Golden Age, June 26, 1929
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Golden Age
A JOURNAL OF FACT HOPE AND. COURAGE
in this issue
ALL NATIONS ONE BLOOD
RADIO RECEIVER DESIGN
AGE OF THE SUN
FOODS AND ACIDITY
ALUM AND BAKING POWDER
EVENTS' IN CANADA
HIS RESURRECTION
fifth of a series of radio lectures on good government, by Judge Rutherford
omnimmmmmmmmmmmmimmEmmmmiimm
EVERY OTHER WEDNESDAY
5c a copy - $1,00 a year - Canada & Foreign $ 1.50
Volume X - No, 255
June 26, 19 2 9
Contents
........................................— ~------------------
Social and Educational Language or the Underworld .............. 620
Finance—Commerce—Transportation A. Ifuw Notes ox Money .
Political—Domestic and Foreign "A. Paxabtjs on Disarmament"............ .
Agriculture and Husbandry Hardships of New England 1'abmk.is
This Call oe the Wheat Fields .....
Science and Invention
*‘0f One Blood Alt. Nations of Men"
Some Items It eg adding Modern Kaiho Keceiveb Designs .... (517
A Hint as to the Age of the Sun .......
Home and Health
Foots That Produce Acids ob Ai.kai.ies in the Body ..... (521
Too Many Hau-baked Surgeons .....
Is "Sodium Aluminum Sulphate" Alum? ......... 626
Too Much for Even a Steel-lined Stomach ......... 629
Travel and Miscellany
Events in Canada .
. Religion and Pmi.osori-iY
Bible Questions and Answers
His Resuhrection
A Tribute to Billy Sunday
The Children’s Own Radio Story
Published every other Wednesday at 117 Adams Street, Brooklyn, N. Y., II. S. A., by WOODWORTH, KNORR & MARTIN
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The Golden Age
Volume X Brooklyn, N. Y., Wednesday, June 26, 1929 Number 255
“Of One Blood All Nations of Men
IN THE Sunday supplement of an American paper there has appeared an article of more than casual interest to students of the Bible. This article deals with the origin of the various races. Although we find in this article expressions of scientific theories concerning the evolutionary process which the race has undergone (according to their theory), we find also, after gleaning the facts from foolishness, that these same facts are in close harmony with the Scriptures. Scientists have discovered that the secret of racial differences lies in the activities of the various glands. That is to say, the over-activity or the under-activity of a certain gland will produce certain results, such as giants or pigmies, the angular chin or the receding chin, the coarse hair or the fine hair.
The scientists believe that these changes were brought about gradually over a period of many generations. At the same time, they cite instances where diseased glands produced these changes radically. For example, we read: “There is even a possible effect on the skin; for in one disease of the adrenal glands the skin turns dark bronze in color.”
The following is a quotation from the article: For several years scientific men have been sure that the glands have power to alter individual human bodies as profoundly as the differences between members of different races. What was less certain was that these individual differences could be passed on from one generation to the next, for races can be created, of course, only if heredity comes into play as well as the gland influences; only if changes created by the glands are permanent and transmissible to the children.
This point has at last been cleared up by important researches by Dr. Oscar Riddle, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, who has demonstrated that differences in the behavior and size of at least two glands are definitely inheritable. Dr. Riddle has even bred two distinct types of doves, the animals with which most of his work has been done. One type—it
By Kenneth Ralph Coulter
would be perfectly possible to call it a “race” of doves—has large thyroid glands; the other type has small glands. Thus Dr. Riddle proves the possible existence of at least these two “gland races.” The power of these glands to alter other bodily characteristics, in human beings no less than in doves, is something about which science already had no doubt.
Few human problems have caused more fruitless speculation for thousands of years than the problem of the origin of races. In olden times men used to believe that all the races had been separately created, a belief which finds one form in the idea that the different races sprang from Ham, Shem and other Biblical characters. Nowadays no scientific man holds this idea seriously. All human races are believed to have been developed, by ordinary processes of evolution, out of some single primitive human race.
Although these paragraphs and more which will follow openly deny the Scriptures, the Scriptures, on the other hand, fully approve of the principles involved and prove beyond a doubt that this actually is the reason for the differences in races. The Scriptures prove, however, that the change instituted in the glands was not an evolutionary change but a severe, radical change. Scientists, on the other hand, favor the theory of evolution, which you will readily determine by reading the following:
Diseases exist in which this adrenal gland is disordered, precisely as they do for disorders of the pituitary gland. If the adrenal gland is too active hair tends to appear on the body, and this hair is apt to be black and coarse. On the other hand, when the adrenal glands are not active enough the normal hair tends to get thin and silky. In extreme instances it falls out. There is even a possible effect on the skin, for in one disease of the adrenal glands the skin turns dark bronze in color. No one imagines, of course, that these changes in hair or skin or bones or other similar racial characteristics caused by gland diseases are precisely of the same nature as the supposed changes that produce races. These diseased conditions are extreme examples. [The Bible clearly proves that these glands did become subject to severe conditions which without
an atom of doubt would produce disease.] They are apt to be accompanied by other changes on mind and body which mark them as clearly abnormal. What the evolutionist looks to for the causes of racial differ-' ences are much smaller changes in the sizes or activities of the different glands; changes totally imperceptible in a single generation but which are probably effective, and not harmful over a period of many centuries.
The next quotation clearly proves that food and the utili ation of food are materially affected by the glands:
Still another gland, the thyroid gland in the neck, has recently been related to a difference definitely known to be of racial character. This is the difference in the production of heat in the body, as measured by what is called the “basal metabolism”, which means, in simple terms, the rate at which food is burned in the body to produce bodily heat.
One of the most interesting facts developed by modern scientific investigations of this matter is that members of the yellow races, like Chinese and Japanese, have an average basal metabolism notably lower than that of white races. It is well known too that the thyroid gland controls this basal metabolism. When the activity of that gland is above the average the person concerned has a high heat production and a high basal metabolism. On the other hand, if the thyroid gland is less active than usual, the heat production and the basal metabolism are low. That may be why Chinese men and women are apt to feel the cold more than whites do. It is perhaps one reason, also, for other differences between the two races. Once more the racial differences seem to point clearly to the gland systems as the fundamental cause.
