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    Contents of the Golden Age

    »a=r- ------------......... ... ' Iir^rn-.—....... .........:■ .

    Labor and Economics What the World is Doing ............ . , .

    Items Regarding the Use of Anthracite

    Social and Educational Why Parents Love their Own Children Best

    The Spartan Mother (Poem) .........

    Speedwriting

    “Abyeh” I

    Finance—Commerce—Transportation Los Angeles and San Francisco Ports Compared .

    Lake Ports not Included

    The Unfair Medium of Exchange

    Political—Domestic and Foreign

    Curious Conditions in Congress

    Power of the Anarchists

    Mr. Hughes Visits the Vatican

    What Men Will Do for Money

    Forcible Voting in Australia

    Would Make Murder Illegai

    Civilization in Pennsylvania

    Agriculture and Husbandry Conditions in Scott, Mississippi

    A Boost fob the Goats

    Science and Invention "Scientists” Flaunt the Almighty

    Home and Health Cheerful News fob the Meat-Eaters

    Aluminum Dishes and Drugs

    Travel and Miscellany Archaeology in Western Lands.............

    Religion and Philosophy Enroute Abound the World ...........» . * . .

    Jesus Never in India ........... ,

    Blessings fob the People During the Millennium ......

    A Model Prayer ...........

    Studies in "The IIahp of God” . .

    Published every other Wednesday at 18 Concord Street," Brooklyn, N. Y„ U. S. A., by WOODWORTH, HUDGINGS & MARTIN,

    Copartners and Proprietors Address: IS Concord Street, Brooklyn, N. T„ U. S. A. CLAYTON J. WOODWORTH . . . Editor ROBERT J. MARTIN . Business Manager WM. F. HUDGINGS . . Sec’y and Treas.

    FIVE Cents a Copy—?1.00 a Year Make‘Remittances to THE GOLDEN AGE Notice to Subscribers: We do not, as a rule, send a card of acknowledgment for a renewal or for a new subscription. A renewal blank (carrying notice of expiration) will be sent with the journal one month before the subscription'expires. Change of address, when requested, may be expected to appear on address label within one month. Foreign Offices : British ..... 84 Craven Terrace, Lancaster Gate, London W. 2 Canadian ......... 38-40 Irwin Avenue, Toronto, Ontario Australasian....... 495 Collins Street, Melbourne, Australia

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    Entered as second-class matter at Brooklyn, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879 crtw Golden Age

    Volume Vil! Brooklyn, N.Y., Wednesday, Octobers, 1926 Number 184

    What the World is Doing

    Bethlehem Steel Relief Plan

    BETHLEHEM Steel employes earning $1,500 a year or less are paid benefits_pf $10 a week, in case of sickness or death, for a period of one year, if they have worked for the company five years, or benefits for four years, if they have worked for the company twenty years. Those whose earnings are more are paid bene-, fits of $12 per week for similiar periods.

    Argument in Favor of High Wages

    IN AN address before the New England Bankers Association, Lewis E. Pierson, prominent in banking circles and in the United States Chamber of Commerce, said, “High production, high wages and high consumption are the cardinal principals of modern American industry; and throughout the world today American industry is competing with the industries of other countries which are proceeding on the theory of low production, low wages and low consumption.”

    United States Encourages Militarism

    ACCORDING to John Nevin Sayre, head . of the National Committee on Militarism in Education, the United States is now the most militaristic country. It has taken the lead in establishing military training in schools and colleges. Russia, Japan and Mexico are. following the American example and using the course of the United States as an argument for militarizing their youth.

    Federal Reserve Not Taking Chances

    IT IS apparent to every visitor to the Federal Reserve Bank building in New York City that no one around there is taking any chances. Every visitor is watched by armed men. The gold reserve of the country is kept in a vault

    , the walls of which are of steel ten feet thick. The only entrance is through a slot in a vertical cylinder the weight of which is ten tons. Even beyond the cylinder there are other gates and bars protecting the gold.

    Wealth of the United States

    OF THE $353,000,000,000 estimated wealth of the United States, about $1,000,000,000 are invested in Asia, $2,000,000,000 in Europe, $2,600,000,000 in South America, $2,500,000,000 in Canada, and $1,500,000,000 in Mexico and Central America. The wealth is increasing so rapidly that despite lowering of taxes on a large scale in the last fiscal year, the government had a surplus of $400,000,000 at the end of the year. The national income is put at about $70,000,000,000. One-third of the total wealth is in the land or mineral deposits, one-third in structures, and one-third in personal effects which can be moved around.

    Busy Days for Calvin

    TXTHAT with plaster falling on him in the ’ ’ White House and in his church and in the theatre where he went to worship after the church ceiling was found insecure, matters look as if the fates had it in for Mr. Coolidge. And it looks even more that way, politically. With Iowa, North Dakota and other western states turning away from him and with the exposures of corruption in Pennsylvania, it looks like hard sledding ahead for the present standard-bearer of the Republican party.

    Church Built of Grindstones

    "PHILADELPHIA has a church built of grindstones, which had first served their time in the making of saws in that city. More than 2,500 grindstones were used’in building the church. Thousands more were used in building a retaining wall several blocks long. Philadelphia has one of the largest saw-making establishments in the world.

    Warm in the West

    TTP UNTIL the first of August all the eastern part of the United States complained of a cold, backward summer, while the western part of the country found it warmer than usual. The cold belt stretched back from the Gulf Coast aiid the Atlantic seaboard about one thousand mjles, following the shore line with remarkable accuracy at that distance. The edge of the cold belt just included Santa Fe, Fort Smith, St. Louis, Chicago, Green Bay and Marquette. West of those cities it was warmer than usual throughout the spring and summer months.

    Necessity for Reducing Hours of Work

    THE Chamber of Commerce sees the necessity for further reductions in hours of work. It calls attention to the fact that while the growth in population is only about sixteen percent above that of 1913, yet facilities for manufacture have increased thirty percent, and a capacity for production exists which is beyond America’s ability to consume. There is an argument here also in behalf of higher wages and smaller profits. Unless the workers are paid good wages they cannot buy the surplus that can be produced.

    Fewer Deaths by Automobiles

    FOR the first year since the automobile began . to claim its victims 1926 shows thus far fewer killed than in the previous year. The improvement is small but encouraging. The number killed is standing stationary at about 24,000 per year. Even this amount is a goodsized city in itself.

