Golden Age, December 17, 1924
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WORLD ' DYING
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VoL VI Bi-Weekly No. 137
December 17, 1924
5$ a copy — $ 1.00 a Year
Canada and Foreign Countries $ 1.50
TRUTH ABOUT LEAGUE OF NATIONS
UNPOPULARITY OF CHRISTIANS WITH THE WORLD
HERE AND THERE OVER THE PLANET
WHAT KIND OF RADIQ TO BUY HOLLAND AND
HER CUSTOMS
a, Journal of fact . feype and courage
NEW WORLO BEGINNING
MOW
Contents of.the Golden Age
~ ..... • 1 iastr*=--------- ■—
Social and Educational
PtBI AND THERE OVE* THE PLANET ...... , f . a 163
. Remarkable Tale of Womanly Heroism....... . > . 163
' Suicides In Berlin.........;
Horrible Conditions tn Hindu Prisons
Something .Doing in Pubcell
Finance—Commerce—Tran sportation A Deadly Gas Causes Insanity . ..
Group Life Insurance on Railroads
Great Increase of Chain Stores
Political—Domestic and Foreign ' European Countries Beginning to Pay
’ Ramsay MacDonald Defeated by Forgery
French Government Recognizes Russia........ . . . 164
Zionism’s Report on Palestine Mandate
Sir Herbert Samuel’s Report on Palestine ...
General Pebcin on Wab (Translated from N.Y. Stuatn-Zcitwiff) . 1G6
Reposts from Foreign Coiuiespondents—Canada.......
Tale or a Fool (Translated from N. Y. Utaats-ZvitiMff)
On the Outcome or the Election
The Tbuth about the League or Nations (Truusluted from Xiili) . 130
Immunity or Rich Law-Bbeakxm
Science and Invention
What Kino or Radio Receiving set Shall I Buy?
A Goon Receiving Antenna
Travel and Miscellany
Holland and He* Customs
Abeokuta, or West Africa
Religion and Philosophy
Congregational Church Taboos Prayer Meeting
The Angels' Song (Poem)
“Restitution Times” (Poem) .....
Preachers or the Word
What is Wrong With tub < ituru ii?
Why is a Christian Unvoitlab With the Would?
Studies in “The Harp of Gou”
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The Golden Age
Vol™ VI
Brooklyn, N.Y.. Wednesday, December 17, 1924
Number 1ST
Here and -There Over the Planet
[Radiocast, with other Items, from Watchtower WBBR on a wave length of 273 meters, by the Editor]
^Tew York Newspaper Takes a Chance
«pHE Law regarding income tax returns pro-v X vides that the lists of taxpayers allowing the - amounts paid by each are to be available for : public inspection, but that the data must not be 7 published under penalty of $1,000 fine or iiu-prisonment for one year. The New York reporters went and “inspected” the Lists; and . forthwith their papers printed the names and taxes of all the largest taxpayers in New York and, additionally, all the best known characters in the city who had any income taxes at all The effect of this law is the same as that of putting a piece of first-class pie in front of a small boy and telling him not to touch it.
Restaurants Gone to the Dogs
IN ONE New York restaurant the other afternoon the New York Graphic reports having found five pups in the arms of their mistresses, munching delicacies such as some hard working people never get a chance to eat. One .of these pups was hairless, his body covered with red splotches, his eyes pink and sickly. Several of the diners lost their appetites and walked out, leaving their meals untouched.
Rabbi Katz Stirs Things Up
Rabbi Katz has stirred things up by saying _ that behind every man in prison there is a Dornan for whose comfort or satisfaction the man cominitted crime. This seems to make the whole proposition very simple. ALI we need to 'do is to lock up all the women, and we should r live happy ever after.
Remarkable.Tale of Womanly Heroism
.. fpiIE remarkable story comes from California * -*• of an automobile accident involving a man, his wife, and his niece. The automobile went over the side of a cliff, killing the man. His. ; wife and his niece, injured, lay in the bottom of . the canyon for three days, awaiting discovery. Fearing the death of the child, the woman de-.-liberately cut her arms and breast with glass > from the windshield to provide blood to keep, .i the child alive during the cold nights. The child will recover, but the heroine is expected to die. I ■ !
A Deadly Gas Causes Insanity
IN THE effort to compound a knockless motor oil at a refinery near New York city, a combination of ethyllated gasoline caused the death of five men, made several, more violently insane, and subjected nearly all of the forty-five men employed in the department to such disturbance of their mental faculties that it will probably : be months before they will be of afiy benefit to themselves or their families. None can but be strongly moved at the fate of these pioneers in a new and dangerous field. .
Group Life Insurance on Railroads
TWENTY-SEVEN American railway lines have adopted the group system of insurance
of their employes. There is a great variation in ‘ the forms of policies and the amounts for which the employes are insured, but altogether some 250,000 workers are benefited, and employers receive benefits in the way of greater stabilization . of their forces. .
Hudson Vehicle Tunnel Nears Completion
fpHE vehicle tunnel under the Hudson upon ' X which 2,000 men have been busily engaged, some of them since March, 1922, is nearing com- . pletion. The north tunnel has been cut through, : sixty feet below the surface of the river, and the- • south tunnel will be cut through some time in December. It will take a year or more to get
1C4 -
' the tunnels ready for public use. Meantime, the Chief Engineer, Clifton AI. Holland, admittedly one of the greatest tunnel engineers that ever lived, passed away before his great work was completed.
The War and the Cost of Living
IF YOU lived in Canada before the war, and if your salary was then $100 per month, it would need to be $143 now to enable you to buy the same things as-previously; if in the United , States it was $100, it would now have to be $155;
if in England it was £100 every six months, it would now have to be £170; if in France it was . 100 francs per week, it would now have to be
366 francs; in Belgium 493 francs; if in Italy ’ it was 100 lire, it would now have to be 512 lire.
Great Increase of Chain Stores
NEW YORK city in 1910 had 600 chain grocery stores; now it has 5,000. In 1910 these chain stores sold ten percent of the groceries in New York city; now they sell sixty percent. . Taking the country as a whole, it is calculated that twenty percent of all groceries are now sold through chain stores, -with chain drug stores doing about the same proportion of business in drugs. At least one-half of all the notions now sold in the country are sold in chain stores like the Woolworth, Kresge, Penny, Kress, and Kinney stores. In 1923 the Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company sold groceries to the amount of $302,888,000; and the Woolworth stores sold notions to the amount of $193,447,000.
