Golden Age, November 27, 1929

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Golden Age

A JOURNAL OF FACT HOPE ANDI. COURAGE

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in this issue

THE MILKMAN

THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN

WHY DOCTORS FAIL

PREVENT THAT COLD

POWER TRUST TACTICS

RELIEF FOR THE PEOPLE

radio Lecture by Judge Rutherford

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EVERY OTHER WEDNESDAY 5c a copy - $1.00 a year - Canada & Foreign $1.50

Volume XI* No. 266 November 27, 19 2 9

Contents

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Labor and Economics

Anarchy in North. Carolina

Women Workers in China

Social and Educational

Potpourri

How Is This One?

Finance—Commerce—Transportation

The Telephone Trust -

Canada Takes to the Air

Using the Banks Against the People .

Political—Domestic and Foreign

IVliat the Anti-Saloon Is

Battleships Have Had Their Bay

Communism Is Impractical

Persecuting Hindus in Shanghai

Agriculture and Husbandry

Boulder Dam Limitations as to Irrigation

Ode to the Milkman

The Price of Furs

Why Keep Boosters?

Science and Invention

The Sperry Rail Tester

The Antiquity of Man

Home and Health

The Proof of the Grape Cure

Vaccination in New Hampshire

How I Dismissed My Undertaker .....

Why Doctors Fail

Prevent That Cold

An Appeal for Medical Liberty

Religion and Philosophy

A Versatile Preacher

Relief for the People .

Bible Question and Answer

The Church of England Bishops .

The Children’s Own Radio Story

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Golden Age

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Volume XI Brooklyn, N. Y., Wednesday, November 27, 1929 Number 266

Potpourri

An Amphibian Plane .

NEW style of amphibian plane has wheels which can be used for land flying but which the aviator can wind up out of the way in case he wishes to land on the water, or let down again if he wishes to land on the land. -The navy is already using these amphibian planes.

370 Miles an Hour

Waghorn, winner of the Schneider trophy for 1929, is said to have attained 370 miles an hour at one stage of his travel through the air. This is no doubt the fastest speed at which any human being has hitherto traveled. The airplane record for speed will stay with Britain for another year.

Seeding a Field by Airplane

NEAR Bellingham, Washington, 160 acres of land were seeded by airplane in an hour and forty minutes. The plane flew 500 feet above the ground, at the rate of 95 miles an hour, and the farmer fed the seed to the air from a sack in a six-inch stream, using about 800 pounds of seed.

Automatic Airport Lighter

CINCINNATI man has invented a device by means of which an airplane can turn on the lighting systems of airports over which the plane flies. This is brought about by a system of modulated wave lengths transmitted by radio from a miniature radio transmitting apparatus on the plane.

The Sperry Rail Tester

rpi-IE Sperry rail tester, by electrical means, -®- gives a precise picture of the internal uniformity of rails, inch by inch, and tags bad spots by the spraying of paint at the defective points. Three testers are examining twenty thousand rails a day. The same principle is being used in detecting hidden defects in welds.

Canadian Indians Seek Justice

ON THE ground that they are not Canadians, but an independent nation, the Indians of Canada have representatives in Europe seeking justice from the League of Nations. They seek to have Canada retrace some of its steps of injustice toward them. Lo, the poor Indian!

Styles in Hold-Ups

T T SEEMS that there are styles even among the hold-up men. The figures show that eight years ago there were 220 bank burglaries and 133 bank hold-ups; while last year the bank burglaries were less than one-third in number what they were seven years ago, and the hold-ups were more than double.

School Customs in Europe

T N EUROPE the average school day is six hours, there is school on Saturday, and there is only a six weeks’ vacation period. As a consequence of this more serious attitude toward school work the children of Europe, of equal age and school opportunities, are usually better educated than in America.

Have Your Cat Dry-Cleaned

NEW YORK has started a beauty shop for dogs and cats. The price charged for drycleaning a cat is $3.00. A talking point is that in a large city a light-complexioned cat has trouble in maintaining a nice appearance and that soaking it in the bath tub ruins its disposition.

Pneumatic Tubes in Office Buildings

LL new office buildings in New York are being equipped with pneumatic tubes for the delivery of messages, and the buildings are being connected with each other by means of other tubes. In a little while the twenty thousand messenger boys of New York city will be a thing of the past.

A Dry Year All Around

rp HE year 1929 has been one of extreme JL droughts. These have almost covered the earth. In parts of Pennsylvania farmers had to haul their drinking water- two miles. In the Argentine Republic they were without rain for six months.

Waggoner Ranch in Western Texas

THE Waggoner Ranch in western Texas contains more than 800 square miles, or, in other words, an area almost thirty miles square. The 512,000 acres of this farm are spread out over parts of five counties and contain four oil fields of note.

Cardinals Get a Raise of Pay

THE pope has raised the pay of the cardinals attached to the Vatican from $1,190 a year to $5,405 a year, the increase to date from July 1, 1929. Cardinals who are heads of ecclesiastical congregations will receive an additional yearly allowance of $1,350 each.

Telephoned Fifteen Thousand Miles

Walter S. Gifford, president of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, has had the distinction of telephoning fifteen thousand miles. His voice went by wire from New York to Lawrenceville, N. J., thence by radio to Baldock, near London, thence by wire to Rugby, and thence by radio to Sydney; the return conversation was by the same route.

Uses of the Radio Ear

TTEALTH CULTURE tells us that the radio -^--L ear, tested out in a school for the deaf at Canton, Ohio, enabled twenty children to hear their own voices and other voices for the first time in their lives. Within half an hour several of the children were able to speak simple words, the first intelligible sounds they had ever uttered.

Fertilization of Fish Ponds

AWAY has been found to fertilize fish ponds.

Tiny water plants grow more rapidly under the spur of the fertilizer, minnows eat the plants, the big fish eat the minnows, and the men eat the big fish when they can catch them. Too much pasturage chokes the fish, hence a very small quantity of copper sulphate is used to prevent overdevelopment of the plant life.