    Thousands Slain in Pennsylvania Battle

    IN THE battle for their daily bread in the state of Pennsylvania during the past ten years 24, 699 human beings lost their lives while at work, or suffered injuries which caused their death. In the same state, in the same period, there were 1,811,982 non-fatal accidents. These figures do not include domestic servants or agricultural workers.

    Sanitary Survey of Mines of Alabama

    HDHE United States Government Sanitary sur-' vcy of the Coal Mines of Alabama discloses that eighty percent of the coal-mining towns of Alabama have no sidewalks, none have any sewers, less than half have improved streets. Mine-company houses have leaky 'roofs, bad floors and walls often papered with only newspapers. Methods of garbage handling are inadequate; the average town has no bathhouse ; tuberculosis among the workers is prevalant.

    The Camden-Philadelphia Bridge

    TUST at present the Camden-Philadelphia ^ bridge has the longest span of any suspension bridge in the world. It is 1,750 feet between the towers, and in total length is 1. 82 miles. The cables, thirty inches in diameter, support the roadway 135 feet above the river. The width of the bridge is 125 feet. Its cost was $33, 000, 000. It was built in four and one-half years. The bridge is constructed so as to carry the load if packed solid with trolley cars, electric trains and automobiles. The bridge was formally opened July 4th, 1926.

    Philadelphia-Washington Air Service

    'PHILADELPHIA is advertising as one of her standard attractions this summer a very good air service to Washington. Ten planes are employed. The trip between the two cities, which lie 135 miles apart, is made in an hour and a half. The fare one way is $15; round trip $25. The planes carry mail as well as passengers.

    New Record to Chicago

    li/TRS. Cyrus H. McCormick, Jr., recently made the run from New York to Chicago, 908 miles, via the Pennsylvania Railroad, in what is said to be record time between the two cities, namely 16 hours, 55 minutes. For some time the Pennsylvania had a train which made the trip regularly in eighteen hours. The present time of the Broadway Limited is. twenty hours. Mrs. McCormick left New York at 5:48 p. m. and reached Chicago the next morning at 9:43. It is estimated that the cost of the special was ovex’ $7,000.

    Curious Conditions in Congress

    as

    OWING to the effective disfranchisement of southern Negroes and to the failure to make a reapportionment every ten years, called for by the Constitution, the curious fact is pointed out that whereas the city of Los Angeles, California, cast more votes for President in 1924 than Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi qombined, yet those southern states have thirty representatives in Congress while Los Angeles has two.

    Why Farmers Need Relief

    FARMERS are paying a large part of the expense for building roads that other people wear out before the bonds are paid. They are building union schoolhouses, which no doubt are nice to have but which boost taxes to points where the farmer cannot meet the conditions. In 1920 the mortgage indebtedness of the farmers of the country was $3,500,000,000, but today it is $12,250,000,000. It is claimed that the condition of the farmers throughout the country is much worse today than it was five years ago. In view of the prosperous condition of the country as a whole it must be very apparent that the farmer is not getting an adequate share of it. :

    Carpholite Discovered in Texas '

    CARPHOLITE, said to be the excrement of extinct animals and worth great sums as fertilizer, has been discovered near San Antonio, Texas. The deposit, which is in the form of green sand, is said to be in a layer forty feet thick and covering at least 100 acres. It is said to run about twelve percent potash and twenty-seven percent iron oxide. Besides being a rich fertilizer, the carpholite is said to be an excellent water purifier.

    Movies Aid the Insane

    EXPERIMENTS in West Ham, a suburb of

    London, have disclosed the fact that the movies are an aid to the insane. Patients are now allowed to dress in street clothing and to go to the movies in the neighborhood of the hospital. They observe good order and give evidence of being benefited by contact with other people and by the dramas and humorous films seen.

    The Sound of Clenching the Hand .

    WHEN a stethoscope is applied to the hand, and the sound of clenching is amplified, the noise made is said to sound like the running of a tractor over a tin roof. The muscles of the arm and the wrist give forth a sound like a steam roller going into action, while the beating of the human heart sounds like the bell on a Big Ben alarm clock in its distinctness.

    Washing the Cinders out of Smoke

    AT THE Edison plant in New York City, where 4,000 to 6,000 tons of coal per day are burned, one hundred tons of cinders and dust that otherwise would be thrown out into the air for New Yorkers to breathe and for New York housewives to clean up, are every day washed out of the smoke ascending from the great chimneys. The ascending smoke is forced through a tank of water which cleanses it of its dust content.

    Artificial Rosewood and Mahogany

    IN THE Maine forests, near Machias, the work of turning beeches into rosewood and yellow birches into mahogany goes merrily on. The results are said to defy the detection of even expert lumbermen. The dyes, which are the invention of a German chemist, are said to dye a large tree completely in four days; and the results are permanent. The inventor claims that the dyes do not injure the trees. Any desired shade of color may be had. The work is being carried on under the direction of the University of Maine.

    Housewives Losing their Jobs

    HOUSEWIVES are gradually losing their jobs. Bread, beans, pies, cakes, doughnuts, are seldom made at home any more but are produced in great factories. They are good and cheap.

    Soup from Potato Peelings

    STRANGE as it may seem, one of the most nutritious of soups may be made from potato peelings, which have first been carefully cleaned of all blemishes. The peeling of the potato contains several of the mineral elements which the human body needs. These are lost when the potato is peeled. The best way to prepare potatoes is to bake them.

    Condensed Recipe for Long Life

    T ESS food. More water. Active bowels. ; Young companions. Industry. Warm feet.

    Cool head. Neat clothes. Slow up. Don’t worry.

    Playful Seals Sink a Boat

    OFF the coast of California are large quantities of seals and sealions, protected by the state. Occasionally they get overly friendly with small craft in their vicinity. The other day fifteen of them climbed upon a twenty-two-foot power launch without asking the owner’s consent, and sent his vessel down to Davy Jones’ locker. This happened at Santa Monica bpaeh.

    ^Liberty in Bellingham

    BECAUSE his parents objected to having their nine-year-old boy forced to salute the flag in a school in that city, a judge in Bellingham, Washington, has issued a permanent order taking the child away from its-parents. The child is kept in a detention home. His parents have been refused permission to see him, and he is being compelled to salute the flag regularly. “My country, ’tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing.”

