Golden Age, March 20, 1929
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(rhe Golden Age
A JOURNAL OF FACT HOPE AND. COURAGE
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LIBERTY TO PREACH
CARING FOR WORK-SEEKERS
THE “SPORT” OF HUNTING
THE EHRET SYSTEM
GREED AND GEOGRAPHY
TO HIS GLORY
lecture broadcast by Judge Rutherford
EVERY OTHER WED N E S D A Y —..... ' nr,.,.,.. ■
5c a copy - $1.00 a year - Canada & Foreign $ 1.50
Volume X-No.248 March 20, 192 9
Contents
...........=:-::.K^CT . ----------------------------'• rr—r-~uKM
Labor and Economics
Treatment of Work-Seekers in Denmark aid in Britain . . « 306
Social and Educational News of the Day .
Manufacturing and Mining: Electric Power in Canada .
Finance—Commerce—Transportation Agreement in Restraint of Trade
Liberty to Preach
Political—Domestic and I'oueign Events in Canada
The Louvain Altar-Piece . . . '
An Average American
Service Charges Still at h
What Is Patriotism?
Agriculture and Husbandry The “Sport” of Hunting
Synthetic Manure
Science and Invention A Few Paragraphs About X-Rays . . . . ’
Home and Health
The Ehret System of Elimination
Who Are the Competents?
Discontinued Making Aluminum Ware
Off Aluminum for Life . .
Travel and Miscellany Greed and Geography . .
A Disillusioned Hero
Religion and Philosophy Doctor Goke’s New Commentary
The Pope Blesses Australia
Salvation Anny's Forty-three Millions ..........
De Haan’s Persimmon ............. . . . 4f>5
To His Glory ......
Bible Questions and Answers
The Children’s Own Kadio Story
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Golden Age
Volume X Brooklyn, N. Y., Wednesday, March 20, 1929 Number 241
Liberty to Preach
BECAUSE of the repeated attempts made by clergymen, and by police officers acting under instruction, to prevent the preaching of the Gospel of God’s kingdom under Christ as earth’s rightful Ruler, it is deemed advisable to set out the following:
Every consecrated and anointed Christian is divinely authorized and empowered to preach the Gospel. By that is meant he has the right to exercise his religious liberty because God has so ordained such a one to preach. In His law it is written: “The Spirit of the Lord God is upon me; because the Lord hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek: he hath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound; to proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord, and the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all that mourn.”—Isa. 61:1, 2.
The work of a Christian acting under this divine authority is charitable, benevolent, beneficial and of necessity because its purpose and effort is to teach, aid and comfort humanity. It is not carried on for a selfish purpose or a pecuniary profit.
In the United States every Christian has full liberty to preach the Gospel in any manner he may choose, because the fundamental law of the land guarantees that right. The first amendment to the Constitution of the United States reads:
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
No one has the right or legal authority to interfere with or interrupt the exercise of one’s religion or the worship of God according to the dictates of his own conscience. No state, city, town, village or other municipality or body cor-
By Judge J. F. Rutherford
porate has any legal power or authority to enact and enforce a law or an ordinance that is contrary to the provision of the Constitution of the United States as above set forth.
Facts
The International Bible Students Association is an organization of Christian people, who have consecrated and devoted themselves to the service of God. They exercise and practise pure and undefiled religion as set forth in the Bible, which is the Word of God. The exercise by them of that religious faith as set forth in the Bible is not for selfish purposes. It is to glorify God and to do good to humanity. They do not seek to make money out of the practice of religion. They follow some honorable employment or avocation to provide the things decent and honest for themselves and families in the sight of God and man. The exercise of their religion in serving God is a divinely-given privilege and duty as each one so believes. Each one who is devoted to God and to His cause of righteousness takes advantage of such opportunities as he may have to tell others about the gracious plan of God for the blessing of the people. The organization known as the International Bible Students Association is charitable, benevolent and beneficial because seeking only the good of others in the name of the Lord.
In America and in many other countries of the world, Sunday is the day set aside and intended to be devoted to the service of God. The method of exercising their religious belief and freedom on Sunday and other days, as adopted and used by the Bible Students, is in the following manner, to wit: When possible on weekdays, and on Sunday mornings as a rule, these Christian Bible Students carry with them books and booklets containing printed sermons or discourses which explain and give instruction on the Bible. With these they go from house to
A me and respectfully call upon the persons C a ling in the houses and politely speak to 1 1 m something in this manner:
ike some of these I shall be pleased to leave them Sunday
dlany people are now studying their Bibles in their I1 mcs. The radio has helped them greatly in this. To t'lUther aid the people to understand the Bible, I am ,'liilmg on you to show you a splendid method to ob-( un a knowledge of the Bible. This is our method 'li preaching the Gospel. You have a Bible, of course. 1 Love here a number of sermons or discourses exI jilaining the Bible, and with these you can sit in your i|Ome and get a knowledge of God’s Word without । ' 10 necessity of going to some public gathering. Instead of taking up a collection as the churches do, e bring you these discourses in book form and wo ke only a nominal sum for the same to cover the ,'ost of production and delivery in order that we may unit more and take them to the people. If you would " ith you. You will derive much comfort and benefit i lorn them as you see how God will soon relieve the Kople from oppression and bless them with liberty uid happiness.
.1; If there are several persons in the same neigh-iborhood who are interested in the study of the ■Bible, the one calling with the book's will arrange a, meeting in some home and show those who at-icnd how to adopt a systematic study of the ■Bible. The entire work is for the benefit of the people. There is no atterilpt to induce any one do join any organization. Whether the persons called upon are Catholic or Protestant, Jew or iGentile, it is the pleasure of the Bible Students to aid them all to understand the Bible.
: No one of the Bible Students is engaged in ! the selling of books as a business and for the purpose of making a livelihood out of the same.
। Were it not for the opportunity of thus exercising their religious freedom in teaching the people concerning God’s plan, they would not engage in it for one moment.