The Port of New York

T N THE amount of net tons of shipping which enter the port of New York the nearest competitor, Antwerp, is exceeded by over 50 percent. Antwerp’s figures for the past six months were 10,108,000 registered net tons, while the port of New York figures were 15,166,000.

Brooklyn Has Largest Piers

IpEW know that Brooklyn handles half of the port of New York’s foreign commerce, or that the world’s largest passenger ship, the Bremen, docks there, or that the ships docking there save three hours or more when entering or leaving the port.

Airports in the Philippines

rp.HE United States Government is establish--L ing air lines in the Philippines and will open sixteen airports. The Philippines are hvo thousand miles in length and the spaces between are so narrow that one may go from one end to the other without losing sight of land.

Chicago Regional Planning

K LL the territory within fifty miles from Chi-cago’s loop is now being carefully studied with a view to a comprehensive plan for all future development of highways, streets, parks, sewers, water supply, telephones, electric power, gas and other facilities. It is expected that by 1950 this territory will have a population of 7,500,000.

To Build City in Russia

A CLEVELAND concern will, within the next fifteen months, build in Russia a new city covering an area of twenty-five square miles. This city, which is to be modern in every respect, will be built by American engineers and architects but with Russian labor. A Ford automobile and truck factory will be the principal industry of the city.

England’s Underground Lake

ENGLAND is interested in the discovery of an underground lake and river. The lake is about 900 feet long by 20 feet wide, and of great depth, and lies over a mile back from the entrance to the cave in which it is located. It is 500 feet beneath the surface of the ground. The river rushing into it has a tributary of considerable size. Little is known of these rivers.

udge Carr, of Boston, has won the esteem of TTOG raising in Indiana has been profitable all right-minded Americans by his stand for some years, but not in 1929. One farmer

Boston Judge Has Common Sense the right of free speech in what has become the cradle of American oppression. He has advised the police of Boston not to be so zealous in preventing American people from discussing public affairs in the open and not to be so thinskinned that they can not endure any criticism.

Dress Reform for Men

BRITISH men are agitating for dress reform for men, declaring, in the language of the Manchester Guardian, that “Men’s clothes are heavy, thick, ugly, gloomy, uncomfortable, uncleanly, unhealthy and inartistic”; and so they are. Why men should dress in hard, thick black cloth and have something around their necks to choke them in hot weather is a problem needing solution.

Fright as a Cure for Paralysis

CONVINCED that some of their paralytic patients were shamming, the authorities of a hospital in Guyaquil, Ecuador, loosed a boa constrictor in the ward, with the result that several patients made a grand rush for the doors and windows. The snake was harmless, but it was rather hard on those who were genuinely helpless to have it turned loose in their midst.

Imported Bugs from Across the Seas

AN IMPORTANT feature of agriculture in the United States at the present time is the importation of bugs from across the seas. The ladybug beetle from Australia is imported to California to keep down the pests that would otherwise destroy the orange crop, while the tachina fly from Japan is imported into New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania to fight the Japanese beetle.

Birds Wreck Electric Works

A PPARENTLY the birds do not pay attention to the signs warning them to keep off the premises of electrical establishments. During the month of September a bat committed suicide by diving into the electrical apparatus of WEAF, incidentally putting that station out of commission for eight hours. A week later an eight-pound owl put St. Albans, Vt., in darkness and electrocuted three cows and himself at the same time.

Raising Hogs in Indiana paid $125 for the mothers of his 54 porkers. He fed the porkers 600 bushels of corn that cost him $1.15 a bushel, or a total of $690 worth of corn. When he came to sell all the hogs, including the mother hogs, his total receipts were $680, a net loss of $135 besides his labor.

Twenty-four Miles of Cotton

HPHE opening of the Roosevelt Irrigation District in Arizona has provided that state with a cotton field 37,000 acres in extent. The field is twenty-four miles long, two to four miles wide, and the cotton stands, in many cases, higher than a man’s head. It is expected that diversification of crops will soon break up this vast field, perhaps the largest cotton field ever known.

The Great Neck High School

rpiIE( Great Neck High School has a radio -L transmitter in each of its forty classrooms, and not only can the principal of the school address each student in the school without necessity of the student’s leaving his seat, but each classroom may listen in on the same or a different radio program at will. The school contains a model kitchen, a typesetting machine, and a printing press.

The Mountaineers of Virginia

T) resident Hoover has been fishing within a hundred miles of the national capital, where virtually the whole population is unable to read and write, few have ever seen the American flag or heard of the federal government, health protection is unknown, mothers teach their boys and girls of all ages to chew tobacco, and the people are too poor to buy even spoons and forks and plates.

May Abolish Letter Q

FjlHERE is a movement on foot to abolish the letter q and to replace it by the ancient letter, looking like a letter E with its loose ends joined, which was for hundreds of years used by the Anglo-Saxons in place of the two letters th. At present these two letters come together once in less than eight words. The use of the new letter will save four percent of paper space. In the new plan qu would be replaced by the ancient cw.

QOLDEN AGE

The Power of a Book

I T IS claimed that Miss Mayo’s book, “Mother India,” wherein was exposed the fact 'that half the Hindu girls between the ages of ten and fifteen are wives, has been responsible 'for a new law in India limiting the age of consummation to fourteen years.

An Improved Street Car

IT SEEMS that the automobile makers are waking up both the railway companies and the street car builders and both are doing something toward making travel by their respective methods more comfortable. Some of the new individual seat railway coaches are really very fine, and now a street car has been made in Pittsburgh the windows of which may be readily moved up and down by a crank the same as in an automobile. If some of these transportation concerns had done some thinking about the public long ago they might have more traffic and larger dividends now. .

Boulder Dam Limitations as to Irrigation

THE dean of the College of Agriculture of the University of Nevada points out that the waters which would be impounded by Boulder Dam must of necessity be heavily impregnated with salt and borax, because both salt and borax deposits will be covered by the impounded waters. Waters so impregnated are not suitable for irrigating purposes. He further points out that it may be found that much of the land proposed to be irrigated by the dam will be found unprofitable for that purpose.