    Mexico’s New Penal Code

    IN MEXICO’S new penal code there are severe penalties incurred by priests of foreign birth if they hold religious services in Mexico; all education is made secular; monasteries and convents are disbanded and must not reassemble; minors must not be induced to join such orders; priests cannot criticize laws or acts of authorities orally or by printed literature, nor organize political parties, nor hold political meetings in churches. Outside the churches neither priests nor nuns may wear religious garb. They may not acquire or administer property or - capital. They may not open new churches without permission from authorities. The pope wants Catholics everywhere to pray for a change of these orders of the Mexican government, which he alleges are “hypocritical forms of pretended legality”. He also objects to the enforcement of these orders, resulting, as they do, in frequent ejectment from the country of priests or nuns who have violated these laws. The penal code still permits prayers.

    The Power of the Anarchists

    f"\NCE the world was afraid that a few misguided fanatics who call themselves anarchists would upset Christendom. Today it knows that the most powerful group of anarchists on earth is masquerading under the name of religion. In Mexico this group has deliberately tried to destroy all law and order by using its influence to bring the Mexican government to its knees. The manifesto of the anarchists openly declared that it sought to produce a complete paralysis of social and economic life so that the government may be compelled to submit to its demands. There are still wilder times ahead for Mexico, and the ecclesiastical anarchists are responsible.

    Religious Liberty in Mexico

    COMMENTING upon Mexico’s recent legislation on religious matters, the Seattle Union Record observes:

    That the Roman Catholic church in the days of it? power in Mexico never granted one iota of that liberty to others for which it now pleads for itself; that the Roman Catholic church used its power to acquire immense estates, estimated at the time of the reforms of 1859 to amount to at least one-third of the entire republic, and that it never used this power in any adequate fashion for the education and advancement of the peons over whom it had almost absolute control,' and finally that down to the present the church generally has sided with the great landlords and concessionholders against the masses of the people.

    Mr. Hughes Visits the Vatican

    Mr. Charles E. Hughes, ex-Secretary of State of the United States, and one time candidate for president on the Republican ticket, has been paying an extended visit to Rome, where he has been in frequent conference with a Mr. Ratti, better known as the pope and sometimes called-“His Holiness” by some who should know better. Mr. Hughes is one of the cleverest politicians in the United States; and Mr. Ratti, before he was elected pope, was conceded to be one of the cleverest politicians in Europe. No one can blame these two politicians for getting together, and no one can blame the common people for wondering what deal is on now for which eventually they will be called upon to pay the bills.

    Pope Said to be Hard Up

    THE pope, whose income even in 1870, when the last budget was published, was some $650,000,000 a year, is now said to be a little short of spending money, owing to the fact that not so much revenue was made from off the pilgrims to Rome in 1925 as had been anticipated. Since 1870 the pope has issued no financial statements. All power is in his hands to use in any way he sees fit whatever money comes to him. The pope’s gardeners are said to get a wage of fifty cents a day; but the “Cardinal’s Special” which carried the “princes” to the Chicago circus last June, was the most extravagant railway train ever built. It cost millions.

    Harvey’s Cable to the Pope

    THE press carries a copy of a cablegram sent by the pastor of a Baptist church in Newport, Kentucky, to the pope at Rome, in which the pastor, W. B. Harvey, said:

    Your invitation through Cardinal Bonzano to Protestant America to return to the Catholic Church is rejected for the following and other reasons: We will not surrender our national independence, our public schools, free speech, free press, religious liberties and our Bibles, which our forefathers fought and died and won for us. In turn Protestant America invites you to accept Jesus Christ as your Savior and come back to the Bible. If you cannot accept our invitation, then you must cease meddling in American politics,

    Why St. Anthony Fails?

    A ROMAN Catholic religious association in Washington, D. C., offers to lay certain petitions at the foot of St. Anthony’s statue provided the petitioners will promise to give a certain sum of money if St. Anthony comes across with the thing desired. But it is intimated that Anthony may fail to deliver the goods. This arouses the suspicion that Anthony himself never sees the money but that somebody else gets it, and that that is why he fails. Sounds reasonable.

    A Bad Outlook for the People

    THE Nation calls attention to the fact that whichever way one looks the outlook for the common people is not good. The Japanese arrest 300 Koreans who want independence, the French and Spanish whip Abd-el-Krim, the Druses are being destroyed, the Egyptians dare not seat as premier the one whom they elected to the place, while Uncle Sam is as far from granting independence to the Philippines as he was twenty years ago.

    The Probity of the Red Man

    MR. H. Woodman, a white man, the son A.VX of a physician, lived much of his life among the Indians of New Mexico. He is authority for the statement that over five hundred treaties were made between the Indians and white settlers up to 1873, and not one,of them was first broken by an Indian. A promise was kept at all costs, even a promise to return to a post to be executed.

    What Men Will Do for Money

    WHAT men will do for money is being shown up by action taken by the United States government in Oklahoma to protect a family of the Osage Indians from extermination. White men who coveted the riches of one of the wealthy Osage families started a campaign of extermination and had actually slain thirteen members of the family, some by shooting, some by poison and some by bombing, when the government stepped in. In one instance a jailor granted a four hours’ leave of absence to a prisoner so that he might explode One of the bombs, which killed three persons.

    Meanings of Some Indian Names

    Massachusetts means blue hills;

    Schenectady, beyond the pines; Ontario, rocks standing in the water; Niagara, the neck; Canada, big village; Detroit, bend in the river; Kalamazoo, stones in the water; Michigan, large lake; Milwaukee, beautiful land; Iowa, sleepy place; Mississippi, father of waters; Missouri, yellow river; Pueblo, people of many villages; Chicago, wild onion.

    Woman Suffrage Among the Indians

    FROM earliest times the women of American Indians enjoyed equal rights with the men in the selection of tribal chieftains and in the formation of laws. In some of the tribes the nominations for chief were made only by the women. In some tribes they nominated three men who. made the final selection. Any chief could be removed for cause. At a council meeting any man or any woman could bring up any subject for discussion by the tribe.

    What the Indians Taught Us

    TT WAS from the North American Indian that the white man learned the value of Indian corn, white potatoes, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, maple syrup, maple sugar, cranberries, celery, oysters, popcorn, succotash, hominy, scrapple, corn pone and hard-shell clams. He was the inventor of the snow-shoe, birchbark canoe, moccasin, cornhusk mattress, feather duster, willow basket and the most wonderful of blankets. He Was the first man to eat and enjoy pumpkin pie.