Church Taboos Prayer Meeting .
DESPATCHES from Worcester, Alass., state that at the autumnal meeting of the Worcester Central Association of Congregational Churches it was the consensus of opinion of the delegates, that prayer meetings are a thing of the past, but that dancing is right and proper. Why not make it unanimous by removing the pews and erecting a sign that religion is a thing of the past.and that the outfit has been turned into a danc^ hall? The steeples could be used for thirst patriots; the choir loft would make a good place for the orchestra; the preacher could retain his title, and still occupy the pulpit, but his work would be that of a dance barker. Fine scheme! Why not give it a trial? It suggests a possible use for the so-called church buildings which, since they dropped the preaching of the gospel of Christ, seem not to have any legiti- ' mate reason for existing.
European Countries Beginning to Pay "E^OLLOWING the example of Great Britain, the countries of Finland, Hungary, and
Lithuania have made arrangements to pay the interest and principal of the loans made to those countries by the United States during the war. Additionally, Russia has paid $8,000,000 in interest. The total amount thus far received fror^ ( debtor countries is $850,000,000.
Ramsay MacDonald Defeated by a Forgery
EUROPEAN politics are even more crooked' • than American politics. The enemies of ■ Charles Stewart Parnell did not hesitate to destroy the Irish cause by publishing a supposed letter from him apparently condoning murder, which was subsequently proven to be a forgery. Mr. MacDonald has been played a similar trick, the British Foreign Office having published a supposed appeal from the Russian, Zinovieff, urging Communist attempts to corrupt the British army and navy. The letter is undoubtedly a forgery; but it accomplished the work intended of defeating the Labor Party and putting the Tories back into power. •
French Government Recognizes Russia
DESPITE the fact that the French people in bygone years loaned to the Russian Gov-eminent and Russian industries the vast sum of about 6,000,000,000 francs, the French Government has granted full and complete recognition of Soviet Russia. It is not likely that the ; French people will ever receive any returns on their Russian investments. !
French Officers Wretchedly Paid
THE depreciation of the franc has made the_ financial condition of French army officers ' almost intolerable. The present pay of Alar-shals JJoch, Joffre, and Petain is $2,000 per । year. The generals receive $1,200 per year; the ; captains receive about $600; and the lieutenants 1 $400 per year. ’
Crows Cause the Death of an Eagle
PROBABLY owing to some act of piracy ; against one of their number a flock of crows in France, estimated at about 3,000, took up the
pursuit of an eagle which measured more than eight feet across its wings. The crows literally forced the surrender of the eagle. They chased it into a French chateau, where the keepers killed it; whereupon the crows disbanded. This illustrates well how the common people, each with little strength and influence, can bv banding together overcome foes of great power. All that is needed is the Lord to show them what to do and how to do it. and the reforms for which the hearts of men yearn will come forthwith.
Sparrow Flies 128 Miles an Hour
IN EUROPE great interest is maintained in the flight of birds. Recently, a Belgian took a sparrow from the eaves of his house, put a tag on it and shipped it 146 miles away. From the time the bird was released until it was back in its nest was one hour and eight minutes. It took four pigeons, which were loosed at the same time, about five minutes to decide what they would do; but the sparrow lit out straight for home without a second's hesitation.
Germany Seems Short on Courtesy
THE German Government made for the United
States Government the Zeppelin ZR-3. It, obtained permission from the French Government to fly across France from end to end, and did so. On the same day that the ZR-3 crossed France, a French balloonist engaged in an international balloon race was forced to land in Germany. The pilot was deprived of his liberty for two days, and at the end of that time his balloon was confiscated. Occurrences of this nature give Germany a bad name.
in the vicinity at nightfall. Now there is a mod- ' ern automobile road to the door, and the crowds • who want to stay over night have gotten, to- be -too much of a good thing. As a consequence, “ the monastery is being turned into a hotel; and ' regular prices will be charged hereafter to those who wish to stay under its hospitable roof.
Agitation in Vienna
VIENNA is agitated by a speech of Chancellor Seipel, who was formerly a priest, to the effect that the time has come for enforcing the law that all parents must send their children to the church's schools. At present in Austria many parents maintain their right to have their children educated in schools of their own seleo tion. .
Mussolini Grants Concessions to Clergy
MUSSOLINI'S cabinet has decided that the salaries of Catholic bishops in Italy are to be doubled, while the income of parish priests is also to be increased; and that hereafter theological students will not Be called upon for military service until they have finished their studies, at the age of twenty-six.
Horrible Condition in Hindu Prisons
A DESPATCH to a London paper narrates that in one week recently in the Nabha Jail, two persons died from snake bites, while a third was bitten; and that at the time of sending the despatch his condition was precarious. The report states that there are so many snakes in the • prison that most of the prisoners pass their nights without sleep. Malaria is raging in the same prison.
Terrible Epidemic of Suicides in Berlin
HOW hard are the conditions of life in Berlin at this time may be gathered from the fact that "throughout the year 1924 thus far, an average of one hundred Berliners have committed suicide every month. Moreover, the birth rate has declined seventy-nine percent.
The Hotel St. Bernard
FOR generations the St. Bernard Monastery’, located in one of the difficult Alpine passes, ■' has cheerfully extended food and lodging, free of charge, to every person who happened to be
Five Thousand Stain by a Trick ~
AS ALL our readers know, China is engaged in civil war. On an occasion, recently, 5,000 Chinese troops were destroyed by a trick. They were persuaded to go out on the parade grounds; and while they were there the grounds were blown up by their enemy, having been previously mined with that end in view.
Doctor Sun Yat Sen Wants a Free Fight
DR. Sun Yat Sen wants the other nations ofl the world to let China alone while she has a free-for-all fight to a finish. He argues that
r- -JflS
the United States of America, which fought and won the war for independence and relief from the old order of things, ought to be the last country to interfere with the Chinese, who are trying to do the same thing. Among other things, Dr. Sun Yat Sen expressed his opinion that the governments in Europe and America, not being satisfied with the results of the last world war, are really desirous of having another. This may be true.
