Golden Age, October 29, 1930

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Golden Age

A JOURNAL OF FACT HOPE AND. COURAGE

in this issue

ESTONIA

CHILD ADULTISM NURSING '

A PRISON WITHOUT BARS WHAT “SCARE” CAMPAIGNS DO GRAPHOLOGY HEAVEN

Full text of an address by Judge Rutherford, broadcast in watchtower. national chain program.

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WEDNESDAY

five cents a copy one dollar a year Canada & Foreign 1.25

Vol. XII - No. 290

October 29, 19 3 0

C ON T E NTS

LABOR AND ECONOMICS

SCIENCE AND INVENTION

The Cost of Living ..... 71

France’s Gigantic Social Insurance

Law

A Friendly Suggestion to Mars . 79

SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL

Autumn Leaves

What Becomes of the Gold . . 72

Delaware’s Modern Prison . . 76

British Officers Bungled ... 76

Child Adultism

An Essay on Eugenics .... 80

A Naughty Advertisement ... 81

Sudden Light Dawns on an Editor 87 “Education Gone Awry” ... 88

MANUFACTURING AND MINING

American Manufacturers Abroad 72

FINANCE—COMMERCE—TRANSPORTATION

Fresh Fruit by Plane .... 71

Los Angeles Gas and Electric Corporation .......75

No Taxes in Colby.....76

A New Heat-resisting Compound 71

Garments from the Air ... 72

Mastodons Caught in the Mud . 73 Development of Auto-Giro Con

tinues .........73

The Akron, alias the ZRS-4 . . 73

Graphology........85

HOME AND HEALTH

Meningitis and Chiropractic .

Nursing......... ‘ ‘ The Whiter the Bread ” . . What “Scare” Campaigns Do More About Brushing . . .

TRAVEL AND MISCELLANY

Estonia..........67

Events in Canada......70

Japan Fears Hunger Riots . . 71

Compulsory Education in Russia 71

American Engineers in Russia . 75

RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY

POLITICAL—DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN

59 Men Rule America .... 74

Renunciation of War . . . . 74

Sufferings of Jews of Today . . 76

A Prison Without Bars . . . 84 |

Honesty in Cincinnati . . Preacher Becomes a Janitor Heaven........

“Empty Churches” . . . Religion for a Day . . .

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The Golden A^q

Volume XII Brooklyn, N. Y., Wednesday, October 29, 1930 Number 290

Estonia w ven vest

THERE was a time when if people heard the name Estonia they exercised their minds to determine where on earth it was. This is not so common today, when thousands of tourists are visiting it each year; nevertheless there are many who do not know exactly where Estonia is, although they have perhaps an idea. This year about fifteen hundred Americans and British touring the Baltic visited Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. They were mainly from liners visiting the Northern European capitals.

The Estonian republic is situated on the east coast of the Baltic Sea. To the north is the Gulf of Finland; on the west, the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Riga; on the south the Latvian republic, (mention of which has already been made in The Golden Age); and eastward is the great Lake Peipus and the Soviet republic. Comparisons are sometimes useful to convey ideas; and for those who have been fortunate enough to visit the delightful little country of Denmark it 'will be comparatively easy to think of the size of Estonia, for Estonia is just a little larger. But while it has a greater land surface, its population is by no means as great; for Denmark lias a population of about three millions, whereas Estonia has a population of just over a million, and composed of peoples of four nationalities.

By far the largest part of the population is Estonian, the balance being Russians 8.2 percent, Germans 1.7 percent, and Swedes .7 percent. It is interesting to note how the various minorities keep to their own particular circles. This is especially noticeable with the Swedes, most of whom are engaged in the fishing industry. They occupy some of the islands to the west, and although forced to trade with the Estonian population of the mainland they very rarely marry any except those of their own nationality.

The minorities enjoy a great deal of freedom, and, in this, little Estonia is a living example of tolerance. In contrast with the master Italian terrorist who has endeavored to stamp out the languages of the Italian minorities, I should like to quote from the Estonian Constitution. It provides that :

All Estonian citizens are equal in the eyes of the law. There cannot be any public privileges or prejudices derived from birth, religion, sex, rank or nationality.

In Estonia, there are no legal class divisions or titles. Science, art, and the teaching of same, are free in Estonia. Education is compulsory for children who have reached the school age, and is free in the elementary schools. The minority nationalities are guaranteed education in their mother tongue. Education is carried on under the control of the government. The members of the minority nationalities within the confines of Estonia may form their own autonomous institutions for the promotion of the interests of their national culture and welfare so far as these do not run contrary to the interests of the state.

And everywhere there are evidences of the government’s abiding by this declaration.

Even the Jews have their own schools where Yiddish and Hebrew are spoken. The Estonians rightly esteem education a very important factor in the life of the nation. About 20 percent of the children completing the elementary school course of six years go to secondary schools. About 2 percent of the population have had a university education.

According to the official figures for 1881 the number of persons 'who could read and write was about 40 percent of the population. It is interesting to compare with the latest figures available, which show that of the whole population the percent of illiterates is 1.9. This would be considerably lower if it were not for the Russian country dwellers who up to the present have not shown the same desire to learn as have the Estonians.

History

Soon after the beginning of the Christian era Estonia was occupied by the forefathers of the present-day Estonians. They were a sturdy people akin to the Finns and the Hungarians. The relationship of the Finns and Estonians can be clearly noted by the similarity of language, although this is not so pronounced with the Hungarian language.

Although living in villages, the Estonians, in order to protect themselves against invasion, erected a number of strongholds. Of these Lin-danissa occupied an important strategic and commercial position, guarding the sea route along the Finnish gulf. When an attempt was made by the German order of knights to conquer Estonia, Lindanissa remained impregnable.

It was not taken until 1219, when Valdemar the Victorious attacked with a large army. Valdemar proceeded the same year to erect the Castle of Reval. The present name of the capital is Tallinn, or Taani linn, which in English signifies “Danish city”. The name Reval was taken from a local tribe.

