Golden Age, December 28, 1927
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THE NATION BORN
SHALL I SEND HER TO
BUSINESS COLLEGE?
WATER—
THE SINE QUA NON OF LIFE
CHURCHIANITY
AND ITS CATECHISM
Vol. IX Bi-Weekly No. 216
December 28, 1927
5$ a copy —. $ 100 a Year
OLD WORLD DYING
Kope aiuL courage
NEV
WORLD BEGINNING
Contents of the Golden Age
Labob ATO Ecctomios
PobUe Ownership va. Private Ownendilp ■ . . . .
Dare JStot Work at Capacity
labor Begins to Sea the Point . .
SOCIAL AND EdUOATIOBTAL
Sham, I Siam Hb to Bwkm Goelesb? .......... 208
Woman’s Place in the Business World • .
How to Choose a Position ............... 208
Profits of the Banks ..... .—. . . ........
Politicai>-Domestic and fobw_
Aw Emtobwl ScAjre ........ .
Evbntb ik Canada ............. W
Science and iNkR^aws
A Machine for Plotting Curves
Home and Health
Water—Thh Sine Qua Non <w Life . . . . Crab Meat a la Undebtakeb .......
Religion and Philosophy
Khem CHtntCHiANiTY Got m Cateuhism—Part 2 ...... 200 9
"Men Sought Ont Inventions” 202
“Reeling To anil Fro” ................. 203 “Converting” the World ................ 204 Preaching the Gospel on Sunday ............. 203 The Papal Plan for Canada .......... 205
What the Pope Said ................. 211
“To The Pure All Things Abe Pi re” ........... 212
T,.« Nation Born ................... 213
Zion the Mother .......... . 215
War with the Enemy ................. 217 .
Why Did .Jesus Dis? .................. 219-
The Greatest Work oj? a Great Kino ........... 222
Little Studies fob Little People ............. 223
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afcGoldenAge
N. Y„ W«d»M*y. »««*«’ 2®, 1927 NsaAw 21.®
Water — The Sine Qua Non of Life
r' A' normal, weight adult human.’being there are about seven pails of water. Even the bones and the teeth contain water, and eonld not do their work without it. Every day about five pints is lost through the various organs of elimination, and this loss must be made up if the human machine is to do its work properly.
Water softens tteJoKWe^Making it more easily digested and absorbed. It so dilutes the — Aiggastiwuj-miMAttt- they can reach and react particle of food. The stomach is a ipusde, jtwonderful churn. It is not intended to —-rwujk-un dry lumps, nor on a pasty mass, but on food which is in a reasonable condition of liquefaction.
There is no objection to drinking water with meals provided there is no food in the mouth. The reason dieticians advise against drinking at meals is because of the tendency to wash the food down without sufficient mastication. Coffee is poison. Tea is poison. Many people like poison.
There is no poison in.good drinking water. On the contrary, a reasonable quantity is essential to good health. For the average person eight glasses a day is about right, one of which should be taken before breakfast. Fat people require more water than thin ones. It is just as necessary to drink eight glasses a day in winter as in summer.
It is a mistake to wait until thirsty before drinking. When thirst comes the tissues are suffering, wasting from lads of moisture. People have been known to live for two months without food, but no one can get along many hours without water. It is the sine qua non of life.
A proper amount of water taken into th© system aids digestion and elimination and automatically regulates the body temperature. It is remarkable how quickly a drink of water reaches the skin and by evaporation cools the bo'dy. This takes place more quickly with hot water than with cold.
By dilution of the blood, water aids the circulation ; by dilution of the food, it aids digestion ; by dilution of waste-products it aids elimination. Every tissue of the body demands water for the performance of its functions. The Hood, the lymph, the gastric juice, the fluids of the brain and spinal eord, all need constant replenishment.
Common Seme Must Be Used
A ROBUST man, working at a task which causes him to perspire freely, can drink ten quarts of water in a day without injury to his system; but for most people eight glasses, which is two quarts, is sufficient. Most people drink less than half what they should.
A person with a weak digestive apparatus should avoid drinking too much water, especially cold water. Dropsical persons can overdo it. Persons inclined to colic should favor hot water, plenty of it, and avoid cold water. Persons troubled with dilation, of the stomach should drink in smaller quantities and more frequently.
Chemically pure water is tasteless and is useful only in chemistry. Iced water is usable, if sipped, but should never be gulped. Tn hot weather water in any form helps to distribute the heat of the body and makes life tolerable.
An insufficient quantity of water taken into the system lessens the quantity of digestive juices secreted, and breaks down the digestive apparatus. Many people suffer from headaches and indigestion who have nothing the matter with them except that they do not drink enough water.
It is not true that water drinking makes fafc person* fatter. On the other hand a fat person who drinks enough water and exercises properly will gradually reduce his weight, and his flesh will become firmer.
” Boiling water should not be taken into the stomach. It is provocative of cancer of the stomach, it having been learned of late years that no part of the body can be subjected to excessive heat frequently or continuously without liability to develop cancer in the part thus misused.
From the Standpoint of Seieme
P10M the standpoint of science water is a composition of two gases, combining in the proportion of two volumes of hydrogen to on® volume of oxygen, or by weight two parts of hydrogen to sixteen parts of oxygen. Water is 770 times as heavy as air.
Water has its greatest density at 39.2 degrees Fahrenheit and boils or vaporizes at 212 degrees Fahrenheit The point of density is important, in that cool water sinks before it readies the freezing point, thus delaying the formation of surface ice, while ice, being lighter than cool water, floats and delays the downward progress of frost. Were ice denser than water, as is the ease with most corresponding liquids and solids, it would sink to the bottom as fast as made. Northern waters would freeze from the bottom up and would never thaw out.
Water is a constituent of nearly all minerals, even to the hardest stone, and of all vegetable and animal tissues. Absolutely pure water is also invisible, and we are aware of it only by feeling it; but absolutely pure water does not occur in nature.
Ordinary water is impregnated with minerals. Arctic snows and alpine lakes in granite beds contain, the purest waters in nature. Lime and many other minerals make water taste and sparkle, and make it healthful to users. Water that contains over eight grains of mineral matter to the gallon is called hard water and is more conducive to health than soft water. Water that contains animal or vegetable matter is dangerous.