Ordinances
Many towns and cities have enacted ordinances to regulate the selling of goods, wares and merchandise from door to door, defining and regulating soliciting, peddling, etc. Some of these ordinances are made specifically applicable to Sunday. Samples of such ordinances are set out, to wit:
No person shall on Sunda,y labor at any trade or calling, or employ others in labor or other business except it be in the ordinary household offices of daily necessity or any other work of necessity or charity.
It shall be unlawful to sell on the streets or from house to house by Canvassing, selling and delivering any other articles, goods or merchandise of any kind, including novelties of every kind and description.
That from and after the passage of this act, no person or persons shall sell or expose for sale within the county as a hawker, peddler or travelling merchant, any foreign or domestic goods, wares or merchandise, etc.
Every person who shall do or require any employee to do any secular business or labor except works of necessity or mercy; or unless required by necessity or mercy to keep open any shop, warehouse or manufacturing or mechanical establishment, or sell or expose for sale any goods, wares or merchandise.
All manner of public selling or offering for sale of any property on Sunday is prohibited, except as follows: [The exceptions refer to selling of food and other things of necessity.]
By common consent of the people the first day of the week, called Sunday, is set aside for rest and the practice of religion. The law of the United States and. of every state recognizes this. No law can be passed, of course, compelling the practice of religion on Sunday; but the laws protect any one exercising his religion on Sunday in the manner chosen by the one so exercising, provided the exercising thereof does not disturb the public peace. The work of religious organizations is deemed charitable and benevolent and of necessity within the meaning of the law. In prohibiting labor on Sunday and the sale of goods, wares and merchandise on Sunday, the law makes exceptions to labor of necessity and charity and the sale of necessities and the practice of religion. In consideration of what is embraced within the term charity, the Supreme Court of Massachusetts said:
In considering what is lawful or fit to be done on the Lord’s Day, “charity” must include everything which proceeds from a sense of moral duty or a feeling of kindness and humanity and is intended wholly for the purpose of relief or comfort of another and not for one’s own benefit or pleasure. (13 Mass. 32350, 351; 117 Mass. 65 ■ 8 Am. Rep. 366)
In Allen vs. Duffie, Supreme Court of Michigan (38 Am. Rep. 139), it is said:
We shall Avastc no time upon the question whether the business done in taking the subscriptions was a work of necessity. No doubt the time chosen was the most convenient time for taking up the subscriptions, because the persons concerned would be likely to be generally present. It was never doubted, so far as we know, that all the necessary or uszial work connected with religious work was work of charity. If it were not so, the minister who preaches, the organist and precentor who furnish the music, and the sexton who cares for the building on Sunday, would be violating the law every day they performed service for their religious society, and not only would be precluded from recovering compensation, but might be punished for services which are proper in themselves, and for which the day is specially set apart. But this work is not illegal, because it is in a true sense, and indeed in the very highest sense, charitable. Religious societies are founded to do good to mankind.
Religious societies solicit moneys for their needs, and take subscriptions at their regular meetings on the first day of the week. . . . These regular Sabbath offerings, as they are called, are limited sometimes to gifts for the poor; etc., but quite often they embrace gifts for the general needs of the society, including repairs of the church, payment of taxes, and numerous other needs which do not differ at all from the needs of ordinary business associations.
Contracts for services on Sunday of the preacher, the sexton, the organist, and the singers are not illegal, although these persons may engage in such employment as a means of livelihood.
In M. E. Church vs. Donnell, the Supreme Court of Michigan held (43 Michigan 4 N. W. 427):
Taking collections and subscriptions on Sunday to carry on the work of a religious organization may not, strictly speaking, be deemed a part of religious worship, but these are means for its support and come within the exception of the statute prohibiting any ' labor except that of necessity and charity.
It could readily be determined that a minister of the Gospel who serves his congregation on Sunday, though engaged in his usual calling, is not violating the statute, as such work clearly conies within the exception as to works of charity; and even without the exception a construction holding such a person guilty would be manifestly repugnant to the spirit of the law. (Ross vs. State (Ind.), 36 N. E. Rep. 167169) ■
If mere convenience is to be the test of necessity, any work on Sunday may be shown to be necessary under some circumstances. (Jones vs. Andover, 10 Allen 18)
Convenience means that which is for the good of another. '
The Bible Students go privately to the home and talk to one or two individuals at a time and never disturb any one’s peace. In Melvin vs. Easley, 52 N.C. 356, the Court said:
The statute in its operation is confined to manual, visible or noisy labor, such as is calculated to disturb other people, for example, keeping open shop or working at a blacksmith’s anvil. The Legislature has power to prohibit labor of this kind on Sunday on the ; ground of public decency. But when it goes further and . . . prohibits labor which is done in private the power is exceeded and the statute is void. (Rodman vs. Robinson, 134 N.C. 507; State vs. Medlin, 170 N.C. 684.)
A clergyman occupies his pulpit on Sunday, talks to the people and solicits money and receives it. Often this is for his salary, or it may be for missionary work; but whatever it is for, the courts held that such is not a violation of the law. In discussing the matter of Sunday laws the Supreme Court of Idaho, in re Hull 18 Idaho 175, said:
This class of legislation is upheld solely as an exercise of the police power of the state. The prohibition of public amusements on Sunday must therefore rest on the theory that it is necessary either for the protection of the public morals, the public health, or the public peace and safety.