Selected Wrong Kind of Work

N EVANGELICAL clergyman, in Le Mars, Iowa, realizing that he would soon have to buy an alarm clock and overalls and get a job, tried the novel business of robbing banks while still holding on to his clerical job. He got the money from the bank all right, using a black mask and pistol on the job; but he forgot to take the license plate off his car, was traced to his home and, after many declarations of inno-cency, straightened matters out by committing suicide and asking that the money be returned to the bank. While in favor of having the clergy learn how to do some kind of useful work, we can not recommend their entrance into the already overcrowded ranks of hold-up men. Reverend Frolkey selected the wrong line of work.

Mussolini’s 9,000 Sentinels

EFERRING to Mussolini’s public declaration that he has 9,000 sentinels watching all the Catholic clergy in Italy, to make sure that they do nothing contrary to Fascism, the pope, in an address to Catholic youths, has lamented that such is the case but has declared that he is unable to do anything about it.

Plight of Australia’s Aborigines

HPHE British Government has never recognized the aborigines of Australia as having any rights whatever to their own lands. As a consequence, as the whites have pushed farther and farther inland the aborigines have been deprived of their hunting lands and driven to work for the whites for what they would pay them, or else starve. The wages paid have not been enough to more than maintain the life of the worker himself, and his family have been left to starve.

The Sixteen Gastonia Prisoners

THE average age of the sixteen Gastonia prisoners is but twenty-five. A picture of this group of young communists shows that they are but boys and girls, idealists, aiming for a better condition of society, but not knowing how it is to be brought about. It would be too bad if these young people got the deal that Sacco and Vanzetti received in Massachusetts. The conditions of which these young people complain should be removed, not the young people themselves.

'Anarchy in North Carolina

CONSTANTLY recurring murders in the western part of North Carolina show that there is no government in that part of the country that is worthy of the name. Free speech is denied, men and women have been shot and killed, and others have been blackjacked and whipped, and other acts of violence have been perpetrated against them by mill officials whose names are known and by mobs which they have raised up to assist them. In these mobs there have at times been as many as fifty policemen, supposed officers of the law, in reality nothing but anarchists in uniforms. The fact that some of these mobs sing hymns when engaged in their dirty work of destroying America makes the whole thing beneath contempt.

Gilchrist’s Description of War

Major General H. L. Gilchrist is reported as saying: “To choke a man to death with irrespirable gas, to injure his lung tissues and leave him, in the event of his recovery, an invalid for weeks or months, is not humane. The same objection may be made to the horrible injuries due to the rending power of any of the high explosives which drive jagged pieces of steel into human bodies and leave in place of the normal, man a lopsided and deformed remainder, sometimes shorn of both arms and deprived of both eyes.”

: > Directors of Munition Companies

'VTDARS ago, when Germany was contending J- with Britain for at least a partial freedom of the seas, the directors of the British ordnance and shipbuilding companies, who were also directors of the Krupp and other German and Austrian ordnance and shipbuilding concerns, deliberately used all their vast powers to increase ordnance and battleships on both sides, and even to promote ill feeling. America is now seen to have a number of this kind of expensive patriots, willing to create bad feeling between America and Britain if only they can bring in more orders to their plants.

The Telephone Trust

EFERRING to the devious methods by which the telephone trust borrows from the public at 4f,- percent and earns a net profit of 12.11 percent over all expenses, meantime repeatedly shoving up the rates higher and ever higher, Henry Ward Beer, president of the Federal Bar Association, says: “No holding company quite so accurately illustrates the ‘milking of the public’ as the American Telephone & Telegraph Company, a holding company which monopolizes and controls more than 85 percent of all the telephone companies in this country. No higher powered propaganda aces are on any corporation payroll in America than those which represent the telephone trust. Every time it opens a new circuit or strings a wire to a distant point, it actually has the president of the United States pose with the president of the telephone trust and has our president make glowing tribute to its wonderful achievements. Then follows the mulcting charge for service, as illustrated by its own admission.”

Shearer Out of Luck

WB. Shearer, whose deal with the patriotic « armament makers and shipbuilders of

America disrupted the naval conference at Geneva, seems to be out of luck. Of the $308,885 which the job was to cost, he had, at last reports, received only $51,230. This leaves him shy some $257,655, and with the cat out of the bag it is doubtful if our millionaire professional patriots will dare come across and pay the balance of their hill. It is very objectionable to these gentlemen to get caught and exposed.

Shearer’s Work at Geneva

J T SEEMS that when Shearer upset the naval disarmament conference at Geneva, he was the key man of the Big Navy crowd. Paid by the Bethlehem, Newport News and Brown Bo-veri shipbuilding companies, he took orders and advice from the attorney of the American Council of Shipbuilders, was supplied with private letters and documents from the secret files of the Navy Department at Washington, and passed out the information at Geneva which caused the American reporters to send out the dispatches which disrupted the conference. Shearer’s employers should be locked up.

President Hoover’s Statement

EFERRING to the contract between the

Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, the Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company, and the American Brown Boveri Corporation and their employee, William B. Shearer, super-propagandist for the Big Navy crowd, President Hoover said: “Every American has the right to express his opinion and to engage in open propaganda if he wishes, but it is obviously against public interests for those who have financial interest in, or may be engaged in contracts for the. construction of naval vessels, to secretly attempt to influence public opinion, or public officials, by propaganda in favor of larger armaments, and attempt to defeat the efforts of governments in world limitation of such armaments or to employ persons for such purposes. I am making this statement publicly so there can be no misapprehension of my determination that our present international negotiations shall not be interfered wufh from such sources and through such methods.”

Bolivia’s New Railroad 2_

T GREAT cost Bolivia has completed the

Potosi-Sucre railroad, over 150 miles of the roughest country in the world. This will enable Bolivia to have her capital at the legal site, Sucre, instead of the hitherto more accessible location of La Paz, where the actual government work has been done. The line will open much virgin territory to settlement and development. .....'