Bain water is heavily charged with dirt and soot from the air. Most of the water that we humans drink has come, perhaps for miles, in dose contact with the earth, picking up all sorts of salts on the way, and salts that are good for us to have; for man is of the earth earthly.
Water changes the ’direetfea ©2 riant lights Unless @n® is looking directly down into ths water, a fish is lower and nearer the observes than seems to be the ease.
Springi and Geysers
IN SCIENTIFIC parlance a spring of file first’ magnitude is one which pours forth an aver® age discharge of 100 cubic feet of water a see* ©nd. This is 65,000,000 gallons a day and is pable of supplying with water a city of & half's million inhabitants. It is a river in itself. It is® surprise to know that there axe sixty-five such springs in the United States. "
Thirty-eight of these springs issue from volcanic rock, sixteen of them in Oregon, fifteen in Idaho and seven in California. Enough water issues from eleven of these springs, located along the black lava walls of the Snake river in Idaho, to furnish all the people of the United States with all the dmKhg water they need and sixty gallons each besides.
Three of the springs of first magnitude issue from sandstone rock. These are all located in Montana. The remaining twenty-four issue frow, limestone rock. Eleven of these are in Florida, seven in Missouri, four in Texas and one each is in Alabama and Arkansas. There are no springs of the first magnitude east of the Missouri river, except in these far southern states.
As the West is the region of big springs it is also the principal region of hot springs. In a geyser there is a long tube extending deep into the hot rocks beneath. The water next to the rock becomes heated far beyond the temperature at which water ordinarily boils, but the weight of the water above for a time prevents boiling in the lower part. At last, however, a little steam is formed, some water is shot out; and, the pressure being relieved, the water below flashes into steam instantly and shoots up, carrying the water with it. Nearly every country has some hot springs.
The Big Hom Hot Spring, near Thermopolis, Wyoming, is twenty-five feet in diameter and has been sounded to a depth of 1,000 feet, and n® bottom found. It pours forth every twenty-four hours about 18,000,000 gallons of 135-degree hot water containing a natural admixture of suL phur, lime, magnesia, iron and silica which has been found extremely beneficial in the treatment . of rheumatism and of Hood and skin diseasefc
Wb okmJ W&terh&les
PF THE deserts of Western Australia there are sources of water supply called waterholes, usually found in the solid rock. Some of them are the shape of a gigantic water-bottle and hold thousands of gallons of water. A few are known as night wells, dry during the day but filled with water at night This phenomenon is caused by the expansion and contraction of slabs or plates of gneiss: they expand in the day and contract at night. When they expand bow-shaped the water gets behind them; when they contract, the water is forced to the front. •
Every Bible student is familiar with the importance of wells to the civilization of Abraham’s tune, and wells are of no less importance in that country and in many other countries now. By selecting a suitable -site,, isolated from the drainage _of Jmrayards, house sewerage and fertilized garden®; an excellent quality of water may be obtained from u well.
The Bfealth Service put down 500 wells in a tract of open country and made a careful study of the subject of well location. It was found that bacterial pollution made its appearance in wells as far away as 232 feet from the nearest point of infection, while chemical pollution was carried 414 feet. But as a general thing, in soil of a more or less homogeneous sandy nature, a well is considered safe from contamination if it is 100 feet from any source of such contamination, due allowance being made for the slope of the ground, which is assumed to be the same beneath as on the surface.
A simple test for sewage contamination is to take half a pint of water, place it in a clear, colorless glass-stoppered bottle, add a few grains of the best white lump sugar and expose the bottle freely to daylight in the window of a warm room for a week or ten days. If the water remains.clear, it may be.considered safe; but if it becomes turbid, it is contaminated.
The digging of Wells
THE walls of a well should made watertight to a depth of at least eight feet below the surface of the ground, in order to prevent the entrance of water from the upper strata, which are generally subject to pollution. The walls should be carried at least one foot above the surface of the ground, to prevent polluted matter from being washed into the well. Water
may be clear and sparkling, and yet dangerously contaminated. ’
The best fresh-water wells are found along the edges of the ocean. Underground streams at these points are in fullest volume; and as their flow is outward they are not subject to pollution by salt water unless purposely pumped so dry that the flow is reversed, when they become rained.
There is a fresh-water well at Longport, N. J., the water in which rises and falls with the tides and yet always remains fresh. It is believed that the weight of incoming tides on an underground stratum of clay causes the latter to bend and forces the fresh water from underground sources higher in the well, while, ebb tides, lessening the weight, reverse the result. The water in this well has a rise and fall of about sixteen feet
In various places there are vast subterranean reservoirs in which the great rain percolations are stored and which may be tapped by artesian-wells, which thus furnish an inexhaustible supply of pure water. Artesian waters that percolate through or over granite, gneiss, serpentine, trappean, mica, slate, silicious sandstone or drift formations, are usually quite pure; limestones and chalks impart objectionable qualities; carboniferous rocks are often composed largely of mineral salts, and the water penetrating such strata is briny and unfit for domestic use.
One of the most notable instances of large volumes of water from deep-rock wells is in the supply of the city of Indianapolis, which obtains its water from twenty-five wells drilled into the water-bearing limestone which abounds in that section of the country. Cologne, Dresden, Leipsic, Stockholm and Copenhagen obtain their water similarly. Indianapolis, Dayton and Columbus all pump their water supply directly into the distribution mains without the intervention of stand-pipes.
Other Pumping Systems
MANY cities are so situated that they get their water supply from nearby lakes or rivers, and pump the waters which they use to reservoirs placed at an elevation sufficient to supply under pressure water for domestic purposes. Works typical of this system are found in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Louisville, Omaha and Kansas City.
Other d&es have mo elections near them which Mould be suitable, and accomplish similar results through the use of stand-pipes. Such cities are Chicago, Milwaukee and Detroit
Some of the large cities which depend upon advers as their source of supply are London, (Rotterdam, Hamburg, Bremen, Berlin, Leningrad, Warsaw, Albany, Philadelphia, Washington, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Nashville, Pittsburgh and Louisville; but London gets some of its supply from wells. There are eight water companies operating in the London area.