Calling at a person’s home on Sunday and quietly talking to the resident about the Word of God surely could not be held as interfering with public morals, public health or public peace and safety. The real purpose of laws regulating what shall be done on Sunday is to restrain business and commerical transactions that are carried on ordinarily on other days of the week. The work of the Bible Students is neither business nor commercial transactions. (37 Cyc. 545, 546; Bennet vs. Brooks, 91 Mass. 118)
Sunday laws are directed against manual labor or conduct of business of like nature. (Perkey vs. Commonwealth 134 Va. 713)
Works of necessity and charity are generally excepted by law’s of the states. (37 Cyc. 552)
In the case of Rodman vs. Robinson 134 N. C. 506 to 513, Chief Justice said:
A contract entered into on Sunday is not invalid at common law. Clark on Conf., p. 393; Drury v. De Fontaine; 1 Taunton, 131 (in which it was held that a vendor could recover the price of a horse sold on Sunday); Benjamin on Sales, section 5'22. Our statute, The Code, section 3782, is copied almost verba dm from the first part of the statute, 29 Car. 11, chapter 17 (1678). The other part forbidding service ri process on Sunday is omitted from our statute, which merely provides that ‘ ‘ on the Lord’s Day, commonly called Sunday, no tradesman, artificer, planter, laborer or other person shall do or exercise any labor, business or work of his ordinary calling, upon pain that every person so offending shall forfeit and pay one dollar”. This part was construed by Lam Mansfield in Drury vs. De Fontaine, supra, not to invalidate a sale of a horse on Sunday when the sale was
I not a part of tlie vendor’s ordinary calling. This statute is the foundation of nearly all the Sunday ( legislation in this country.
| In the case of Melvin v. Easley, 52 N.C. 356, | the Court said:
The statute in its operation is confined to manual, visible or noisy labor, such as is calculated to disturb 1 other people, for example, keeping open shop or working at a blacksmith’s anvil. The Legislature has power to prohibit labor of this kind on Sunday on the p1 ground of public decency. But when it goes further , and . . . prohibits labor which is done in private the a! power is exceeded and the statute is void.
i’i In that case it was held that selling a horse on ;'i Sunday was not forbidden by the statute, as deal-j'i ing in horses was not Melvin’s “ordinary calling”, 1 Again, it is said in State v. Ricketts, 74 N. C. 192: • “In this State every act may lawfully be done on Sun's day which may lawfully be done on any other day, । unless there is some statute forbidding it to be done ■ on that day.” This has been cited and approved, f White v. Morris, 107 N.C. at p. 99 (in which Davis,
■ J., calls attention' to the fact that prior to the Code
; civil process could not legally be served on Sunday, but now the restriction applies only to forbid arrests in civil actions on that day) ; approved also in State v. Penley, 107 N. C., 808; Ashe, J., in State v. Mc-Gimsey, 80 N. C., 377; 30 Am. Rep. 90; and State v. Howard, 82 N.C., at p. 626; Merrimon, C. J., in State v. Moore, 104 N.C., 749; Taylor v. Ervin, 119 N.C., 276; all these last holding that it was not illegal to hold court on Sunday if the Judge deemed it ' necessary, though out of considerations of propriety it ought not to be done unless necessary.
If the observance of Sunday were commanded by statute as an act of religion or worship, such statute would be absolutely forbidden. The founder of the Christian religion said that his ‘kingdom was not of this world’, and under’ our Constitutions, both State and Federal, no act can be required or forbidden by statute because such act may be in accordance with or against the religious views of any one. The first amendment to the Federal Constitution provides: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,” and the Constitution of this State, Article 1, section 26, reads: “All men have a natural and unalienable right to worship Almighty God according to the dictates of their own consciences, and no human authority should in any case whatever control or interfere with the right of conscience.” If therefore the cessation of labor or the prohibition or performance of any act were provided by statute for religious reasons the statute could not be maintained. The Seventh Day Baptists and some others, as well as the Hebrews, keep Saturday, and the Mohammedans observe Friday. To compel them or any one else to observe Sunday for religious reasons would be contrary to our fundamental law. The only ground upon which “Sunday laws” can be sustained is that in pursuance of the police power the state can and ought to require a cessation of labor upon specified days to protect the masses from being worn-out by incessant and unremitting toil. If such days happen to be those upon which the larger part of the people observe a cessation of toil for religious reasons, it is not an. objection but a convenience. Yet such statute can not be construed beyond its terms so as to make the signing of a contract on Sunday invalid when the words prohibit only “labor, business or work of one’s ordinary calling”.
It is incorrect to say that Christianity is a part of the common law of the land; however, it may be in England, where there is union of church and state, which is forbidden here. The beautiful and divine precepts of the Nazarene do influence the conduct of our people and individuals, and are felt in legislation and in every department of activity. They profoundly impress and shape our civilization. But it is by this influence that it acts, and not because it is a part of the organic law which expressly denies religion any place in the supervision or control of secular affairs. As a contemporary construction of the Federal Constitution, it may be well to recall that one of the first treaties of peace made by the United States—that with Tripoli—■which was sent to the Senate with the signature of George Washington, who had been president of the convention which adopted the United States Constitution, began with these words: “As the government of the United States is not in any sense founded on the Christian religion.” This treaty was ratified by the Senate. If it was presumption in Uzza to put forth his hand to stay the tottering Ark of God at the threshing-floor of Chidon, it is equally forbidden under our severance of church and state for the civil power to enforce cessation of work upon the Lord’s Day in maintenance of any religious views in regard to its proper observance. That must be left to the conscience of men, as they arc severally influenced by their religious instruction. Churches differ widely, as is well known, on this subject, the views of Roman Catholics and Presbyterians, for instance, being divergent, and the view’s of other churches differing from both.
Even if Christianity could be deemed the basis of our government, its ow7n organic law7 must be found in the New7 Testament, and there wo shall look in vain for any requirement to observe Sunday, or indeed any day. The Master’s references to the Sabbath were not in support but in derogation of the extreme observance of the Mosaic day of rest indulged in by the Pharisees. The Old Testament commanded the observance of the Sabbath, but that was an injunction laid upon the Hebrews, and it designated Saturday, not Sunday, as the day of rest, prescribing a thoroughness of abstention from labor which few observe, even of the people to whom the command was given.
Religious Liberty
Whether the exercise of his religion or of serving God be by a person’s going from house to house on Sunday or any other day, to prohibit him from so doing would be a violation of the Constitution of the United States, because it would.be a denial of religious liberty.