The Postal Deficit

TTtHE NATION points out that more than--*■ half of the postal deficit of $157,000,000 arises from the low second-class rates granted to newspapers and magazines. If economy is actually needed, here is a good place to make changes; but nobody has yet said that either the lighthouse service, the coast guard, the work of the departments of agriculture and commerce, or that of the army or navy, must be self-supporting. ,

Women Workers in China „

MORE than half of the 500,000 textile workers in China are women working twelve hours a day. One-fourth of these do not have a single day’s rest in the year. Some have one clay’s rest in fourteen. In many factories a pair of trousers is the woman’s only garment while she works. Children are often born in the factories. After the women return to their little homes, often made of and furnished with packing boxes, they must prepare food for husband and children, and then do their washing and other household work.

What the Anti-Saloon League Is

rnest II. Cherringtox, general secretary of the Anti-Saloon League, explains that ‘The League is controlled by the churches. Its directors or trustees in the various states are the elected representatives of the various denominations in these states. These directors or trustees elect the League officials, determine the policy of the organization, and regularly review its activities. The Anti-Saloon League is, in a peculiar way, not merely an agency of the church, but by the official action of many denominations, it is the actual representative of those churches in the fight against the liquor interests of the nation”.

Battleships Have Had Their Day

RITISH and American speakers at the Williamstown Institute of Politics are both agreed that battleships have had their day. They are no longer offensive weapons, and it is even questioned if they have any defensive value. In case of a war a fleet of battleships would not dare to cross the seas, but would have to be defended by other military measures. Might as well turn them all into pruninghooks and be done with it.

Must Keep Churches in Repair

THE unfairness of some of the ancient laws is being daily brought to the fore. An Austrian Jew, cited under an ancient law, has been compelled to repair a Christian church damaged by earthquake, merely because it chances to stand near land which he owns. This law is a relic of the dark ages, still on Austria’s books and still a part of the law of the land. The law is dishonest and unfair and should be officially repealed.

Overcrowded Prisons a Disgrace

LEAVENWORTH federal prison has within its walls today more than twice the number of prisoners it can decently house. Atlanta penitentiary is almost as bad, having on a recent day of inspection 3,107 prisoners in quarters intended to accommodate 1,712. And yet there are hosts of men in the Power Trust and other great financial institutions who ought to be in these prisons. Maybe if some of these fellows who ought to be in prison would really get in, there would be less necessity of crowding other people in.

Alexander Legge, Old-Style American

lexander Legge, old-style American, was making $100,000 a year at his business when he was summoned to Washington to take a $15,000 job as chairman of the Federal Farm Board. Arrived there the social leaders of the capital tried to get a line on his grandfather, so that they could have an excuse for accepting Legge into the so-called best society. Legge took the phone out of the hands of his secretary and told the snobocracy at the other end of the wire that his grandfather was a horse thief, a stage robber, and a convict. This was probably not true, but it had the desired necessary and salutary effect.

Ode to the Milkman By Charles Morrell

THE dairying industry of today provides little of the rustic romance that once surrounded the artist’s conception of it. Contented cows grazing on vast green lawns are not emblematic of that product which is delivered every morning at the door of the city home, as thejr once were.

Gone are the days when with a degree of light-heartedness the farmer and his wife or daughter rose up early to milk the cows, strain the milk, hitch up the nag, and merrily ride off to the city to see that the city folk had fresh milk for breakfast.

The farmer’s daughter may still be lighthearted (if she didn’t stay up too late at the dance last night). There is nothing to prevent her wearing a picturesque costume as the artist would like to see it. The farmer still rises early and does the milking, strains the milk, hitches up the nag, or cranks his bus, and with a trace of financial concern on his countenance, rides off with his milk, but—

The city people don’t get fresh milk for breakfast.

Having been measurably obliged to act as milkman for a year, I speak, not as the Pharisees, but with authority on this subject.

Milk may come in from the country on Monday, tli© product of Monday morning’s or Sunday evening’s milking. Some will be pasteurized Monday, but some will remain till Tuesday. That means that some will be delivered Wednesday.

Some of this milk goes into stores on Wednesday. When the milkman calls on the store Thursday, he may or may not change the milk left over from the previous day, depending on how much he has in his wagon. What he does change, however, must be returned to the dairy, and if those returns are heavy he is told about it. Consequently, the next day he sees that his returns are not heavy, i. e., he leaves old milk (now four days old) in the stores till it is sold, maybe a week or more after it left the farm.

Occasional complaints of sour milk are received from the stores. The dairies anticipate these, and to carry the milk over from Sunday evening beyond Wednesday, during warm weather, and keep it still “fresh” and “pure”, something must be done.

We leave it to you, reader. What would you

do, if big profits were your incentive an’d "the public be------” your policy f

I have never seen milk ‘doped’. But in smothered whispers between the dairy employees and the managers, etc., something goes on that can’t be discussed ‘out loud’.

Dairy journals mention and recommend certain preservatives, and preservatives are used in milk.

Milk derived from one source in this city, a source which supplies half its inhabitants, apparently comes from a ‘freak’ herd of cows or its handling after it leaves the cows is different; for after a week or so even the preservative can hold it no longer, and it does not sour, but rather a nauseating, decayed odor arises. The milk is not healthy, sour milk. It rots.

Complaints about milk, which arise from one end of the country to another, and those which would arise if it availed at all, prompt us to ask why ive put up with it. The answer is based on Barnum’s age-old axiom: “There is one born every minute.”

This is the way it all happened:

Once upon a time when the milkmaid and her father milked and delivered the milk before breakfast, one farmer added wafer to his milk, or took some of the cream off, or kept his stable so unsanitary that bacteria made a swimming pool of his milk can. Dr. Science found this out, published the news, and scare-headline reporters magnified it beyond its worth.

And a bright dairyman who was more interested in money than in milk, and in selfishness than in service, cashed in on that publicity. In fact, he built a business by warning the people about the other fellow’s 'milk. By and by he spent more money in advertising in one month than his fellow dairymen earned in a year.