China Gets Bibles by the Million ’
TTTITHIN the past year about 7,000,000 Bi-W. hies were distributed in China, out of a total output of about 8% millions distributed by the British Foreign Bible Society. During that time there were no Bibles sent into Russia, the Soviet Government having forbidden the sending of Bibles-into that country.
Another Act of Cruelty by the Turks
THE arrangement made by the Allies for removing the Turks from Greece and the Greeks from Turkey will probably have good results some time, but at present it is working great hardships. On October 19, the Turks suddenly began to arrest and imprison all Greeks in Constantinople; and so thoroughly and so mercilessly did they do their work that they even dragged from her bed a child who was suffering from smallpox. How events of this kind make one say from the heart, “Thy kingdom come,” and make us long for the better day to be inaugurated by earth’s new King!
Zionism’s Report on Palestine Mandate
HE Zionist organization made its first report to the League of Nations on October 23.
It discloses that the Jewish population of Palestine is now over 100,000, of which number 38.000 have entered the country since the war. Within that time the land holdings of Jews in Palestine have increased from 100,000 acres to 187,500 acres, and the Jews of other countries have invested $27,000,000 in Palestine.
Sir Herbert Samuel’s Report on Palestine
IN Sir Herbert Samuel’s report on Palestine rendered to the League of Nations he made the statement that of the 40,000 Jews who had entered Palestine within the last five years 8,000 had settled in the agricultural colonies, while the remaining 32,000 are working in factories in the towns. The figures show that nearly 3,000,000 trees and 1,000,000 vines have been planted in the Holy Land during the time of the administration of Sir Herbert Samuel as British High Commissioner.
General Percin On War
(Tnuwlated from tho New York Siaatt-Zcitung)
IN “L’ordre Naturel” (Natural Order), a weekly magazine published in Paris, General Percin writes as follows:
“I was reared as an ardent militarist, I would not say a nationalist, and entered the army in 1865. I was twice wounded in the war of 1870, and during the next forty years hated the German and prepared with enthusiasm a war of revenge. Now, at the age of 77 years, I have become an unconditional pacifist (promoter of peace), a zealous.internationalist, and a strong supporter of a German-French agreement.
“The war of 1914-1918 has shown me what an erroneous belief it is to consider war an inevitable evil and to look at it as the only method for settling international strife. I now see that wars do not pay any more; they do not secure even peace, but breed nothing but immorality and open the doors to political reaction. Victory is no longer’ the reward of bravery or of enthusiasm for a just cause, but only the partial result of superiority in technical resources, and for the other part, the result of coercive conditions, so that the guilty country has just as much prospect for victory as the innocent one. War is not only a destructive, barbaric and inhuman method of settling international disputes, but also a very foolish way and manner, which must be replaced by a really sensible and efficient method.”
ERRATUM
Tn Got .den Age No. 134, col. 2. the word “assassinated” should
have been “assimilated1
Reports from Foreign Correspondents
FROM CANADA
THE Ontario plebiscite on the retention of the Ontario Temperance Act, or its discard in favor of a form of government-controlled sale of liquor, has come and gone with the result that prohibition, such as it is, remains on the statute books. The vote was a decided, disappointment to many; afid a considerable question remains in the minds of some as to the legitimacy of the long lists of names which appeared on the voters lists at the last minute. It is uiought that many of these would be disallowed under complete investigation; but the majority in favor of the retention of the act is sufficiently large to answer any agitation for a review of the ballots, as none could confidently expect that such deletions as might be made could materially affect the issue. The interesting feature of the vote was that the cities and large towns almost without exception voted “wet", whilst the rural districts voted “dry”. This also causes some hard feelings between the farmer and the city man who prates about “rural rulership” and the “despotism of the farm vote”. It is expected that Premier Ferguson will do everything possible to comply with the people’s mandate, and more strictly enforce the act now on the statute books.
The Home Bank trial has at last yielded some substantial returns, with the leading officials found guilty and three-year sentences hanging over their heads. Canadian justice is tairing its revenge against several violators of the law during the present sessions. The recent hanging at Montreal of four men implicated in a bank robbery, in which a bank employe was killed, may serve to keep away other foreign crooks who look upon the banks as legitimate prey.
The lion. Peter Smith, former treasurer of Ibf the Province of Ontario, who was found guilty of’ crooked dealing in Government Bond issues, has just drawn a three-year sentence, and with Ills copartner ^Emilius Jarvis, head of one of the oldest and most respected bond houses in Toronto, who drew a six months’ sentence, also must pay a fine of $000,000 which, if collected, will be something in the nature of restitution of the loot? The sentence also calls for the retention in jail of both men until this fine
ICT
ia collected, if it is not paid at the termination of their jail term. No precedent can he found in British jurisprudence for the imposing of such a large fine; but if it is carried out, it ■will form a splendid though stern one in the case of other rich malefactors.
A significant feature of the activity of the Roman Catholic Church, especially in Western Canada, is the apparently new order of the “Sisters of Service”, as announced through the columns of the Roman Catholic Register recently. Briefly, as far as we can gather, this order is composed of nuns who go out as school teachers, wearing no insignia nor the distinctive garb of an order, but drawing salaries.from the public funds of Manitoba whilst tied by solemn oaths to do first of all the bidding of the Roman hierarchy. They are commanded to “protect and strengthen the faith in the outlying districts, particularly where there are no resident priests; and to counteract by their presence and their work in the school and home the influence of aggressive and unscrupulous pros-elytizers.” ; •
It might be well to watch carefully this new secret order, working under the protection of the Manitoba School laws to further the work of the Roman Church. The welfare of Canada comes always secondary to the good Catholics, who must of necessity put first the welfare of the “Holy Church”.