In 1285 Tallinn was able to join the Hanseatic League, and the steady increase in prosperity stimulated building activities. As one might expect, many churches were built. The present town hall was erected in the first half of the 14th century, and is the oldest in the Baltic States. The building of the Great Guild, used as an exchange even now, and occasionally for meetings of the Bible Students, was erected in 1405.

The Germans controlled until the Russian invasion of 1561, the German order having purchased the possessions of the Danes in 1346. The outcome of the Russian invasion was the dividing of the country between the Poles and the Swedes. The Poles continued to occupy the southern part of Estonia until the whole country was united under Gustavus Adolphus. As a result of the Great Northern War of 1710 Estonia became an autonomous Russian province.

Although this review of Estonian history is very brief, we can easily realize the relief which, was felt by the Estonian people when the events which followed 1917 finally severed the bonds which connected Estonia with the Russian Empire and the independence of Estonia was proclaimed.

Religious Life

The first propagators of “Christianity” (so called) came to Estonia in the beginning of the 12th century. As they accomplished very little by peaceful methods they began to use force in their missionary endeavors. After twenty years of war the inhabitants were forced to embrace the Roman Catholic faith. The Catholic clergy were unable to influence the people to any great extent. The people soon became familiar with the ceremonial side of the Catholic worship and adopted it, seeing what many bright people fail to see today, that it was just another branch of their pagan customs.

The Bible was translated in 1739. It is rather interesting to note in passing that in May, 1920, the Constituent Assembly passed an elementary school law, the second article of which stipulated that education in elementary schools must not include the teaching of Scripture. This law did not meet with general approval, and a bill reintroducing the teaching of Scripture was submitted to the first state assembly. The latter refused to pass it, and so this bill, in accordance with, the Constitution, was made a subject for popular referendum. The great majority of the people decided in favor of this bill.

It is not without reason, however, that the government regarded with suspicion the teaching of the Scriptures; for, as in all other countries, the clergy have dishonored the God they claim to represent. The churches drew their support from church estates and were under the control of patrons, that is, estate owners of the parish. The patronage system wms enforced until the end of the Russian rule and, as one can imagine, caused estrangement between the church and the parishioners, who regarded the church as the tool of the landowner.

During the Russian rule the Greek Orthodox church strove to convert the Estonian people by both persuasion and force. Although making some progress, it was unable to realize its aim. Thirty years ago a dissenting movement began with the support of the British and American Methodists, Baptists and various other organizations. And now the Bible Students are here. But what a difference! They are not out to fleece the people, but to tell them about God's kingdom and give the Estonian people hope in their time of need.

Travel

A writer recently commenting upon the Arabs and Jews in Palestine said it was as if a camel and a motor car were passing down the road together. This illustration applies with equal force to the conditions of travel in Estonia. While there are some of the latest means of travel, there are also some extremely slow ways. There is a good aerial connection between Tallinn, Leningrad, Helsinki, Riga and Berlin; and, on the other hand, the railways, and especially the narrow gauge ones, are terribly slow.

In fairness, however, it must be said that they are not so slow as they used to be. Many of the trains do the long runs overnight and sleeping accommodation can be obtained by third-class as well as second-class passengers. The International connection with Riga is quite good so far as sleeping facilities are concerned. This is arranged by the International Sleeping Car Company.

The sleeping accommodation provided by the State Railway is, to say the least of it, unique. The third-class compartments are not upholstered, and the higher part of the back of the seat comes down on hinges. When these are all down it has the effect of transforming the compartment into a large room full of shelves. Every third-class passenger is entitled to use this accommodation provided he either removes his boots or provides some means of protection so that the shelves do not get dirty. The railway officials are very strict in the enforcement of this regulation.

There is also a special third-class sleeping compartment which one can use upon the payment of a supplement of 50 American cents. The compartment is just the same as the other except that you are furnished with a mattress, pillow, sheets and a blanket. Although these beds are not exactly resilient, under the mattress being bare boards, yet they are very acceptable for long night journeys.

There is only one drawback, and here is opportunity for someone with inventive ability to give expression to his genius; the mattresses need to be anchored, but are not. In the night, after a series of stops at various stations, the mattress has a nasty habit of sliding off, and it is not an infrequent occurrence to wake up and find that practically from the trunk down one is out of bed. But, as I said, it is preferable to sitting up or lying on the bare boards.

One of the sights of a lifetime is to be in a waiting room or a station buffet in the winter and watch the crowds assemble for the night train. The queerest things imaginable are worn in order to keep out the cold, and there seems to be no end to the variety; and hats—well, anything into which one can reasonably stick the head seems to pass, provided it will keep the head warm. The Golden Age has frequently referred to the fact that men are slaves to custom in the matter of dress; here is freedom in abundance, and not without A deal of humor.

In the larger towns the taxi service is really good. The taxis are not like the London ones which a Frenchman once described as ‘houses upon wheels', but are all modern cars, mostly American. Motoi’ buses connect the important agricultural centres with the towns, as well as provide service in the towns themselves. This is very convenient for market purposes.

Markets are well attended in the towns, and in Tallinn it is quite a feature. The Tallinn market is extremely well regulated and is divided into sections for different articles, meat, fish, vegetables, cheese and butter, flowers, and so on. Although no one is in a very great way of business in the market, even then there are differences in the stocks.

When one sees an old woman with a basket of apples (looking none too wonderful) sitting for hours trying to earn a few cents, it makes one long for the Kingdom. Judging by the cheery disposition maintained by many under these trying circumstances one can imagine how grandly they will respond to the invitation of the Kingdom when once it is in full sway.

. At the back of the market there is a large building, the Estonian Theater. In this building, as well as the theater and concert hall is the studio of the broadcasting company. The programs from the radio studio are good, and include a lecture by the Bible Students every Sunday.