    The American Indian Calendar

    IN THE language of the Indian a day was a sun, a year was a great sun, a month was a moon; January was cold moon; February, hungry moon; March, awakening moon; April, grass moon; May, planting moon; June, rose moon; July, heat moon; August, thunder moon; September, hunting moon; October, traveling moon; November, beaver moon; December, long night moon.

    Seaplane Service in Colombia

    SOUTH America is rapidly coming to the front. For four years seaplanes have maintained a ten-hour service from Bogota to the Pacific Coast without a single accident. The planes are navigated by German aviators. The trip, which is 800 miles in length, was formerly broken up into several short railway and steamer trips and consumed ten days. Colombia produces ninety percent of all the emeralds found in the world.

    Salesmen Came Here to Learn

    ALESMEN of the largest department store in London visited the United States during

    August to study American methods of buying and selling goods.

    What the New Republic Fears

    TIE New Republic, referring to the unseemly haste of the Conservatives in the House of Lords to get away from debate on the mining question so that they might attend their evening social engagements, says:

    There is often a time in the history of revolutionary movements when the sheer effrontery of the ruling class puts a final and unendurable strain on the patience of those who suffer under their oppression and inefficiency.

    The French noblesse gave notable instances of this insolence of privilege before it went to the guillotine or over the Rhine. The British aristocracy has always shown its wisdom in refraining from such provocative behavior, but last week’s proceedings in Parliament suggest the moment of madness with which the gods anticipate their vengeance. The peers who ostentatiously put the pleasures of their own dinner tables before the consideration of the case of the starving miners may have occasion to remember one Foulon, who told the starving people of Paris to go and eat grass.

    Private Bersot’s Trousers

    T T NDER the above title The Nation contains a heart-rending account of an incident in France during 1915. A French mechanician desiring a pair of new trousers refused to don a pair of dirty blood-spattered trousers just stripped from the body of one who had been killed. His Colonel called a court-martial at which he also presided, excluded all evidence except that of the complainants, and then had the man officially murdered. The case will now be reviewed, but that will not bring the murdered man back to life.

    Hospital Service by Plane

    HOSPITAL service by plane is maintained in the northern part of Sweden and Norway. Doctors visit remote districts by this means and in some instances bring patients back for treatment in hospitals. A German physician recently ordered a person suffering from concussion of the brain to be sent home by airplane, 300 miles; not merely because it was quicker but because the patient would thus suffer less from shock and vibration than by any other means of travel. '

    Man Emerging from His Shell

    ONDEMNED by society to dress and loot? like a beetle, poor man' is now rebelling;

    and at last, even in Vienna, men have appeared on the streets in shirt waists and without any coats. Some day they may even come to have the same rights, as human beings, which the women already freely enjoy.

    Better Conditions in Vienna

    AUSTRIA seems to be in much better condition than at any time since the war. The currency has been stabilized, the budget has been met, the financial system has been overhauled, and the revenues have increased. Vienna, which is governed by Socialists, has just opened in a working class district what is admitted to be the finest bath house in Europe.

    All Italians Must Pay the Fascisti

    ALL Italians in Italy must pay for the support of the Fascisti, regardless of whether they belong to any of the fifteen recognized associations into which the people of the country have been divided, and whether they like it or not. In effect this will cause a huge stream of wealth to flow into the coffers of the Fascisti and help to fasten this octopus securely about Italian necks.

    All Italians Must Work or Starve

    LONG with the doing of things which few can admire Mr. Mussolini certainly does some things which awaken admiration. He has now issued a proclamation in which he declares that it is treason for the unproductive rich, their sons and their mistresses, to utilize the wealth of the nation for their own luxury; and implies that they are in for a rude awakening. He classes them with tramps, vagabonds, paupers, thieves and idiots. It is not his intention to include the clergy in this class just yet, as, for the present, such loafers are quite useful to his purpose.

    Italy Greatly Improved in Many Ways

    0 ONE can deny that in the matter of material improvement Italy has greatly flourished under its dictator. There are better sanitation, water supply and drainage. Cities are cleaner, health rates better and hospitals the best. Factories are working full time and more factories are springing up. Trade is increasing. Beggary has ceased. Roads are perfect. The people are well fed. The government banks have quadrupled their resources. It is admitted that Mussolini is spending nothing on himself, which is one reason for his great power with the people.

    Dividing Another Man’s Property

    ABYSSINIA, for some reason or another, seems to object to the agreement between Italy and Britain whereby, according to an Abyssinian paper, these two nations are deliberately dividing between themselves economio rights which belong not to them but to Abyssinia. All three of these nations are members of the League of Nations, and Abyssinia is now wondering of just what value it is to belong to the League anyway, especially when a stronger nation wants your property. Abyssinia has asked the League for permission to import modern arms, so that it may defend its rights.

    AAA

    Unusual Weather in Italy

    TTALY has been experiencing unusual weather conditions during this past season. At a time wThen the country is usually dry, there have been frequent and prolonged rains. In some places there have been unusual showers of ants and butterflies. These are not unknown at other times, but have been larger this year than before. Snow has been deep in the Alpine valleys.

    Economic War Against the Whites

    WRITER in the New Palestine says:

    In Eastern Asia the Chinese are quickly, and the

    Indian slowly, supplanting European and American competition; and as on the Pacific Coast the yellow men are rapidly turning from coolies into merchants and into manufacturers, and even into millionaires, a similar process prevails in the modernized Moslem Orient. Here it is only in its very genesis, being more advanced in India and Egypt; it is until today hardly observable in Tripoli, Iraq, Palestine and Morocco; but everywhere the economic competition against the white race or the Christian is being prepared. Eastern Asia and Soviet Eussia will be the allies of Islam in this subterranean war of which little is written and less is thought.

    The Passing of the Camel

    ONE modem freight train of fifty cars will carry as much freight as about 10,000 camels laden with 400 pounds apiece, which is . all they usually bear. Today, m every great city of America, hundreds of trains of fifty cars each arrive and leave. The camel must go. It is already going, even in the lands where it has been used from time immemorial. The auto is being used now for crossing desert wastes with a speed, staying qualities, carrying capacity, ease and comfort of travel which the camel never had.