In this country one has the full and free right to entertain any religious belief, to practise any religious principles, and teach any religious doctrine which does not violate the laws of morality and which does not infringe personal rights. (12 Corpus Juris, 942 N 50; Watson vs. Jones, 13 Wall U.S. 679 ■ (728) Op. Justices, 214 Mass. 509, 102 NE 464)
The crowning glory of American freedom is absolute religious liberty and the unquestioned and untrammeled right of each person to worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience without let or hindrance from any person or any source whatever. (Cline vs. State (Okla.) (1913), 9 Okla. 40, 130, p. 510)
All denominational worshippers of Almighty God, whose doctrine and mode of worship are not subversive of morality, are to be protected'in this country. (Comwlth. vs. Arndt (Pa. 1902), 2 Wheeler Cr. Cas 236)
Each individual , within the jurisdiction of the United States has the right to determine for himself his religious belief, etc. (Swafford vs. Keaton (1919), 23 Ga. App. 238, 98 SE 122) (Statement of general law and references to Federal and State constitutions regarding religious liberty)
Most of the state constitutions guarantee to the individual, irrespective of sect or denomination, protection of the rights of conscience and liberty to worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience. (Story on Constitutional Limitations 960 Eighth Edition) (Cyc. 8 pg. 884 (D). Corpus Juris 14 pg. 942 Notes 50 and cases)
The Supreme Court of Idaho has held that the use of moving pictures to illustrate a sermon or religious lecture on Sunday is not a violation of the law. (State vs. Morris, 28 Ida. 598, also 155 Pac. 296)
In his work on Constitutional Limitations (page 571 Sixth edition) Justice Cooley says:
A careful examination of the American Constitutions will disclose the fact that nothing is more fully set forth or more plainly expressed than the determination of their authors to preserve and perpetuate religious liberty, and to guard against the slightest approach towards the establishment of an inequality
in the civil and political rights of citizens, which shall have for its basis only their differences of religious belief. These constitutions, therefore, have not established religious toleration merely, but religious equality. .
Further discussing as to what ordinances and statutes are void and not enforcible, the same authority among other things states the following:
Any law respecting an establishment of religion.
Restraints upon the free exercise of religion according to the dictates of the conscience.
Restraints upon the expression of religious belief.
Then adds Justice Cooley:
An earnest believer usually regards it as his duty to propagate his opinions and to bring others to his views. To deprive him of this right is to take from him the power to perform what he considers a most sacred obligation.
All true followers of Christ Jesus are commanded to preach the Gospel, which means to teach their fellow man concerning the Word of God. (Matt. 28:19; Isa. 12:4; 61:1,2) The Bible Students deem it their sacred and bounden duty to preach the Gospel and teach the truth of God’s Word. Having made a covenant to do God’s will, they understand His commandment is to be His faithful and true witnesses. (Isa. 43:10,12) They sincerely believe that an obligation has been laid upon them by the Lord to be His witnesses and preach the Gospel, as it is written, ""'For necessity is laid upon me; yea, woe is unto me, if I preach not the gospel 1” (1 Cor. 9:16) Jesus, the Head of the true Christian church, declared it to be His mission on earth to be a witness to God’s Word of Truth. (John 18:37) All His followers are commanded to follow in His steps.—1 Pet. 2: 21.
Furthermore, t ie Apostle Paul went about from house to ho, se preaching, both to the Jews and to the Greeks, repentance toward God and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ. (Acts 20: 20, 21) He was a true follower of Christ Jesus. The Bible Students, in going from house to house and preaching the Gospel, are, like Paul, endeavoring to be true followers of Christ Jesus.
If the laws of man prohibited them from preaching the Gospel, they would still understand it to be their duty to obey God rather than to obey man. (Acts 4:19) But the laws of man, particularly in America, and in many other countries, specifically provide not only that the
Il
( hristian shall bo permitted to preach the Gos-pffi but that he shall be protected from any inter-x<- rence in so doing.
The Bible Students who go from door to door preaching the Gospel on Sunday or week-days, and who preach it by the method above set forth r re clearly within their rights under the law of man and under the law of God, Any interference therewith by police officers or any one else is entirely unlawful.
it follows that no town, city or other municipality has any power or authority to require a Christian to first obtain a license before he can go from house to house and preach the Gospel, as herein set forth. Any attempt to compel a Christian to first obtain a license is in violation of the fundamental law of the land. It is the duty and privilege of any Christian who is arrested for exercising his religious belief to appear in court, employ counsel, demand a fair trial and the full protection of the law.
All Bible Students, including colporteurs, Sunday workers or those who occasionally call at the homes of the people, are advised as follows :
If while canvassing you are accosted by police officers, state to them that you are clearly within your legal rights and insist on protection. If clergymen or any one else objects and you are taken before the police officers, insist that under the law it is the duty of the police officers to afford you protection from interference with the exercise of your legal rights.
In the event that you are arrested and charged with a violation of some ordinance or law by going from house to house and selling books, employ a lawyer, exhibit to him this memorandum of authorities, have the case set down for trial, have the record preserved in proper form for an appeal, and in the event of a conviction appeal the case to the higher court. In so doing you will be 'acting strictly according to the law of the land and in harmony with the Word of God.
News of the Day
Wonderful Feat of a Dog
Franco-British Air Lines Jammed
ON THE Danube river, about the first of the year, two children, while skating, broke through the ice. A dog rescued both of them. In the case of one of the children it was necessary for the dog to dive beneath the ice in order to effect the rescue.
Agreement in Restraint of Trade
THE American zinc trust, in direct violation TH of American laws, has entered into a cartel
or European conspiracy in restraint of trade, agreeing to cut the world’s zinc production 7% and to hold the price at not less than twentyseven pounds sterling a ton. The United States produces 50% of the zinc of the world.
Disestablishment of Church of England
THE disestablishment of the Church of England may possibly take place in the very near future. The bishop of Durham has openly recommended and advocated it, and the new archbishop of Canterbury in his speech of acceptance of the archbishopric has given expression to- what is interpreted as the same thought.
SO GREAT is the air traffic between France and Britain that in bad weather collisions have been narrowly averted on several occasions. The French and British governments are now experimenting on ways to control this traffic.