Owen Rutter, F. R. G. S., in the “New Baltic States” says: “Although the countryside of the three Baltic States has a certain sameness that at times amounts almost to monotony, it would be hard to find three European towns more different than Kaunas, Riga and Tallinn (Reval). Kaunas is partly Russian; Riga is mainly German. There are scores of towns like Kaunas all over Russia, while Riga, apart from the old quarter, is a European city. But Tallinn is a puzzle. It resembles Pekin in that it is unlike any other in the world. It is curious, original I” And all who have visited these towns will endorse these remarks. Tallinn is a town of red-tiled old building’s, of quaint doorways and arches, and cobbled streets, and a great thing to its credit is that it is clean.

It may be that in the future an American reader of The Golden Age will visit Estonia and finish the picture of which I have endeavored to give—just a sketch.

Events in Canada By Our Canadian Correspondent

SPEAKING- of the cause of present unemployment in this country The Saskatoon Star Phoenix gives as one of the reasons the wheat situation:

From Winnipeg statistical bureau comes a statement showing that 227,762,000 bushels of wheat were delivered by farmers in the prairie provinces between August 1, 1929, and May 31, 1930. The money value of this wheat to the farmers is given as $271,091,667.75.

For the corresponding part of the 1927-28 season deliveries were 386,434,207 bushels and the value was $418,500,679.99. For the same period in the 1928-29 season the deliveries were 462,221,478 bushels and the value was $381,338,973.64.

These figures for three ten-month periods are instructive. Between August, 1929, and May, 1930, the farmers received $110,000,000 less for wheat than in the same months of the 1928-29 season, and $147,000,000 less than in the same months of the 1927-28 season. Anyone who wants to know the cause of unemployment in western Canada will find it here. The sale of wheat is the west’s chief source of income. If anything happens to it, everyone feels the effects. Credit is curtailed, there is less money in circulation, and jobs are lost.

The Tax Burden ■

While Canadians may not be the heaviest taxed people in the world, the following editorial appearing in the last paper above quoted shows that they pay plenty:

Out of every $100 worth of wealth produced in Canada in 1928, taxation took $17.15. This seems high, but it was lower than in preceding years. In 1922 the figure was even $20, and in 1923 it was $19.70. These statistics arc from the latest pamphlet published by the Citizens’ Research Institute of Canada.

The total amount of taxes levied from the Canadian people grew from $589,628,957 in 1922 to $718,736,166 in 1928, an increase of more than one-fifth. But the total net production of all Canadian industries rose from less than three billions to more than four billions in the same six-year period. Thus the weight of taxes was cut down. The percent of the citizen’s dollar taken by the tax collector was lowered from 20 to 17.15.

The figures given on taxation include the levies imposed by all governments in the Dominion. It is interesting to note that in 1928 the federal government took in taxes about nine percent, the provinces less than two percent, and the municipalities more than six percent of net production. Though Canadians are more lightly taxed than most other nations, taxation does form one of the chief items in their cost of living.

Keeping Down the Sea Lions

The following news item in the Canadian Press regarding the slaughtering of sea lions is interesting:

Machine guns and rifles are again being brought to bear against the herds of sea lions which congregate in British Columbia coastal waters and cause great yearly loss to salmon and other commercial fish.

For several years an expedition has been equipped with firearms and sent against the sea lion hordes. Every year hundreds of the mammals are slaughtered on their various rookeries, but in spite of the losses suffered by the herds there are invariably a sufficient number left to cause widespread destruction to the salmon run.

The fisheries patrol cruiser Givenchy carried the sea lion expedition this year. In her bow was mounted a machine gun with a gunner in charge whose first experience was in the trenches of Northern France when the object of attack was German infantry.

Landings this year were made on the Virgin and Pearl Rocks, where last year a heavy toll was taken of the marauders.

Ravages on both fish and gear by sea lions has constituted an important problem for the fisheries department, as a single sea lion can do hundreds of dollar’s worth of damage in a couple of days.

Autumn Leaves

A New Heat-resisting Compound

ANEW heat-resisting compound is composed of Portland cement and concrete, lime, and a small quantity of soda and aluminum powder. When poured out this composition rises like yeast until two or three times its original size, and is remarkably heat-resisting.

Fresh Fruit by Plane

AIRPLANE service is developing rapidly all over the world. In Germany this past season early strawberries and other fresh fruits were sent by plane to northern countries in considerable quantities. One plane alone carried 880 pounds. How much better this is than to carry poison gas and bombs.

The Cost of Living

BASED on July, 1914, cost of living as representing 100%, the cost in 1920 was 197%, in 1922 it had dropped to 156%; then it went up again to 168%, and is now 157%. It is calculated that the new tariff bill will add a billion dollars a year to the cost of living of the people of the United States.

Japan Fears Hunger Riots

THE London News Chronicle tells us that hunger riots are feared in Japan and that careful watch is being maintained of all casual laborers that gather in the streets. The police are said to be ready to handle the situation, but half a million hungry men in a country the size of Japan present a real problem.

Prison Tortures in Yugoslavia

IN A Yugoslavian prison Isolde Reiter, feminine leader of the German minority in that country, was bastinadoed until she fainted from loss of blood. The torture of prisoners in Yugoslavia, Hungary, and several other backward European countries is as common as it is in Alabama or Florida; perhaps more so.

30,000 Earthquakes a Year

ONCE every seventeen minutes there is an earthquake somewhere, so the seismologists tell us. Most of them are so slight that only the most delicate instruments can detect them. The weight of the seas pressing the crust of the earth in upon the molten interior is one of many causes of earthquake.

Fish Respond to Invitations

THE owners of a pond in Nebraska have trained the fish to come to the edge of the pond for food. The invitation is extended by thumping on an old dishpan. The fish are always fed when they come and are never molested at that time.

Manchuria Invaded by Rats .

MILLIONS of rats have invaded Manchuria, coming into the country from the Siberian districts of Ussuri and Amur. Hundreds of acres of grain have been destroyed and several men and women, severely bitten, are said to have died. At last accounts it was proposed ‘to kill the rats with poison gas.

Poles Must Bathe Every Month

UNDER a bill which the Home Ministry of

Poland has drafted every Pole must hereafter take a bath once a month, whether he needs it or not. Exceptions are made in the case of those under ten and over sixty years of age, whose bath cards need not be stamped twelve times a year as will be required of others.