    IN NUMBER 170 of the Golden Age we presented some Htems on Archaeology”, applied to Africa and Asia. They attracted much interest; and we append further items on the Same subject, applied to Europe and America, •merely reminding our readers at the outset that the earlier settled continents of Africa and Asia are naturally the chief fields of archaeological interest. '

    There is a reason for the oft-repeated proverb, “Westward the course of empire takes its way.” It is because the peoples of earth have moved westward and taken their empires along with them. Secular no less than Biblical history attests the fact that Europe was settled from Asia, and Greece was the first of the European countries inhabited.

    The archaeological treasures of Greece are considered so important that forty American colleges have united their plans and resources for systematic work in Athens, where buildings worth a million dollars will be removed in order to permit the uncovering of classical treasures known to exist twenty-five to thirty feet beneath the surface. Digging will begin next year.

    In the city of Corinth, rebuilt from its ruins in B. C. 46 by Julius Csesar, there has recently been uncovered the wall of an arena built under his direction, which shows a number of paintings beautifully done by fine artists, all in an excellent state of preservation.

    Prof. Rhys Carpenter, head of the Department of Archaeology of Bryn Mawr College, near Philadelphia, Pa., was so fortunate as to ’discover about two years ago, on a lonely windswept island off the coast of Spain, the site of the Greek city of Hermoskopeion, the first Greek settlement in Spain. The location of the city had been lost to history for two thousand years.

    Home and Pompeii

    IN THESE days science, so-called, is obliged frequently to reverse itself. Tradition told us that Rome was founded by twin brothers, Romulus and Remus, who, abandoned by their mother, were reared in babyhood by a she-wolf which had lost her own offspring. Along came science, which denied the possibility of this, and even questioned whether any such boys ever existed. But in digging deeply under the Emperor Domitian’s palace recently a number of clay tablets were found, sketched with a stylus, on one of which the outlines of Romulus and Remus being fed by a she-wolf were easily discernible.

    Rome, like Athens, is a treasure house for archaeologists, and it has been built within times sufficiently recent so that som^ of its ancient objects of interest still exist in a fair state of preservation. Part of the Tiber bridge which IToratius defended in the sixth century B. C. is still in use.

    But the center of archaeological interest in Italy is Pompeii, buried in 80 A. D. by a tremendous shower of black ashes belched forth from Vesuvius in the greatest eruption it has ever had. This came upon the city while it was in the heat of an election campaign, throbbing with life.

    At first the digging into these ruins was done by the old pick and shovel methods; but about ten years ago these gave way to the more tedious but much more valuable methods of Spinazzola, by which all articles, even the fibers of fabric, are uncovered and photographed while in position.

    Pompeii was a bustling, up-to-date city. The ruins show that the merchants changed their signs frequently. The signs were in bright colors and of great variety. Huge quantities of election posters have been found. A public laundry had just been completed when it was overwhelmed with the ashes.

    A Roman soldier, on guard at the gates, was found standing at his post, just where he was placed before the rain of ashes began. In some places walls are frescoed with drawings and paintings which are in the highest degree indecent, showing the low moral condition of the people.

    Eastern and Northern Europe

    RCHAEOLOGISTS hope some time to find in Moscow the library of Ivan the Terrible, who is known to have buried there eight hundred volumes of priceless Arabian, Persian, Assyrian and Byzantine manuscripts. The Soviet government is searching for these books, w’hich have now lain buried for about four hundred years. Ivan hid the library so that it would not fall into the hands of his enemies.

    What is supposed to have been an important archaeological find off the coasts of Esthonia in the Baltic Sea, consists of a quantity of seaweed-covered granite blocks. It is probable, however, that these are merely relics of the days of Peter the Great. That savage monarch refused to let any ship come into the port of St. Petersburg unless it brought a partial cargo of stones wherewith to help build the city. Probably some ship captain bound for that port found it necessary to throw some granite blocks overboard.

    In Bulgaria an immense vase has been discovered, made of solid gold. The vase, which is in eleven parts, the largest 10J inches in diameter, weighs over thirty pounds. The vase is of Oriental appearance and is regarded by archaeologists as having historical value. We presume that it was intended for or stolen from the ancient Russian royalty regime.

    There have been recent discoveries of large quantities of British coins of the time of Ethel-red (tenth century) at various points in Norway and Denmark. These discoveries afford support for the historical evidence that one of the favorite pastimes of the Norsemen was to make raids on England and hold up its sovereign for a good lot of cash, as a bribe to them to go away and stay away and keep their friends away. Stealing was as favorite a pastime of the strong and the greedy in 926 as it is in 1926. But the bankers, the Vikings of today, use lawyers instead of rowboats to help them get away with their ill-gotten plunder. And nowadays an ordinary pile of coin does not satisfy them, either. They want all the coin in sight and a title to the mint. .

    In France and Britain

    URING the French Revolution the wild fanatics of the time ruined almost everything archaeological upon which they could lay their hands, even to opening the graves of royalty and strewing their bodies around. At that time the grave of Henry the Fourth was opened, and it is said that his head was removed and is preserved as a relic in France to this day; but reputable archaeologists refuse officially to recognize its existence or whereabouts.

    Britain has numerous relics of the time of the Caesars, many of which were mentioned in The Golden Age in the articles “Impressions of Britain”. It also has older relics of the shn worshipers and Druids, or devil worshipers, who were the ancestors of most of us.

    The ruins at Stonehenge are believed to have been associated with serpent worship, which may possibly be a tradition which has spread over the earth from the time when Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, and whoever looked upon the serpent was healed. The lesson in this for Christians is that Christ was made a sin offering for us and that by looking to Him we are healed. Heathen, of course, take no such lesson from it. But the idea has spread, in some form, throughout the world; serpent worship being common in India and Africa. From Africa it was carried by the slaves to the West Indies and to America, where it features in the voodoo of the blacks and the pow-wows of the bedskins.

    Every barber’s pole in our own day is a relio of this serpent worship. At one time the barbers were the surgeons. At length the surgeons set up in a separate business; but the barbers retained the symbol of their ancient deity, now conventionalized in the stripes about the pole. The modern barber probably does not know that he is the occupational descendant of the ancient medicine man. Among the Greeks serpents were cared for in all the temples of JEsculapius, their god of medicine.