France Unable to Pay
RANCE is unable to pay anything on her vast debt to America, but next year she will spend for the upkeep and construction of her navy 2,960,000,000 francs, and expects to spend for the construction of her new fleet about 981,000,000 francs every year for the next fifteen years.
China’s New Government Against Superstition CHINA’S new government is taking steps to end superstition. Priests will not hereafter be allowed to attend the sick under the pretense that by incantations they can heal them. An attempt was also made to prevent holding services for the dead; but the masses may still go on, provided no music is used in connection with them.
Salvation Army’s Forty-three Millions
THE disturbance in the Salvation Army has brought to light the fact that the Salvation Army in America has $43,000,000 worth of property. Seems that the giving’ of a Thanksgiving and Christinas dinner to the poor is not such a bad industry after all.
Soviets Forbid Use of Word “Russia”
THE Soviets have now officially forbidden the use of the word “Russia”, but insist that the country be spoken of as Soviet, the people as Soviet people, the language as Soviet language, etc. It would be hard to think of any ruling much more tyrannical.
Viscount Ennismore’s Sacrifice
Viscount Ennismore, 22-year-old son and heir of the great fortune of the Earl of
Listowel, has renounced his riches and title and will henceforth live in a $15-a-week room in London, where he will manage a new company, Neighbors, Limited, in which benevolently-minded persons can give their means to aiding the poor and unfortunate victims of our present diabolical civilization.
Canada Seeking Immigrants
AN ADA is seeking immigrants from Britain and will pay $40 of the $90 steamer-fare, will erect cottages for migrating families, will loan boys up to $2,000 if they will immigrate, and will train them in farming methods free. Children of British immigrants, under seventeen years of age, will be transported all the way from Britain to Canada free of all expense to their parents, provided they enter before June 6, 1929. ‘
Britain First to Recognize
New Chinese Government
BEAT BRITAIN was the first nation to recognize the new Nationalist government in
China. The United States would have been first but became involved in a dispute with Nationalist officials over the question as to which should be done first, whether the Nanking government should first salute the United States flag or the American government should first salute the Nanking flag. Looks very much as if somebody had blundered. The American marines in China have left for home, being no longer needed.
Recent Phone Calls
SOME of the recent phone calls were Havana to Madrid, Mexico city to Madrid, Los Angeles to Berlin, Stockholm to Boston, and Paris to San Francisco.
The British Miner-Harvesters -
OF THE 8,449 miners who came to Canada to assist with the 1928 wheat harvest, 1,573 remained as settlers and 6,876 returned to England. Of those who returned, 66 percent were granted loans to pay the whole or part of their return passage.
Most Elaborate Underground Station
THE most elaborate underground station in the world is the new tube station at Piccadilly Circus, England. Finished in creamy Italian marble, it has seven entrances from the upper world, twenty-six automatic ticket venders, many elaborate fast-moving escalators, a series of discs showing the progress of every train on every underground railway in London, an immense map of the world, and the most brilliant and beautiful electrical illumination of any station anywhere.
Bread and Stones for the Miners
JUST at the time when all Britain is determinedly trying to do something for the 200,000 miners that are permanently out of work, the bishop of Bradford stepped into the arena, asking for 250,000 pounds, to be used in building a new cathedral, new churches and for raises of pay for himself and fellow parasites. His request did not aake a big hit with the British public. Some unknown American chipped in $100,000 to the Lord Mayor’s Fund for relief of the miners.
Europe Gets Another Dictator
FTER trying for ten years to get along with one another the Serbs, Croats and
Slovenes made it so hard for one another that in desperation Alexander, king of Serbia, was almost forced to declare himself dictator and to suspend the constitution. No disturbances followed. The Germans declare that this was a conspiracy, hatched out in France, and point to the fact that it came to pass immediately after King Alexander’s return from Paris. Freedom of speech and of press and of assemblage is now banned in Serbia.
Wisconsin Presbyterians Come High
THE Wisconsin Presbyterians have been going over their figures and find that each convert nowadays costs them $493 in cash. Besides this, when deaths and removals are taken into consideration it seems that it takes thirty-five church members a full year, or a total of 12,755 working days, to add each name to the Presbyterian rolls. Christ is not expected to come, by these workers, until they shall have converted the whole world and gotten it in shape for Him.
$864 a Month
THE St. Francis Xavier’s Church, North Side, Pittsburgh, publishes a list of 216 members who contributed $1 or more every Sunday during October. As there were four Sundays in that month it means that the church took in certainly $864 during October as gate receipts. But this says nothing about fees for marriages, christenings, masses, holy candles and other “holy” articles. No doubt the actual cash receipts were around $2,000 a month, which is a nice business when you consider that no risk and no useful or hard work are involved and there are no taxes to pay. It is one of the best-paid businesses in the world. ’
Bolivia and Paraguay
in HEN Bolivia and Paraguay engaged in ’ * killing and wounding one another's soldiers they were both members of the League of Nations, had both signed the Kellogg Pact for the outlawry of war without reservations, were both members of the Pan-American Conference, and had both signed an arbitration treaty for the peaceful settlement of the very kind of dispute in which they have recently been engaged. ~
Lloyd George’s Statement Regarding France
loyd George has made the statement that when the Anglo-French Pact was signed, by which France is virtually given the hegemony of Europe in exchange for assurance of Britain’s being Mistress of the Sea, France then had four times the number of guns possessed by Germany in 1914 and an army of four million reserves. Mr. George says that it was the distinct understanding and agreement with Germany that the moment Germany disarmed completely and gave the necessary guarantees for reparations (and she has done both) the armies of the Allies were to clear out of the Rhineland; but they have not done so.
Events in Canada By Our Canadian Correspondent
THE Roman Catholic Church, by reason of its dominating and complete control of the Province of Quebec, has always exercised a tremendous influence in the political life of Canada as a whole. With the ever increasing popu-. lation of Protestant Ontario and also of the provinces of Western Canada its influence has been somewhat lessened. With the end in view of strengthening its position the Roman Catholic Church has taken a very keen interest in the immigration question and has used its influence to have a large influx of immigrants from the Catholic countries of Europe whom they have settled in Northern Ontario and at strategic points in the Prairie Provinces.
