickles Ten Times as Far

ROM Gallipolis, Ohio, to Baltimore, Md., by the B. & O., is 479 miles, but a Gallipolis

locate their exact positions by radio, and practically every large vessel on the Lakes will be ecpfipped this season with the new direction finders.

business concern has just sent a cargo of pickles around by way of New Orleans and Key West by water, a distance of approximately ten times as far, because it found the water route was cheaper.

Curative Waters Beneath Cologne

URATIVE waters have been found located 1,200 feet beneath the city of Cologne, and flovring at such a rate that they could be used

for the city’s water needs. These waters, particularly rich in carbonic salts, are said to rank with those of the world’s foremost spas, and Cologne will make the most of her new discovery.

The Ford and Rockefeller Fortunes

HIRTY-ONE years ago Henry Ford was practically penniless, but if he had been born at the time Adam was created, and had received a salary of $500 a day, and saved every cent of it, he would not yet have the fortune which he now possesses. The same statement can be made regarding J. D. Rockefeller.

' 711

The Rupamotor a Success

THE Rupamotor, a Diesel engine which burns powdered coal instead of oil, is declared to be a pronounced success, the cost of operation being less than one-third of that of a Diesel engine using oil. The first engine has been given a six months’ trial in a Czechoslovak shop. In 1932 two large factories will begin the manufacture of Rupamotors on a large scale.

'Wheat at 27c a Bushel

CW. FIELD, an Alberta (Canada) farmer, • with 800 acres in wheat, sold three carloads of his 1930 wheat at 27c a bushel. Of this amount, 16c was paid for threshing, leaving him lie a bushel for plowing, disking, harrowing, drilling, harvesting, twine, and the stackers. His activities for the year left him several hundred dollars in debt at his bank.

Goat Meat from Georgia

NEW YORK annually purchases some ten to twelve thousand carcasses of kids, mostly raised in Georgia. It is claimed that about five thousand more carcasses also find their way into the markets outside of regular channels. Though averaging only six to twelve pounds in weight, the kids bring $5 to $8 each, the meat being much in demand.

Priests Get Walking Papers

HDI-IE Minister of the Interior of Ecuador has ™ instructed the governors of all provinces to deport Catholic priests who use their pulpits for propaganda against the public schools. The church seems to be getting i t in the neck in every corner of the world, fulfilling the Scriptural statement that ‘the horns and the beast shall hate the whore".

Customers Harder to Satisfy

CUSTOMERS used to take almost any old ''-d thing that was handed to them, Now they are getting harder to satisfy. Experience of New York department stores shows that for the years 1924 to 1930 inclusive every year showed an increase in the amount of merchandise returned. It is claimed that every return of merchandise occupies the attention of twenty to twenty-five individuals, and that the cost chargeable annually to this item in the New York metropolitan area amounts to about $105,000,000.

No Icebergs in 1931

npHE year 1931 will go down in history as the -a- year of no icebergs in the North Atlantic ocean. There 'were heavy icebergs only a year ago. As a general rule the Arctic regions are much warmer since 1918 than before. It may be this has something to do with the disappearance of bergs in 1931.

What Aspirin. Does

K SPIRIN does more than kill pain. It kills the nerves themselves. It causes the face to swell, the throat to choke, eruptions of the skin, a sensation of sand in the eyes, and difficult breathing. In many cases it has been known to cause bleeding of the stomach or gastric hemorrhage.

The Five Hundred and the Five Million THE Los Angeles Times pungently observes J- that in America we have five hundred men each with income over a million dollars a year, and then we have five million men who do not have any income at all. Seems as if there is something wrong here, doesn’t it? The only way out is God’s way.

Why the Huge Deficit?

k MERICA’S huge deficit of about $1.000,000,

000 has to be met. It is the biggest deficit facing any government in the world. If $3,000,000,000 in tax refunds had not been handed back to corporations that already own about everything in the country worth owning, the country would be in better shape.