Some of the large cities which depend upon lakes as their source of supply are Glasgow, Manchester, Liverpool, Zurich, Buffalo, Cleveland, Chicago and Milwaukee. Glasgow depends on Lock Katrine, 26 miles distant. Manchester gets its supply in Lake Thirlemere, JOO miles distant, and is taking in another little lake called Haweswater at a cost of $50,000,000.
Gravity, The Oldest of All
THE -oldest method of all is the gravity method. The aqueducts of Solomon and Hezekiah still supply the waters for Jerusalem. Of the fourteen stone or brick aqueducts which brought water from the spurs of the Appenines to Home, three still supply the modern city.
Even now Rome uses more water -per capita than any other city in the world, due partly to the fact that there are 430 fountains in operation in the city. The Rome consumption is 110 gallons per capita per day; New York comes second with 84j gallons. Paris uses 78 gallons, London, 35J gallons. In the ancient cities of Jerusalem, Rome, Byzantium and Alexandria, vhen Roman baths were all the' rage the consumption amounted to 300 gallons daily.
Among the American cities that are supplied by the gravity method are New York, Boston, Baltimore, Scranton, Rochester, St. Paul, San Francisco and Los Angeles. Paris obtains part of its supply in the same manner.
The first municipal water-supply system in ’America was that of Boston, in 1652. Of 1,475 water systems in America which were reported recently, 661 were owned and operated by private companies. There is nothing so essential to the life of a city as its water supply, and it is a Bisgrace to have this in private hands.
In the desert of Chile there is an odd method ®t obtaining good drinking water from brackish waters which neither human beings nor stock can drink. Twenty thousand square feet of glass are arranged V-shaped over shallow pans containing the brackish water. The heat of the sun evaporates the braekish water, the glass collects it, it runs down into little channels at the bottom of the V and in this way nearly 1,000 gallons oj fresh water are collected daily.
New York’s Water Supply
TN 1799 Aaron Burr installed New York’s first water supply system. The water was obtained from deep wells. Then came the Croton Dam, which was enlarged until it delivered the city 336,000,000 gallons a day. Then the Hudson river was crossed by a vast syphon 12 feet in diameter which drops 1,000 feet to get beneath the river, and the Catskill Mountains were invaded for their water treasures.
Hardly had the ten villages been cleared away from the site now occupied by the great Asho-kan Dam than it was evident more water would be needed than the watershed tapped could supply. A tunnel eighteen miles long was driveji to the other side of the mountains, and the Schoer-harie was made to flow in an opposite direction from what nature had intended. Now, after twenty years’ work, and an expenditure of $182,000,000, -New York has 800,000^000 gallons of pure mountain water every day.
But even this is not enough; and a treaty has been signed between New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania which provides that each state shall have one-third of the waters of this river; and there is no doubt that New York City expects and intends to execute another great improvement which will send Delaware river waters under the Hudson down to thirsty New York.
While the great Delaware river project is being developed New York is planning to drink a goodly share of the forty-three inches of rainfall which visits Long Island every year. This subterranean water will be-used to help out in Brooklyn and Queens. New York uses every day eight times as much water in weight as the weight of the population itself.
Purification md Comma
rpWENTY-FIVE hundred years ago Cyras J- the Great earned boiled water with him in Ms campaigns, and Aristotle advised Alexander the Great to follow his example. The water was transported in silver vessels, on four-wheeled wagons. Some people are only learning now what these men knew centuries ago.
At Ashokan Dam the water for New York is aerated by being forced high in the air through 1,599 nozzles. Thence it passes into the aqueduct, where it is treated with a minute quantity of chlorine gas sufficient to kill any germs that may lurk in it.
" The Water from Ashokan Dam enters New York so pure that it cannot be economically distributed. That is to say, if it were slimy it would coat the interior of the water pipes and preserve them; but it is so pure and so well aerated that water pipes have to be replaced every twelve years on account of being rusted out This is a splendid fault, if it is a fault
Three methods are used to delay corrosion.. The deactivator renders water non-corrosive by permitting it to produce all the corrosion of which it is capable before it enters the piping system. The deaerator removes the dissolved oxygen from the water by heating and passing it through a deaerating chamber. By the third method sodium silicate is mixed with the water so as to form a thin coating on pipe walls. All these methods are faulted by engineers who seek something better.
People will not drink water which has been over-doctored, if they know it Even during the World War, when too much hypoehloride of soda was put into their water supply the French troops at the front itself refused to touch it until but-one-tenth of the quantity was used; and the latter amount, it was found, was quite sufficient for the purpose.
The world’s greatest artificial lake is now being made by the Alabama Power Company in a remote part of Alabama. It will be known as the Cherokee Bluffs Lake, will have a shore line of 700 miles and win impound three times as much water as is needed to supply New York city. This water will be used for power purposes only.
An Editorial Scamp
[Reprinted from the Long Beach Labor STewsl
A SHORT time ago Mr. W. W. Busiek, publisher of the American Atlas, Pasadena’s newest magazine, sent the following letter to President Coolidge:
“Recently there were three holdups, one mur-Jder, two automobiles stolen in Pasadena and I. have just received word that an aqueduct has been blown up near here.
“Inasmuch as our nation has marines in China and Nicaragua to protect American lives and property/-1 ask that a troop of marines be stationed here in Pasadena for the same purpose.
“The Standard'Oil company has several stations and a depot here, which the marines could protect, making them feel entirely at home.
“The schools of Los Angeles are forced to feed 3000 starving children. May I have copies ©f your speech in which you said that the farm-®rs had raised too much food-stuffs? I would like to distribute this speech among these children. •
4Tf it is not asking too much, I would also like to have copies of Mr. Mellon’s speech in which he announced that we are in the midst of a great wave of prosperity. I would like to distribute this speech among the parents of these 3000 children. If you have any extra copies, pleas® forward for distribution to the 80,000 unemployed of Los Angeles.
“Yours for continued prosperity, less food and more marines. ‘The Editort”
The letter is both ironical and sarcastic, yet there is some logic and honesty in it.
The editor was surprised to receive the response he did. .
Instead of the naval detachment requested, two department of justice sleuths were sent to Pasadena to investigate the-extent of Mr. Bus-iek’s radicalism.