The inference was that the average farmer’s milk was unreliable. His (the dairyman’s) milk was the only dependable product, and to get pure milk you must buy through him. Of course the big dairyman had to buy the milk from the farmer, which vze formerly bought, in order to supply all his new-found customers. The inference therefore was wrong; Barnum was right; and we all bought.

His fellow farmers found that to sell milk they must sell through him. Barnum was right again.

The more the aforesaid dairyman plastered the landscape with Dr. Science’s exaggerated opinion, the more money he made to continue advertising. Eventually the business became too big for him, and he is now a corporation. When any little fellow tries to sell separately, he buys him out or pushes him out.

Further, the odd farmer who added water to his milk or took cream off becomes a model to the big dairyman, who builds on the same but larger lines.

We pay 13^ a quart for milk here, 'as is,’ after going through the multifarious processes of a dairy. Sixty miles away we can enjoy it at 8^ a quart, 'as ■was,’ when it left the cow.

We get it twenty-four hours to ten days after. In the town we enjoyed it three to fifteen hours after.

How much of the cream we get, I don’t know. But when I see that sign, “Pure Milk,” on a milk wagon, street car ad, or in a newspaper, it always looks cross-eyed and apologetic to me. 1 can’t trust it any longer. Next time you have the chance, see how it looks to you.

However, it is a comfort to know that the milkman is well paid. You always hear that.

For a year my salary was $23 a week, guaranteed, plus commission of a bottle on all over 1600 bottles of milk or cream a week, if I returned all the bottles. I was told that many drivers made $35 to $50 a week.

The company, of course, requires a bond for $200 to $500, presumably so you won’t steal the horse and rig. That is what I thought.

At the end of the first week, I received my $23 guaranteed, less a $2.00 deduction which was to be a weekly deposit, to build up a fund to replace the bond.

I found that few people (not more than 25 percent) paid cash for their milk or bought tickets, and I had a good district.

Having taken over the route from another man, I found he had two or three 'bad pay5 customers ; so I declined to serve them other than C. O. D., and told the-company. They told me it was my job to add customers, not to let them go. But, if they owe $5.00 and don’t pay, does the company stand the loss? Decidedly not! That is why you pay $2.00 a week: not as a bond, but to see that the company does not lose.

Now a milkman has neither time nor opportunity to be a good bookkeeper. His work is idone on the hop, and largely at night, in the dark. If the animal he drives is a mare, it might properly be called a 'nightmare’. This term is also applicable to his bookkeeping.

After delivering 200 to 400 bottles of milk, cream, or pounds of butter, memory is relied upon to charge three-quarters of it to customers’ accounts. Memory will be good enough for 98 percent, but the other 2 percent causes all the trouble. Each mistake of memory costs 7^ to $2.00, and, once in a while, more. It is a case of “Heads I win, tails you lose”, from the customer’s viewpoint and the company’s viewpoint, with the milkman taking tails in the first place and heads in the second.

If you overcharge the average customer, you are corrected, or she quits. If you undercharge her, you lose. And, frequently, if you charge them right, they don’t pay anyway. Coming, going, or standing still, they get you.

You are expected to get new customers. If you give them a sample quart of milk, the milkman pays for it.

At the end of the first week my credit book showed $25 owing by the customers to the company. At the end of the fiftieth week it showed $170, made up of amounts varying from 7^ to $20 each. I was fortunate. One driver showed me his book, involving amounts up to $50 each.

But, in addition to this $170, I had paid the company $108 in weekly deductions, plus all my commission, about $70, with various other amounts from time to time to offset either mistakes of the day, which showed up only at the end of each week, and which many drivers never discover, or to pay for milk which customers declined, refused, or neglected to pay for.

In other words, to keep a job paying $23 and commission cost me $300 a year, at least.

I happen to have had something better than a common-school education. I am not and never have been an inmate of any asylum for the insane, and am possessed of at least average business training. Twenty other men working with me lacked some of these assets.

Because these men daily collected and handled company’s funds, probably without keeping accurate account, each week-end showed them deeper in debt to the company. Nine out of ten are pulled up to the manager’s office to explain their finances. Two-thirds of them resigned or were fired the first year; not one without owing the company $50 to $500 apart from what they had already paid in regular weekly deductions.

Those who eventually owe'd $500 found themselves unable to live on what they thought was $23 guaranteed and commission. Actually it was about $15 a week, and, racked in mind, they eventually became crooked. And how?

First, they split quarts of cream into halfpints. To do this, they must steal caps for the bottles. This netted them 20^ a quart. Then they sold ‘wholesale’ butter ‘retail’, making 3p a pound. Then some found ‘easy’ customers, who could be overcharged. Some took advantage of mistakes in checking their load, and some endeavored to steal in bulk, either milk, butter, or tickets, or falsified their books. Some took razor blades and neatly split the milk tickets, so that ■when pasted on a sheet provided for the purpose, with printed side upward, each halfticket looked like and passed for a proper ticket.

Before these men worked for the dairy, nine out of ten were straight. In fact, twenty drivers were chosen out of two hundred for their ability, energy and honesty. So they should be above the average.

After a year with the dairy, the thumb-screws of financial losses, daily twisted by the company ■with threats to call in their bondsmen and thus brand the men as thieves, or haul them into court, not on a civil charge, but on a criminal charge of theft, had so tightened up their racked minds that, could their minds be known, nine out of ten had gone crooked.

I leave it to you, reader, to decide ■who is the bigger criminal, the oppressed or the oppressor.

One of my competitive drivers, working for another company, who had twenty-five years of faithful service to his credit, and who, one would think, was entitled to a pension or bonus, was hauled into court by his company and charged wuth criminally taking $785 in this manner. What actually transpired was that his customers owed the dairy $785 and the company forced him to be responsible for that amount, or stand a charge of theft.

As I said, some drivers overcharge. This, to rob the rich to pay for the poor, was the principle of the famous English outlaw, Robin Hood.