Compulsory Education in Russia

IT IS a large task to turn a nation of illiterates into literates, but that is the task the Soviet has set for itself in Russia. The Peasants Gazette, published in Moscow*, gets out every day a special supplement in large type for those who are learning to read. The circulation of this paper is 2,500,000..

Window Washing Most Dangerous Job

A STUDY of man hours at work in 1485 New

York city industrial plants shows that the most dangerous job of all is that of washing windows. Food and tobacco establishments are also dangerous places. The safest of all is a factory devoted to the making of fine machinery and instruments.

New Craft for Picnickers

BRITAIN has built a new craft for picnickers. It is armed with torpedoes and machine-guns and goes flying through the air at the rate of 120 miles an hour. What a terrible thing such a machine would be if it were not for the Kellogg Peace Pact, which guarantees that it will be used only on pleasure excursions.

A Sixteen Months Old Traveler

TO SATISFY the wishes of her aged grandmother, little Paula Koch, sixteen months of age, recently sailed for Germany, all alone, in the care of the stewardess. Her parents were unable to make the trip, but the North German Lloyd Line was entirely walling to guarantee her safe delivery to her grandparent.

What Becomes of the Gold

OF THE annual production of $400,000,000 in gold, $100,000,000 is absorbed in India, where it goes for display, decoration and hoarding, $120,000,000 goes for industrial purposes, and only about $180,000,000 is left to be used for monetary purposes. Economists believe that the current price depression is due to the relatively small and decreasing gold supply.

America Footing the Bills

IF AMERICA were a member of the League of Nations her share of the total expenses to date would have been about three million dollars; but, while she is not a member, her citizens have unofficially contributed about eight million dollars, a sum greater than the regularly levied dues paid by any of the member nations.

American Manufacturers Abroad

AMERICAN manufacturers have learned that a man abroad can tend a machine nearly if not quite as well as an American, to whom the manufacturers must pay several times as much in wages. As a consequence, some two hundred concerns are erecting factories in other lands. The jobs, the business and the markets will all be in other lands, and they will be gone from America for good. Only the profits will come back, and then not to the jobless men.

World’s Oldest Dictionary

FTIIIE world’s oldest dictionary has been found in Asia Minor. The writing is on tablets of baked earth and is found in six languages, Babylonian, Zapounan, Sumerian, Egyptian, Mittanian and Hittite. A few years ago some of the scholars were saying there never were any such people as the Hittites, because the Hittites were mentioned in the Bible. Now, as a good joke on them, they are beginning to study the Hittite language itself.

Lipsticks Often Dangerous

T^/T Kling, head of the police chemical lab-IvA® oratories of Paris, in an address before the Academy of Medicine, declared that lipsticks are often very dangerous and may cause tumors of the lips. The dyes used sometimes give off dangerous fumes and have been known to cause disfigurement through poisoning.

Edison Company’s New Hates

~O IGHT in the face of the hardest times, the

Edison Company of Nev; York and associated companies have planned to increase the bills of 59 percent of electric current consumers $2,600,000 a year. The new rates work out as a decrease to the rich and an increase to the poor, a typical public service corporation way of doing things.

High Prices for Bread

HpHE Pathfinder seems to think that it is funny with wheat down to ninety cents a bushel it is necessary to pay the same old prices for bread and there is no sign of a five-cent loaf anywhere on the horizon. Since when did any of the big baking companies show any interest in the poor? And what would their banking house think of them if they did?

France’s Gigantic Social Insurance Law

FRANCE now has in operation a law under which its 9,000,000 poorest paid workers automatically surrender 9 percent of their wages for social insurance. Their employers contribute an equal amount, and the national government makes up the balance. The insurance is effective against sickness, permanent disability, maternity, old age and death. Old age pensions start at sixty years of age and are 40 percent of the man’s wages.

Garments from the Air

H ebbert Levinstein, president of the Society

of Chemical Industry, in an address to the British Institution of Chemical Engineers, ex- ' pressed the opinion that the carbon dioxide which is everywhere present in the air will yet be used to make wood pulp, artificial silk and paper by chemical means without the necessity of going through the slow and laborious processes of growth as vegetation and subsequent manipulation that is now necessary.

Center of the English Tongue

SEVENTY percent of the English-speaking people of the world live in North America, so that the center of the English tongue is properly in the Western World. Oddly enough, the English spoken in some parts of England itself is hardly capable of being understood by a person who speaks only English and was never in England itself.

A Noiseless Railroad Crossing

ALOS ANGELES man has invented a miniature turntable, operated manually or electrically, from a tower or from a train, which, at railroad crossings, provides for each rail a continuous track for a train coming in either direction. It is figured that the installation of this device will save millions for the railroads and be a great source of comfort for listeners as well as travelers.

Wheat and Silver Up and Bown

STUDENTS of economics have noticed for years that the prices of wheat and silver go up and down together. This is true not only with regard to the major fluctuations but of the minor ones as well. And as silver is the money of Asia, and wheat is one of their important foods, when silver goes down they can buy less food and the price of wheat drops around the world.

Mastodons Caught in the Mud

ON THE shores of a dried-up inland sea, near the Mongolian border, is a bog-hole of almost bottomless mud. Here the Roy Chapman Andrews expedition has found the remains of twenty-five to thirty great shovel-jawed, mastodons that were evidently overwhelmed at the time of the Flood. These creatures had jaws projecting five feet, and scooped their food in a manner similar to that of a dredge.

Development of Auto-Giro Continues

THE development of the auto-giro, the Spanish helicopter design of airplane which can rise from a space the size of an ordinary rug, and land on a space equally small, gradually continues. It is predicted that within a year, at present rate of development, one of these planes will make the trip from London to Paris. The English Channel has already been crossed by one.

The Akron, alias the ZRS-4

THE Akron, ah as the ZRS-4, now building at the Goodyear-Zeppelin corporation’s plant at Akron, Ohio, will be three times the size of the Los Angeles and twice the size of the Graf Zeppelin. It will be completed in about a year from now. The prodigious hangar in which it is being constructed is 1175 feet long, 325 feet wide, and 201 feet high.