The influence of climate and food is freely confessed as revealed in the following:
Dr. Riddle's investigations with the doves have proved, however, that precisely this same fixity of inheritance exists among the glands. However these gland differences may be caused—and here is where the influences of food or climate may be of real importance—the differences certainly persist by heredity from one generation to the next, just as do the differences between races.
These are the physical facts coupled with false speculations and theories as set forth in the article. It is both gratifying and amusing to note how the Scriptures fully approve of and silently testify to the facts set forth.
Beginning with the first quotation we find that the Scriptural account concerning the three sons of Noah and their propagation of the races is disputed by the men of science, yet they blandly confess the ■■three races of mankind” and casually publish a diagram setting forth pictorially "'the striking characteristic difference of the noses, nostrils and lips of three races of mankind”.
Aside from evolution, the scientists publish three causes for the changes in glandular activity, namely: (1) disease; (2) climate; (3) food.
The Bible silently testifies to these three causes:
(1) Sudden change from the humid warmth of the Edenic world to the severe climate of the post-Edenic world would greatly affect the health of persons accustomed and acclimated to the Edenic world, breaking down all resistance at a single stroke. ’
(2) After the deluge the climate became varied over the face of the earth, as well as each locality suffering alternate changes.
(3) Meat (flesh of animals) was eaten for the first time after the deluge.
Let us first discuss the diseased gland. Science has definitely established that the mother’s relationship to the child in her womb is purely chemical. The mother provides the heat. This reminds us of the fifty-first Psalm: “Behold, I was shapen in iniquity, and in sin did my mother conceive [margin, icarm] me.” While the child is in the womb, heat which is supplied from without the mother's body plays an important role.
A certain poultryman discovered that by using flie violet-ray and increasing the intensity of heat he could secure a greater number of pullets. This was given as a probable reason that women living in warm climates gave birth to a greater number of girls whereas women living in cold climates gave birth to a greater number of boys.
Now while the child is in the womb, the glands must be very sensitive and flexible; indeed, could they not be compared to sensitized film plates? The child undoubtedly reacts to every passing mood of the mother, which moods are in. turn regulated by the conditions of the mother’s glands. After the child is delivered of the womb the glands remain perhaps in a semiflexible state, during which time any outside influence bears grave impression upon the child’s nature, or actually upon his glands. Not until the child reaches the adolescent stage do these glands attain any fixity; which means also that the child’s nature, temperament or “character” has become fixed. While the child is in the womb is the first stage of the glands, and here heredity is at work; after the child is born the glands are still subject to outside influences, and here environment is at work; after the adolescent stage the glands become fixed in their activity and here the “'character” hardens into a mould. This gives us three stages: (1) child in womb; (2) from birth to adolescence; (3) from adolescence onward.
In the case of the glandular activity of Noah’s children and their children, there is a definite analogy:
(1) Child in womb
(2) From birth to adolescence
(3) From adolescence onward
(1) Ham, Shem and Japheth in Edenic world
(2) From deluge to heredity fixes racial traits
(3) From time heredity fixes racial differences even until now
Inasmuch as external heat helps to determine whether the child shall be male or female, is it not reasonable that the humid warmth of the Edenic world would likewise tend to keep the glands of men from Adam to Noah in a state similar to that during which the child is in the womb? That is to say, would not the glands during those years be maintained in a sensitized, flexible state, sensitive to any change or variation, yet (because of Edenic climate) not subject to any change? Thus Noah and his children coming from an Edenic world to a post-Edenic world is similar to a child issuing from the sanctuary of the womb to the mercies of environment. At this time the sensitive glands, which had been accustomed to the humid warmth of Eden, were subject to icy winds, glacial waters, glacial snows, glacial ice, cold dampness followed by the direct rays of the sun, with alternating winds of burning heat and freezing chilliness, drought and rainy seasons. To all of these the sons of Noah and their immediate children (who would have inherited sensitive glands) were not acclimated and adapted, the change having come so radically. These glands, instead of undergoing a gradual change would have become severely weakened, and in turn diseased, so that great changes would have been brought about within a single generation, which changes (because of intensive intermarriage) were sealed by heredity. At this time the glands had become acclimated to the change; just as the child during the adolescent stage hardens into a definite mould of “character”. All this is fully in accord with the Bible, which tells us that man is degenerate. Thus, these abnormal racial differences are the product of disease. (There’s a bone for the evolutionist to chew on!)
The White or Caucasian
These diseased glands were aggravated by:
(1) A variation of climate, leading to (a) a dispersion of tribes and their geographical segregation, and (b) intermarriage.
(2) Variation of food.
Considering now the relationship between food and the glands, we find that the thyroid gland in the neck determines the rate of burning up of the food taken into the body. Whether the selection of food produced this state of the gland or whether this state of the gland influenced the selection of food, the article does not state. The Scriptures seem to favor the former. After the deluge, man ate animal flesh for the first time, or rather he was given permission to eat it by Jehovah God. Perhaps one of Noah’s sons loved animals greatly and could not eat the flesh of his pets. We could assume that this son must have greatly resembled his father, Noah, that he was a patient, ceaseless, faithful worker, and that he is the father of the Asiatic peoples who are famous for their patient drudgery. Now this son of Noah loved animals, and this love for animals was doubtless transmitted to his children. In addition to this, this son would become a patriarch and would advise his children not to eat the flesh of animals. In due time this would become a systematic and superstitious veneration for animals, which would in the course of time develop into animal worship. This undoubtedly accounts for the reason why Asiatic peoples live on rice and fruits, worship animals, and have a lower rate of heat production in their bodies; and finally it accounts for their patience in their work even though it be drudgery.