One good lady whose account I kept ■with unusual accuracy because of her eccentric nature, when presented with a bill for $2.85 asked for an itemized statement. When provided, she denied ever having received half of it. She said, “All milkmen are the same. They rob me to pay for the people who won’t pay. I’ll give you $1.50,” which I declined. She didn’t like the principle of Robin Hood. I disliked worse still the principle of “robbin’ me”.

In my opinion, people who buy on credit, in all decency to those from whom they buy, should keep proper account themselves or pay the bill without question. The responsibility is theirs, or they should not use credit.

A short while ago the aforesaid milk corporation, with not more than $600,000 capital subscribed, in less than five years’ operations, sold to that giant, the Borden Milk Co., of New York, for $3,000,000, common stock shareholders receiving $5,300 in Borden Milk Stock for every $1,000 of their own.

Even this $2,500,000 profit did not satisfy the voracious directors, for instead of passing a fraction of it on to the men who built up their trade, they hounded them all the more to square up for the new company’s benefit. In justice to the Borden Milk Co., I understand their treatment of the employees is an improvement over that of the former company.

The company took from me to cover the credit which they compel the milkman to extend to their customers, under penalty of dismissal, more than $300, and I verily believe I have a moral claim for this amount on that ill-gotten gain; otherwise the Apostle James was wrong.

Besides, say, $230 lost during my term of employment, I had $170 more debts to pay when I quit than when I started, and I was fortunate. Some had $400 or $500. Some could not quit because they knew of no way to pay. As a milkman, my ‘latter end was worse than my beginning’.

If readers want to get the moral out of this Ode, pay cash for your milk. If you don’t, there will likely be always a few hundred dollars between you and the milk company.

Canada Takes to the Air

MOST Americans will be surprised to know that in 1928 Canada carried more passengers and more freight by air than were carried in the United States by the same means. Most of this air transport is in the western part of the country, where the airplane enables miners in a few hours to traverse distances which previously took weeks or months. One Winnipeg company last year carried more than 10,000 passengers; total for Canada as a whole, 74,689.

How Is This One ?

I READ with much interest the account of “The Defeat of Drake and Alair”, in Golden Age No. 257.

I am willing that you act as judge. An individual who only half-heartedly opposes the doctrine of Transubstantiation is of little use to those who would clarify the subject in the minds of their fellow mortals.

The most charitable view we could entertain would be to acknowledge that, adverbially the individual acts semiproantitransubstantiation-alistically.

By Melvin R. Alair

This word equals the name of the lake in length, if not in importance.

* * # * #

We do not like to say anything about a situation which is as tense and complicated as everybody must admit this to be, but as we think of Commodore Alair’s brave fight we can not but feel that he is leaning so much toward this new word that he is ultrasemiproantitransubstantiationalistically inclined, and that makes it hard for him to get the proper perspective. However, we do not wish to judge anybody. We now leave it up to our readers.—Editor.

Communism Is Impractical

THE French head of the Russian communistic bureau in Paris has resigned his position, because a year and a half in Russia has convinced him that the country is being governed by a caste system and is really headed, not toward socialism, but toward barbarity. In his letter of withdrawal from the communistic propaganda service Mr. Marion said:

“I remain faithful to the ideal of the struggle for emancipation of the workers and the dawn of a better society under which exploitation and wars will be banished, but I am convinced that it is not with the doctrines nor the methods of the Communist party that this can be attained.”

The steps that are being taken to hold the Russian people to the communist program are very ingenious. The Museum in Moscow is so arranged that a trip through it compels belief that a revolution from the government of the czar is a necessity.

The news of the day is explained to the people daily in every center of population by teachers selected for the purpose. Every labor disturbance anywhere is set down as a communist uprising. Theatrical plays are arranged to hammer home the same idea. Anti-religion is one of the chief subjects taught in the schools. There is an increasing separation between agriculture and industry, and between city and village.

The Price of Furs By American Humane Education Society

FURS are beautiful on their original owners, the wild free animals. When made into garments and trimmings for decorations they cease to be truly decorative, because they mean agony and death.

If women who wear furs could see one furry animal caught in a trap, struggling to tear itself loose, and see it die slowly of cold, thirst, hunger, fright or injury, or all these agonies together, they would cease calling fur garments beautiful.

If they could see a trapped animal which had only a stump instead of a leg or tail, proving that it had been caught before and had torn itself loose or had bitten its leg off getting loose, they would know that furs are obtained by ghastly cruelty.

Wearers of furs make excuses. They say they are not to blame because they did not kill the animals. They refuse to know that the buyer, however remote from the trap in the snow, is the real cause of the killing.

They say the animal is already dead, so they might as well wear its fur because the animal cannot be brought back to life. They refuse to know that the one fur sold must be replaced by another.

They say, “I did not buy this—it was given to me.” But wearing a gift fur helps keep the fashion going, and encourages other people to buy and wear other furs.

The final buyer and the wearer are responsible for all the traps and trappers, and all the long agonies.

The Antiquity of Man

By G. Lester Lance

THE antiquity of man upon the earth is a subject of interest to an increasing number of people. In various parts of the world trained archeologists are at work tracing the history of the race back to its earliest beginnings, and from time to time scientific circles are stirred by discoveries resulting from these widespread researches. Evidence of man’s existence at remote periods usually takes the form of implements and weapons, but, according to scientists, the actual bones of ancient man are sometimes unearthed. By' far the greater proportion of such traces of early man up to the present have been found in the Old World.

Scientists tell us that the Old World has produced many evidences of prehistoric man and of his slow and painful climb of the ages. They point us to the bones of “Pithecanthropus erectus”, the Heidelberg man, the Neanderthals, and the Cro-Magnons. They declare that while we do not know when man first appeared upon earth, these witness to the fact tliat the earliest beginnings of human life were at a period of remote antiquity.