Packing Nut Meats in Glass

WHEN nut meats are packed in ordinary glass jars, the acid fat in the meats combines with the alkali of the glass and produces the soap which is so often noticed in jars of nut meats. This soap does not hurt the nuts, but discolors the jars. When the nuts are put up in hard glass containers the soapy deposit does not form. ■

Smoking and Scholarship

OF TWENTY-THREE men dismissed from

Antioch college last year for low scholarship, twenty were smokers. A careful study of the records of 353 men showed that heavy smokers have lower grades than light smokers, and that smokers who inhale have lower scholarship records than those who do not. Nonsmokers in college maintain a nearly uniform average, but in three years’ time smokers remaining in college fall steadily in scholarship.

Current Advertising in Uncle Sam’s Mails

THE Nation contains the names and address

es of perhaps a dozen or more concerns that openly advertise fraudulent playing cards, fraudulent dice, bogus slugs for slot machine and telephone use, contraceptive devices, directions how to take advantage of women, and indecent photographs, and wonders how and why this advertising is allowed to pass through the mails.

Vivisection of Humans Under Way

THE vivisection of humans, forecast in the torture of dogs, seems to be gradually becoming a reality. Thus we read that in New Mexico a condemned Chinaman was offered his life if he would submit to vivisection, in this case inoculation with the supposed germ of trachoma. The Chinaman preferred death to vivisection, and was wise. Another man submitted to the inoculation.

59 Men Rule America ■

James W. Gerard, former ambassador to Germany, has named the fifty-nine men who, in his opinion, rule America. He mentions Andrew Mellon, J. D. Rockefeller, Jr., J. P. Morgan, Henry Ford, Charles M. Schwab, the Van Swer-ingens, the Fisher Brotners, the Du Ponts, the Guggenheims, W. R. Hearst, Adolph S. Ochs and many other names well known to most Americans, but he does not include Mr. Hoover in the list. Practically all the names are those of financiers.

'A Dishonest Death Verdict

Ronald Bennett, ten years of age, formerly of Westbury-road, Southchurch, Southend, London, England, is dead from encephalitis, or sleepy sickness, the direct result of vaccination. The jury impaneled for the occasion, and carefully instructed as to what to say, found that the vaccination had been properly performed and that the death was from natural causes, and - they knew at the time, and so did the doctor that performed the operation, that the verdict was a falsehood.

Crucifixion in French Guiana

AN AMERICAN seaman, IV. E. A. Booth, of

Los Angeles, stranded in St. Laurent du Maroni, on the mainland of French Guiana, ■ opposite Devil’s Island, reports having witnessed the crucifixion there of a prisoner who had slain a guard who was beating him. Not only was the man thus cruelly put to death by the French authorities, but he was allowed to be eaten alive by ants while the crucifixion was in progress. The name of the prisoner thus slain was Jean Brock.

At the Conan Doyle Memorial

T THE Conan Doyle memorial service, after a “reverend” had asked God’s blessing upon

something that is strictly forbidden in the Scriptures, a clairvoyant claimed that she saw Conan Doyle cross the stage and sit down in the empty chair which had been reserved for him. Nobody else saw him, and, of course, as he was and is dead, he did not sit in the chair. What she saw was something which took place entirely in her own mind, impressions that were put there by the demon that subsequently pretended that he was Mr. Doyle and was in conversation with her.

Renunciation of War

ON THE same day that the formal announcement was made that all countries invited by the United States to participate in the treaty for the renunciation of war had done so, except six of the South American countries, James W. Gerard, former ambassador to Germany, was quoted as saying that a new war is brewing between Italy and France, that it is imminent and that it is in the air.

Meningitis and Chiropractic

Onrow Wilson, a nine-year-old lad of Weslaco, Texas, in the month of May, 1928, became ill with typhoid meningitis and in three months wasted away from a weight of sixty-eight pounds to that of twenty-seven pounds. At that time he had been unconscious for over two months and was given up to die. In desperation his parents employed a chiropractor, and the boy became conscious immediately after the first adjustment and is now as well as ever. We have not learned whether or not the chiropractor who saved the boy’s life has been locked up charged with the illegal practice of medicine.

Pneumonia and Peanuts

IN JULY, 1928, a boy in Valparaiso, Indiana, was stricken with a violent respiratory affliction. The best Indiana specialists were called in, and after grave and careful consultation the lad was declared to have double pneumonia, and treated accordingly. A week later the boy coughed up a double-jointed peanut, and thereafter breathed freely again. All will be proud of this medical victory, but some will wonder how it comes that pneumonia and peanuts are one and the same thing.

Stokers Dressed in White

IT USED to require 120 stokers to keep the fires going under the boilers of one of the great Atlantic liners. Now three men do the work, all elegantly dressed in white. All they have to do is turn the valves so that the oil can do its work. Meantime, too, the anthracite miners who used to get out the coal are also dressed in white, waiting for jobs. But, anyway, though anthracite trade is poor, there will be no more strikes before 1936, and it is something to have peace in a business which has been subject to such upheavals.

New York and London Compared

IN A twenty-mile radius from New York’s city hall there is a population of 9,857,882. It seems as though a good figurer ought to have been able to add those 142,118 necessary to make an even 10,000,000, but perhaps they are added by now, anyway. London has a population, according to latest figures, of 7,864,130, but it is not known just what is the radius which describes this number. An interested New Yorker has gone to England to check up on it and give London the benefit of a fair estimate of what lies within the radius of twenty miles.

Where America Does Not Shine

FTER listing America’s prodigious production of oil, wheat, cotton, copper, pig iron, lead and coal, and mentioning that its purchasing power is greater than that of four times as many Europeans and eight times as many Asiatics, the Harriman National Bank and Trust Company says that “on the other hand we would seem, by the pessimistic sentiment prevailing, to have about 1% of the courage, % of 1% of the nerve, % of 1% of the force and power and y4 of 1% of the backbone of almost any other country—England for instance •—struggling along, carrying gigantic debts and with, millions of unemployed, without murmur or complaint”. This advertisement appeared in the New York Evening Post.