Better Feeling About Hughes

THERE is getting to be a better feeling about

Chief Justice Hughes. His argument and decision in favor of freedom of the press, in the Minnesota case, was a ringer, and now, though his side lost, he ranged up fighting powerfully on the minority side in the recent decisions respecting the granting of citizenship to conscientious objectors, Chief Justice Hughes believes that a conscience is something that cannot be ordered around this way and that by Congress or any other body. He recently headed the judicial opinion that the California red flag law is repugnant to the guaranty of liberty of speech contained in the Constitution. He has the courage and love of justice that go to make a great chief justice.

Juries Abolished in Italy

JURIES have been abolished in Italy. Perhaps this is just as well, for justice was abolished there long ago. What is the use of a . jury if it is merely to be a rubber stamp to do as the iron hand of some dictator wishes'? Italy’s professional jurymen, or assessors, will do as they are told. There will be five of these on the bench, along with two official judges.

Theory of Rocket Flights

THE theory of rocket flights is that in the stratosphere friction would be so greatly reduced that travel by recoil power would enable speeds of three thousand miles to be attained. A German inventor expects to go aloft in a rocket some time within a year. His rocket will go up like a bullet, and then spread wings to descend like a sailplane.

Yale Drops Latin and Greek

YALE UNIVERSITY has dropped Latin and

Greek from its entrance requirements, and its example will probably be generally followed by all the great universities, and should be. There is no reason why the youth of today should spend their time in studying languages that have been dead for hundreds of years. There is much other and vastly more important work to do.

World’s Largest Bank Vault'

PAR and away the largest bank vault ever constructed is that built for the Bank of Japan at Tokio. This vault, constructed by the York Safe and Lock Company, of York, Pa., is earthquake-proof, fireproof and burglar-proof, and required two freight trains totaling eighty-nine cars to haul it to the steamer’s side at Baltimore.

Good Conditions in Iceland

WITH neither army nor navy to keep, Iceland is having a relatively easy time during this period of world-wide depression. It is receiving lower prices for its fish, which is the principal product, but it has no unemployment, and, having no taxes worthy of the name, is carrying on public improvements worthy of note. This last year it has built a large radio station and provided for the heating of numerous public buildings, including schools, by hot water pumped from volcanic springs,

The Tower of Babel

p ROFESSOR UNGER, of University of Ber-lin, reports having found cuneiform tablets which confirm the Biblical account of the Tower of Babel. He states that these tablets show the tower Avas a cubical structure, about 300 feet each way; a zigzag stairway led to the top, where there was a temple and an observatory; the tower was destroyed bv Xerxes about 478 B.C.

Chain Store Potato Farms

TpROM Virginia to Florida the A. & P, sup-plies seed potatoes and fertilizers to potato growers unable to buy their own. The contract is that the A. & P. shall have six barrels of No. 1 potatoes for every bag of seed potatoes furnished. The A. & P. sells potatoes at practically cost of production. Pretty soon it will own the potato farms outright and they will be chain potato farms.

P. R. R. Less-than-Carload Containers

npHE Pennsylvania, which already has 1,00(1 steel containers in use for quick dispatch of less-than-carload freight, has now placed orders fox- 3,250 more, Avhich it is calculated will care for the needs of the whole system. These containers each have a capacity of 10,000 pounds and may be quickly and easily shifted from a freight car to a truck, or vice versa. The P.R.R. has also just placed an order for 150 electric and passenger locomotives for use on the electrified lines between New York and Washington, This electrification, it is expected, will be completed within the next two years,

Everybody Has Tuberculosis

TF YOU have tuberculosis don’t worry about

it. Everybody else has it or has had it. Autopsies show indisputable evidence that 99 percent of all the people who die above thirty years of age either have it or have had it. Under’ these circumstances the tuberculin testing of cattle is the worst kind of folly. Tuberculosis is brought on by wrong eating habits, and cured by right eating habits, Fill your system with enough dirt, and you may contract a case of tuberculosis from which you cannot recover; but don’t blame the tuberculosis for it: blame yourself; you are the one at fault. Eat fruit, and keep well. Eat white bread, boiled potatoes and pork, and die.