Sir Arthur Keith, the distinguished scientist, in a recent lecture before the British Association for the Advancement of Science, declares that mankind has an antiquity of a million years. He said: “All the evidence at our disposal supports the conclusion that man has arisen, as Lamarck and Darwin suspected, from an anthropoid ape not higher in the zoological scale than a chimpanzee, and that the date at which human and anthropoid lines of descent begin to diverge, lies near the beginning of the Miocene period. On our modest scale of reckoning that gives man the respectable antiquity of about a million years.”

While scientists generally believe that man has an anthropoid ancestry, all the human beings on earth today are considered as belonging to the same species, Homo sapiens. But there is a wide gap between the lowest living human and the highest living ape, and this is the gap which scientists have long sought to bridge with a hypothetical “missing link”. Widespread researches covering many years have resulted in the discovery (we are told) of several of these intermediate forms or missing links, the oldest of which is called “Pithecanthropus erectus”, often designated the “Ape-man of Java”.

The discovery of the “Java man” was made by Dr. Eugene Dubois, a Dutch army surgeon living in central Java. He had spent a great deal of time searching for prehuman remains along the Bengawan River, and in 1891 he found a single upper -wisdom tooth which he thought was that of a new species of ape. Seeking a little further, he found another molar tooth, the top of a skull, and a left thigh bone, apparently belonging to the same creature. The' skull capacity of this animal was considerably less than that of the lowest known type of humanity but greater than that of the highest ape; and the structure of the thigh bone showed that the creature walked erect; therefore Dubois named it Pithecanthropus erectus, the erect ape-man. An antiquity of not less than 500,000 years has been assigned to it.

Some scientists, however, hold tliat the scientific name Pithecanthropus is a misnomer, that the “'Pithecanthropus erectus” named by Dubois was not an ape-man as the Greek word implies, but a true “pro-man” or “dawn-man”, -walking erect and capable of human speech and human thought. Dr. Frederick Tilney, of New7 York, declares that the brain of “Pithecanthropus erectus”, as compared with the brains of modern races, resembles that of a three-year-old child.

Another intermediate form between modern man and the anthropoid apes is called the Heidelberg man, which, according to scientists, has an antiquity of several hundred thousand years. The Heidelberg man was named from a single massive jaw bone found in 1907 under seventy-six feet of stratified glacial sands, near Heidelberg, Germany.

This jaw bone is larger and more powerful than that of any known human and it indicates a very massive and primitive skull. While there are groat divergencies of opinion relative to the Heidelberg man, scientists are generally agreed that it is one of the missing links in the chain of human development.

Another so-called missing link is known as the Neanderthal man, a race which is said to have lived in Europe and in the caves of central France fifty thousand years ago. This is the first race of men whose remains have been found in any abundance. The Neanderthal man gets its name from a typical skull found in a valley by that name near Dusseldorf, Germany. In 1856 a complete skeleton -was found buried in a cave.

and scientists at once agreed it is another missing link.

But Virchow, the great German physiologist, said that the skull was that of a feeble-minded modern; and because of the weight of his opinion no further attention was paid to the skeleton until similar finds were made all over Europe, from the Rock of Gibraltar to southern Austria. These bones had so many features in common that it is agreed they are of the same species. The Neanderthals, scientists believe, were a low race of men, distinctly human, and though evidently the descendants of the Heidelberg man, they were more primitive and apelike in some respects.

According to Prof. H. F. Osborn, one of the most famous scientists in the world, the Neanderthal men were squat, burly, big-headed, thick-skulled savages, with brows projecting over cavernous eyes, knees permanently bent, and jaws almost chinless. It is said that their brains were of good size, but the portions which represent the higher intellectual attainments were poorly developed.

Dr. Tilney also declares that the Neanderthal man seemed to have had many of the attributes of modern man but that he had a definite gorilla-like appearance and anthropoid characteristics, as shown by the projecting eye sockets, the low receding brow, and the broad nasal openings. He was a flint worker and a skilled artisan, had command of fire, and buried his dead with ceremonial rites; thus exhibiting definite advances in human progress.

According to scientists, the Neanderthals were replaced by a tall, finely built race of hunters, called the Cro-Magnons, who entered Europe from Asia, about twenty-five or thirty thousand years ago. The Cro-Magnons evidently ranked high in intelligence as compared with all but the very foremost of modern peoples, and belonged to the same species of man that we do, Homo sapiens.

While the Neanderthals possessed wooden weapons such as the stone-head dart and spear, there is no evidence that they used the bow and arrow. On the contrary, the Cro-Magnons are said to have been familiar with the bow and arrow. Armed with such weapons, together with their superior intelligence and physique, they completely exterminated the Neanderthals, according to some scientists.

They are said not only to have had higher intelligence and to have fought with superior ■weapons, but also to have possessed noteworthy artistic ability, for their carvings, drawings, and paintings, are of high merit. But the Cro-Magnons in their turn succumbed, and with the disappearance of this fine race there came in its place, seemingly from Asia, four or five different types of humanity which can today be discerned in Europe’s very mixed population.

Scientists have generally believed that Europe or southwestern Asia was the cradle of the race and have not regarded America as furnishing any evidence of prehistoric man. Many hold that ancient man did not exist on this continent and that man came to it only a few thousand years ago. But other scientists declare that recent discoveries tend to prove that man in America has an antiquity of a much longer period than what was formerly believed. These discoveries have come from various parts of the country and particularly from Nebraska and Oklahoma.

In the Scientific American of August, 1927, Prof. H. J. Cook stated that some of the earliest traces of the human race have but recently been discovered in this country. He tells of rich fossil finds in northwestern Nebraska among which is the first fossil evidence of true anthropoid primates ever found on the American continent. Among other discoveries made was that of a single upper molar tooth, black, and perfectly petrified, which appeared to be a fossil human molar.

The specimen was submitted to Prof. H. F. Osborn, president of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, and he immediately pronounced it as the “first occurrence of anthropoid-humanoid stocks to reach America”. Prof. Cook further declares that there has been found in this region “evidence of the first culture known to have been developed by the human race, and the oldest trace of humanity by hundreds of thousands of years 1”

Science, therefore, presents many facts and figures respecting the antiquity of man. Unfortunately many scientists, perhaps the majority, show a tendency toward extreme dogmatism in their calculations respecting the age and past history of man as though the evidence was all in and they must render the final decision.