While man was in the Eden world, a high heat production in the body was not necessary. With the coming of the deluge, all this was changed. Man must supply himself with bodily heat to combat the variations of external heat. The assimilation of such a food as meat would produce greater energy and heat, which in turn would urge the thyroid gland on to greater activity, which soon became fixed by heredity. One of these sons and his tribe, however, did not eat meat; therefore this artificial heat was not supplied bodily, which in turn did not stimulate the thyroid gland, and it became (because of the change in temperature) more or less inactive. This in due time -would have been fixed by heredity. Being more sensitive to the external changes of temperature, this tribe would naturally seek a place congenial to their physical tendencies, such a place as Asia evidently offers. One of the other tribes lived on meat, thereby producing a greater bodily heat at a faster rate, and was, because of the natural heat within them, able to push into colder climates. These people, being meat-eaters, would naturally eat a great deal of oil, which in the light of presentday science is essential to bone growth, thus developing larger bones than their brethren who, in warmer climates subsisted on fruits and vegetables. These climates in turn worked upon the glands which in turn changed the physiognomy of the people.
The Bible clearly indicates that although the people prior to the destruction of the Tower of Babel were all of one lip, these people were segregated into tribes, which is really nationalism on a small scale. There must have been intensive intermarriage, which would tend toward emphasizing certain hereditary traits. Thus, if one of Noah's sons had but a tendency to have a. receding brow, through intensive intermarriage and in the course of a few generations this condition would be seriously in evidence; which is signal evidence, not of evolution, but of degeneration. After Babel this condition of intermarriage would be intensified still more, until in these days intermarriage between two distinct races is looked upon as criminal.
Hardships of New England Farmers
A NEW ENGLAND farmer sends us a clipping from his farm paper in which a Maine farmer says, in part:
We may not want to think that we are stripping our farms to support a government that is bringing oppression upon us. But facts are. stubborn things to face, and I actually know of farms in my township that are being stripped of growing timber in order to pay taxes and other bills that should come from the proceeds of their crops. What will happen when these assets are gone?
The New Hampshire farmer who sends the clipping to us backs this up by the complaint that the local corporations are forcing foreclosures of mortgages, meanwhile selling dried fruits at 30c a pound and sugar at 7|c. He says:
Surely it is the folly of the foolish when the farmer pays his last dollar for taxes, which seems to be the case with many" today. The situation is appalling.
Exorbitant taxes are bad enough, but when the farmer is confronted with the foolish rashness of the law which extorts excessive interest and charges for delinquent taxes, he is branded with a cruelty which, has no place in a democracy. Autocratic officials are at his heels, and with the power and authority the law forces upon them, the American farmer, ■whose ancestry built this great republic, is fast being driven from his farm, his home. County after county" through the northwest could tell a mournful story of the cruelty which farmers have been subjected to.
WITH the tremendous expansion of the Canadian National Railway lines northward, and the assurance that the Hudson’s Bay line, with its enormous possibilities, will be completed this year, the world’s greatest private-owned railroad is awakened to action in the same direction. Under the caption, “A Tremendous Programme,” the Saskatoon Star-Phoenix has the following editorial:
With all the zeal of the convert the Canadian Pacific Railway has apparently at last become “north-minded. ’ ’ For years and years that company has confined its activities to the southern and central parts of the three provinces. Driven originally to the latter course by circumstances which are sufficiently well known, it took the position that what was in the first place a political necessity, was in fact a matter of choice and that the northern areas were not worth bothering about. The last twelve months, however, have seen a tremendous change come over the spirit of the company’s dream. The directors in person took one look at the Peace River district and promptly offered $5,000,000 more for the Alberta government lines than they had offered previously. Following this, Consolidated Smelters, largely controlled by the Canadian Pacific Railway, optioned remote properties in northern Saskatchewan and now has come the official announcement of a programme of northern railway expansion, to an extent which would, one fancies, cause some of the early directors to turn in their graves.
Whatever else may be said about the programme, which, it is announced, is to be submitted to parliament, it certainly does not lack vision. There are at least three tremendous lines under consideration. One line is to run from Prince Albert, which city, by the way, seems to be playing a large part in the northern picture, as far as Lac La Biche on the Alberta and Croat Waterways line, recently sold to the two railways by the Alberta government. Another line is to go from Prince Albert to Foster Lakes, which are over 200 miles due north of that city, presumably the scene of the Consolidated Smelters option. The third major project is the line from Nipawin to Island Falls, the scene of the Flin Flon company’s power development on the Churchill River, and the assumption is that this road may ultimately be extended by way of Reindeer Lake to tap the Hudson Bay line, although officials state this is not immediately contemplated. Any one of these projects before the war would have bulked almost as largely in the public imagination as the construction of the National Transcontinental.
Substituting Crucifixes for Bibles
The following article appears in a recent issue of The Sentinel, under the heading, “Crucifix
Substituted for the Scriptures in Courts of Quebec”:
Quebec City.—In British courts perjury consists of taking a false oath and kissing the Bible. Now it is proposed to banish the Bible from the courts of Quebec and substitute the crucifix.
That exalts a “graven image” above the Scriptures, and according to the Ten Commandments constitutes idolatry.
It is said that that is the practice in Italy. But this is not Italy. But this is Canada, a part of the British Empire, and to introduce an Italian custom savoring of idolatry is repugnant to the British tradition.
We are told by the Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph that this innovation is aimed at “eliminating perjury.” It may be that it will have that effect with Roman Catholic 'witnesses. It is, therefore, a severe reflection upon the truthfulness of Freneh-Canadians. Here is the story, as told in the Quebec ChronicleTelegraph of a recent issue:
“Crucifixes will be installed in the various court rooms in the Court House if a proposal which will come before the House meets with the approval of the members. At present witnesses take the oath on the Testament, but the innovation would oblige them, if the court so wished, to take the oath before the figure of Christ. The custom exists in Italy and certain parts of France and is aimed at eliminating perjury before the courts. The proposal has the approval of Sir Francois Lemieux, judge in chief of the Superior Court.”