Werner Wants the Facts

HE Philadelphia Record has had a couple of reporters out after fakers in the healing

arts. Nov,- William H. Werner, chiropractor, wants them to do a thorough job. He wonders if they will now bring to light all the fee splitters who work with surgeons, all the malpracti-tioners responsible last year for the deaths of five thousand foolish women and their unborn children, all the insurance cheaters, the ethical alienists, who will take either side of a law suit, all the confederates of bootleggers, all the doctors who furnish false certificates of disability, all the tonsil fearers, the dope distributors, the incompetents, the pus pumpers, the bogus prescriptioners and the fatal-mistake makers. He thinks the Record has a wonderful future if it will really go down the line and get them all, but he does not seem to think the Record will do it. •

American Engineers in Russia

EVEN hundred American engineers in Russia are helping to create in that land the most astonishing industrial machine ever witnessed on earth. There are about forty American concerns involved. One of the enterprises is a 23,000,000-acre farm, with 75,000 tractors as part of the equipment. The foreign trade of Russia is now about a billion dollars a year and will be doubled three years from now. The American Wall Street soviet does not think well of the Russian soviet, and declines to let Washington recognize it.

Li Chung-Yun. and Ginseng

i Chung-Yuu-, of China, was born in 1677.

In the year 1827 the Chinese government sent official felicitations to him on attaining his 150th birthday. In 1877 the government again congratulated him on attaining his 200th birthday. He has married and outlived twenty-three wives and is now living with his twenty-fourth at the age of 252 years.

Li has recently given in a Chinese university *a course of twenty-eight lectures on longevity. Each lecture was three hours long. For two hundred years ginseng root has been a part of his diet every day. He advocates an herb diet and disbelieves in any exercise that tires. He seems not older than a man of fifty-two, according to those who have met him.

Los Angeles Gas and Electric Corporation

THE Los Angeles Gas and Electric Corporation purchases natural gas from a subsidiary at 17%^ and then, in the goodness of its Power Trust heart, it lets the people of Los Angeles have the same gas at 72^^ to 80rj a thousand cubic feet. What a chance this is for bankers, statesmen, editors, college professors, textbook writers and other patriots to show up the evils of municipal ownership! Why, were Los Angeles to have municipal ownership, where would all those profits go? Who would get them? The people are even noV gasping for breath, and their eyes are almost out of their sockets trying to find a way to live, but the good old Power Trust tightens the cord ever tighter and tighter about their necks and can be depended upon to use every ounce of power it possesses to keep the people from getting the semblance of a fair deal.

No Taxes in Colby

FOR the third successive year the Colby (Kansas) power plant and water system have provided all the funds necessary to run the city without taxes, and, besides that, put in $200,000 worth of new pavement and a new 600-horsepower unit for the lighting plant. When you read an item like that, how it does make you love the Power Trust and the whole gang of financiers, politicians, college professors and editors that have conspired against the welfare of the people, to send all their loose change to New York, to be used for gambling purposes.

Who Makes the Honest Thread?

ONCE upon a time there were some makers of honest thread. What has become of them? The honest thread was wound upon an honest spool. When you bought thread it was good thread, and wound on a spool so as to give you as much thread as possible and as . little wood as possible. Now the thread is wretched stuff, full of knots and splits, and just! enough of it on the surface of the spool to cover J the wood. It would seem as if here is a chance’ for some honest manufacturer to make a living? If he could prove that he makes first-class; thread and winds it on an honest spool the public could be taught to pay for it what it is worth.1 But the public are weary of poor thread wound on a bogus spool. This is the opening gun for better thread and more of it for the money.

Delaware’s Modern Prison

AT NEW CASTLE, Delaware, where formerly there; were thirty-three heavily armed guards in tire state prison there are now only six unarmed ones, and only three of them on duty at a time. The prisoners are all on the honor system. Last year they earned $29,000 to send home to their families, besides other sums saved for their own use. They manage the prison, only the warden overruling decisions of the foremen. Once subsisting on meals costing but eight cents apiece they now have meals averaging 26c apiece and yet the prison costs less to run than it did when the meals were poor. When farmed out as laborers the prisoners receive $2 a day, half of which goes to the state and the other half to the man himself. On release 87 percent of the prisoners go straight.

On an Overtime Basis

A MICHIGAN subscriber was talking with a lady friend as to why it takes so much money to get people out of purgatory, if there is such a place, and she solved the matter by suggesting that if a priest puts in his overtime praying for the poor souls in purgatory it is only right that he should be paid for it.

But right away the question comes up about the rate of pay, the union regulations, work on Sundays and holidays and Saturday afternoons, and who belongs to the union, and how to get into it, and somehow it makes the whole thing have too commercial an aspect. It is usual to pay time and a half for overtime, and double time on Sundays and holidays.

British Officers Bungled

QPEAKING to Australian ex-soldiers of the World War, Brigadier General Senator

Elliott said recently at Canberra that in the fight at Fleurbaix, France, the whole operation ,was so incredibly bungled by British army .officers commanding the British and Australian -/forces that “it was almost incomprehensible ihow the British staff responsible for it could Ihave consisted of trained professional soldiers 4of considerable reputation and experience, and jwhy, after this extraordinary adventure, any '•were retained in active command'’. It seems good to have the militarists show one another up, even if it is a bit late. It ought to help a little to really make the world safe for democracy.

Sufferings of Jews of Today

A WRITER in The Nation calls pointed attention to the fact that today the Jews in Poland are being exterminated, in Rumania they are being exposed to pogroms, in Hungary ('discriminated against, in Germany baited, and I they are prohibited from entry into South ' Africa. Now the British government has for the time suspended their entry into Palestine. In what was once Russia the Jews have been deprived of the right of being workmen and are even ejected, from shops and factories which they budded and in which they have worked for generations. They are barred from municipal and government positions, are refused credit by the banks, and are taxed outrageously. Whole communities survive only because of assistance sent from America.

