Golden Age, October 8, 1924
Download: PDF — Golden Age, October 8, 1924
TRUTH
BUILDING RADIO RECEIVING SETS
RADIO AND
ITS CONTROL
: WAR AGAINST
VACCINATION
VoL VI Bl-Weeklv No. 13J
7 October 8, 1924
THE WORLD COURT
A DIGEST OF
: WORLD NEWS
. . 50 a copy — $1.00 a Year
; • 'Canada and Foreign Countries $ 1.50
r VORLD
' Y DYING
a Journal of fact tope and courage
NEV , j
V0RLO | BEGINNING f
Contents of the Golden Age
SI- - ■■LIL-"" __ --- ‘L ------------- -- .f—
Labor and Economics What We Do for Money...... s ,
Wage Levels and the Tariff.......
; Finance—Commerce—Transportation
A Digest of World News—Eastern Hemisphere . . . .
America’s Trade with Greenland.........
Valueless Road Bonds......... . . .
Political—Domestic and Foreign
Europe Preparing for War..........
Great Britain, Ireland............
Labrador, France, Germany..........
Russia, Finland ..............
Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Italy, Turkey, Afrirn . . Palestine, India ..............
China, Japan ...............
Disarming the Public............
Attorney General Stone’s Great Task......
Science and Invention
Building Radio Receiving Sets (Illustrated) .
Radio and its Control .........
Is an Electrical Ring About to Break? . . .
Home and Health
Pittsburgh Fighting Vaccination......
The War Against Vaccination in Pennsylvania Vaccination in Czecho-Slovakia .......
. Religion and Philosophy
The Druids (Cartoon)...........
When the Show Will Start........
The World Court............
Bible Holds Forth Solution.........
The World Court Shall Come........
People to Rejoice in (he Decisions......
Radio Will Carry Court Decisions......
The Things We Once Believed.......
Studies in “the Harp of God”........
28 2!)
Published every other Wednesday nt 18 Concord Street, Brooklyn, N. V., TL 3. A^ by WOODWORTH, IIUDGTXGS A MARTIN
Copartners and Proprietors Address: IS Concord Street, Brooklyn, N.Y., U.S.A, CLAYTON J. WOODWORTH . . . Editor ROBERT J. MARTIN . Business Maaa<« W.U. F. nUDGINGS . . Sec’y and Trens.
Fivb Cents a Corr—11.00 a Vkau Makb Remittances*?© TILE GOLDEN AGE FOREIGN Offices: British.....34 Craven Terrace, Lancaster date, London W. 2
Canadian.....« • . . 3S--4O Irwin Avenue, L’uronto, Ontario
Australasian >••••», 495 Collin* Street. Melbourne. Australia South African ...... 6 Leila Street, Cape Town, booth Africa
Entered as second-class matter at Brooklyn, N. X., under the Act at March 3, 1879
The Golden Age -
M^Massass=ss ” ■! ■ — ..-r- .. _ ,' - ==■,.. ■■■■—. „, . sgggggsgst:
Volume VI Brooklyn* N.Y., Wednesday* Octobers, 1924 Number 132
A Digest of News—Eastern Hemisphere
(Radio-cast from WATCHTOWER WBBR on a wave length of 273 meters, by the Editor.]'
Europe
THE London Daily Herald reports Mr. E. D.
Morel, member of Parliament, as saying, “Frantic preparations for war are being made all over the continent. There is going on now a more extensive output of war material than at any time since the 'peace'. The powerful industrial and professional interests of France are turning Europe into a vast arsenal/' Mr. Morel stated that the chief centers of production are in Czecho-Slovakia and Austria, where during the past two years whole trainloads of war supplies have been manufactured for Jugoslavia, Roumania, Poland, and other neighbors of Ger, many and of the Balkan States. Mr. Morel pointed out that these war munitions have been paid for by money loaned to France.
' The number of American tourists visiting Europe this year is put at 300,000. Not only is this a record toll of tourists, but their average expenditures are put at $1,000 each, which is double what it used to be. The result of this greatly increased expenditure of American money in Europe lias had the effect of materially helping the European exchange situation.