The Grip of the Tyrant
To show further the mighty grip of the Boman Catholic church over the province of Quebec, the same paper contains the following:
Quebec. Feb. 1.—Premier Taschereau has introduced a bill in the Legislature that shows how firmly the Church rides the Government of the Province. If it passes, as no doubt it will, no Protestant will be safe in buying real estate from a Roman Catholic. It is proposed to put church liens on the property of Roman Catholics, and not have them registered. So there will be no way of finding out whether any piece of real property is free from such encumbrance.
The bill is to amend what is known as the Parish and Fabrique Act, which empowers the Roman Catholic fabriques or vestry boards to carry out any church work considered necessary and to assess Roman Catholic properties in the parish by special tax. The -wording of article 69 is: “The amount of any assessment on any land to defray the expenses of the construction or repair of any church, sacristy, parsonage or cemetery shall be the first charge on such land, and the first privileged debt affecting and binding the said land, without its being necessary to register the act of assessment or the judgment of confirmation in any registry office. ’ ’
It is now proposed to add the following to this section :
“And such land shall remain subject to such assessment and affected by such privilege when it afterwards becomes the property of a corporation or of any person not professing the Roman Catholic religion. ’ ’
It will not be safe to take a mortgage on' the property of Roman Catholics, for the church may come along and place a lien on it after the mortgage is made, and the demands of the church override the rights of the mortgagee. It is an astounding piece of legislation that would be impossible in any but a thoroughly priest-ridden country.
In brief, the change will mean that, if a Protestant buys a Catholic’s property, on which the church virtually has a mortgage, the Protestant will have to discharge that mortgage just as he would an ordinary mortgage held, say, by a trust company.
The effect of the change is the principal basis of discussion here. General opinion is that Roman Catholics will be harder hit than the non-Catholies, and general opinion, too, is that the raison d’etre of the Premier’s move is the inclination of some Catholics to unload much of their property when church taxes are created through the action of vestry boards in incurring expenses either for church construction or repairs. Reduction in Catholic taxable properties, of course, embarrasses the parish authorities in their financing.
Real estate men foresee that Catholics will have to take low prices for their proper-ties if church liens are on them.. They say non-Catholics may be expected to offer only the market value of the property, minus the total of the church taxes capitalized.
Fire Losses
During the year 1928 the fire losses in Canada reached the immense total of $301,267,500, which is roughly $150 for every household in the country. This is a tax on the wealth of the Dominion which yields no returns at all to those who pay it. The total loss is distributed over a great part of the citizen body by insurance, but insurance does not reduce by one penny the economic waste.
While the record for that year looks pretty bad, it was an improvement on the year previous, when fire losses totaled $320,595,600.
Soy Beans
Farmers generally will be interested in the following item, which appeared in a recent issue of the Family Herald;
Among the new crops that are likely to find a place in southern Canada in the near future, the soy bean is prominent. It has been tried for a period of years at the Agricultural College, Guelph, with such satisfactory results that more extensive planting is recommended by the Field Husbandry experts.
The soy bean has a remarkable number of uses, chief of which are as forage, ensilage and nitrogenous fertilizer. As a food for man in Asiatic countries the soy bean ranks second only to rice, and for the white race it provides green beans for the table, or canning, dried beans for soups and baked beans, and a vegetable milk which provides casein, confections, milk powder, condensed milk and cheese. The oil extracted by expression or by the use of solvents is enormously in. demand for the manufacture of soap, paints and varnishes, linoleum, water-proof goods, robber substitutes and celluloid.
By scientific selection and propagation, a special variety has been developed, which is adapted to the climate of the southwestern peninsula of Ontario and similar climatic conditions elsewhere in Canada. It is stated that this variety, registered with the Canadian Seed Growers’ Association as O.A.C. No. 211, yields nearly eight tons of green crop to the acre, and nearly twenty-four bushels of seed, as compared with an average yield of fifteen bushels of seed in Manchuria, fifteen in the northern sections of the United States, thirty in North Carolina, and forty in the cotton belt, all of which points to a promising future for this crop.
Tree Planting and Reforestation
Natural Resources (Ottawa) contains this interesting item:
The tree planting division of the forest service, department of the interior, reports that there are now about 55,000 flourishing plantations scattered over the Canadian prairies where in former times one could travel for miles without seeing a tree. Besides affording shelter for homesteads and crops and preventing soil-drifting, these plantations have made it possible to establish orchards, vegetable gardens, and plantings of bush fruits such as raspberries and currants, all of which were practically unknown on the prairies a few years ago.
Speaking upon reforestation The Daily Province states editorially:
There is scarcely any subject that is of more importance to Canada at the present time than that of reforestation. We have many square miles of forests
JraE 20'1929 The qOLDEN AQE 017
of pulpwood, for instance, but on a little reflection of the right kind of timber?” The answer of a Yan
as to the number of trees that go to the making of one of the big rolls of paper daily swallowed by the rapid presses, the necessity of preparing for the future is emphasized.
In a booklet issued by the Canadian Pulpwood Association, whose headquarters is at Halifax, Dr. Clifton D. Howe, dean of the Faculty of Forestry', University of Toronto, is quoted as saying that “Canada owns young forests of over fifty million acres, which, under rigid protection and wise administration, will supply Canada with adequate timber to cover’ future needs.” In the booklet in question Mr. Reuben B. Robertson asks; “How are we to obtain fast growth couver man practically acquainted with the logging industry both in Eastern and Western Canada is, in short, “Go to Germany.” And he goes on to say that this is not to be taken as being equivalent to the English saying “Go to Jericho,” but is essentially the thing we must do. He remarks that some years before the war Germany made systematic and meticulous enquiries in Oritaria as to how our schools were managed, and that if we did the same thing with regard to the way in which Germany protects her more limited forests, and further pursued our investigations in Norway and Sweden we should get side-lights on the subject that would be exceedingly valuable.