Is Mr. Busiek a Communist, Bolshevist, Socialist or an Anachist, or has he expressed some truths in his letter?
What do you think of Mm and his letter!
Where Churchianity Its Catechism—Part 2
By 0. L. Rosenkrans, Jr.
Morv'i 'TW’
THE disingenuousness of the apostate clergy •*• becomes manifest in this spurious gospel, where the plain statements of the Scriptures ar® warped to subserve paganizing innovations. In brief synopsis the career of Mary in its salient incidents is given as follows : Mary was in infancy committed to priestly raising and brought up in the temple, where she was administered sustenance by an angel. On public festivals she 'danced with her feet on the temple-stepsf eham-ing all hearts by her innocence and purity.
But when she arrived at maidenhood’s estate, her guardians, jealous to preserve uncontanm-ated the sacred precincts, summoned all the eligible Judaean widowers to appear and bid for her hand. They came accordingly with their rods, and Joseph was designated as the celestial choice by his rod miraculously budding. So far, the legend only mildly transcends plausibility? but the obsolete point of view which dictates what follows is harder for modem matter-of-faetness to readjust itself to.
When Mary’s pregnancy became obvious, 'Joseph was perturbed, not, as the Scriptures indicate, because he suspected her of unfaithfulness to himself, but in apprehension test the priests would accuse him of seducing a holy virgin entrusted to his care. In this manner did the clergy invent a Jewish precedent for their own unhallowed institution of celibate nunhood.
Modem Oswwe® JMirt Hmrnr&m P@nmwm
QEVERAL prominent divines, notably the late
Dr. Talmage, have striven to rehabilitate the popularity of the long obsolete Apocrypha. Talmage was quite enthused over the “Infancy of Jesus”, remarking, “Christ was the joyous boy of the fields. We are not permitted to think that the shadows of Calvary darkened his pathway in youth, and the Apocryphal books of the New Testament show a great deal of the early life of Christ not to be found in the Four Evangelists.”
This appraisal of the Master’s character, during His minority, is about what we would expect from th© renowned Talmage who, staunch upholder of incarnation though he was, could nevertheless be so illogical as to fancy Omnipotence assuming the role of romping, irresponsible juvenility I
Perhaps unwittingly the reverend 'doctor detracts from a reverential attitude toward the Redeemer by crediting Him with conduct unworthy of His sublime character. For instance Jesus is made to play mischievous pranks on His elders to gratify His boyish self-importance by “showing off”. His playmates fashion day images of frogs and birds, and H® commands them to hop and fly.
4 He disconcerts a dyer by piling all his customers’ clothes in the furnace and then gleefully astonishes him by taking them out unconsumed, each piece dyed as per order. Joseph is represented as a bungling workman who took Jesus .along, with him to pull out or push into shape the awkwardly-fariiioned milk pails, sieves, gates, etc., which he had made.
Jesus rebukes the fiarmfess joke of some women by a startling verifieattatOhe-same, turning into kids His hiding cpmpanioM, whom the women had spoken of as “kids”. He makes us© of His superhuman powers to compel rsOrpent which had bitten a child to crawl back, suck Girt the poison and explode. Being accused of pushing another child off from a roof and causing its death, H® constrains the corpse to speak out and acquit Him.
Th® life of Jesus was meaningful, serving in every incident as an eternal lesson to mankind.; then what place in it should there be for such paltry anecdotes as here narrated? In general the Apocryphal Jesus is made to comport himself like a Sunday school boy on the rampage, if we may be forgiven th© simile. Any affront to His youthful autolatry is promptly visited with condign punishment. A playmate breaks down His fish pool, and is sentenced to have hi® life waste away with the vanishing waters. Death is decreed to whosoever thwarts His whims and caprices, quite in character with, what w© would expect from an avatar of Talmage’s brimstone deity!
One school master is properly abashed by a display of superior enidition; another’s hand, raised in the act of chastisement, is withered. How the much-whipped mediaeval school boys must have secretly gloated over these episodes I But after nonplussing all the venerable doctors by His comprehensive knowledge of the law, He meekly abnegates His omniscience to settle down to study the Hebrew A B O’s I
This gospel was accepted by the Nestorians, Gnostics and Zoroastrians and made use of by ■Mohammed in compiling the Koran. It is transparently the source of certain incidents in the fKrishna myth. In fact, the gospel throughout is stamped with a pagan, impress. The new-born infant, like Buddha, utters a cradle proclamation of its own divinity.
The Magi, whose names, according to a tradition cherished in the Boman Catholic Church, were Gaspar, Melchior and Balthasar, render obeisance to His swaddling clothes, which prove non-inflammable on the altar. The Romanists extol the Star of Bethlehem, comparing it in holiness to the red star of the-sanctuary lamp before the Eucharist. -- =--- “
During the flight to Egypt, an oraqular idol announces thatjtt® Unknown God has come, vhereat the other idols topple over. Numerous lepers are- cleansed by the infant’s bath water (We are reminded how devout Hindus drink water which has collected in hoof-prints of the Sacred Cowl), and a balsam tree springs up from the sweat which Mary wrung out of His eoat. Judas Iscariot, possessed of a devil in youth, strikes the divine infant and thereby lays the foundation of his consummate sin.
Is it not surprising that an eminent molder of public opinion like Talmage should attach any serious weight to such a product of sacerdotal anilism; for what rational purpose is served by these grotesque and superfluous miracles, so dissimilar to the meaningful ones of the inspired text?
Disrepute Comparatively Recast
WE SURMISE that the reader may have become satiated with our quotations, enough excerpts having been given, we trust, to sustain our contention as to the important role played by the Apocrypha in the formulation of {Nicene orthodoxy. And let not this influence be underrated because of the obscurity and disrepute into which these books have lapsed in our times. Using a geological figure, our age represents merely the superficial “till” that overlies many thick strata of church history, during which time religious opinion was being solidified and crystallized.