Speaking concerning the encroachment of the Roman Catholic Church on the Province of Saskatchewan, Mr. J. F. Bryant is reported in the Leader, Regina, and from it we quote:
Rome Fights to Control Canada
Suggesting that a movement is going on quietly but surely to make Saskatchewan a French Roman Catholic province, with the knowledge of the Saskatchewan government, J. F. Bryant, Regina barrister and Conservative candidate in Lumsden, made the religious issue the chief theme of his address at a meeting neai’ here last night.
Claiming that the immigration policy of the Canadian Government was influenced by the Catholic bishops of Quebec, he alleged that in Saskatchewan religious discord had been created, the Liberals paying more attention to party success than the future progress of the country.
On this subject he concluded with a reference to a deputation which he said had recently waited on members of the Dominion Government in an attempt to secure a cheap rate on the national railway for French Catholics to come to Saskatchewan in such numbers as to give those of that race and religion control in the western province.
Declaring that the Roman Catholic Church as a powerful organized political entity, stepping out from the sphere of religion into the sphere of politics, was as subject to criticism as any other political party, Mr. Bryant said: “A solid Catholic Quebec rules the Liberal party. The results of this power are seen in every department of state.”
British immigration into Saskatchewan since 1921 had been in the following proportion when compared with non-English immigration:
Year Per Cent
1922 ...
1923 .......................
1924 ...............................................................■.
1925 ..
For 1927, while he did not have exact figures, he was informed by an expert it was under 20 per cent, said Mr. Bryant.
' Mr. Bryant referred to Governcur School District where, he said, a French teacher was hired by the French Catholic trustees and French was used as the language of instruction in all grades. He said the Catholic religion was taught there and a crucifix was hung in the school. .
Protestant children, as punishment, were forced to kneel on the floor in front of the crucifix for half an hour at a time.
Protestant parents protested to the Minister of Education but no steps were taken by the department to have the crucifix removed.
English-speaking parents kept their children from school and were prosecuted, the speaker said, but the justices dismissed the charge.
Emasculation of Textbooks
Dealing upon the same subject a member of parliament is reported as follows in The Sentinel: '
Mr. John Evans, a leading member of the Progressive Party in the House of Commons, made an address at Sutherland, Saskatchewan, on October 4th, in which he said: “I want particularly to speak of a problem confronting us as a nation, particularly Saskatchewan province, a situation in which a part of the Christian Church—so called— sees it necessary to link up with the politician to secure political and religious domination. In this they follow the methods of rum-runners, bootleggers and distillers who—according to the recent customs investigation—furnished the election funds for both parties to purchase the legislation they desire, as well as freedom from existing laws.
“Last year in a controversy over teaching of history in the high schools we were told that all the chapters dealing with The Protestant Reformation were not on the curriculum for the year. In a communication I received from the Minister of Education on the matter I was informed, The teacher could give talks on the Reformation if he or she wished.
“The same spirit, the same desire, remains as ever —Semper Eadem is their boast. The assassination of Mexico’s President and the massacre of the Huguenots in 1572—twenty-six years after Luther’s death—is by one and the same force with the same purpose in view. Canada is today organized by the same authority against the time when it is considered that force can prevail. In Ottawa each year they carry the host and, under the guise of religion and service to God, they have a military review on the streets of our capital. Battalions of men meet there carrying rifles and bayonets, and their officers wearing side-arms, all dressed in the uniform and carrying the flag of the Vatican. They defy all law and order, nationally and —nominally at least—proclaiming Canada a vassal state of the Vatican.
“When the member of Parliament for West Centre Toronto asked questions in Parliament concerning this he was laughed at for his pains. I will let you draw your own conclusions as to the meaning of a foreign army with all military equipment parading on the streets of our capital. Each man wears a badge on the collar of the uniform and I am told each one is pledged to be ever ready. A clear-cut line is drawn through Saskatchewan at this time and the Liberal Party is amenable to the dictates of The Church. This is true of the Liberal Party both in Saskatchewan and in the Dominion Parliament. Is it to no purpose that the Province of Quebec elects sixty-four members to the House of Commons each time, all belonging to the same party?
“Further—who prevented Alberta from getting her natural resources without a Separate School clause in the agreement? Which party accepted office in Saskatchewan and Alberta when autonomy was granted on the present humiliating terms?
“It has always been a mystery to me why Roman Catholic church members can accept the dictation of the priest as satisfying their soul’s demands. There is only one answer—their God-given soul and spirit has been choked into submission before budding manhood demanded realization.”
Manufacturing in the West
That Western Canada, the bread-basket of the world, is no longer confining its activities to the growing , of grain is plainly revealed in the following editorial appearing in the Mail and Empire of Toronto:
The opening next year of an automobile factory in Regina with a capacity of over 30,000 cars annually is one more indication of the rapid growth of manufacturing in Western Canada. Only a few years ago it was almost exclusively a wheat-growing country, but today the term “Prairie Provinces” does not give an adequate idea of prevailing conditions. Cities and towns are becoming important industrial centres which will create home markets for local farm products and in turn will supply those farms with many of their needs. An automobile factory on the scale of that in Regina would not have been established if the company were not certain of an immediate demand, with still greater confidence in the future. It means that the wealth of the people on the Prairies must be widely distributed, for a millionaire here and there could account for only a few cars. Production of cars on a large scale annually shows that a very large proportion of the population have the means, each, to buy at least one of them. Last season grain was rushed to railway and elevator points at a speed unheard of before through the use of motor trucks, and this is only the beginning of that system of transportation on the Prairies.