Some Items Regarding Modern Radio
RADIO in general with all other fields of endeavor is and has been undergoing great changes in development toward perfection. It was but a few years ago when a small crystal radio receiving set was considered all that was necessary to hear a radio program. From" the humble beginning of a cheap crystal set the average radio fan has gradually evolved to the single vacuum tube regenerative set, then to the regenerative detector plus audio amplifier set, and then finally, after emerging from other stages of development, he is today not satisfied unless he can own a complete outfit incorporating a radio frequency amplifier, detector, audio frequency amplifier, and power loudspeaker. Whereas the early one-tube outfits emitted a conglomeration of sounds into the ears of the listener wearing a bungles ome headset, today he sits quietly by an improved type of loudspeaker and enjoys the voluminous sounds issuing therefrom.
It is the purpose of this brief^article to survey the field of present tendencies in receiving set design, and, perchance, to forecast what the up-to-date radio set of the future possibly will be. In doing so I wish to emphasize the fact that the fundamental principles of radio reception are established and no great radical changes need to be expected soon. The general improvements will come along the line of refinement of various small details, the sum total of which will go to make up a radio set of superior quality. Radio receivers today are standardized and stabilized and are in much the same stage of development as the automobile. Therefore no Receiver Designs By Ralph II. Leffler one needs to hesitate to invest in a good radio set, thinking that in a year or so it will be obsolete and the money spent wasted. There is no more danger in that respect than in buying an auto. Of course improvements will come, not only in radio but in auto designs and in everything else w’Oith while. But why wait for perfection before enjoying the benefits of modern invention ?
An up-to-date receiving set can be considered one which is • operated entirely from the light socket and is, therefore, batteryless. It is selfcontained in every respect, from antenna to loudspeaker. Moreover, it has but one tuning control and can be operated by any one, from the youngest to the oldest in the family, and is practically fool-proof. The quality of sound output from the loudspeaker can be considered very good, especially so when making direct comparison with the sound output from the old type of horn speaker of but a few years ago.
The up-to-date radio set of the future will incorporate all the good features of present sets, but will include many more. Engineers and designers now working upon new models are talking about such contrivances as band pass selectors, flat radio frequency amplifiers, and single stage audio amplifiers. All the highest quality sets will use an improved type of loudspeaker, probably of the dynamic type; or perhaps some new principle of speaker operation will be discovered and that be used instead. Already there is a marked activity toward developing the electrostatic type of speaker, one which, inherently, should give excellent quality.
The trend in design for future sets is to separate the tuning or selecting portion of the set from the amplifying portions, instead of tuning ’and amplifying simultaneously as is now done in practically all sets. Further, in the amplifying portion of the set, the radio frequency amplifiers are being completely isolated from the audio frequency amplifiers and other portions of the receiver. Some designers are concentrating upon flat radio frequency amplification instead of the old type of separately tuned stages.
Let us see just what is meant by “band pass selectors” and “flat amplifiers”. As is well known, the broadcasting spectrum being used in the United States at the present time occupies a band of frequencies from 550 kilocycles to 1500 kilocycles. That is, all the broadcasting stations must operate upon some one carrier wave frequency assigned to it between those two limits. Take, for an example, a broadcast station such as WORD, which is at present oper-acting upon a carrier wave frequency of 1480 kilocycles. Now, in the present system of modulation used at all broadcasting stations, when this carrier of 1480 kilocycles is modulated the frequency radiated into space is no longer a single frequency of 1480 kilocycles, but, instead, a band of frequencies is radiated. The width of this band of frequencies depends upon the perfection of design of the audio amplifier equipment at the station associated with the modulator. In general, a good audio amplifier will amplify practically all frequencies an equal amount from 50 to 5000 cycles per second. When this band of audio frequencies from 50 to 5000 cycles per second is caused to modulate the carrier wave, the band width of the carrier wave becomes 1480 kilocycles minus 5000 to 1480 kilocycles plus 5000. That is, the total width is 10,000 with the carrier frequency at the center of the band. At the receiving set, in order to obtain the good quality of reception desired it is necessary to receive this entire band width without any discrimination between the frequencies within that band width. The purpose of the new band pass selectors which radio fans will be hearing about shortly is solely for that purpose, and thus to improve the quality of reception and at the same time markedly increase the selectivity.
The band pass selector is a complicated arrangement of inductors, variable condensers, and resistors, so connected in circuit that the frequency response is a wide band of frequencies, instead of a narrow band as in the old method of tuning. Also, this same arrangement used in the band pass selector produces a far more marked degree of discrimination against the interfering station. Stated differently, the receiver is more selective. Technically, this is stated that the resonance curve has a flat top and steep slopes. The flat top of the resonance curve permits the reception of a wide band of frequencies, taking in the low as well as the high of the audio spectrum, while the steep slope of the curve introduces a sharp discrimination between stations operating upon adjacent wave channels.
The “flat” radio frequency amplifier is an amplifier so designed that it will amplify practically all the carrier wave frequencies in the broadcast spectrum an equal amount. It has no tuning devices associated with the various stages of amplification, and, therefore, can not discriminate between the various stations. Such an amplifier by itself would be useless. Should an antenna be directly connected to such a “flat” amplifier and then detected, the resultant sound output would be a conglomerate mixture of all the broadcasting stations on the air at the same time; that is, it would be entirely minus any selectivity. However, as soon as a band pass selector is connected between the antenna and the amplifier, the situation becomes entirely different, the various broadcast stations on the air at the time are nicely separated into their respective channels, and order reigns once more.
The flat audio amplifier is merely one which is so designed that it will amplify all the important frequencies of the audio spectrum from the lowest to the highest. It is understood that while both the aforementioned flat amplifiers are designed to amplify a wide band of frequencies an equal amount, the one type has to do with radio frequencies only, while the other has to do with audio frequencies only. Both types must be used in the same receiving set at the same time. The radio frequencies are those far above audibility, while the audio frequencies are those within the range of hearing.