Though, among thousands familiar with the sacred text, very few today are acquainted even superficially with the Apocrypha, it is nevertheless true that their understanding of the text is colored by traditions handed down from their forefathers, whose own interpretation was biased by false views inculcated through the Apocrypha. Probably a majority of church peo* pie are unaware that the Apocrypha have only been definitely excluded from their Bibles sine® 1827 by a decision of the British and Foreign Bibi® Society, which was then arrived at. They, were first pronounced of no authority by the Westminster Confession of 1648, though previously they had been scornfully opposed by Puritang and Presbyterians as pertaining to the “dirty linen” of the scarlet woman; however, the Puritans Jacked the discrimination to abjure all the doctrinal errors which these works sanctified.
The Greek Church, as early as the Council oft Laodicoa in 360 A. D., had ruled them out of the Canon; the Latin Church, on the other hand, always highly favored them, retaining them as an appendage to the sacred text until the Council of Trent (1545-63) when the Apocryphal Old Testament was placed on an equality with the rest. The Church of England still uses them in part “for edification”, but not “for the establishment of doctrine”.
There can be no question that the influence of these false scriptures in molding religious thought has been tremendous, and especially so during the long night of papal supremacy, when ’ the Bible was virtually inaccessible to the laity, whose sole religious instruction came through their pastors, many of whom themselves were illiterate. "
As late as WydifPs time, not only ignorant friars, but high prelates, were grossly unacquainted with the apostolic writings, though frequently compensating for this lack by being well versed in monastic lore, such as questionable chronicles of the saints and martyrs.
Investigation shows & pr@pondera.tion of these legends to be drawn from the Apocryphal books, which likewise furnished plots for papal pageants for the populace, and monkish mysteries performed as dramas. Some of these are almost verbatim representations of the stories related in these books.
Similarly, many pictures of old masters, prints of German and Italian engravings of the Renaissance period, wood-cuts in block-letter illuminations of missals and monastic MSB. are unintelligible save as elucidated in the Apocrypha.
** GOLuEN AGE
Bbookl.tm, N. Ts
Exit md Clergy
IS THEBE any merit in reminding church people that their creed in large part owes its inspiration, not to the Bible, bat to a decep----tive-eouaterfeit commentary on the same! It seems doubtful in view of the spirit of hedonism and autolatry which is overspreading Christendom. The more educated and intelligent make science their fetish, disregarding the periodic ^^repudiation of their own most cherished hypoth-ry~gges by scientific men. For instance^ yester-=L53ay?the La Place theory of cosmology wag MSE =-ri3ff confute Genesis, whereas today advanced? thinkers adhere to the Planetesimal Hypothesis, =^=^=whieh postulates a cold and rigid earth to begin With.
The temperamentally religious are apt to ears for cold facts, but to swarm after some leader whose personality is magnetic and who has the power to excite their emotions. Religion = is primarily an emotional experience with them. - So long as their emotional cravings are assuaged they are not hypercritical as to the medium; al-_ most any conglomeration of truth, half-truths _______and downright error will suffice. In the main, church attendance has become with the majority a formalistic observance.
Worldly people go to church as a part of their = asocial duties, expecting to be recompensed for their condescension by entertainment. That atyie of pulpit eloquence which focuses attention their sins, urging repentance, is not in favor. AEhe popular rector is he who discourses on topics of the day, or innocuous themes, such as the ^""-e^nparative ethical values of the Charleston y'~;W8i3sthe Valencia, or whether golf is to be preferred to baseball as recreation for the tired Business man.
-------------- Ostensibly the pastor’s office is unobtrusive ----- amiability, to assist with the tea trays at the LZVsewmff -circle or to marshal the boy scouts on VZZ.Weii’ excursions. His ostentatious role is un-—^asauming, boyish good fellowships but for all he remains, as hitherto, the servitor of or-~g£tdzed greed. Whenever, chafing over his own meager stipend, he is tempted into an ineonveni-ent enthusiasm for Blue Law enforcement, a ®urt intimation comes over the wires not to take himself too seriously.
In truth, old-fashioned piety is at a discount. She elder generation maintain their churches as ®n integral part of the social system they were
brought up under. The powers that be uphold the churches as an important factor in keeping the system intact, which insures their own perpetuation. But the younger generation take their church-going in a spirit of levity.
To them it represents an antiquated custom, out of place in our industrial age. They have been systematically taught by school and press to accept -as truth nothing that is not scientifically demonstrable. Their vision is of the future and not of the past, so_they are not deceived by
□ft© blundering purport to recon
cile religion to science. lEhey discern the actual incompatability of the two; so believing science to be truths they-diseard religion.
uMen Sought Ou-l IntxntimsP—
Sociologists define capitalis
tic system as surviving feudalism, v> ith money barons substituted for lords rtf the manors. Contract has superseded status? Biit a feudal society presupposes stability of population. The industrial revolution dislocated populations temporarily, but merely to redistribute _ them into new industrial groupings.
But the rapid development of machinery perpetually unstabilized these groupings. Machinery changed the whole face of human inter-relationships. Unperceived by humanity at large, it is accomplishing the dissolution of society. It has made old home life, which was an economic unit, impossible.
The impermanence of the home has disrupted the age-old code of ethics which was calculated to insure and safeguard home life. The rising generation has become emancipated by machinery from immemorial standards, ideals and institutions. These were a heritage from an agrarian past; but contemporary people are remote from the soil; they exist oblivious of wind and weather. The urbanite is a bottle-fed infant, nursed by concrete and steel, almost estranged from his mother, who was Adam’s also, to begirt with.
That is what the social economists tell us. They speak of the new freedom and the electrical recreation, of our habits and institutions. They stigmatize our present capitalistic organization of society as a vestige of expiring feudalism. The plane of cleavage, they point out, is not between plat© armor and gunpowder or even between the hand loom and the steam-engine
'(these were but the first symptoms of the transformation), but between latter day machinebased industrialism and our entire historical past
While preoccupied with his conventions and the routine of his daily affairs, the average person has been only dimly aware that through subtle and almost imperceptible changes a complete reordering has been effected of his scheme of life. He is in the habit of quoting with enthusiasm that science has "remade the world”, but considers this remaking in a superficial sense; but science is the handmaid of the machine, being justified by the machine. It was not science but the great inventions that inaugurated the revolutionizing of society. These inventions were not always, nor tiadeed often, the creations of brilliant mmete^but were bestowed, here and there, somewhat haphazardly.