The Vancouver Sun gives some interesting figures concerning the mental status of the race, particularly the Canadian section of it. Seemingly, according to certain mental tests which have been applied to representative citizens, the general mentality is much below what it should be, and the following suggesting is made:
“It is no more reasonable to expect the world’s busi- ' ness to prosper with an earthfui of human scrubs, than for the cattle business to prosper with bovine scrubs. ‘Improve the strain' is the first law of the cattle industry, the plant industry, and the human industry, alike.... It is going to take twenty generations of applied eugenics to stem the rapid reproduction of inferiors and increase the reproduction of superior stock.’*
Then, when a few superior specimens ar® available, they will be drafted as cannon fodder in another war, if the war makers have theix
way; and the race will be asked to reproduce itself from the scrubs, leftovers, maimed, and
F5> diseased.
Of* _* ____
S.’ The mental test should start and finish with ■*£> our so-called patriots and imitation statesmen who swell up and bloat at Imperial Conferences, £•: while they affix their signatures to documents which commit Canada to this, that, and the $.’ ■ other propositions involving possible force of T. arms. •
Demonism in Healing mission
TORONTO has recently received a visit from the notorious Dr. Price Healing Mission. The Daily Star reports the scenes graphically.
Nothing additional is needed to establish fact of spiritism, demon possession, than evidence of an eye witness. We quote:
“The stage of llassey Hall last evening again
the the
wil-
nessed poignant and pathetic scenes of faith healing. Over a score of women together with one man were swept from their feet by the inrush of some force apparently psychic.
“There were no means of estimating whether there were or were not cures. It was obvious, however, that the evangelist’s fervent challenge to disease to depart caused severe nervous shocks and sharp physical reactions. The tremors and twitchings, the almost epileptic moans and groans of those subjected to the process of healing, their livid or waxliko features, their facial contortions, were painfully and physically real. Each patient seemingly received what a surgeon would call a trauma, a wounding or rending of physical or mental tissue. There was a suggestion of the abnormal as much as the supernatural. Had the lame thrown away their crutches and walked, had the blind opened their eyes and claimed vision, the evening - would have been as joyful as a resurrection. With its results in tearful balance it seems as morbid as a morgue. ■
“After his platform clinic the evangelist descended to the main floor of the hall, and anointed and laid hands on the sufferers in the opera chairs. Again there was an immediate and obvious physical seizure. Their heads fell with a jerk against the back of their chairs. Features became crisped, fists clenched, and muscles cramped. For the most poft they closed their eyes tightly. They drew their breath in sharp gasps. Their lips quivered as if in prayer? Their whole being seemed to be drawn inward in some intense affirmation of faith.
“One blind man pressed both hands tightly over his eyes and seemed violently agitated by some superhuman effort of will. Beside him -at a man who was said to be paralytic. When the healer touched him, he crumpled up in his chair. When the hc-aler had passed, he flung back his head anil, sitting on the edge of his seat, thrust his legs straight before him without flexing the knees. One of them kept up a galvanic quivering, which a man beside him tried to quiet by placing his hand on his knee.
“At the conclusion of his sen-ice Dr. Price gave some description of the healing force. Evidently, said he, some kind of spiritual force flowed through the body. Children had spoken of it as a prickly feeling. *1 often feel its presence at once,’ said he, ‘when I take hold of a sufferer. A paralytic limb is cold. When the, spiritual power flows in it at once becomes warm. I have known a withered limb in which the skin had been clinging to become immediately plump with flesh’. ” [Modern spiritist demonstration of “ectoplasmic phenomena” may well explain this.]
A perusal of the book, “Can the Living Talk with the Dead?” will thoroughly elucidate these .seeming miracles, and present much additional evidence.
Pastor Sees the Handwriting
AN INTERESTING item comes from the,;
west coast, as headlined by the Winnipeg'
Free Press:
“Because of his conviction that there is no Scriptural basis for the formation of modern religious denominations, Bev. W. Arnold Bennett today resigned his pastorate of the Third Baptist church here, and summarily left the denomination.
“After quoting many passages of Scripture in support of his position, Rev. Hr. Bennett said: "Therefore in making application of all the foregoing Scriptural revelations, your pastor, as an ordained minister of the Baptist denomination, finds himself in an unset'ip tural position and party to an unholy alliance, displeasing to God. It is an alliance of an unclean nature; for it harbors under its broad name of ‘Baptist* the most dangerous species of up-to-date skepticism, commonly known as modernism.’
“Furthermore, Dr. Bennett charged that churches are governed by ‘shameful intrigues of denominational1 machinery and church politics', and that bossism is in charge of modern religious institutions.
“Rev. Ifr. Bennett came to Portland two years ago from Vancouver, D. C., where for four years his outspoken sermons attracted wide attention. He has been a member of the Baptist ministry for ten years.”
There are apparently still some I^onest shepherds who recognize the ecclesiastical “machine politics’’, and who desire tn got free before the great crash comes.
h’-.
Government Immigration a Joke
eona R. Babbitt, formerly Secretary of the UnitecTFarm Women of Alberta, is responsible for the. following. No wonder the farmer quits:
“A skilled farmer who is also a shrewd business man set out with-the aid of his banker to ascertain what his profits were. Wheat had yielded 43 bushels to the acre, oats 75, barley 53. He had used a tractor, and employed no help except the '■ery minimum at harvest. His quarter section adjoined the town. site, which reduced the handling charges to the least possible. After making such deductions as $40 per month for his own labor, current interest on his investment, depreciation, etc., he found he was $250 out of pocket. Did he put in a big crop in the spring of 1924? Bless you, no, indeed! He got an agency for Ford cars, and a fellow with no land of his own is farming that quarter section.
“It took two bushels of wheat to buy in the spring of 1924 what one bushel bought in 1913. And no one claimed in 1913 that farmers were in any danger of degenerating through prosperity. Cattle are actually below the 1913 figure.