The modern receiving set, as well as those of the future, is designed to operate efficiently over the entire broadcast band from 200 meters to 550 meters. There are many receiving sets of the older types in use at the present time that can not tune down to some of the broadcast stations operating on the lower wave lengths. Also, these older types of sets do not possess the selectivity nor the quality of amplification as do the more modern sets. It is not practicable nor advisable for the average radio fan, even though he is somewhat acquainted with the fundamental principles involved, to attempt to modify his set to incorporate some of the late improvements. The proper design of receiving sets is a task requiring scientific and engineering skill together with a mass of measuring instruments found in well-equipped laboratories only. For the owner of a receiving set to try to make the modifications himself, unless he is experienced, would simply spell failure. However, to modify an old type of set so as to be able to tune down to stations operating near 200 meters is not such a difficult undertaking but that a radiotrician can perform it with success. This modification simply involves the removal of a few turns of wire from the radio tuning inductance, the number of turns to be removed being governed of course by the range and type of set in question.
It is strongly advised that many of our readers who are unable to hear some of the good stations operating upon the lower wave lengths because their receiving sets will not tune down that low, have their receivers modified by a competent radiotrician. The cost of such a modification on the average type of old set should not be prohibitive.
The radio set of the future will probably be one which will be entirely invisible so far as the listener is concerned. That is, it will be housed in a cheap box and placed in some out-of-the-way corner in the basement or closet. The tuning and complete controlling of the set will be performed from a small portable box, which can, if necessary, be used in any room in the house. The loudspeaker, too, possibly, will be entirely invisible, and the sweet strains from some Stradivarius will be made to issue forth from any room desired. Already the automatic receiver is here and growing steadily in popularity. When television has been developed to a practical stage, then, undoubtedly, the radio receiving set will be combined with the television apparatus in such a way that it will be possible not only to hear some celebrities at a distant point, but to see them as w’ell.
Wonderful, indeed, are the visions of the New Day which is now dawning!
The Call of the Wheat.Fields By Wesley Ray
(A glimpse at one of the country’s biggest industries, where a great army of workers are employed.)
IN JULY the wheat harvest of the nation is in full swing. Unaided and alone, the farmers and permanent laborers could harvest but a fraction of the annual crop. This means that tens of thousands of laborers must be marshaled and assembled at the right place at the proper time. Otherwise, disaster and bankruptcy would face the wheat farmers, followed by starvation on the part of the consumers.
People living in towns and cities can not grasp the magnitude of the farmers’ task in feeding them.
How many furrows are turned, how many swaths of grain are harvested, how many'bundles are bound and shocked! How the threshingmachines hum for long, weary hours each day, all that the world may have its daily bread for which it prays! These are facts about which the average person knows but little.
A wonderful story, full of romance, lies back of the annual wheat harvest. In July, for instance, the great army of the western wheatfields, battling to garner the golden grain, outnumber by far the entire peace-time strength of the U. S. army. But instead of being an army of destruction and desolation, this is an army of peace and prosperity!
Wheat farming in the Middle West, the North and the Northwest is a race between frost and frost. As soon as the thaw starts in the spring, men begin to flock to the wheat country. They come from the prairie towns. They come east and west from the lumber camps and sawmills. Some are homesteaders, men with little places of their own too small to support them all winter. Others are “hired” men wffio go back like the robins.
At every prairie station you can see them, dressed either in the canvass and fleeced coats of the plains or in the mackinaws of the woods, tumbling off the trains. Good fellows they are, lean, clean-shaven, humorous and game for anything. They toss their duffle into buckboards, cutters, sleighs or bob-sleds and are lost in the immense stretches that they are to aid presently in clothing with crops and will later strip bare as they found them. This is the first army that goes out.
The second army has answered the call, and this second army is none different except there are raw youngsters from eastern towns and cities out to earn bumper wages, men out of work, peasants from Europe, men who have been defeated in life’s struggle, others who are at the threshold looking into the future for the satisfaction of their desires. Then there are the young men, eager for adventure, eager to earn money with which to pay their way through college.
All of these are crowded into clamorous excursion trains. The prairie towns contribute a few loafers whom necessity has driven to work; and there is a liberal sprinkling of the genus “hobo”, anxious to pick up enough money to clear out and beat it down into Florida or California before winter sets in!
Every hand is needed, and there are few questions asked. Saints, criminals, tramps, college professors, students, Swedes, Norwegians, Danes—all classes are now toiling beneath a torrid sun in the wheat fields. Who they are matters not with the landlord. His only thought is to get his grain on the market. As long as they can stand the trying ordeal they are sitting “purty”.
But for the myriads of migrant laborers who have but precious little of this world’s goods, the wheat would decay on the stalk. What these men do between harvests no one seems to know and nobody cares. Where they live, how they obtain food and shelter, what comforts and contentments are theirs—no one is concerned, not even our government!
The call goes out only when their arms and backs are needed. From Kansas, Nebraska, the Dakotas, Manitoba, Minnesota, Oregon and Washington comes the harvest call, which is answered by a motley throng from the four points of the compass. They arrive on brake-beams, flivver hobos, gentlemen—a wide and strange assortment of male humanity appears in the ranks of the harvest army. These men are the leading characters in our annual wheat drama.
Language of the Underworld
THE London Daily Express, under a Chicago date-line, gives a., report of a gunman’s funeral in that city, as it appeared in a local paper, and then it is good enough also to provide a translation without which it would be as unintelligible in this country as in Britain.
Eddie “Stormy” Whitehouse, gunman leader of the East Side liquor gang, was buried this afternoon in a silver and aluminum casket that cost seven grand.
He was the twenty-sixth mobster to get it put on him for keeps within the last six months. “Stormy” went out with his heat in his hands, fogging away. His heat jammed, and “Ribs” Cartwright, fast Tommy man of the Lefty Brown gang, sprinkled him.
More than fifty thousand persons turned out to the funeral. “Stormy’s” flat, on East Division Street, in the “Blackbelt,” was filled with half a dozen bigtime mouthpieces, a judge, three ex-judges, a high police official, and a dozen' millionaire bootleggers. A bunch of cheap chislers, soft-song and stickup men, and booze hijackers, horned in for the free drinks. An orchestra was hidden behind a screen of flowers. A crowd of wise-dolls, most of them well-stewed, wept on the shoulders of their good guns.
Translation
“Grand”—$1,000 or 200 guineas.