Great Britain ,
AFTER almost interminable discussions Russia and Britain have finally come to an , agreement of much the same Icind that a family comes to when they have had a good, old-fashioned family row. These nations have agreed for the present to forget everything that hap, pened during the ten years from 1914 to 1924. .But the Soviet Government is ultimately to pay a lump sum which will be divided between the sufferers by its acts, after a commission has determined just what these sufferings amounted to.
p The treaty between Britain and Russia omits all mention of the king of England,- This is > the first time that such a thing has ever been- -J done in a British treaty. The reason for this. : j is that there is no head to the Russian Govern-^,5 ment, and the treaty was made not in the name -e of any Russian individual, but in the name of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. It is not expected that the king of England will sign: the treaty, there having been some intimations t that the Soviet officials were unwilling to sign a treaty bearing the signature of a king. .
About a year ago, Philip Snowden, the pre- v sent Chancellor of the Exchequer of the British Government, moved in the House of Commons ;•/ a resolution in favor of. Socialism. But the > newspapers report that on May 21, 1924, at a >■ reception at Buckingham palace, Mrs. Philip ? Snowden appeared in a gown of soft, jade-green J crepe romain with the draperies held at the waist with a jeweled belt. Besides this, a train’ ; of silver lame shot with jade fell from her right shoulder and was held at the left side of L‘ i her waist. Moreover, she had a white ostrich feather fan, ornaments, and pearls. Evidently ■ ' Socialism pays in England! ./
S Ireland -j
HE British Government is in a dilemma over the question of the boundary between Ulster ■
and the Irish Free State; The treaty between ' Britain and the Free State calls for the estab- j lislmient of this boundary; but the British :*/ Government is unable to persuade Ulster and . -: does not dare attempt to coerce her; and yet, if something is not done, the whole treaty be- i tween Britain and the Free State becomes null ; and void. :
The Colonial Secretary, Mr. Thomas, and the ; Home Secretary, Mr. Henderson, were sum-' ?■ moned to Dublin for a hasty conference with
' • ’ • ••• ■ ; -".j
*7 ? < GOLDEN AGE
' President Cosgrave, of the Irish Free State. They arranged with Sir. Cosgrave to make the settlement of the boundary question the first business to be taken up by Parliament when it ^resumes its sittings September 30, a month pearlier -than was desired or expected before their visit to Dublin. A bill to settle the boundary question has already been introduced in the .House of Commons; but debate upon it is postponed until the end of September, in hope that meantime the Ulster Government will nominate a member of the boundary commission.
America’s Trade With Greenland
AMERICA'S trade with Greenland is practically all in the hands of one American company, which obtains each year from the mines at Ivigtut about $250,000 worth of an ore, cryolite, useful in the manufacture of alumium, soda and glass. * The total population of Greenland is only 15,000, of whom only 300 are whites.
■ . <
Labrador Prior To 1474
T\n. Sophvs Larsen, a Copenhagen scientist, reports the discovery of documents issued in
' 1474. by the King of Portugal, conferring a
viceroyalty upon Joa Vas Corte Beal, for his services in location the coasts of what is now Labrador. He states that there is in existence an atlas published in 1534 which designates Labrador as Joao Vaz Land. Leif Ericson is idso1 said to have discovered Labrador in the year; 1,000.
France-
FRENCH people are getting up a new dic-_ tionary. The French Academy has been working on this since 1878, and has now finished the manuscript for the first part, which con-tains the letters A to H. No wonder it is hard to' learn'.French!
y- It is an interesting fact that unlike women in mother progressive countries, French women do /not have the vote, and do not have any interest Ittpolitical matters. Premier Herriot says tliat
, as a rule.French women prefer an enlightened ’ i ^protection to independence. He believes that 'French women will eventually take an interest •in the government, but that it will come gradu-Jally. The radical parties of France fear the influence of the Catholic Church if women are fgiven the suffrage.