True science, however, is not dogmatic, nor is it characterized by egotistical statements. “Instead, it seeks through every possible avenue of information to assemble and coordinate all available facts, and to evaluate and interpret them without bias; and it fully realizes that opinions can not alter or replace facts, regardless of how unexpected they may be.” Nor will it reject testimony coming from reliable sources.

With these thoughts in mind I wish now to submit the Bible testimony relating to the antiquity of man. But at once several questions will arise in the minds of some. Can the Bible and science be reconciled? Can the first chapters of Genesis and subsequent statements be harmonized with the deductions of science?

These questions need not go without satisfying answers, but obviously they can not be adequately treated in the limited space necessary to an article of this kind. However, let it be said that true science and the Bible are in perfect accord and that since the Bible is beyond question of doubt a divine revelation it is superior to all human conjecture. Therefore, whatever discrepancies may be found between the Bible and the deductions of science they are undoubtedly the errors of the latter.

Scientists, with few exceptions, are of a skeptical turn of mind and have long sought to prove that man was on the earth long before the period assigned in Genesis. Every bone found in the lower clays or gravels is scrutinized with a view to making the scientist a world-wide reputation and to proving that the Bible record as to man’s creation and antiquity is unreliable and false.

A complete record of human history must of necessity begin with the creation of man. The length of time since the first appearance of man on earth is variously estimated by scientists, but among those who accept the Bible record there can be but little difference of opinion; among those who reject it (and nearly all scientists do) the differences are enormous, reaching all the way to a million years, as already stated.

But the suppositions and calculations of scientists are based upon facts which afford but slight ground for such extravagant and reckless conclusions. Relative to the data from which scientists draw their conjectures, and the method of reckoning employed by them in determining man’s antiquity, it should be remembered that in calculating time from the thickness of formations, as is often done, there is always great uncertainty, arising from the dependence of this thickness on a progressive subsidence or regular sinking of the land. 'When calculations are based on the thickness of accumulations from alluvial deposits over a given number of years, or, when they are based on the amount of detritus discharged by a stream, such calculations are of little value.

As an example of these so-called scientific calculations I would refer you to an article in the August (1927) issue of the Scientific American already alluded to. Prof. H. J. Cook, writing of certain important evidence of ancient man found near Frederick, Oklahoma, declares that “careful computations . . . indicate that about one inch in 750 years is being removed from the wdiole face of the country drained by the Mississippi river system from the Alle-ghanies to the Rocky Mountains. ... It takes 9,000 years to remove one foot from the surface of the region. To cut the surface the depth of the local valleys would therefore take about 900,000 years; and to develop the drainage dowm to the present Red River level, 280 feet below, wmuld require the appalling time of 2,520,000 years.” He then adds, “this is undoubtedly excessive,” and to allow for “possible errors” and to be “conservative” he arrives at the modest figure of 365,000 years. Such so-called scientific calculations are worthless.

Turning now to the Genesis account of creation we read: “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.” This “beginning” relates, not to the universe, but merely to our planet earth. “The earth was”—i.e., was already in existence, though without form and void—waste, empty and dark. We do not know how long a period elapsed between the beginning when God created the planet earth and the beginning of the creative week (of seven days) used in perfecting it for man. According to the Bible each of the seven days mentioned in Genesis is a period of 7,000 years; hence the entire creative week embraces an epoch 49,000 years long.

We are living in the seventh day of this epoch; in other words, six days, or 42,000 years, are in the past. The six days, or 42,000 years, correspond to the various periods of geologic time prior to the appearance of man on earth, that scientists tell us about. While 42,000 years are infinitesimal when compared to the geologic time of scientists, it is quite reasonably ample for the work represented as being accomplished therein.

The Scriptures reveal that it was just at the close of the sixth day (42,000 years since the beginning of the first day) that God created man; because his creation was the last, and it is distinctly stated that God finished his creative work, not on the sixth, but on the “seventh day”; the division of the man into two persons, two sexes, being, evidently, the final act.

If God finished his creative work on the “seventh day”, which is a period of 7,000 years, and we are living in the seventh day, how long has it been since the creation of man? The answer is, A little more than six thousand years. The Scriptures positively state that Adam was the “first man” and that God “made of one blood all nations of men”. There was, therefore, no preAdamite man. Notwithstanding the guesses of modern scientists, which embrace periods extending over hundreds of thousands of years, man has an antiquity of but a little over six thousand years. Let God be true though it prove every scientist a liar I

Six thousand years past and one thousand years future bring us to the close of the seventh day and to the end of the creative week, or 49,000 years since God began ordering the affairs of earth for man’s habitation. Beyond this period the Bible reveals nothing respecting the future of man except to state that the race will then have reached a state of perfection upon a perfect earth.

The one thousand years of the future is spoken of in the Scriptures as the period of Christ’s reign over the earth, and His reign is for the express purpose of restoring the race to perfection. This is the golden age of prophecy, and we are just entering upon it! Although the Scriptures clearly point out that the greatest crisis of the ages will be reached in the immediate future, they show also that following that period of trouble, the greatest the world has ever known, mankind will enter upon an era of blessing such as was never dreamed of.

Looking down the millennium of the future we see the restored race of humanity in a state of perfection. Every vestige of crime, selfishness, and wrong has been removed and all the wilfully wicked destroyed. The earth has been brought to a condition of Edenic perfection. In it there are no thorns, thistles, or weeds. All insect pests have been destroyed, and wild animals have become either tame or domesticated. An ideal climate envelopes the entire earth, and such irregularities as storms, cyclones, and tornadoes are but a memory.

The earth has become a garden of God and is a fit habitation for perfect man. All human creatures have been perfected, mentally, morally, and physically; and gracious words are upon their lips. All give glory to God the great Creator whose wisdom purposed it all and whose power brought it to pass. Praise ye the Lord!

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