    The most perfect example of a Druidical temple yet discovered was recently made at Craigs-corry wood, two miles from Beauly, Scotland. Near the temple was found an airtight cyst in which was the body of a Druid warrior, recumbent, with the head pointing due east. When exposed to light and air the bones crumbled at once into dust. Important pre-Christian urns and other items of historical value have been uncovered also at Uriconium, near the River Severn, and near Stratford-on-Avon.

    Archaeology in the Western Hemisphere

    OF STILL more recent settlement than Europe, America has relatively little of archaeological interest, although new discoveries are being constantly made regarding the Mound Builders, the Cliff Dwellers, the Aztecs, the Incas, the Mayas, and other races that preceded the red men; and occasionally something is found that is startling.

    It has recently been definitely established that the gold which supplied both the Incas and the Aztecs with their enormous stores of the precious metal came from Colombia, from [whence it was transported by caravan south to Peru and north to Mexico. The route north has been traced all the way from Colombia to Mexico.

    Midway on the route was the Maya civiliza-. lion. Its calendar ran for 1800 days, at the end of which time a pillar was erected upon which was inscribed the history of the period. Avenues of these pillars, carved from top to bottom, are now being studied. The oldest indicates the 'date of August 3rd, 613 B. C.

    Pyramids are found at Teotihuacan and also at Cuernavaca, both near Mexico City, and are well known to tourists. These are probably imitations of the great pyramid at Ghizeh, the traditions of which were carried around to America from Asia by the Japan current route, when America was first settled. The art of embalming was practised by the first settlers of Argentine, which is another indication that they were familiar with Egyptian practices.

    The largest cliff dwelling known is said to have been unearthed by the School of American Research of Santa Fe, New Mexico, at a point in the heart of the great southwestern desert. This dwelling is alleged to have contained 1,000 rooms and to have been four or five stories high.

    It will be extremely interesting, shortly, when the men who built these ancient cities return from their long sleep and explain to us all the matters which are now so puzzling to the best archaeologists. History can then be reconstructed with precision.

    Los Angeles and. San Francisco Ports Compared By Olin G. Newberry

    SAN FRANCISCO bay is second American port to New York in total value and tonnage of cargo, both foreign and domestic. New Orleans is the second American port to New York in foreign commerce alone, which sometimes leads to the misconception that it is second in total shipping. Seattle is second to New York in imports of foreign goods, and this often leads to a similar misconception. Los Angeles has a heavy tonnage movement, due to the bulk oil cargoes; but the value of commerce is quite low. For example, the total foreign tonnage of Los Angeles for 1925 amounted to 3,750,000 tons and was valued at $122,600,817, while the foreign tonnage of San Francisco for the same year amounted to 3,244,859 tons, valued at $386,417,765. Thus, although the foreign tonnage of Los Angeles slightly exceeds that of San Francisco, the value of the San Francisco tonnage is more than three times as great.

    San Francisco has a heavy coastwise and intercoastal commerce, amounting in 1925 to 24,801,3369 tons, valued at $1,248,947,346, and also a bay and river commerce for the same year of 9,918,000 tons, valued at $668,857,224. The total commerce of San Francisco, therefore, far exceeds that of Los Angeles, amounting in the aggregate to 37,964,228 tons, valued at $2,304,222,335, while the total for Los Angeles is 22, .444,000 tons, valued at $741,911,000.

    Lake Ports Not Included By N. A. Linderberg.

    I HAVE been enjoying The Golden Age ever since its introduction to the public and I scrutinize its statements. Allow me to comment on an item in your issue of June 2, 1926, No. 175, on page 553, under the heading, "Principal Ports of the Nation.”

    Whoever was your informant as to the principal ports was evidently misinformed or biased in leaving out the traffic of the port of Duluth and Superior as one of the leading ports in the United States. I quote you from a publication prepared by the Chief Engineers of the IT. S. Army, which is prepared with great care in that the master or clerk of every vessel entering or departing from the Duluth-Superior harbor makes a report to the Engineers’ Office covering the name of the vessel, its net registered tonnage, whether light or loaded, and if loaded, what the cargo consists of. This is a requirement under the Act of Congress, approved February 21, 1891, and also of September 22, 1922.

    In the report for the calendar year 1925, it is shown that the total tonnage of freight received and shipped at the Duluth-Superior harbor aggregated 51,334,641. This shows more than double the amount of the tonnage given in your article for the port of New York. It is barely possible that New York, on account of being situated on the Atlantic coast and belonging to one! of the Great Districts of the United States, some of the coasting traffic is not included in the tonnage given for New York. •

    Concerning the values of the imports and exports at the port of Duluth and Superior for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, the imports aggregated a value of $1,948,241 and the exports aggregated a value of $64,150,826. These last figures are taken from the Collector of Customs’ report of transactions. The United States Engineers’ report showing the tonnage of the largest ports in the United States for the calendar year of 1925 lists the ports in the following order:

    1. New York

    2. Duluth-Superior^

    3. Philadelphia

    4. Los Angeles

    5. Buffalo

    6. Baltimore : ■

    7. -Norfolk '

    8. New Orleans !

    [The article in question was intended to refer to ocean ports only.—Ed.]

    Conditions in Scott, Mississippi By Mrs. W. F. McLendon

    AS THE unfortunate writer of the article “A Miniature British Empire in Mississippi”, published some months ago in The Golden Age, I would like to now correct some errors contained therein.

    Some two months after this article appeared a Golden Age reader told me that there were some mistakes in my article. He stated that he had known the manager, Prof. Fox, of the Scott plantation for years and knew’ him to be a good man. I found also that this Prof. Fox had been a teacher whom I had known in my childhood, and who then seemed to be very kind.

    My informant told me that the roads on these large plantations are posted for the protection of the Negro tenants, as agents would come in from outside and sell them things at exorbitant prices, sometimes taking mortgages on their furniture. As for the tenants slipping away at night if they desired to move, he said those who did this were some who moved on the farm in the late fall or winter, and were supplied from the landowner’s commissary for several months, and wished to leave without paying for the supplies they had obtained.

    The Beeson farm is owned by the same British company that owns Scott, but wve did not know it when we canvassed there. The roads were posted just as on the other farm. So I asked a Negro to whom I sold some books: “What about these signs?” He looked pleased and said: “Oh, they don’t mean you; you go ahead.” We did well on that plantation. The tenants seemed to have plenty and to be contented.