Up in the Stratosphere

UP IN the stratosphere in which Professor

Piccard and his assistant Charles Kipfer went in their aluminum ball, at ten miles above the earth they encountered a temperature of 148 degrees below zero. They saw the sun and stars shining in a jet-black sky, for there is no dust up there. Their chief danger was that difference in atmospheric pressure would cause their ball to explode outwardly. The trip was a complete success.

'At Last the Parking Machine

AT LAST a parking machine has been invented. A twenty-four-car machine, occupying a space 16 by 24 feet, is 100 feet high. Cars may be parked or released in one minute. The machine is controlled by keys, push-buttons and coin slots, and works perfectly. The cars to be parked are carried to and from their berths by endless chains which carry cradles on which the cars rest. The device is in operation at the Westinghouse plant, East Pittsburgh.

Twelve Years After the War

TWELVE years after the war to end war, the J- yearly world expenditure for arms is, according to President Hoover, 70 percent over that previous to the Great War. Today the world has 5,500,000 men actively under arms, and 20,000,000 more in reserve. France has 600,000 men under arms, Russia 550,000, Italy and the British Empire each 350,000, Poland 250,000, Japan, Rumania and Switzerland each about 200,000, and the United States, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Spain each about 100,000.

Russian Wheat Gluts the Market

TN 1921 the Russian wheat crop was 205,000,000 bushels; last year it was 1,032,000,000 bushels; this year it is expected to be 1,276,000,000 bushels. The Russians can grow this wheat for around 35c to 50c a bushel. They cannot eat it. They arc bound to sell it, and they will sell it for what they can get for it. There is no reasonable chance of a high price for wheat for many, many years to come, The London wheat conference was a complete failure. The United States will probably dump its 200,000,000 bushels and wheat will go lower still.

Some Big Chains Slipping

ON APRIL 22 the New South Wales bank went under with $425,000,000 in deposits and 192 branches. New York just had one go under that had $200,000,000 in deposits and 69 branches. Chicago has just had a big one. Louisville and Arkansas have had theirs. Manifestly it won’t be long now until the mighty man shall cry there bitterly, just as the Scriptures forewarn. Armageddon cannot be far away.

Spain’s Progress in Liberty

IT SEEMS that under the Spanish dictatorship one of the sources of revenue was fines exacted from those who criticized the dictatorship. Now the republic is following the same policy. A priest in the town of Zamora has been . fined 250 pesetas for a campaign of calumny against the new form of government. Spain is painfully taking its first steps to end illiteracy. A fund of 2,300,000 pesetas has been set aside for the construction of secondary schools in certain towns. Religious liberty was proclaimed in Spain on May 22.

Chinese Bandits Not So Bad

ANY kind of bandit is bad enough, but the

Chinese bandits are certainly not as bad as some. In three instances they returned money when they found it was a part of relief for famine sufferers, in one of these instances with profuse apologies. Recently $250,000 in gold was taken through hundreds of miles of bandit-infested country without their touching a penny of it because it was known it was for the relief of famine sufferers. Better send some of those bandits over here as missionaries to the Power Trust.

Some of Martin Insult’s Babies

TlTrYRTIN INSULL is principal owner and spokesman for the Middle West Utilities Company and is one of the few men with courage to defend the Power Trust. His company has twelve principal subsidiary companies; these in turn have thirteen sub-subsidiary companies; the thirteen have sixteen sub-sub-subsidiaries; and the sixteen have sixteen sub-subsub-subsidiaries. This all shows how open and honest and aboveboard our great financiers are, and how keenly they want the public to know just what they are doing and why and how.

Back to the American Plan

EW YORK restaurants are now advertising, “What you want, all you want, including anything in the house, for sixty cents.” In

credible as it may seem, there was a time, back in 1887, when such signs were in existence in Syracuse, N.Y., and the price for the meal was not sixty cents, but fifteen. As late as 1899 there were places in New York city where a good meal could be had for 25c. ■

How the Soldiers Spent Their Money

HE World War veterans, to the number of about 2,000,000, borrowed on their soldiers’ certificates about $1,000,000,000. A study of the way in which they expended the money shows that about 60 percent of it went to pay off grocers’ bills, which shows, in effect, that the soldiers had to have this money in order to live. Only about 15 percent went to buy secondhand automobiles, purchased mainly, no doubt, not for pleasure, but to assist in making a living.