A French invention which bids fair to reduce the dangers of automobiling at difficult crossings consists of metal plates across the roadway which, as soon as they are struck by an automobile, instantly flash lights or danger signals in front of the car itself, and also in front of any car that may be approaching the crossing from a transverse direction.
Paris claims to have the worst case of automobile insanity of any city in the world. At^ one of the crossings in the city the number of vehicles passing average 26,000 per hour for four hours. If anything could be better calculated to kill children and to tear to pieces the nerves of adults than these rushing, squawking, vile-smelling appendages of modern civilization, it is something quite outside the bounds of our imagination.
Germany’s Troublesome Monarchists
GERMANY is lining up into monarchist and anti-monarchist organizations, all more or less military in their arrangements, the monarchists vowing the destruction of the republic and the anti-monarchists promising to defend the republic with their lives. In some places the monarchists have demanded the lowering of the republican flag, and the authorities have feared to refuse. '
The New York Tinies reports that the courts of Germany and Bavaria are very unfair toward republicans, but very lenient and kindly toward monarchists. The monarchists, who have time and again tried to overthrow the republic, are given slight sentences which they are not obliged to serve, while republicans are given as much as fifteen-year sentences; and in one lamentable instance a repubEcan offender on a fifteen-year sentence was even denied , the services of an ear specialist to save his one
•good ear.
But probably it is contempt of court in Ger- -many for*anybody to call attention to what everybody knows is unjust and unfair. The. theory that courts are always courts of justice does not work out Often they are the last resort of tyrants. ,
While Germany is having interior troubles with the monarchists, she is being helped by her former enemies. The new liberal Minister of France has granted a general amnesty to
OCTQBEB 8, 1024
GOLDEN AGE
German prisoners and lias thrown open the Ruhr to 210,000 Germans who had been expelled under the Poincare regime. On a motion made by a Belgian and seconded by a Frenchman, Germany was unanimously admitted to the International Chamber of Commerce on June 28. - 4
Signs of Returning Sanity *
IT IS with a great deal of satisfaction that every normal human being reads that during the past year the same people who in 1917 and 1918 were doing everything humanly possible to starve the women and children of Germany, have been doing everything possible to counteract the effect of what was done during those days of insanity.
Indeed, one could almost wish that some of these good men and women had had a little of that goodness about them in 1917-1918, so that many children could have been spared the ravages of tuberculosis and rickets, now so common throughout Germany. In time of war it is fashionable to be absolutely heartless; but after it is all over, all the really decent people feel differently, and regret that they were so easily led into savagery and cruelty.
One man, John Borton, after describing the emaciated shoulders and legs, and the dark rings under the eyes, and then the gratitude bestowed upon himself as one of the relief workers engaged in the feeding of these children who were so unnecessarily starved, said:
"After seeing such true appreciation, I should certainly learn to be big-hearted, too; for these people never seem to tire of thanking us for the little we have done. Perhaps our theories are wrong; but I, for one, am ten times more convinced than ever before that $3,000,000 invested in feeding German children are worth ten times more as security than superdreadnaughts costing $40,000,000?*
The Lord said: “If thine enemy hunger, feed him.” But the sons of the devil say: “If thine enemy hunger, starve him"; and the worst of it is that in time of war many professed children of God^are always found working out the devil’s formula on the devil’s side of the fence.
The flower of Germany's industrial force is leaving the country. During the past year 115,416 sought their homes in other lands, nearly ninety percent of the number coming to the United States. The remainder went to Brazil! and Argentina, about 10,000 to each country.**
The Kaiser has been caught in one fib. May*; be he has told more than one in his lifetime/ but this one he has been caught in. In his; memoirs he has apologized for the perfectly j proper telegram which he sent to Paul Kruger^ at the time the Jameson raid was suppressed/! indicating that it was thrust, upon him by his? foreign office. But diaries of notables who^ were present and know the facts have now dis-Jj closed that the Kaiser was actually planning^ to go to war with Britain over the TransvaalS matter, and that the telegram was sent at the! suggestion of his horrified ministers merely as2 an alternative. Why Britain should have. pro-J tested because the Kaiser believed in Icttingl the Dutch in South Africa run their own coun-» try in their own way remains unexplained..