“A speaker in the House of Commons stated this year that the mortgage indebtedness of Alberta is estimated at SlOO.Oon.OOO. In the House of Commons it was stated that seventy percent of the farms in Western Canada are owned by the banks and the mortgage companies. The writer personally believes this to be a very conservative estimate. On most of these farms the former owner is now a tenant. Every cent he can scrape together goes to pay interest, and in spite of his. best efforts interest is being compounded. What is to be the outcome ? I reply in the language of Mr. Taft when confronted with a similar problem: 'God knows/
“A letter from a provincial member the other day stated that fifty percent of the farmers in his home district, which commonly is considered an average one, will have to go out this fall and get work in order to keep the wolf from the door. Looks as if prosperity were further from the corner than the blessed optimists would have us believe. Under such circninstances any Government Immigration Policy seems a diabolical joke/’
Ex-President Taffs answer is literally ap- -plicable. God does know, and He knows the answer to all the rest of the world’s problems as well. In due time, after the harvest of trouble, the- world will reap its blessings. The maelstrom of disaster is wrecking the various barques of state and dragging them. down. Civilization is dooraed; but the kingdom of heaven, of righteousness and peace, is at the door.
Tale of a Fool
('Zran>lated from the Neu* York a. tatj-Zrituny)
Z'ANCE upon a time they went out to war with big guns and with many rifles, as the custom was. A fool stood there and asked what kind of business that was. They said: “Those go to war.’’ The fool said: “What do they do in war?” They said: “They burn villages and conquer cities and spoil wine and grain and kill one another.” The fool said: "What is that r , for?” They said: “So as to make peace.” Then spake the fool: “It would be better if they would make peace before, so that such damagA would be avoided. If it went my way, I would make peace before the damage was done and not afterwards. Therefore I am wiser than you.
lords.” ’
Something Doing in Purcell
ONE of our subscribers in Purcell. Oklahoma, thinking that we would like to keep in touch with the news of the day in his parts writes us as follows:
“'Phis is to let you know how we are getting along in these parts. The manager of one institution in this city got full of the spirits, overturned his car, and was put into jail on the charge of speeding and drunkenness. There were about a dozen prisoners in the jail, includ
ing one bank robber. The latter rascal put on .the priest's white shirt, put his collar on backward, climbed into the priest’s black vest, and then declared himself, father of the house. Meantime, the priest pounded on? the door and offered $100 of money, that had probably been earned by some poor servant girl, if they would let him out So the next morning they let him out Ho paid his fine, left town, and has not been heard af in these parts since.” . . ■ . •
What Kind of Receiving Set Shall I Buy?
S' INCE the advent of radio broadcasting, the . radio public have become interested in the many types of radio receiving sets on the mar, ket; and often they are heard to say: “Which -]is the best receiving set to buy!” This question can not be answered directly, because there are too many factors involved. It might just as
■ well be asked: “What kind of automobile shall I buy!” or “Which is the best piano!” The kind to buy depends primarily upon the results expected and upon the financial capabilities of the purchaser.
It is the purpose of this article to give a general classification of the various types of sets on the market today and to summarize briefly the advantages, disadvantages, and probabilities of each. .
The various lands’ obtainable today can be classified into five general types; (1) crystal, (2) regenerative, (3) reflex, (4) neutrodyne and (5) super-heterodynes. There are many modifications of each of these general types, some sets combining the qualities of two or more. In general these five types will include all receiving sets on the market worthy of consideration.
■ The crystal set is the simplest and cheapest receiver that can be obtained. It consists of nothing more than a tuning coil and a crystal detector in connection with an antenna and headphones. This was the first type used by commercial companies for many years, and is used yet by some. These sets are called crystal sets because the kind and quality of crystal used is all important in this type. It is the crystal which produces the rectification or detection of the electrical oscillations, and which makes it possible to hear the radio waves. Of the various kinds of crystals that can be used for this purpose, such as.carborundum, molybdenite, mahganese dioxide, and galena (iron pyrites), galena is more widely used than any of the others.
No batteries are necessary with most types of circuits u^ing crystals; hence these sets are inexpensive t3 operate. The quality of reception when used on radiophones is the best, in fact better than many receiving sets using vacuum tube detectors. Bat they suffer the great disadvantage of short range, because a
By B. H. Leffler
.great amount of electrical energy must be collected by the antenna before rectification can take place and enough energy passed on to the phones for reception. Some crystal sets have been known to “pick up” broadcasting stations more than 500 miles distant That, however, was freak reception or was accomplished under ideal conditions. The probable consistent and dependable range is about twenty-five miles.
Crystal sets, therefore, have a low first cost, are inexpensive to operate, and produce excellent quality in reception; but their great disadvantage is in their short range and in the difficulty of holding a sensitive spot on the detector. Because of these disadvantages, the large majority of sets in use today comprise one ' or more of the remaining four types. In spite of their disadvantages, crystals are again in-' creasiug in popularity, largely because of the increase in the number of super-power broadcasting stations and because of their particular advantages in certain circuits; for instance, the reflex, type 3.
In all the remaining types of receiving sets, vacuum tubes are used in one way or other, either for detection or for amplification. The simplest type of receiver consists of a tuning unit, a vacuum tube detector, and two batteries, one for the low voltage filament circuit and the other for the high voltage plate circuit. The set must also contain some means whereby the battery potential can be adjusted and controlled. This type has several modifications depending upon the kind of circuit used. It is sometimes known as the single circuit, two circuit, three circuit, or as the Armstrong regenerative circuit. It is given the latter name because Major Armstrong is generally given the credit of having been the inventor of the regenerative principle used in this type of circuit.
A regenerative receiver is one in which a part of the output energy is fed back into the input circuit to reinforce the incoming oscillations and thus to* increase the volume of received signal. The vacuum tube itself, when used as a straight detector, is far more sensitive than a crystal detector. When the principle of feedback or regeneration is used with it, it becomes many times more sensitive and the amount of increase in A< siL'iinl strength is truly wonder-
ITO
PtctSfexn IT, 1024
GOLDEN AGE
ful. The .amplification possible is tremendous. At first thought this would seem like getting something for nothing; but no, the increase in energy comes from the local batteries. The vacuum tube merely acts as a trigger to control the large reservoir of electrical energy contained in the local batteries.
Because of its sensitiveness, this type of re-, ceiver has the advantage of reaching out to great distances. Its disadvantages are in its 1 greater first cost, greater operating expense for tube and battery replacements, and in that the quality of reception is not equal to that of a crystal. The latter disadvantage has been somewhat overcome in one form of the next, the reflex type of receiver.
In reflex receivers, detection can be accomplished either by a vacuum tube or by a crystal. When a crystal is used, the quality of reception inherent in a simple crystal set is maintained at the same time that great sensitiveness is obtained by the use of vacuum tubes as amplifiers.