Now the Salesmen Must Go

TT ALWAYS looked as if the salesman would be the last to go, did it not? But Big Business has discovered that canned sales talks are as effective, or even more so, than talks that have to be carted around the country in Pullmans and fed in expensive hotels. Talking pictures now lecture to hundreds of prospective stock purchasers every day in New York and Chicago, and one line of food products has an eight-reel film which is entertaining and instructive and will incidentally show a merchant just how to show and sell his goods.

Beaverbrook’s Fight Against the League

IN HIS fight against the League of Nations

Lord Beaverbrook, owner of the London Daily Express, makes the points that France is determined to keep Germany in subjection; that Germany is determined to break the stranglehold of France; that Italy will support Germany because of her hatred of France; that the Little Entente is tied to France by chains of gold; and that Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Austria and Yugoslavia are joined together in a network of political intrigue which culminates in one center, Geneva. He says, truly, that France today has the most powerful military machine the world has ever seen.

Scotland Yard Disturbed ' '

GOTLAND YARD, London defective headquarters, is said to be disturbed by the knowledge that seventy London criminals are going about armed. For shooting at- a policeman one of these was given ten years. What would not New York or Chicago give if they had but seventy gunmen and if the gunmen would merely be content with shooting at policemen. Racketeering is evidently spreading to the Old World.

An Electrical Map

T THE Anacostia (D.C.) air station there is an electrical map which, by means of tiny lights, changed every two hours or less, indicate the weather in all parts of the Union east of the Mississippi. White indicates good flying weather; green, undesirable conditions; while red shows storms, gales and heavy fogs. Bells tinkle to call attention to shifting colors. Panels along the side of the map show the force of winds throughout the country.

"Would Profit Eternally at Others’ Expense

O GET electric current Wisconsin farmers paid $12,000 to have a line of the Luck

Light & Power Company extended into their territory. After a little the Luck Company sold out to the Power Trust, and, will you believe it, the Trust actually tried to issue securities on the $12,000 that those farmers had paid, and, if they had been able to get away with the theft, the people would have had to pay profits on it forever.

The ‘’Freeman” Charges Against Hoover

THE American Freeman makes seven charges against Hoover: first, that he played a leading role in swindling Chinese owners out of valuable mining properties; second, that he made a fortune as a promoter of stock in mining companies which lasted only a few years and were abandoned; third, that for twenty years he regarded himself as a British subject and so testified in court; fourth, that his operation of the so-called “Belgian Relief Commission” was merely that of a huge chain store: fifth, that as American food controller he favored English sugar refiners and consumers; sixth, that he gave American farmers an unfair deal in the price which he fixed for their wheat; seventh, that he kept silent all through the Hayding-Fall-Daugherty oil graft.

The One-Day Factory Utopia By W. Davis Haenger (Pennsylvania)

THE impressive dignity of the president was sufficient in itself to hold him aloof from all, but this particular morning he smiled as soon as he stepped within the door. It was a smile which was real and carried with it an appreciation of a joy and happiness of living. First he passed Jimmie, the office boy, and his cheery “Good morning, Jimmie, my boy” caused Jim to drop his jaw and the ever-present dust brush. But Jim’s quick response of “Good morning, Boss” brought a quickening step to the president. As each one was passed the same salutation was given and all were amazed at the procedure. Never before was such a thing known in the history of the company. A permanent smile graced each face. Fingers flew faster over the keys, pencils moved quicker, clerks -walked faster. All were electrified as they caught the spirit of it. What could it mean? What had happened or was to happen? The treasurer, another austere man, bid each one a cheery “Good morning” also. The secretary, a jovial young man, made his salutation exceptionally hearty.

Of course this was the first time any such thing ever happened, but it happened this morning.