    As I wished to have the testimony of two or more witnesses before ’writing you, I waited to see what I could learn further. We-did not visit Scott again; so I had to glean my information from elsewhere.

    One day a Negro man stopped us and asked for a ride, and we had not gone far before he told us he worked at Scott. I questioned him about conditions there and he said: “They are good to us,” and confirmed the statements of the Golden Age reader above mentioned.

    Sometime later I met a Negro woman who was moving from Scott. I thought, “Surely something is wrong.” But when I enquired as. to why she was moving, she quickly responded “I am just tired farming and thought I’d get. off the farm for this year. If they had not treated me good I sho wouldn’t stayed there nineteen years.”

    A few weeks ago our next-door neighbor, who is a painter, said to us: “I have been working at Scott some lately. They surely are good to those Negroes up there. Every one of them has an auto.” So I am of the opinion that the bad rumors about Scott were started by some who moved away in the night to keep from paying what they owed.

    A few days ago an overseer came to us on a plantation to see what we were doing. When I showed him our hooks he remembered buying । some from my husband about two weeks previous, and told us to go right ahead. He advised us, however, to let the overseers on the farms know what we were doing, as they might see our car and think we were selling the tenants something not good for them. We have met only two who seemed to prefer that we leave their premises.

    This writing is not in defence of the injustice practised by some land owners; both land owners and tenants are too frequently unjust. We find great comfort in the fact, however, that the Just One will soon be known as the Landlord and Overseer of the whole earth.

    [We appreciate this correction. It is far better, to suffer the humiliation of making right an error than it is to let the error pass merely because it is unchallenged.—Ed..]

    Why’ Parents Love Their Own Children Best By Walter Mitera

    PARENTS having children of their own have their hands full to provide for them. They are so compelled by the laws of God and man; and that, chiefly, is the cause for their concentration and attention, devotion and care over their own. It is the trick of nature. And it is from these immediate dealings with his ; own that springs what is apparently a selfish love.

    One’s ownership of an object unconsciously (and properly) creates a special kind of love £or it. This rule applies to things inanimate as well.

    Jesus, of course, was childless. But He, by redemption, was the owner of all born and unborn people; therefore His position was justified.

    Moreover, the same is true in other respects. Each one likes his (or her) clothing better than the other fellow’s. Why? Is it because it is selfish? Nay 1 And too, we like our styles today, regardless of how the restored people shall dress at the end of the millennium.

    We might ask: If children are no blessing, why did the All-wise Creator give to man at the time of creation the power of procreation? Did He intend this as a curse upon the perfect human race? Reason would teach us that procreation is a part of the Almighty’s plan, and there is not a Bible student nor anyone else who has the authority to criticise this plan.

    If children are a nuisance to some people then such have just that much to learn before they shall have become like their Master.

    The Unfair Medium of Exchange By Vaughn Bachman Brohaw

    ALLOW me to comment on a statement which appeared in your magazine some time ago. tYou said:

    The demand that farmers and others receive fair prices for their products seems reasonable. But what is a fair price? When the supply of a product is liberal the public consumes more of it. Then the supply is reduced and prices rise. When the supply of a product is restricted the public avoids it. Then the supply is increased and prices fall. No earthly Solomon can decide today what will be a fair pr’Jee for anything six months hence.

    That is true when we speak in terms of our present result unit of transfer. The fact is that we can’t have a truly fair price for anything in terms of a monetary unit, which is in itself a ■'decidedly unfair thing. Such a unit compels some huma.i>s to take more human work than they give in return, thus compelling other humans to give more human work than they receive in return.

    The only really fair price for a product is this: As much adult human work as has been stored in that product. That is, the fair price of work is equivalent work in return. If we all ran our trade transactions on the basis of one hour of human adult work for one hour of adult human work, they would be perfectly fair transactions—supposing, of course, that they were entirely voluntary ones.

    To translate the giving of work for work into monetary terms, we must first make our monetary unit represent nothing but WORK. We can do that by making it represent nothing more or less than one hour of adult human labor.

    IN The Golden Age, No. 173, there appeared a short item on goats. I am sorry your correspondent left the impression that the goat is an unpleasant animal to have about. The fact is, there is not so much odor about the goat as there is about the sheep, except during breeding season (when some of the males perfume themselves ydth a musk). But the female could be kept iip anyone’s parlor, like the proverbial Irish pig.

    It is going to be with the goat as with a great many other things. “In that day,” of which the Bible speaks, people will be educated as to the goats and their value, both as providers of food and of raiment. Goat’s milk is better for infants and invalids than cow’s milk; it is more nearly like mother’s milk and is free from the germs of tuberculosis. Note what the wise man said in Proverbs 27,: 27 on this subject.

    Becoming tired of the state’s sending some one around every year or two to fill my thoroughbred Holstein cattle with pus or poison, which they called a “test” to make the cattle “immune” or prove them free from tuberculosis, but which invariably left them in a weakened condition (one calf dying soon after the last “test” and another might as well have died), I decided to try raising milch goats instead. J have been so well pleased in every way with thd' goats that I have sold all my cattle except one cow; and when I can get a few more goats raised (good ones are hard to buy) I will dispose of her.

    The goat has been called the poor man’s cow, and milch goats are getting to be in great demand. Their milk has about twice the amount of butter fat as does the cow’s milk. One farmer I know of sells his goat’s milk for forty cents per quart wholesale in Cleveland, 0. Cow’s milk should be put in the same class as white bread. I would like to see a whole page or more of an issue of The Golden Age devoted torthis wonderful animal. The facts on milch goats can be obtained from U. S. Government bulletin or from the Goat World, published in Vincennes, Ind., and from the Goat Journal of Fairburg, Nebraska.

    In Bible times the goat must have been more thought of than the cow, judging from the number of times goats are mentioned in Holy Writ. A comparison of the words “cow” and “goat” in any Bible concordance will make this apparent.

    The Spartan Mother

    It has burst on her reeling soul at last, The lie, the accursed lie;

    And her spirit leaps with a vibrant strength To the new World Mother’s cry.

    It follows the tramp of her conscript son And hovers in blending rune

    O’er the whizzing strain of the moaning field Where rest his entrails strewn.

    She said good-bye with the Spartan heart,

    In the reek of the false-lit hour, While war-lords babbled, “Democracy,”

    With the fraud of their wrested power.