Our-age represents a new world, a world whose community "fife, institutions, conventions, and cade of ethics have been realigned to suit the exigencies of existence for a race of machine tenders, In which category must be properly included office-worker^ and even the housewife. Today we are still in a transitionary stage, still experimenting with the new electrical equipment, reluctant to east on the dump our outworn feudal culture, which social economists, at least, recognize as parasitical and wasteful.
The rising generation has been bred in the machine shops or their subsidiaries. The excuse for an office building is the manufacturing plant. Besides, is not a stenographer a machine tender? The rising generation becomes increasingly intolerant of our antiquated “horse and buggy” standards. Our ancient morality appears to it ‘as prudish self-deception. It confesses to scant veneration for fossils, unless they date from the early Cambrian, but has a boundless admiration for the ephemeral present. ,
It is unconscious of the need to be religious, believing religion to be undemonstrabl®, so it makes science its religion because it has learned out of its school textbooks that science represents mathematical certainty. To youth, electrons are tangible realities, but the Bible consists of a collection of archaic folk-lore. Youth’s church-going is purely perfunctory and its motives devoid of pious significance. It is not interested in the supernatural.
“Reeling To and Fro”
LDEBLY people ding to aocustomeS ideals and standards. They see the ancient landmarks disappearing, bit by bit, but it-is a comfort to them to persuade themselves that the old order prevaileth interminably, though of course greatly modified and ameliorated by machine technology, or, as they conceive it, by science. They are rather flustered and bewildered by these rapid changes, but console themselves with the reflection that it is all improvement, all-for the best. "
They dare not even chide the insubordination of youth, but dotingly imagine that the antidote is increased church attendance. They themselves cannot dispense altogether with religion, but they want their religious draughts diluted by strong infusions of scientific theories. They have acquired a taste for scientific jargon.
Churchianity now finds itself in a difficult position. Its tenure of office latterly has meant a series of readjustments to conform to popular prejudices. Protestantism has been rent by a schism into two groups, Old Fogeyism and Scientific Religion. The one deifies Moloch; the other, Rama, the monkey god. Protestantism is trying to re-adapt itself to the machine age without antagonizing its old customers, the elderly. So it must perpetually compromise. It retains sectarian trappings, but makes large concessions to juvenile exuberance, toward which it affects a jovial sympathy.
The church cannot compel its old patrons to compromise with their consciences; but youth, not bound to it any longer by ties of tradition and reverence, it is fain to coax back into the fold. So the church opens its portals to the new freedom, letting in divorce, sex-equality, women evangelists and what not. It would be impolite to offend the ladies and impolitic to antagonize youth.
A dynamic religious sentiment is not very; current in the world today; which makes it hard to visualize the intense preoccupation of our forefathers with polemics. We read uncompre-hendingly and with mental reservations of skepticism of their acrimonies and iconoclasms and ecumemeal councils. Surely the common man was unaffected then as now, being engrossed in the pursuit of gain and pleasure I
WonDerting/" the World
WFE HAVE slighted the historical phenome-
* V non of religions revivals. During the early centuries of Christianity, a strong current of revived religious feeling had set in, keeping even pace with the material breakdown of antique civilization. Impotent to arrest the decay of culture, the church turned the hopes of humanity to mansions in the skies. The prevailing sensuality was sublimated into ecstatimsm. Sexworship was exalted into a higher plana ofjtEuH__ religious fervor. Christian enthusiasm -stayed-the moral rot of a decadent culture^ in spite of the -perversion of- the Master’s teachings by the -clergy.
The influence of the Man of Galilee reawakened the slumbering conscience of humanity, persisting century after century through the long night of mediaeval ignorance, the Renaissance down, the era of exploration and colonizing, the age of inventions, softening the asperities of the struggle for existence, mitigating human cruelty and rapacity, restraining tyranny, rebuking unbridled mendacity and licentiousness.
The dominant European type of man, the type that was imposing its own ideals on all the planet, called itself in the aggregate Christen-'dm It was nominally Christian, so in remaking the world at large into its own image, it -carried the gospel whithersoever its influence extended. Whatever its practical behavior^ it had let before it the Christian standard for its model. So by degrees it amended world-old abuses which were glaringly inconsistent with its Christian profession.
Only in these latter days ar® the Christian ideals being thrown aside as no longer valid. They are proving of no special value as vocational training in an age of machine specialization. The rising generation is growing up frankly pagan or atheistic. It has been educated out of its faith in religion, by science and pseudo---srienee. Ithastaen-weaned- of moral response-WtyJajtThoughtindPsychoanalysis. It has lea-rued that matter4s--energy and that the basis of alt energy must be-etectrical phenomena. It has faith in electricity, thgj^Aaowable, tat demands proof s~of W thflnroW&~tirod.
At the first advent, the invisible god of this world found his sovereignty (ffisfflFehged. Cosmic influences had entered his mundane dominion to undermine his power. He was powerless to stifle the reawakening of human conscience, but nevertheless permitted for a time to utilize the religious revival to perpetuate his own supremacy. He accomplished this result by sowingdiscord in the church, instilling confusion, diverting Christian enthusiasm to expend itself in futile efforts after mistaken goals.
A product of this Satanic meddling was the Apocryphal books of the New Testament, whence Churehianity derives, without acknowledging the indebtedness, in large part, its Catechism*
Events in Canada By Our Canadian Correspondent
public Ownership vs. Private Ownership
'OOE years the private railway companies now forming the public-owned railway, known as the Canadian National Railway, went from __ bad to worse financially and in other ways, until ft® Government of Canada had to step in and ___ take them over. These various systems were reorganized and placed under the management of -Sir Henry Thornton, an American by birth, with astonishing results. Atthe time Sir Henry was given charge there was a deficit °of over $58,00(yM)0. The improvement that has taken place is very well told in the following editorial appearing in the Toronto Star:
“Late in 1922 Sir Henry Thornton assumed
•ontroL In that year the deficit was $58,000,000; in 1923, $52,000,000; in 1924, 56,000,000; in 1925, $42,000,000; in 1926, only $30,000,000. In 1926 the net operating revenues of $48^)00,000 were sufficient, for the first time in history, to meet the debt charges due the public. For the first seven-months of lft87 the gross revenues showed an increase of nearly $4,000,000, but the net revenues were down $2,500,000, due to wage increase and expenditures upon maintenance. There is hope, however, of repeating tile record of 1927, with a deficit only half as large as that of 1922.