The president’s buzzer did not work itself into exhaustion before half the day was gone, as heretofore; but the absence of its constant monotonous music was noted by everyone. Instead, the president came out of his office and in a calm tone of voice asked each one to do his bidding. The usual thundering tone with hard poundings on his desk, his bellowing telephone conversations, his curt demands for so-and-so to appear “on the mat” did not happen as usual. A peace and serenity gradually spread over all as the night softly falls at dusk.

The office manager chatted cheerily with all under him, giving favorable comment on individual work, offering constructive criticism here and noteworthy commendation there, and actually recommending salary increases without the usual prod of the individual.

The sales manager talked with confidence and sociability to his salesmen. Instead of the usual demand to attain their quota and bring in more orders, this accompanied with a veiled threat of the “ax”, each was assured his individual efforts were fully appreciated by the management, who offered every assistance to them. As the sales manager was talking to Bill Jones, junior salesman, who had not reached his quota for the first quarter, the president strolled in, seated himself in the group, and cheerfully chatted to Bill Jones, giving him real advice and encouragement to spur him on, assuring Jones of the full cooperation of all to aid and assist him to reach his goal. The little conference ended with the president’s hand on Jones’ shoulder and a handclasp which meant more than the usual formality.

Of course this was the first time any such thing ever happened, but it happened this morning. .

The buyer’s courtesy to all callers was without a flaw. Each was attended to with neatness and dispatch, and the usual “blue smoke” of “price too high”, “wouldn’t think of placing the order at that figure,” “why don’t you send the stuff along,” never arose over the partition; neither was it hotly breathed into the mute telephone.

Towards noon, a notice signed by the president called all executives into conference. As each approached the sanctum the usual dread of humiliating lecture or discharge gripped them all. Amazement and surprise greeted their eyes. The conference table was spread with a white cloth, and heaped upon it, covering every available spot, was food for a king; a feast of fat things; a most gorgeous spread. Plans of production, present and future, sales, advertising, buying, etc., were discussed, and the wonder of it all was that each was asked his personal opinion of the particular branch of work he had under- his control. Cigars and wines were passed around. Laughter and jokes gained the supremacy.

Of course this was the first time any such thing ever happened, but it happened this morning.

In the early afternoon the credit man w'as in conference with the bookkeeper; treasurer with the credit man; sales manager had purchasingproblems for the buyer; buyer stumped on specifications took them to the shop superintendent ; and finally the president did the most unheard-of thing in the annals of the company’s history: he actually dropped into each executive’s office and discussed with them their work, suggesting and asking, mark you, asking their opinion on certain policies. .

The telephone operator secured numbers with

a speed that caused the recipient of the requested number to gasp, Incoming calls were dispatched to their proper party. “Thank you,” “Just a minute please,” “'Kindly hold the wire,” “'Mr. Jones, your number is busy, I’ll get it for you promptly,” were the soothing messages which came to the callers. The usual arguments between the company’s operator and that of the telephone company were dispensed with.

By afternoon the spirit was caught out in the factory, because the shop superintendent went to the under foreman and advised him of the valuable work his department was doing in the way of production. A request for hints and schemes for the betterment of the employees was requested.

The under foreman became cheerful and happy; he patiently gave each workman under him the best individual attention. Each under foreman advised and corrected in a pleasing tone of voice. Not a curse or oath escaped from the lips.

The stockroom man was speed personified as he filled each requested requisition with care and exactness never heard of before.

The wheels -went faster; the speed of the machines increased; feet, fingers, arms, hands, all moved in increasing unison, spurred on by that something which came in with the president. Production came through’ one-hundred-percent perfect and with the same increase. This pleased the worker, who pleased the under foreman, who pleased the shop superintendent.

In the office everything worked like clockwork, Letters, dictated in time to be typed, signed, stamped and mailed in order to get to the postoffice before the regular rush, came through’ neat and clean. The usual desk, cooler and restroom conferences wTere called off. There were none this day. How strange’

Of course this was the first time any such thing ever happened, but it happened this morning.