    But over tradition’s driving roar And through the wall of might,

    The ringing truth has been borne to her On the silent winds of night.

    To the Spartan mother the epoch speaks. And war has ceased to thrill,

    By Fanny Bixby Spencer

    But burned on her living soul aflame

    Is the law, “Thou shalt not kill.”

    Thou shalt not give of thy life-blood wrought A tool for a nation’s plan,

    A drafted slave by an order forced To murder his brother man.

    Bor war is never the price of peace, And the frenzied world must see

    That the thought-hewn path of enduring love

    Is the "way of the nobler free.

    Oh, the death decoy of the flag huzza!

    And the snare of the marching fife!

    But the Spartan mother stands her ground In the war of evolving Life.

    And if her son for the sins of earth

    Must lie with the martyred dead, She prays that he fall by the cold gray wall When the sun in the east is red.

    IN The Golden Age, No. 173, there appeared a short item on goats. I am sorry your correspondent left the impression that the goat is an unpleasant animal to have about. The fact is, there is not so much odor about the goat as there is about the sheep, except during breeding season (when some of the males perfume themselves ydth a musk). But the female could be kept iip anyone’s parlor, like the proverbial Irish pig.

    It is going to be with the goat as with a great many other things. “In that day,” of which the Bible speaks, people will be educated as to the goats and their value, both as providers of food and of raiment. Goat’s milk is better for infants and invalids than cow’s milk; it is more nearly like mother’s milk and is free from the germs of tuberculosis. Note what the wise man said in Proverbs 27,: 27 on this subject.

    Becoming tired of the state’s sending some one around every year or two to fill my thoroughbred Holstein cattle with pus or poison, which they called a “test” to make the cattle “immune” or prove them free from tuberculosis, but which invariably left them in a weakened condition (one calf dying soon after the last “test” and another might as well have died), I decided to try raising milch goats instead. J have been so well pleased in every way with thd' goats that I have sold all my cattle except one cow; and when I can get a few more goats raised (good ones are hard to buy) I will dispose of her.

    The goat has been called the poor man’s cow, and milch goats are getting to be in great demand. Their milk has about twice the amount of butter fat as does the cow’s milk. One farmer I know of sells his goat’s milk for forty cents per quart wholesale in Cleveland, 0. Cow’s milk should be put in the same class as white bread. I would like to see a whole page or more of an issue of The Golden Age devoted torthis wonderful animal. The facts on milch goats can be obtained from U. S. Government bulletin or from the Goat World, published in Vincennes, Ind., and from the Goat Journal of Fairburg, Nebraska.

    In Bible times the goat must have been more thought of than the cow, judging from the number of times goats are mentioned in Holy Writ. A comparison of the words “cow” and “goat” in any Bible concordance will make this apparent.

    The Spartan Mother

    It has burst on her reeling soul at last, The lie, the accursed lie;

    And her spirit leaps with a vibrant strength To the new World Mother’s cry.

    It follows the tramp of her conscript son And hovers in blending rune

    O’er the whizzing strain of the moaning field Where rest his entrails strewn.

    She said good-bye with the Spartan heart,

    In the reek of the false-lit hour, While war-lords babbled, “Democracy,”

    With the fraud of their wrested power.

    But over tradition’s driving roar And through the wall of might,

    The ringing truth has been borne to her On the silent winds of night.

    To the Spartan mother the epoch speaks. And war has ceased to thrill,

    By Fanny Bixby Spencer

    But burned on her living soul aflame

    Is the law, “Thou shalt not kill.”

    Thou shalt not give of thy life-blood wrought A tool for a nation’s plan,

    A drafted slave by an order forced To murder his brother man.

    Bor war is never the price of peace, And the frenzied world must see

    That the thought-hewn path of enduring love

    Is the "way of the nobler free.

    Oh, the death decoy of the flag huzza!

    And the snare of the marching fife!

    But the Spartan mother stands her ground In the war of evolving Life.

    And if her son for the sins of earth

    Must lie with the martyred dead, She prays that he fall by the cold gray wall When the sun in the east is red.

    Cheerful News for the Meat-Eaters

    Db. A. W. Fess, of Blair, Nebraska, in a letter to the governor of that state, calls his attention to the fact that the official reports show that more than 82 percent of all tubercular cattle sent to the Omaha packing houses were passed for food after all the diseased organs and affected parts were removed. In his letter Dr. Fess said in part:

    1 would not have taken the time to inflict this long letter upon you had it only been a gigantic robbery, as it is; but when it comes to worse than first degree murder, then you will surely hear from, your humble servant.

    The other side of the question, however, is given by Dr. George Starr White in his booK “The Natural Way”, in which he says:

    Healed tuberculous lesions can be found in nearly every human or other animal autopsy. It has never been proved that tuberculosis is transmissible from humans to animals or from animals to humans. Personally, I think it is not intercommunicable: If it were, all life would have been extinct ages ago. . . .

    Take all the profit out of the manufacture of vaccines and serums, and their use would soon be condemned by all those who are now using them. Sanitation and hygiene are the only preventives of any disease, and the sooner the people wake up to this fact and kick out the “scientific” fanatic, the better it will be for them, their families and their live stock.

    Aluminum Dishes and D

    THE colloidal hydroxide of aluminum is manufactured in the United States at Villa Park, Illinois. Other plants that make it are located at London, Paris, Budapest, Milan, Toronto, and Berne. I do not know how many other cities have such factories, but these plants are now furnishing the supply of metal aluminum to the world for stomach troubles.

    The aluminum ‘Works” in these various cities are turning out vast quantities of aluminum hydroxide, making it into a colloidal hydrate so that it can be prescribed in powder and tablet form by the physician.

    Aluminum hydroxide is recommended as particularly useful in the treatment of chronic affections of the stomach, dyspepsias, gastric and duodenal ulcer, gastro-sucorrhea and in conditions, characterized by gastralgia, pyrosis, flatulence, acid eructation and other symptoms common to gastric disease.

    If the hydroxide of aluminum is a medicine worthy of the name, then it is made in nearly every home in our land. Aluminum cooking dishes produce such medicine every time they are used for cooking food. When we cook food a short time we get a small amount of the medicine, and the longer the cooking process continues a correspondingly greater amount of medicine is produced.

    …