‘ ‘ Put on him for keeps ’ ’—Killed.
“Went out with his heat in his hands”—Slain while armed with automatic revolvers.
“Fogging away”—Shooting to kill.
“Tommy man”—Expert in the use of a Thompson machine gun.
“Sprinkled him”—Filled with machine-gun bullets.
‘ ‘ Mouthpieces ’ ’—Criminal lawyers.
“Chislers”—Users of old-fashioned drills on safes.
‘ ‘ Soft-song men ’ ’—Confidence men.
“Hijackers”—Bandits who waylay loads of bootleg liquor, kill the driver, and steal the contraband.
“Horned-in”—Not invited.
“Wise-dolls”—Girls of the Chicago underworld.
“Good guns”—Their gunmen accomplices.
Foods that Produce Acids or Alkalies in the Body By A. C. Ward, M.D.
(Selected from lists prepared by Sherman and Gettler)
INCE an increase in the acidity of the body many diseases, this table of foods that increase 1 is recognized as a factor in the causation of or decrease body acidity will be found of value,.
ACID-PRODUCING FOODS ALKALI-PRODUCING FOODS
Bread Corn Cranberries Egg whites Fish, haddock Meat, beef, lean. Meat, frog Meat, rabbit Oysters Peanuts Rice
Bread, whole wheat Crackers
Eggs
Egg yolk
Fish, pike
Meat, chicken
Meat, pork, lean
Meat, veal
Oatmeal
Prunes
Almonds Asparagus Beans, dried Beets
Carrots
Celery
Currants, dried Lettuce Muskmelon Peaches Potatoes Raisins
Apples
Bananas
Beans, lima, dried
Cabbage Cauliflower .
Chestnuts ’
Lemons
Milk, cow’s
Oranges
Pears, dried
Radishes
Turnips
Too Many Half-baked Surgeons
THE Western Medical Times, of Denver, goes after a subject that most of us would not dare to say anything about when it delivers itself editorially of the following remarks:
We who have had to deal with vital statistics, mortality tables in particular, know whereof we speak when we say that too many of our graduates of today are entering specialties too young and before acquiring that thing called judgment. They have many deaths because of the lack of this attribute. Particularly is this true of the young surgeon who has entered surgery without any actual general practice. But because of the high cost of medical education the young man of today cannot spend many years trying to work up a general practice, which, as a rule, does not afford great profits. He must get into work that pays, and for some unknown reason specialties pay better than general practice; so, without having the advantages that accrue from general work and which makes the finished physician in the ultimate end, they become dollar hunters rather than doctors. Humanity suffers and dies because of this, and those who would improve conditions through their higher requirements sit by and wonder why.
“A Parable on Disarmament” From Social Friends
JN A public address recently, Winston Churchill, England's “Roosevelt”, told the following parable:
“Once upon a time,” he said, “all the animals in the Zoo decided they would disarm, and they arranged to hold a conference to decide the matter. The rhinoceros said that the use of teeth in war was barbarous and horrible, and ought strictly to be prohibited by general consent. Horns, which were mainly defensive weapons, would, of course, have to be allowed. The buffalo, stag and porcupine, and even the little hedgehog, said they would vote with the rhino; but the lion and the tiger took a different view. They defended teeth, and even claws, which they described as honorable weapons of immemorial antiquity.
“The leopard, puma, and the whole tribe of small cats all supported the lion and the tiger. [Laughter] Then the bear spoke. He proposed that both teeth and horns should be banned and never used again for fighting by any animal. It would be quite enough if animals were allowed to give each other a good hug when they quarreled. No one could object to that. [Laughter] It is so fraternal and would be a great step toward peace. [Laughter]
“However, all the other animals were offended with the bear, and they fell into a perfect panic. [Laughter] The discussion got so hot and angry, and all those animals began thinking so much about horns and teeth and hugging when they argued about the peaceful intentions that brought them together that they began to look at one another in a very nasty way. [Laughter] Luckily the keepers were able to calm them down and persuade them to go back quietly to their cages, and they began to feel quite friendly with one another again.”
Bible Questions and Answers
UESTION: Please explain the various scriptures which seem to contradict the testimony of our Lord that “No man hath seen God at any time”.
Answer: We may be sure that our Lord told the exact truth, and that every statement seemingly in conflict with it is susceptible of an explanation which will appeal to the child of God, even though in the age of unbelief in which we live it may be less satisfactory to those whose hearts are still hardened.
Not only did Jesus himself say that “No man hath seen God at any time”, (John 1:18) but Paul also said of God that He is the One “whom no man hath seen nor can see” (1 Tim. 6:16), and God himself said to Moses, “Thou canst not see my face: for there shall no man see me, and live.” (Ex. 33: 20) This testimony is all that we need on the one side of this question. The only problem is to straighten out the passages which the critics of the Bible either do not understand or do not wish to understand: often the latter.
The first instance cited against the above scriptures is that in Genesis 32: 30 “Jacob called the name of the place Peniel: for I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved”. The explanation is that Jacob wrestled with an angel, commissioned by God to speak in TIis name. The angel refused to give his own name, desiring that the praise should be given to God. For self-evident proof that this was an angel of God that wrestled with Jacob, and not God himself, sec verses 1, 24, 28 and 29 of this same chapter.
The second instance cited is in Exodus 3:6, at the burning bush, where one said to Moses, “I am the God of thy father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. And Moses hid his face: for he was afraid to look upon God.” If the critics would only take the trouble to even read the book they are trying' to criticize, let alone study it, they would find that only four verses previous it states in so many words that the one who said this was an angel, a messenger of God, and certainly therefore not God himself, even though fully authorized to speak in His name.
The third instance is in the same book, Exodus 24: 9-11, “Then went up Moses, and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel: and they saw the God of Israel: and there was under his feet as it were a paved work of a sapphire stone, and as it were the body of heaven in his clearness. And upon the nobles of the children of Israel he laid not his hand: also they saw God and did eat and drink.” This is to be understood as the second instance. It was the same angel, evidently our Lord Jesus in his prehuman estate, the Logos, playing the same great part.