Reflex receivers get their name from the fact that the tube or tubes used in them are made to do double duty; that is, they first amplify the feeble high frequency currents from the antenna, detect them, and then the output of the detector is fed back through the preceding tubes which are used the second time to amplify the low frequency audio currents. The use of vacuum tubes thus to amplify both the high radio frequencies and the low audio frequencies results in great economy in the number of tubes necessary to secure a certain amount of volume, also in the amount of battery energy necessary to secure that volume. A reflex receiver using only one tube has been known to produce signals of loud speaker intensity from distant stations. Their main disadvantage is in the critical adjustment of the circuit's electrical constants necessary for satisfactory reception. They are prone to whistle and to produce various noises which are not inherent in other types. For .that reason it is not advisable for amateurs to'try to build their own reflex sets. When properly adjusted, a factory-made reflex set will give excellent results.
There are several modifications of reflex receivers, one of which is known as the Grimes “Inverse Duplex, or simply as the Grimes circuit. In it reflexion is made to take place in
an inverse order from that of radio frequencyamplification. That is, consider a set having four tubes, one, two, three, and four the detector. Radio frequency amplification is accomplished by passing through the tubes in the order, one, two, three, and detector. The output of the detector is then passed through the same set of tubes in an inverse order; three, two, and one. Thus reception is accomplished by placing the phones in the output, of, the first tube. The advantage of this arrangement is that all the tubes are worked at a more uniform average intensity, which simply means less distortion or better quality. '
By using tubes in a double capacity, such as is done in the reflex sets, it is possible to obtain approximately the equivalent results from three as is ordinarily accomplished by the use of five.
“Neutrodyne” is a trade name applied to the fourth type of receiving set The fundamental principle upon which this type of set operates was discovered by Prof. Hazeltine. Neutrodyne itself simply means "neutralized local oscillations'’. This is a type of receiving set that uses several stages of radio frequency amplification ahead of the detector, and then one or more stages of audio frequency amplification after the detector. Ordinarily such receiving sets would not operate properly because of the tendency of such a set to oscillate and thus introduce all sorts of local noises. In the neutro
dyne, certain electrical constants which produce ; the oscillations are carefully balanced out or ? neutralized by the use of small variable con- -< densers between the radio frequency tubes. The . quality of the reception is of the best. At the same time the selectivity, sensitivity, and vol- . ume of reception are all that might be expected /■< from an ideal set. Its main disadvantage is - - 7: the first cost and operating expense. It is .7 probably the best medium-priced receiver on the market today. “Aj
The last, the super-heterodyne, is the Rolls Royce of radio reception. It undoubtedly is.the. highest type of receiving set that has been de- ' veloped to the present time. All that might be '-/’T. expected in distance, sensitivity, selectivity, and ' volume arc found in this type of instrument. . / Super-heterodynes are made to use six, eight, ' ten, or even twelve tubes.. The expense for upkeep is therefore more than for most other types. Its great sensitiveness is due to the fact
it- GOLDEN AGE
that radio frequency amplification is accomplished by changing the incoming radio frequency oscillations to another and different frequency, such that the type of amplifying transformers used can be operated at their highest point of efficiency.
How this is accomplished is an interesting scientific principle. Consider two tuning forks having slightly different rates of vibration. If both forks are made to vibrate simultaneously,’ there will be emitted three notes; one from fork rA, another from fork B, and the third a combination of A and B, which has a frequency equal to the difference between A and B. By changing the vibrating rate of either A or B, this third note can be made to have any frequency desired.
That is the super-heterodyne principle. In a radio receiving set, the same result is accomplished electrically by having a source of local
Baoonrx, X Y.
oscillations made to combine properly with the 1 incoming oscillations. The combination of the i two frequencies produced a third frequency, which is then passed through several tubes and amplified. In a super-heterodyne that is properly assembled and adjusted, the quality of i reception is of the best. - '
Such are the types of receiving sets developed
to the present time. What the future will bring
forth awaits to be seen. Surely all radio apparatus of the future will be far more efficient ; than the best in use now. When we realize that
the Scriptures clearly indicate that it is. the
Lord who is opening up the flood-gates of knowledge and invention, and that these modern won- • ders are not the result of man’s superior ability, * then it can reasonably be expected that the future will witness many more wonderful inventions to bless mankind.
Good Receiving Antenna
MANY articles have appeared in various books and magazines on the construction of an antenna for radio reception; but when the average man comes to putting up his own antenna he, as a rule, forgets all that he has read or should have read on the subject, and forthwith climbs to the roof in a hurry, takes one general survey of the situation and decides on the easiest way to get it done quickly. He then rushes down stairs and hooks up his set; and in his enthusiasm he feels satisfied until some few weeks have passed; and then he begins to wonder why his radio set does not work better than it does. The oft-repeated old adage is still true, here as elsewhere, that a chain is no stronger than its weakest link. A radio receivingset is no better than its antenna.
We use the word antenna instead of the commonly used word aerial because, as a rule, the word antenna applies to both the lead-in wire and the cross section or horizontal wire; for both oLthese should be made well. There is a right way to construct an antenna, as experience has demonstrated, and it will repay the constructor for his care and trouble to install it properly.
Few of us appreciate what this thing called
By Roy Coal; '
I radio frequency, which is accumulated on our antenna, really is. But if we stop and think, we perceive that if this radio frequency will travel fronra remote broadcasting station and . induce a current in our antenna, it will also hop off our antenna to another object which may be close to our wire, and pass into the ground; for these frequencies seek the easiest path to the ground.
Two things can be learned from the above: (1) That all surrounding objects are absorp-tives of energy to our antenna system, therefore should be kept as far away as possible; (2) that a good direct ground is essential. So then, the ideal antenna should be hung from two sky hooks, in a clear space, and a wire dropped directly down to the radio set. Of course this is not always possible, but we do not have to make our antenna system so poorly as some make tlbcirs.
We do not need to put the insulators two inches away from an iron pipe or a brick wall, but for a very small price we can buy better insulators than a cleat insulator. We do not have to run our lead-in wire over the edge of a tin roof or down the side of a brick building with the wire (oven if it is rubber covered)/ touching the bricks.