Child Adultism By H. Sillaway (Tennessee)'

IT IS a well recognized fact that the mental machinery of man as a race is pretty well out of order. Dr. Joseph Collins, in commenting on the perverse traits and tastes of our unbalanced civilization, declares the trouble is a lack of emotional development, which he defines by the rather far-fetched term of “infant-adultism”. In his diagnosis of this mental disorder he points out many things in our emotional makeup that are merely hangers-on from childhood. In this we are in hearty accord with Dr. Collins, who contends that our social evils are but symptoms of this underlying malady which affects us as a people.

He tells us the remedy is a system of emotional training, which he believes to be entirely practical. And while there is no question that the cure for this evil is necessarily educational in nature, yet is it within human possibility for’ an emotionally dwarfed race to recognize its mental defect sufficiently to successfully launch an educational program for its correction?

But few have recognized the deep-seated character of this malady, for it is not as some suppose, a mere surface disorder affecting only an element of society, but it is rooted in the very foundation of our social order itself, and none have escaped its baneful influence. And back of this social arrangement is its author and director, his satanic majesty, with whom man is utterly unable to cope.

The fact that the influence of our social order is toward a prevention of development of the mental functions in which the emotions have their balance indicates that its director has a purpose in the exercise of this influence. This purpose is not difficult to trace, for it is plainly evident that Satan’s strangle hold upon the race is made possible by this very lack of mental development.

The emotions are merely an expression of the mental state of the individual—an index, as it were, of his mental development; and the training of the emotions lies in the adult development of the true moral plane of reasoning. Man’s mentality is made up of three distinct planes. The lowest of these is the impulsive, which to some extent is possessed by the lower animals. The mechanical plane comes next, and the majority of people do not develop their mental faculties above it. The conditions of environment are usually antagonistic to the development of the moral-logical mind, which represents the full adult development of human mentality.

With those of an energetic nature there is little to prevent the full adult development of the mechanical reasoning powers to the full extent of the ability of the individual; but the development of the moral reasoning powers usually stops at ages varying from eight to fifteen years. The moral plane of reasoning is the plane of judgment on questions of equity, and by its exercise questions of a Biblical, social, political, and financial nature are correctly determined.

The mechanical reasoning powers are a necessity in the daily routine of life. Without them, man would be helpless, with no scientific or mechanical ability. But mechanical reasoning ability is seldom balanced by ability of moral judgment, and as the result the average person reasons on religious, social and political questions mechanically. He cannot rise to a higher plane of reasoning, because his mental enuron-nient prevents its development.

The manifest symptoms of emotional immaturity due to this lack of development of the moral-logical reasoning faculties is evident in the childish tastes and pleasures of the people as a whole. The gregarious tendency seen in the multitude of social organizations; the love of pomp and of imposing ceremonies; the individual desire to shine above others; the absurdities of and slavery to style and custom; the near to social caste lines separating the rich from the poor; the jazz mania, race prejudice, etc., are all a fruitage of undeveloped emotions.

Children are noise lovers. The retired farmer leaves the peace and quiet of the country for the noise and glamor of city life, and thus manifests the emotional childishness of an immature nature. The childish taste for noise is brought to the front in our modern music, which in large part is only noise with a mere musical setting. Orators and clergymen who raise their voices to a harsh roar of swift flowing language are always popular.

A child lives in an atmosphere of mysteriousness. It is surrounded by things, conditions and circumstances its undeveloped mind is unequal to. Because of its confidence in the superior knowledge of its elders, it accepts their explanations of these things with little question. The majority never outgrow this childhood mind. The environment by which they are surrounded prevents the exercise of the higher reasoning faculties, and therefore they remain dormant. As the result they are dupes to every deceiving influence from fake stock and partisan politics to ecclesiastical domination and insidious, lying war propaganda.

Gardening, farming and weather predicting is still extensively done by certain rules of supposed moon influences for which there is no scientific reason whatever. The average voter is either a republican or a democrat, although unable to give a logical reason for party choice. The church member is incapable of logical Bible reasoning on doctrinal questions, and as a result his doctrinal deductions are nonsense and foolishness. The worship of the creature, and back of it the baneful influence which produces it, is the underlying cause of this woeful lack of a mature mental development.

Strange as it may seem, it is nevertheless true that the nearest approaches to a mature development of the higher reasoning faculties are more often found among those of only ordinary mental talents. The reason for this would seem to be that high education, super-talents and financial superiorities usually do not favor a mental attitude favorable to the influences tending toward a development of these faculties. In fact, the attitude of the individual toward the existing order of things has much to do with the creation of a favorable atmosphere for such mental development.

Thought functions through a double mental picture made up in the one part by whatever is reasoned upon, and in the other part by a corresponding reasoning base. Conclusions are arrived at by an oscillation of thought waves between these two points. With the lower animals this function is exercised in its most simple form, in which, as it were, the thing reasoned upon is a simple question mark and the reasoning base a mere interrogation point. Their thought waves drive in a straight unbroken line with no complexities in sluggish, heavy undulations between the points of its operation. This is one-dirnensional reasoning, though some of the more intelligent among these, as the dog, sometimes manifest mental traces of a two-dimensional capacity.

Two-dimensional thought is a flat surface form of reasoning. In this form of thought functioning the subject matter of thought is surrounded by a reasoning base with little or no height or depth. TwTo-dimensional reasoning is purely impulsive. Many people reason principally in two-dimensional channels, thereby manifesting a very low development of even the mechanical plane of mental capacity.

Mechanical thought is three-dimensional, and in its full development is complete in itself in the sphere of its capacity, but an attempt to use it in the higher phase of thought, which in reality is fourth-dimensional, results in a mere surface action in which it reasons all around a subject, but never enters really into it. It is perhaps a new thought to some that man’s mental powers are capable of rising above a three-dimensional plane. But if the mental faculties are to be considered at all from a dimensional standpoint, it is nevertheless true. The angels are fourth-dimensional creatures, yet we have no evidence whatever that their mental capacities differ in any way from that of man.