“This decrease has been accomplished in the face of increasing private and public motor ear and motor track competition. And there has been a decided betterment in service and morale as
well as in finances. The publicly-owned railways are today a thorough credit to Canada.
“The credit is not all Sir Henry’s. A foundation had already been laid by the previous management The country has enjoyed good crops and prosperity. But the fact is that he has accomplished what opponents of public ownership 'described as impossible. He has set the National system on its feet and, while reducing its deficit, has made it second to none in service.”
Pre^Aing &,e Gaspel m Smtl&s
IBLE Students throughout Canada, in their zeal to serve the cause of truth, began a few
months ago to redeem their spare time on Sundays by canvassing from place to place and door to door withrtheir publications in explanation of the- conditions in the world in the light of the Bible teachings.
They found everywhere the public glad to re-~ eeive them and talk^about the Bible. Particularly was this so in the country districts, where the farmers were free for a day and glad to have ‘ some call on them.
Were the clergy glad to see the Bible Students teaching the Bible thus on what they call the Lord’s day? By no means. In place of crying “Sedition” as they did during the war because some determined to be faithful to their God and' not kill their fellow man, they cried “Law-breakers” and wrote letters to the press calling attention to a law that they caused to be passed some years ago, entitled “The Lord’s Day Alliance Act”, arid stating that the Bible Students were violating that Act.
Did they cause that act to be passed in the interests of the people or for monetary gain? The following reported by one of the local papers as a news item from Ottawa will answer. The article is entitled “Kids Blow Collection on Ice Cream so Churches Assail Sunday Selling” and reads:
“As a result of complaints laid before last night’s meeting of the religious education council of Ottawa, steps are being taken by its executive to secure a more rigid enforcement of the Lord’s Day Alliance Act with respect to sales to children of candy, ice cream, etc.
“The reason supporting the complaints is that such sales deprive local Sunday schools of funds which would otherwise be theirs.”
TAe Plan far Canada
T TNDEB the caption “The French Ambition”, U Sentinel has th© following to say:
“The tenacity with which the French Canadian leaders stick to their objective of making this country French-speaking must be admired. It is a pity that British opposition to the movement is not more energetic.
“The movement has a broad outlook, not limited by the boundaries of the Dominion, but overflowing into the adjoining Republic. The vision of the French leaders was indicated by Henri Lemay, who, a few years ago, contributed a long article to the organ of Laval. University. In that he said:
“*At the rate of increase in our population there will be in a century, to judge by the century that has elapsed since the cession of the country to England, 40,000,000 Freneh-Cana-dians in North America.’
“Keeping that ambition in mind the sending of French nuns to the New England States to teach French in the schools is significant. A despatch from Montreal appeared in The Sentinel a few weeks ago stating that .a considerable group of French-teaching nuns left that city for the factory towns of the eastern states for the avowed purpose of teaching French to the children of the expatriates from Quebec. This gives the French movement an international aspect that reveals the horizon of the French visionaries.
“It is not the desire of the Quebec leaders that the habitant should leave this country. Canada is after all the promised land they aim to possess. But when they are unable to prevent the exodus to New England, they send religious missionaries after them to encourage them to preserve their racial identity in the foreign land. If they follow their compatriots to the Republic, how much more zealous will they b® to keep control of those who remain in the Dominion.
“Another paragraph in Mr. Lemay’s article is worth giving as a part of his sweeping vision of Canada’s future. He says:
“‘Let us stop for an instant to consider the future map of Canada. From Cape Breton to Lake Superior, the whole country will have become a land almost exclusively French. It will be only in the south of Ontario and certain parts of Nova Scotia that French will not be generally spoken.’ ” ’
SMI I Send Her to Business C®le<e? (ContiWuted)
FTOEY ecane to me from time to time, to© «*■ questioners, Hey are middte-aged, work-hardened and a little stooped ; they aw plainly dressed, wry plainly sometimes; tor when there is a family to he educated father and mother eannot go about like miffionmres. They are kindly, earnest, moderate; somewhat dfimexd about asking what they fear may seem a stupid question; but out it comes, prompted by a keen desire to do the beet they ean for a dear child. "My daughter is about ready to graduate; shall I give her a business education! You ought to know. You work in an office ” K
Hw it happens that I love such earnest pan-ents.and I can readily understand how they sum up the situation. A business education; a little more sacrifice, a little more self-denial, and daughter will be ready to do her bit. That is the great attraction about the business course, It is short and inexpensive, and this is an item when one considers that a girl’s money-earning career usually ends (either happily or unhappily, but none-the-less surely) when she says “I do”. Most girls who start a business coarse are able to finish it, and most of those who finish find work without much trouble. That is another nice thing about it Experienced stenographers and bookkeepers get married and go to housekeeping, and it keeps the market lively.
The world of business possesses a universal appeal. To enter it an unusually high intelleeta-afity is not required and a common or grade school education is sufficient preliminary preparation for a business course, which course need not take longer than from six to nine months. When completed, aposition may be had that offers year-round employment with short hours, a salary paid regardless of absence due to sickness or holidays, and a vacation of from one to four weeks a year with pay. Socially, a stenographer’s position carries with it no opprobrium. In the office she is a veritable autocrat, ronridering heroelf much abused if she is required to do anything more menial, than a ligjht dusting of the office in the morning after the serub-womcn have gone through at night. Compared with the money expended for her course of preparation, a girl’s opportunities for advancement in both position and salary are large; for the good stenographer’s notebook is merely the key that gives access to a mighty world of promotion which may carry her eventually into
the management or presidency of some great corporation in a field that is practically unlimited; but—
About one stenographer in one hundred and fifty is worthy of toe name. Just to illustrate: I heard the manager of my firm dictate a letter in which occurred the phrase; “The man wm formerly in our employ/’ When transcribed it read: "Th® man was formally in our employee” The same girl, when she could not get the word "Telephone” on one line, hyphenated it as follows: "Tetep-hone.” And such work is the rule, not the exception. A good worker is so rare that she is prized above rubies. Just how highly she is valued is well 'shown by toe following story;
A friend of mine wished to change her position. She was warned that wor^ was scarce and she would better stay where'' she was until conditions improved. Undeterred, she tendered her resignation to take effect in two weeks and advertised in the "Positions Wanted” columns of a daily paper. She did not say how many years’ experience she had had, nor did she go into detail as to what she could do. She simply stated: "Quality of work above average.” fn two days’ time she had good offers from a ma-ehinery manufacturer, brewery (Perish the thought!), a law firm, a water-meter manufae-,tarer and several others. Bid she accept any of these offers? She did not. When the man for whom she worked found out that she really intended leaving he gave her stock and made her a member of the firm to keep her. Quality work is the important thing, and quality work in any line comes easily to the person who is naturally fitted for toe work'he is doing.