The Kind of Wire to Use
NY one knows that copper is the easiest metal to corrode. This corrosion and the accumulation of dust and soot on an antenna wire are a direct resistance path to these radio frequencies which we are trying to guide to our receiving sets.
It has long been known that these radio frequencies travel or exist on the surface of the wire. So then it is easily,seen that if this coating of corrosion is a conductor and yet a high resistance, and the copper wire is a conductor and a low resistance, there are two paths formed for our radio frequency to travel over; and as this has a tendency to travel on the surface it will take the high resistance path; and therefore we shall get a smaller proportion of current than if our wire were clean and new.
Some people are inclined not to believe this fact; but nevertheless it is quite easy to avoid this corrosion, and in so doing to prove its worth. Use only solid copper-enameled wire. Size number 12 is preferable, and size 14 is next best. Any smaller wire will raise the resistance of the antenna very much. Solid wire is recommended because the little grooves formed by the stranded wire make an ideal bed for the accumulation of dirt and soot. Therefore by the use of solid wire this is avoided. When enameled wire is used, we find that our antenna is as good at the end of a year as when it was first put up.
The length for the antenna wire to be used with the present-day receiving sets should be somewhat longer that that used with the old type single circuit sets. A good length is one hundred and fifty feet, with from thirty to forty feet of lead-in -wire. Especially in the country suburban localities is this desirable. It makes .very little difference which way the wire runs, just so that it is in the clear.
One wire of the above dimensions is sufficient, and the addition of two or three wires to this one only increases atmospheric disturbances and does not increase the signal strength at alL Some seem more interested in making the antenna high than they do in reducing the losses. The antenna should be thirty to fifty feet off from the ground. When it is increased very much above this height, not much if anything, is gained. It is better to have an antenna fifty feet high without anything under it, than it is to have it ten or fifteen feet above the roof of a ten-story building.
It is very important to keep the ends of the antenna away from the supports. The best way to do this is to fasten a rope to the poles or building and run it out about five or six feet and, place it in a good Pyrax glass insulator. Then extend the solid copper enameled wire from that. Have the same length of rope and the same arrangement at the other end. .
ifte Lead-in Wire
IF THE wire is located on a roof,'and the wire runs over the roof, liave the rope long enough so that the lead-in wire will drop directly from the horizontal wire to the window where it enters the house. Remember to keep it as far away from the building as possible. Always operate the set near the window where the leadin v i re enters the house.
The ground wire should be rather large and rubber-covered. It is best to have this wire as short as possible. A cold-water pipe is ideal fcr a ground; it is hard to make one better. The paint from the pipe should be scraped off, and a ground clamp should be used with the ground wire fastened to it. The next best grounds are named in order: Gas pipe, steam pipe, pump in a well or a cistern. The poorest, of all is a pipe or a rod driven into the ground.
The Angels’ Song
What heavenly host Is this With son- so full of bliss?
A multitude from realms above with .strains so full of heavenly lore; /Good ridings of great joy!"
"Glory to God on high!
For although man must die.
There's penne on earth, good will to all
Earth's myriad hosts, both great and small;
Blest tidings of great joy 1
Bif ltrs. T. C. Alford
“For man was lost, undone;
In pity came God's Son!”
So sung cho brilliant, shining host
With praise to Ulm who loved us most— The tidings of great joy.
• “A ransom hath been fonnrt
For them in den th-throes bound; The Lamb of God will now redeem Man from his lost state’s low esteem,* So sang the angel throng. -
Holland and Her Customs By J. Bogard
TO THE average person the mention of Holland brings to mind pictures of windmills and dykes; of people in quaint costumes—wooden shoes, wide pants, white turbans, wide collars, etc.; and of herds of black and white striped cattle. The tourist passing through t Holland notes the large tulip fields, visits the great dairies and other points of interest, smiles ! at the dog-drawn carts, perhaps buys some • flowers from a prettily dressed maid, and goes on his way with generally pleasant impressions of his visit to the land of the sleeping Dutchman.
But there is a sterner side to the picture, not so apparent to the casual observer. It is the severe struggle for existence on the part of the majority of the people. As in other European countries, two or three percent of the people own most of the property, and those who do the work must pay royalty of some kind for the privilege of earning a living. '
Farming and dairying are the principal industries. The land is owned by an hereditary aristocracy, and those who till the soil are obliged to pay a large rental for the use of the land. About forty dollars an acre is the usual price per year. The farmer in turn takes it out of his hired help, and imposes hard conditions on those working for him. The wages for farm laborers are very small, and the laborers must work long hours. There are large amounts of food to sell, but often those who do the work can not take enough to satisfy their own hunger.
Forty dollars would go a long way towards buying an acre of land in American farming districts, and would provide rental for from five to twenty years on most farm land. Just how the original owners came into possession of the land and what right their descendants have to collect large revenues from those who do the work is not quite clear; presumably it is a right similar to that of the divine (?) right of Icings to rule.
About fourteen to sixteen hours is the usual work day for the farmer and his help. The women and rihe young children also do heavy work, and for long hours. Land is seldom or never sold in Holland. Those who have inherited it keep possession of it, and pass it on to their children. The tenants stay in one place from one generation to another; the son inheriting from the father Mie right to lease.
The people have received this custom from previous generations, and do not seem to question the propriety of such a situation. To them it seems always to have been so, and will always continue to be the custom.
For the encouragement of those who love righteousness, the Lord has foretold through His prophets that such conditions will not prevail during the righteous reign of Messiah. Isaiah (65:21,22) says: “They shall build houses, and inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, and eat the fruit of them. They shall not build, and another inhabit; they shall not plant, and another eat: for as the days of a tree are the days of my people, and mine elect shall long enjoy the work of their hands.” Another prophet declares: “They shall sit every man under his vine and under his fig tree; and none shall make them afraid: for the mouth of the Lord of hosts hath spoken it.” (Micah 4:4) Thus the Bible shows that under Messiah’s kingdom, near at hand, there will be no more greedy landlords or oppressors living from the toil of others.