A question naturally arising in connection with the subject of child-adultism is, What moral responsibilities has one who is thus undeveloped in his higher mental faculties? This is a question that cannot well be ignored, as it is vitally important in our dealings and associations with our fellow men. It is evident that in all questions involving equity the individual cannot be responsible beyond his ability to reason rationally. Every person of average intelligence is able to discern between certain outward principles of right and wrong, even though his mental faculties are, through undevelopment, unequal to handling questions of a moral-logical nature.

This principle is fitly illustrated in the clergy, who as a class show’ a very low7 development of their reasoning faculties. Because of the talent of clothing their ideas in an eloquent setting of language they have been generally looked up to as men of super-intelligence; but the fact is, brilliancy of expression in no sense measures the mental powTers of the individual, and there is little logic behind the average sermon. As a profession the clergy manifest a reasoning deficiency that is appalling. But they are moralists in theory, and dvrell fluently on the moral precepts of the Scriptures. By their own -words they are judged in their hard-hearted hypocrisy and bitter antagonism towards the truth and those -who dispense it.

With the untrained emotions of the race running wild in impulsively followed channels man is securely chained to the satanic order which rules the environment of his existence, and is helpless as a race to release himself from the web of circumstances that securely hold him in a state of child-adultism. The remedy, and only remedy, is Christ’s kingdom, which, through the binding of Satan, will destroy the deceiving influences which now hinder mental development.

A friendly Suggestion to Mars By Wm. R. Gray (Ontario)

J AM going to tell you something of the village A of Fergus, Ont.; perhaps you can use it in your paper.

Fergus is a very busy place, a large manufacturing place, being the home of Beatty Bros., Ltd., the largest firm in their line in the British Empire. They make electric washers and stable fittings, hay carriers, pumps, etc.

The firm, buys home sites of fifty feet frontage, helps the employees to build, or builds for them, and gives them steady employment, because it is very aggressive in merchandising its products, controlling about sixty percent of the Canadian trade in the washing machine business, and about eighty percent of the hay carriers and stable fittings.

The Beatty company has contributed largely to an arena for sports which would hold a, large portion of the inhabitants of the village. There is also under way a large swimming pool, or tank, which will be heated by steam from the ■ factory. This, I understand, is to cost about twenty thousand to twenty-five thousand dollars, and to be used by the entire village.

The management of this firm are great believers in good, clean outdoor sport, giving great encouragement to it.

I have not at any time seen any of the management use tobacco. In the recent election the village was almost unanimous for prohibition, although prohibition did not come.

To look this over one would almost think things were ideal in this village.

The firm has. a model farm, with a herd of Jersey cattle, and has just built a dairy, so as to supply the village with pure Jersey milk.

The picture is good up to this point; almost like the Millennium.

There is only one smudge on the picture: Manufacturing costs are continually being cut by the use of new machines; more and more production is the cry. Not one manufacturer that I have ever talked with seems to realize that machines are not ready customers. If they keep on replacing humans by machinery, and thereby eliminating wages, where are the markets coming;from? Mars, perhaps!

Honesty m Cincinnati

IT IS only a few years since dope peddlers were openly doing business in Cincinnati, and openly boasting that nobody could or would interfere with their business. The principal dealer had fixed it up in advance with the district attorney. In view of this outrageous example of dishonesty we think our readers wfill appreciate the following report of a “sermon” by Rev. Anthony Bevis Beresford at Mohawk church in that city. The one who sent in the clipping wrote on the margin, “Imagine anyone’s listening to this and believing it.”

Never has there been so much practical Christianity in the world as is now among gainful pursuits. The whole paper structure of present-day finance, bonds, stocks, agreements, are no better than, the characters who issue them—be these nations or individuals.

Honor is the demand and support of business the world over. Speaking the truth out of a sincere heart is practiced more universally today than the cynic would have us believe. The cynic would have us believe that all men are liars, and that a lie repeated one hundred times will serve all the purposes of truth.

This is absolutely untrue. If everybody spoke the truth for one week it would absolutely not bring on another World War. Truth is spoken daily in business establishments and homes. The newspapers tell nothing but the truth. Millions of pages of daily advertising carry nothing but the truth. Even in diplomacy, truth now prevails. This is not astonishing, however. Long ago Bismark said, “I have learned how to fool the other diplomats. I tell them the truth.”

The Christ who rode into Jerusalem now abides in the world's great capitals.

‘ ‘ Truth is here to stay 1 ”

* An Essay on Eugenics

ANYONE with imagination, and sympathy must at times be appalled by the immense amount, of suffering in the world. About once in a generation a devastating war destroys hundreds and thousands of lives, and leaves great numbers of cripples and breaks countless hearts. The progress won by toil and. life-long-work is swept away with fire and sword.

We are not much better off in peace times. All the time an immense number of weakly persons are suffering from disease and infirmities of one kind or another. The lives of the bright and healthy are often devoted to caring for feeble relatives.

Who can estimate the embarrassment and disappointment, to say nothing, of the great economic loss, occasioned by the birth of feebleminded children? Such children sometimes come to parents who appear to be unusually intelligent and fortunate in every way.

Then there is the frightful burden of vice and crime, costing several billion dollars a year in the United States alone. Many dollars greatly needed for education and for all sorts of constructive purposes have to be spent upon the maintenance of prisons, courts, and police forces, and for other means of protecting society. While a misplaced sentimentality often bestows more sympathy upon the criminal than upon his victim, we need to bear in mind the huge amount of suffering caused by evildoers, and the shame and regret felt by their relatives.

No wonder that sensitive souls feel over-wThelmed by the Weltschmers. Every person with a spark of good will in his heart wishes in some way to lessen the burden of human suffering, and modern society has established under the auspices of the state and of the church and through private beneficence immense philanthropic machinery for the purpose of alleviating the burdens of our fellow men. There is no end to the appeals which reach generous people for contributions to these objects. Yet after all we do not seem to be making very marked progress. The number of those needing aid appears to increase faster than help can be rendered.

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