Many did not take the usual ’lunch hour’ of an hour and a half, but, hastily eating, resumed their work with renewed effort and zeal, helped by the tingling atmosphere which hovered over all.

At last the work day ended. The president was on the way out. With hat in hand he walked through the office turning here and there saying, “Good night, Miss Davis,” “Good night, Miss Brown.” Finally he came to Jimmie, and with a cheery “Good night, Jimmie” he grasped the knob of the door to swing it open—just as—■ what’s that—a ringing, ringing—faint at first-no—yes—it’s—it’s my alarm clock. What? Has it all been a dream? Oh shucks! Oh well, what else could it be?

Usury By Fra/nli L. Brown (London)

THE article on “usury”, in The Golden Age dated April 30, 1930, sweeps away at one stroke any and all false notions that interest and usury are not the same.

That the practice of usury existed thousands of years B. C. is inferred from the fact that the Israelites were given laws concerning it. In the process of sweeping away the “refuge of lies” the origin will in all probability be traced to the murderer of Abel,

The practice of usury during the early and middle ages of papacy’s domination was one long conflict between that system and usurers.

The tenets prohibiting usury were formulated at the “Council of Nice”, and primarily applied to those who “wore garments to deceive”; but later they were extended to the laity.

That these tenets were based on Christian principles is admissible, but the selfishness of man had full reign under the Roman hierarchy, and the text “Lend, hoping for nothing again" was a plausible argument to whitewash papacy’s own desires.

During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries Catholic usurers were excommunicated and Christian burial was refused them. Ecclesiastical courts which administered justice, and tested the validity of wills, nullified the wills of all usurers.

It is obvious that in the persecution of the usurers no bequest came from them to the papal system; hence the necessity of making their wills invalid, and the direct or indirect appropriation of their wealth by the ecclesiastics,

Interests on money ran high, and for Catholics to borrow involved large payments of interest, and would bring the borrower under the power of the usurer. There would be nothing for papacy; nothing with which its dupes could buy relics, pardons, indulgences, etc.

Usury is defined as “taking advantage of another's necessities”, and by the practice of usury people were easily brought into bondage. This was unconsciously aimed against the religious powers which preferred to hold men in bondage by fear through devilish doctrines of “hell-fire and purgatory” and then extract money from them on pretense of easing matters in the next world.

The Jews played an important part in the history of the Middle Ages, and they became the greatest class of usurers. They were debarred from politics and the ownership of land, while social rights were largely denied them. The Mosaic Law did not prohibit the Jew from exacting usury from a stranger, and in the Middle Ages this was extensively exploited by them.

The banishment of the Jews from England under Edward I lifted a great load from the shoulders of the ecclesiastics and nobles, who evidently had borrowed heavily, and, to evade payment, became the prime movers in the expulsion of the Jews from England. (Current history books refrain from disclosing why the Jews were expelled.)

The reformers, for varying reasons, favored usury, with certain reservations, but Henry VIII, as in most things, went the whole hog, accepted it in totality, and fixed the interest at 10 percent.

Usury today is practically universal. Under the hire purchase agreements of modern business societies, banks and other financial institutions anticipate a rich harvest, while the groaning creation mortgages its weekly earnings years ahead in an effort to enjoy a few fleeting comforts under a heartless and cruel system.

The “'besom of destruction” is in the hands of Jehovah, and the day of deliverance is at hand.

The Soviet Agricultural Policy

HL. RUSSEY, former dean of the College

• of Agriculture, University of Wisconsin, in an address at Washington said: “Russia is eagerly utilizing the very latest of scientific knowledge to enlarge her agricultural possibilities. With feverish anxiety she is literally pouring millions into expansion of her university research institutes, experiment stations and breeding farms. Her scientists are combing the earth for new crops and new methods.”