The little girl whom you would like to send to business college—ean she spell? Is her knowledge of grammar good? Boes she know the difference between "affect” and "effect”, between "excess” and "access”, between "to and too or two”? or does she only think she knows? Will she he able to improve a sentence or a paragraph badly gttmbled in dictation and do it'so well that her employer will smile gleefully at toe finished fetter and consider himself a marvelous grammarian? Ability along these lines is not so general as one might think. I have had "experienced stenographers” in my office who have asked me when to capitalize wards and how to punctuate sentences! It is no wonder that
We business man grumbles: *T don’t want a stenographer ; I want a good stenographer F
Is your daughter's mteOeet at least moderately good ? She doe® not have to be iwpaw ly briffiant, alttomght briffimwe of course will stand her in good stead; but if you love your little daughter and want her to be happy » h» work do not train her for the offioe If she is ths practical type that prefers sewing or millinery or cooking to brain work, I mi^tet go into extended detail in explaining how to find out what she is fitted for; but this would make an article in itself. There is one general and simple test that I will mention in passing, and it is this : ’A person whose forehead is wide (not necessarily high) Is likely to find brain work of some sort enjoyable or at least bearable; one whose forehead is very narrow and low is not at all fitted for much mental effort
Granted now that the young lady is by nature fitted for office work, let us draw aside the curtain® that hang between business college and the business world and view for a little while the scenery In that enchanted land where notebook and typewriter .are the Open Sesame to unlimited supplies of money and fame, catering to the greedy desires of eager youth. Such a view, by showing what sort of development is necessary, mpy help both parents and daughter to decide the important question that heads this article.
Just in passing, let me state that if a girl is genuinely bright and industrious she can get a satisfactory business education in a night school while working by day, preferably in an office of course, as office girl or file clerk To go even a step further in the pathway of economy: I know a girl who started as file -clerk jn a large office,, obtained the use of an old typewriter, wrote to a typewriter manufacturer for a free hook on touch typing, made a splendid typist of herself and then took a correspondence course in shorthand which cost her twenty-two dollars cash. That was eight years ago, and today she holds & position of responsibility with an aggressive’ firm of which she is a member, draws a good salary, is her employer’s right-hand man and anmedly corrects the mistakes of fellow employes who are high school and college graduates. Her shorthand is now the least pari of her work, which is executive mainly. All of this merely proves that if a person would reach the highest point of efficiency and usefulness in his work he must enter a field for which he is fitted, Let me say again: Do not send daughter to business college simply bemuse it offers quick and easy returns. The tomium world is choked with thousands of just such workers.
Fmo’* P^ i® the Bwinew Wrfd
WOMAN’S place in the business world is
much like her place in the home. Broadly speaking, she is the shock absorber. When an Mated employer rushes her in the preparation of sales letters and speeifications, her imruflfed disposition and calm fingers on the keys must guard against mistakes. She should have confidence in the ability of the men who must necessarily take the offensive in the fight for an existence. A woman’s desk in an office can be, and often is, a haven of refuge and help for discouraged salesmen. A thoughtful girl who site quietly at her desk each day and through whose fingers passes all the eorrespondenee on a *big deal® is wuafly competent to give eaten ®d good counsel on the handling of that same tog deal; and her advice is frequently sought Good judgment and a reposeful spirit are therefore assets to the business woman.
Tad is another quality thqt makes a woman valuable in the business world, and tactfulness is as much a part of the average woman’s character as are good judgment .and a quiet spirit. A naan likes to have the girls in his department in charge of an older woman; and I have known such older business women to be veritable Gibraltar of encouragement and help to the younger element, whq idolize and quote them at every turn, A tactful woman can very often handle an irate customer better than the Big Boss himself. (Don’t I know I How many times have I not said: "Leave him to me. I’ll calm him down”; and he calmed down quite nicely.) -
At the telephone, too, a woman can do better than a man. Her voice is more likely to be pleasant. Her aptitude for detail is of help. When she gets the wrong number, strikes a busy line or chances upon a verbal entanglement with -sopie bristling porcupine (usually male) at the calling end of the line, her vocabulary is more likely to be limited to such words as are admissible in polite company.
All this would seem to show that a woman’s place in business is a strictly feminine one. If she affects masculinity she defeats herself at
the start If an employer wants masculinity, there is still plenty of legitimate masculinity to be had. If a woman is to be valuable in business she must possess the qualities that make for true womanhood,’ viz., cleanliness, orderliness, economy, gentleness, courtesy, kindness, cheerfulness, honesty, intelligence. Why should a woman try to imitate a man when there is so much he does easily that she never can do at all and ==-—when she can do so much, that it would appal a — wm only to consider? Fifty-fifty was the ar-—zrangement when the Lord separated Eve from
Adam, and fifty-fifty it is to this day wherever men. and women work together and get the best results.
The Importance of General Knowledge
IN THIS age of extreme specialization it is doubtless wise to emphasize the need of general knowledge. General knowledge cannot be taught. It is the result of self-cultivation. It is _____ general knowledge that makes a person fit for Tmy line, any position, in the hurrying business ——world, where opportunities for advancement open .Ike whirlpools in a rushing stream and disappear as quickly. Fail a busy executive 'once, last once, 0 ambitious woman; and the are that he will not have time to try you pz; .out again. General knowledge is what a person supposed to get in high school and college;
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