The fourth instance is in Exodus 33:<11, “And the Lord spake unto Moses face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend.” Again we have to find fault with the critics of the Bible that in their haste they do not even give these passages a decent reading. All they would have to do is to read the account and find (in the thirteenth and eighteenth verses of this same chapter) Moses pleading that he might see the face of the one with whom he had conversed so freely, and find (in the twentieth verse) the answer, “Thou canst not see my face: for there shall no man see me, and live.”
A man might be face to face with a spirit being': the man’s face would be perfectly visible to the spirit being, but the man with his feebler powers of vision would not be able to behold the face of the other. That this is the true explanation is seen in Elisha’s prayer for his servant, that his eyes might be opened so that he could, miraculously, see the heavenly defenders about them on all sides. The more the Bible is criticized, the brighter it shines.
That angels have many times been authorized to bear Jehovah’s name and to act for him is shown by the following scriptures: Gen. 16: 7-13; 19:15, 16, 21, 22, 24, 25; 31:11, 13; 32: 28, 30; Ex. 3: 2, 4, 6; 4:15; 12: 51; 23: 20-22; Num. 20:16; Judg. 2:1-4; 6:12-24; 13:3-22; Isa. 63:9; Hos. 12:4, 5; Zech. 3:1, 2; Luke 2:9; Acts 7: 30-35, 38, 53; Gal. 3:19; Heb. 2:2.
Is “Sodium Aluminum Sulphate” Alum? By Dr. Chas, T. Betts ' An Opinion
TV/TUCH stress has recently been placed upon •*-'-1. t,he above question by the manufacturers of various baking powders. Makers of tartrate baking powders claim that sodium aluminum sulphate is common alum. Manufacturers of alum baking powders claim that such products are not made of alum but from a substance called sodium aluminum sulphate. Alum is claimed to be a corrosive poison by many scientific authorities throughout the world; so a very important question is here raised, because sodium aluminum sulphate is extensively used in the manufacture of alum baking powders. And so, if sodium aluminum sulphate is alum and alum is a recognized corrosive poison, it is the writer’s opinion that some changes should be promptly made in the wording of our pure food laws, in order that the health of the nation may be safeguarded.
The above question was brought before our Federal Trade Commission in a recent case and the federal examiner for this particular case heard quite a number of prominent scientists who gave testimony. After a complete hearing, which extended over a number of years, he came to the following conclusion regarding the above question, which apparently was the crux of the whole case. The examiner’s report is as follows:
The question, “Is ‘sodium aluminum sulphate’ alum?” by the overwhelming preponderance of the evidence must be answered in the affirmative. I therefore find that:
Sodium aluminum sulphate is “alum” and is commonly so called. To use the term “alum” without qualification to mean SAS (sodium aluminum sulphate) in connection with baking powder is not misleading. To say that it is not alum may be misleading.
Many scientists have made statements or expressed opinions that sodium aluminum sulphate, or alum, is a powerful poison. It is sufficiently so to cause death if taken by mouth. It has been stated in this case by Dr. Harry Gideon Wells, pathologist of the University of Chicago, that there are cases of record in the literature of death following the taking of one ounce or approximately 30 grams of the drug. It may be of interest to the reader to know what is the opinion of one of the nation’s most prominent medical authorities regarding alum as a poison to the human anatomy. The following was given
under oath before the Federal Trade Commission’s Examiner, Edward M. Averill, by Dr. Victor Vaughan, for thirty years dean of the Medical Department of the University of Michigan :
A poison is a substance of a definite chemical composition, which by virtue of its constitution is capable, when brought in contact, with the tissues of the body, of modifying the cellular activity of one or more organs to such an extent as to impair health and possibly to destroy life.
Practically, alum is the only salt of aluminum from which poisonous effects arc likely to result. This is true merely because alum is the only soluble salt of aluminum that is widely used. All salts of aluminum are poisonous when injected subcutaneously or intravenously.
The researches of Siem, confirmed by those of Doel-ken, have demonstrated that the lesions induced by the subcutaneous administration of salts of aluminum are extensive and serious. In animals they found the lesions of “metallic kidney” and fatty changes in the anterior horns of the spinal cord. . . .
Many poisons, especially those administered by the alimentary canal (and this is true of metallic poisons as well as of many others), are absorbed into the circulation. In fact, they must be absorbed before they can act as systemic poisons. Perfectly insoluble substances, of course, would not be absorbed. Even metallic arsenic is not a poison until it is converted into the oxide. Metallic copper is not a poison unless it is finely divided, in which case it may be digested with the gastric juice. , . .
The point I want to make is this, that if you could prove that every particle, iota, of this substance (alum), administered by mouth, is eliminated by the feces, through the feces, or with the feces, it would not show that it had not poisoned the animal. A man may die from arsenical poison, and after his death no arsenic be found in his body. The poisoning is accomplished while this substance is traveling around. Then the tendency of the blood is to eliminate, in part at least, all poisons, into the alimentary canal; that is the way of getting rid of it; and the same thing is true of typhoid bacilli, and of various other poisons.
Development of Use of Aluminum Compounds
Some fifty years ago manufacturers, in their efforts to find a cheap substitute for cream of tartar, began to use burnt alum in baking powders. On account of their comparative cheapness and since they were indistinguishable in appearance from cream of tartar baking powders, the 023
alum mixtures were sold in considerable quantities.
THE TEACHERS OF THE PEOPLE
Shortly after their introduction, the makers of cream of tartar baking powders began to publish advertisements warning the public against the use of alum. Their statements were supported by the investigations that had been made in England on the adulteration of bread flour with alum, where it was used to conceal inferior grades of flour and to enable bakers to make a better-looking bread from low-grade flours than would otherwise be possible. Within a few years physiological experiments were undertaken by the most eminent scientists available at that time which confirmed prevailing opinions as to the injurious character of the aluminum compounds introduced into food through the use of baking powders containing alum. The makers of cream of tartar baking powders continued to publish the results of such experiments and opinions based upon them.
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