EUis Island in the Limelight

IT RATHER makes an American wince to read the following personal letter which one English 'woman wrote to another about her efforts to help a fellow passenger out of that haven of more or less hospitality, more or less cleanliness, and more or less gentility, known as Ellis Island. Why should we Americans advertise ourselves all over the world as boors? Is it not possible for our immigration officials to be selected with the same care as the immigration officials of other lands? And is it so that cleanliness cannot be obtained, when we have so much money we do not know what to do with it ? The letter reads:

Dear Nancy,

We have had very thrilling times over that girl, Mrs. B, whom you told me to look up. She put in a good deal of time with me after she recovered from seasickness. When we got to New York the immigration people came on board and examined all papers and subjected everybody to severe examination. I was leniently dealt with. I think my collar and tie and generally aggressive air warned them not to twist the lion’s tail or even to touch it! Thereafter I waited to see your friend safely into the care of those meeting- her, for she had only recently lost her husband and had never traveled alone before. Breakfast on the boat was at 7, but four hours thereafter she had not received her landing card. I began to fidget various officials, but they told me all would be well in good time. I had tried to find her friends. Stupidly enough, she left England without their address or telephone number; and though I rang up all the D’s in New York, I could not find him. About 11:30 a. m., when almost all had gone, she was told she had to go to EUis Island! There were two third class passengers and herself who were unsatisfactory.

• Having read an article about Ellis Island which stuck in my memory, you can understand that I made the dust fly. I protested strongly, told them all what I thought of them and their laws, and offered to make any payment necessary to prevent her putting her nose inside Ellis Island. It was of no avail. When the immigration officer on board does not pass you, you have to be taken before a chief inspector on Ellis Island and, if your papers arc not in order, you have •either to purchase a fidelity bond, which permits your residence for six months, or be deported.

Here was a pretty kettle of fish! The matter had to be tackled, too, because Mr. D, whom she expected to meet her, had been called to Boston, and a clerk from his office had taken his place. The fellow had as much head as a hen, and less imagination.

It was impossible to let the child be taken there without doing something for her. I therefore told her to go quietly with the people and that I’d follow her after dumping my luggage in a hotel. Accordingly I pushed with it through the Customs, booked a room, and went to the Cunard offices to get a permit to board the ferry for Ellis Island. The one permit was given to the clerk from Mr. D’s office, but I got round the man at the gate to let me in. It was a wonderful conveyance, like a verjr big cattle truck, and full of all kinds of dirty specimens of humanity and cutthroats, but it was a beautiful vessel in comparison with what Mrs.B was taken in. She was in a cobble boat under an armed guard! As I told the officials on Ellis Island later, she might have been the biggest criminal on God’s earth, judging from the precautions taken. I told them that, and a few more things besides, and, if I had not won through, I’d probably have started with my fists to break up Ellis Island and its officials. You know Tibbs when she gets going!

Well, we got across safely in our cattle boat and were passed on to numerous officials,.finally landing in a waiting room amongst a collection of European cutthroats. A Russian, with rank stubble all over his face, a nose like a ploughshare, and one eye closed by a blow, was a memorable sight. It .will live with me.

We had to wait till the name B was called; and we did wait.—nearly two hours. There was nothing to be done. From the window of the room we could .just see the Statue of Liberty, and so I asked an official all about it. I then told him I was more, interested in Liberty than in the statue, and that if he could tell me where she hung out in this great land I’d like to pay my respects to her! My sarcasm was wasted;

Finally the name B was called, and the clerk and I were taken into the room of the inspectors. She was seated on a bench at the back, and a look of relief passed over her face when she saw us. We had to raise our right hands to heaven and swear to speak the truth and, said 11 mentally, all the lies needful, to get her out of this stinking hole as quickly as possible. We were told she must take out a fidelity bond, which they said would take a few days, during which she would be detained there. I asked if there were any means by which she could be liberated and return on shore with me; and he said if I could buy a bond from the bank downstairs, costing a little over £100, that would meet the case.

Well, I left her there and got going with the various departments. I enlisted the help of an official who was extraordinarily good. We were working against time, for they won’t attend to anything a minute after 4:15, and of course we had been made to wait so long there was really not time to do it. However, by “stepping on the gas”, as they say here, it was accomplished and we got her free and caught the last ferry boat back to land.

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