In the other provinces also manufacturing is making rapid strides. In Calgary recently a bridge-building plant was established at a cost of $200,000, to employ 150 men, and a rolling mill plant at a cost of $400,000, to employ 160 men. A report of the Calgary Board of Trade shows that about 150 industries have already been established there which have a capital of $35,000,000 and about 3,500 employees! The total industrial payroll amounts to about $5,000,000 a year, and the value of the products annually is greater than the total investment. The Industrial Development Board of Manitoba reports that during the year 62 new industries were established and that nearly $3,000,000 were invested in the extension of existing plants. The industrial output was $159,252,000, as compared with $132,000,000 last year. Similar progress is reported from many other quarters in the three provinces. ■
The growth of manufacturing in the West has modified the free trade ideas so clamant a few years ago. Some of the farmers’ organizations already admit the change in public sentiment. The farmers are beginning to realize the advantages of a home market, rapidly increasing, for at least a part of their products, and that realization will bring about a greater appreciation of their community of interest. As the West manufactures more and more for itself so will the demand for Eastern products decline, but Eastern manufacturers will not complain. We believe that they will recognize that changing conditions in the West will unite the whole country in demanding a real national policy.
■ Treatment of Work-Seekers in Denmark and-in Britain
(Reprinted from the
EXPERIENCE has shown that the genuine work-seeker rapidly deteriorates and finally loses his capacity for work if he is in daily contact with habitual vagrants. The municipality of Aarhuus, in Jutland, has arranged for the separate accommodation of the two classes. A wing at the workhouse has been set aside and refitted as a guest-house. The equipment is comfortable but not luxurious. The redecoration and furnishing urns carried out by the permanent inmates of the workhouse. Travellers are scrutinised, and those considered qualified are admitted; habituals are passed on to the workhouse.
There is accommodation for 70 men; 30 to 40 beds are usually full. Bed and breakfast cost 6d., a whole day’s board and lodging 2s. Those w-ho have no money may work for their keep in the wood-chopping yard, and they can earn extra money for themselves if they wish. A limit of seven nights in three months is imposed to preserve the identity of the guest-house.
It costs very little to run, and is expected to become self-supporting. The staff consists of
'Manchester Guardian)
a guest master and his assistant. Meals are cooked in the workhouse kitchen.
The Danish Labour League has also established similar small guest-houses in some of the provincial towns.
In the great municipal lodging-house at Hamburg lads under 18 are not permitted to mix with adult lodgers. They are housed sep-' arately under much better conditions, and are detained until they can be returned to their parents or found suitable occupation by one of the numerous societies which care for German youths.
In Jutland there are two voluntary working colonies—Mbltrup, near Herning, and Godrum, near Silkeburg. They accommodate 100 and 36 men respectively. Both are run by private enterprise, backed by Government and county grants and donations from friends. Farming and industries give plenty of occupation and help to defray the cost of maintenance.
The staff are fully trained and are paid. The soil is reclaimed heather land. The wayfarers receive a small remuneration for their daily task. No one is refused admission and no one is persuaded to stay—they are free to come and go, A fine example of their work is an habitual vagrant of 30 years’ standing, who . has been earning his living steadily in a neighbouring town for the past five years.
Copenhagen has a municipal institution called Sundholm, with many different roles to fill, including that of a voluntary working colony. Destitute persons may present themselves, but they enter with the obligation of remaining one month. They are employed as far as possible in their trade or learning a trade, and after the expiration of the month they may have a pass for week-ends to enable them to look foi’ work. They receive a small daily remuneration for the work they perform. .
It must be remembered that in Denmark there exist both unemployment insurance and poor relief, but the national conscience will not permit any to be considered outcast and therefore comfortably forgotten.
Under Danish laws any who fail to support themselves or their families by reason of drink, vice, oi’ idleness may be placed in a forced labour colony by order of the magistrates. Here they remain till they have made good and earned a certain sum of money. This is found to be more effective than short terms of imprisonment. The treatment is kind but firm; the objective of the governors is to restore men to useful citizenship by the rule of kindness, cleanliness, and order. The best example is found in the Sundholm institution. Here the whole of the washing, mending, and making of clothes, blankets, furniture, &c., for the hospitals, homes, and institutions of the capital is carried out. Gardening and pig-rearing are the outdoor occupations. Thus a share of the expense of maintenance is met without coining into trade competition with the city.
■ Destitute adults who are mentally defective and from their moral degeneration are considered dangerous to the community are segregated under medical supervision. They are kindly treated and encouraged to w’ork in the gardens and grounds of the homes. They are not treated as asylum cases.
Contrast the foregoing with the treatment meted out to the destitute wayfarer in England. If he is off the “dole” and refused poor relief, he must either sponge on his parents or go on tramp looking for a job. The workhouse means
entire surrender of personal liberty and. initiative, and is impossible to most men. As, however, it is an offence to sleep out with an empty pocket, the wayfarer will be forced to seek a night’s shelter in the casual ward of the workhouse. ,
On arrival he will be asked his particulars and will be searched. His tobacco and his personal property, excepting his private papers, will be taken from him and locked up, a tally being given in exchange. He will • strip and bathe; his clothing will be taken from him, and he will be given a nightshirt, frequently dirty! He will then be locked up in a solitary cell or in a common-room. His bed will be a wire mattress, a wooden bed board, or the floor, the last named being sometimes stone or concrete, in spite of the regulations. He will receive three or four blankets, which very often contain body lice, and his supper will consist of two large slices of bread (8 oz.) and margarine or dripping (1 oz.), with a mug of shell cocoa, broth, gruel, or tea (1 pint). His cell may or may not be heated, and if it is a rush night one or two men may be forced to share this meagre accommodation.
In the morning he will receive back his clothing, and after washing he is given his breakfast, exactly similar to his supper. If he can produce an employment card he will be let out with two hunks of dry bread (8 oz.) and cheese (2 oz.) for his dinner. His walk to the next night shelter will be from ten to twenty-five miles, and he must try to look for a job on the way. Meat is not included in his diet, and it is an offense to beg for it.
If he cannot furnish any proof of recent work he may be kept in to cut wood, break stones, dig in the garden, or clean round; his diet will then be increased by 4 oz. of potatoes at dinnertime. He will be dismissed next day. If he happens to strike a strict ward on a Friday he will be kept in to work on Saturday and not allowed out on Sunday. All this time he is not allowed to use his tobacco, has nothing to read, and is under lock and key. .