In the year 1900 my father died, and six years later my mother died. 1 was then twelve years of age; and being left alone in the world I was placed with a farmer to earn my living. I had to get up at four o’clock in the rooming, slip into my wooden shoes, and go out to milk the cows. After that I was kept busy at other work until late at night. The food also was very poor, and I rarely had enough to satisfy my hunger. There were pictures of fruit and of fat bulls and cows, etc., hanging on the walls, but seldom anything of that kind on the table, at least not when I was around.
How the Dutch Worship
THE Dutch people are very religious, and nearly everyone belongs to a church of some kind. A person not belonging to some religious body is looked down upon, and considered undesirable in the conununity. The usual Sunday services are from nine o’clock in the morning until eleven-thirty, and then again in the afternoon, from two-thirty until five.
The Catholics go the Protestants one better for attendance at religious service; for in addition to the morning and afternoon services they attend Mass at five o’clock in the morning.
The collection is taken in the middle of the morning "service. The church officials do not pass a plate around, "but have a velvet bag on the end of a fishing pole, with which they are able to reach the remotest corners; and they come around not once but three time in succession. The congregation also pay a certain sum for the seats.
There is no heat in the churches during the winter; and the men sit with their overcoats on, and their hands in their pockets. The woman bring with them a foot warmer or “stoof", as it is called; it is a little wooden box containing a stone pot with lighted charcoal in it. If they do not bring one, they can get one from the janitor, which of course must be paid for.
Then the preacher entertains them with stories of heaven—what a lovely place it is, and how they may enjoy themselves watching poor sinners squirming in the “lake of fire" below. The lack of heat in the churches makes a sermon on hell-fire seem not undesirable occasionally; for it is at least talking about something warm.
Sometimes in some districts one sees the preachers still wearing the dress of mediaeval times: knickerbockers, buckle shoes, long-tailed coat and shovel hat; and one feels that notwithstanding their serious faces they would be more ; appropriate in a comic opera.
I was given three cents each Sunday to put into the collection bag (one for each time around); but I often bought candy with them, and put in flat stones instead.
After a year of service ■with the first farmer I was placed with another; and here I had to get up at three-thirty, instead of at four o’clock as at the other place. This man said that he was going to treat me well. He used to give me two big black cigars on Sunday morning and ten cents a week. But the food was'worse than in the former place.
It was here I learned to eat raw eggs, to which I helped myself at the chicken house, when the farmer was not there. I also used to steal the bread intended for the dog. It was hard on the dog, but J was hungry, and the evolutionists say that self-preservation is the first law of nature.
In South Africa the Dutch arc considered the most efficient slavcdrivers of any nationality. This is due no doubt to their home training and national characu istics fitting them for such ' vocations.
In the church they hi -lass for young boys- ‘ on Tuesday night to instruct them in the creed ' and the catechism. I attended there; and one evening when I had asked a question on the Bible, ■ the preacher treated me very roughly and told ;■ me that I was not wanted there. After that, I quit going to church on Sundays, and played i billiards instead. I was soon listed in the coun- : try as being “no good”.
Is it any wonder that under such circumstances I had no faith in religious institutions and , believed nothing at all! i
In most families the Bible is read after every < meal, although little or nothing of it is under- i stood, The people can scarcely answer the j simplest question on Bible doctrine. How much better it would be if they would apply their ; hearts and minds to learn the true meaning of God’s Word and be ready to obey it in deed and inspirit! .
The Lord through the prophet Isaiah (29: 11-14) says: “The vision of all is become unto you as the words of a book that is sealed, which men deliver unto one that is learned, saying, Read this, I pray thee: and he saith, I cannot; for it is sealed: and the book is delivered unto one that is not learned, saying, Read this, I , pray thee: And he saith, I am not learned, ‘ Wherefore the Lord said, Forasmuch as this people draw near unto me with their mouth, ! and with their lips do honor me, but have removed their heart far from me, and their fear towards me is taught by the precept of men: ' Therefore, behold, I will proceed to do a marvelous work among this people, even a marvelous work and a wonder: for the wisdom*of their wise men shall perish, and the understanding of their prudent men shall be hid."
Then the Prophet speaks of a better time (verse 18): “In that day shall the deaf hear the words of the book, and the eyes of the blind ’ • ’ shall see out of obscurity, and out of darkness.” This will be the time of Messiah’s reign, when the knowledge of the Lord will be world-wide and when false, deceptive doctrines shall no longer be permitted. Continuing in the 19th* verse the Prophet says: “The meek also shall in- . crease their joy in the Lord, and the poor among men shall rejoice in the Holy One of Israel.” ' I
In the Reformation times many of t*e people 1
pa , The. Golden Age ' :
of Holland accepted the doctrines of the Reformers. The Prince of Orange, the ruler of the country, accepted the Calvinistic doctrines. The Synod of Dort (1618) organized the Low-Dutch Reformed Church as the national Protestant church. This lasted until the revolution of 1795; and then in the revision of the Constitution in 1848 complete religious liberty and equality of all persons and congregations were guaranteed. ’
Most of the worship at the present time is mere formalism, the people accepting without investigation doctrines and practices handed down from former generations. However, there are evidences that some of the people of Holland are beginning to awake to the importance of the events of the present time and to seek for more knowledge from the Word of God.
Bits of Interesting History
A LARGE part of the surface of Holland is below sea level, the water being kept back by dykes and by pumpingstations which dispose of the surplus rainfall. When one goes to the seashore, it is necessary to go uphill for two or three miles. It is for this reason that the country is called The-Netherlands, or Lowlands, which is the original name of the country. It came to be called Holland after the chief province, in which the capital city is located. The windmills, with the pictures of which everyone is familiar and which add so much to the picturesqueness of the landscape, are being replaced by modern pumping stations which do the work more efficiently.
Holland is noted for its system of waterways and canals. No other country in the world has developed inland navigation to the extent that it has been done here. The canals are used for transporting all kinds of freight. Much of the freight that is hauled on trucks or freight cars in other countries is carried here by the canal boats.
Oftentimes the canals are higher than the land surface, the water being kept back by the dykes. Sometimes the dykes prevent the water from being seen; and vessels sailing along the canal appear as though they were sailing about the country on dry land.
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