A few weeks of this life exercises a powerful down-drag, and he sinks into the hopeless mentality of the habitual vagrant. Under such conditions many men commit breaches of the law in order to procure periods of superior accommodation and diet of prison.
NTo man of spirit will submit to such conditions when life can be better supported by stealing. It is therefore true to say that our casual wards manufacture criminals and habitual vagrants.
There are at least 12,000 of these wanderers; 46 percent desire work; 3 percent are under 21 years of age.
The system of relief was condemned as far back as 1906, but nothing has been done. At the present juncture the Government could legislate for the pooling of vagrancy expenses and arrange for the cooperation of authorities over very wide areas, such as the whole of Wales, the Midlands, &c. Some national arrangement would then be possible for the equable distribution of the burden and for the requisite differentiation between young and old, workers and shirkers, together with a diet which does more than merely keep body and soul together.
The “Sport” of Hunting
THE London Star is going after the “sport” of stag-hunting and fox-hunting, riding after the hounds. “More power” to its editor. In a recent issue is the following pathetic account of a stag’s vain attempt to escape from his persecutors. Anyway, he got the best of his tormentors for the one day.
Exciting scenes were witnessed by a big crowd in Sunninghill High-street, when a tired-out stag, closely followed by hounds and huntsmen, ran along the main Bagshot to Ascot road through the shopping centre of the village.
After crossing the bridge over the Southern Railway, Reading line, it turned into a side road. Finding this was a blind one it ran through the garden of a house, jumped the rear fence, and dashed down a steep embankment on to the railway.
Here the hounds could not follow and the stag, after going about half a mile towards Sunningdale, took refuge in a hut near the line, where it was soon afterwards secured.
Later on it was taken back to the stables of the Berks and Bucks Hunt to live to fight another day.
In the same journal Lord Burgh describes the “sport” of fox-hunting:
It is a tale of the hunted. The hunters are men, dressed to kill—men, the superior beings, the strong. The hunted is an animal—a fox—as beautiful as it is defenceless against them. For a moment he has temporarily eluded his pursuers. In the far distance, his sharp little ears can hear the sound of horses’ hoofs clumping on the turf—a signal that his enemies are approaching.
But as yet he is powerless to move; he cannot summon power to his exhausted limbs nor breath to his palpitating heart to enable him to make a dash, without being seen, for the distance stretched between him and liberty.
And because of this, there is a terror in his eyes that is poignant to behold. He is trapped by those riding on the backs of animals obedient to their command, a prey to the impatient, pawing hounds who are urging them.
Nearer and nearer they come. Circling first to the left and then to the right, they are tracking him down. A fierce pain stabs his animal heart; a fiercer pain with the knowledge that comes so swift that he has had his last run, that he will know the green fields no more.
Again he looks across that distance. If he knew a Creator as the men know who are pursuing him, he might use the last gasp in him in a prayer that he might die before they come. But with that last breath, knowing that he is trapped, he goes out to meet his death.
Game to the bitter end, he uses that last breath in one herculean effort. But quickly he flags. The fields seem no longer green. They come as a mist before his eyes. The cry of the hounds, now hot upon his heels, comes dimly to his ears.
The pain of savage teeth through his magnificent fur and into his warm flesh is deadened by the fall of his headlong flight, as is the sight of the huntsmen arriving triumphant at the end of their chase— the men to whom he, in company with all animals, has been given in trust—the cowards who not only kill, but torture him, because they know he is defenceless.
They call it sport!
No, brother, that’s not sport. It’s a lust, more bloody, contemptible and deformatory to the name of Britain and the sportsmanship her letters are alleged to spell, than any I can imagine. And in the name of true sportsmanship, we should call for its suppression, and never rest until we have achieved that end.
They convict a man who works his horse when it is lame. His offense is but negligible in comparison with the wholesale cruelty and torture that is being so shamelessly practised each day in the hunting field. But while one comes as a commitment of an offence against the law, the other does not!
In time to come, if public agitation is sufficiently insistent, the hunting of animals will be doomed to the inevitable abolishment by law. But when, amazing as it is, such an outrageous “sport” has been handed down to us by generation upon generation, it can readily be understood that its complete effacement cannot be made in a day.
The huntsman hunts the animal because he knows it is defenceless, because he knows it has no voice to raise against him, because he knows it can never punish him.
He abuses the simple trust the Creator had in him before these animals were put in the world. He is a coward. He is an insult to Britain, a stain on her fair name.
The Ehret System of Elimination
THE Ehret Literature Publishing Company, 846 East Sixth St., Los Angeles, California, has a little 134-page book which is sold for one dollar and which is called “Mucusless-Diet Healing System”, but which we call “The Ehret System of Elimination”. The founder, Prof. Arnold Ehret, was killed in an accident a half-dozen years back.
Professor Ehret had the right idea, the true idea, that there is but one disease, and that is the ten pounds of uneliminated fecal matter which most persons carry around with them throughout life. In other words, no matter what fancy name is given to your pet disease, the real cause of it is improper elimination.
Ehret tvas the first one to advance the idea that the white race is an unnatural, a sick, a pathological one. He said:
First, the colored skin pigment is lacking, due to a lack of coloring mineral salts; second, the blood is continually over-filled by white blood corpuscles, mucus, waste with white color—therefore the white appearance of the entire body. The skin pores of the white man are constipated by white, dry mucus—his entire system is filled-up and filled-out with it. No wonder that he looks white and pale and anaemic. Everybody knows that an extreme ease of paleness is a “bad sign”. When I appeared with my friend in a public air-bath, after having lived for several months on a mucusless diet with sun baths, we looked like Indians, and people believed we belonged to another race. This condition was doubtless due to the great amount of red blood corpuscles and the great lack of white blood corpuscles. I can notice the trace of paleness in my complexion the morning after eating* one piece of bread.
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