Germany Sick of War “Z*
ERMANY has agreed to an investigation* of her military situation at the hands, of they
Allies, with the understanding that it be com/; pleted by September 30. Germany claims^ that what were supposed to be military organ!/; zations were merely gymnastic societies. If?; that be true, there would seem to be no need\ for either arms or secrecy. „ . J
In an official statement the German Govern*, ment says: “The German people repulse they idea of war; and among all political elements' reigns the unanimous conviction'that secret; armaments should be rejected as impossible,., useless and dangerous?* The note declares that Germany has not built a single cannon since the war, and has less munitions than the treaty; allows. It invites the Allied investigation, and hopes and expects that because of it Germany -will find admittance into the League of Nations.
Sidney Fay, Professor of European History, at Smith College, in an address before the In-, stitute of Politics at Williamstown, Mass., de-: dared that the belief that Germany plotted the World War is a myth; that Austria went further in her onslaughts on Serbia than Germany had expected; that Germany was unable to influence Austria and equally unable to convince, the powers that she was sincerely trying to do so; that Russia unexpectedly ordered general mobilization; and that Russia twice refused to.
demobilize though’ she knew that her failure to , fud'so meant war with Germany.
Official reparation statistics show that in the ■ [five years since the war Germany has paid in ( go^-way or another on account of reparations ; l^jht-and one-hal£ billion marks. One^third of ■ ^msjamount has been eaten up by the army of < gwcupation. These figures do not include the Value of the seizures in the Ruhr.
SfeThe keenness' with which the Germans are i (Scrutinizing every opening that may lead to the tasking of. an honest dollar is indicated in despatches that the Krupp Works are now manu* ^facturing ^artificial teeth of enameled steel.
^Ehese despatches state that already there arc height deptists working in the department. '
Russia '
sA LL.attempts to overthrow the Russian Gov-i*Vernment come to the same end. The Royalists planned to seize Russia on July 8 of &ns year. Th® Soviet found out about these plans, and had their own workers take part in and even act as leaders of the movement, with . , ithe*consequence that at their proper time the entire movement was squelched and 300 of the ringleaders were seized and executed. .
ft^It is claimed that the Russian army still numbers over a million and a half, and that within the .next three months she will have an aerial Meet of 10,000 airplanes completed and ready Mor . service. But in spite of these facts the ^Moscow Government set aside July 27 to Au-gjist 4 as a time of world-wide protest against [war. Apparently the Soviet Government is determined to have peace if they have to fight Sforit
l&The'greatest oil field in the world, the one at Baku, Russia, three and one-half days distant £rqm Md8cpw, .on the edge of the Caspian Sea, aspentirely under Soviet control. It is now . Nearly up to prewar production. Russia ex
Parted $5,000,000 worth of oil in 1923, and expects to nearly or quite double this during tho present year.1 The Baku fields have recently * installed new ^American machinery worth $2,
000,000..
feixi the southern part of Russia at this time there, isa vast section of country, including blocks of the cities of Odessa, Saratoff
S&d'Tsaritsin, that seems to be sliding into the QBlsdtSea. Several entire blocks have been so .shaken that the houses have fnllon into ruins; mid in one of the principal bathing resorts more than half of the houses have been destroyed. The slow movement is supposed to be due to a shift in the level of a vast underground sea.
Business conditions in Russia continue to improve slowly. Agriculture is up to ninety percent of prewar record; wages are sixty-live to seventy percent of prewar record; the ruble has been stabilized, with the foreign trade balance in Russia's favor. Industry as a whole is even yet only forty-five percent of prewar record. '
The principal cathedral in Russia, St. Isaac's, at Leningrad, requiring forty years to build, and costing over $11,000,000, is to be turned into a museum. Since the separation of church and state, and especially since the discovery of the cotton saints, collections have been so poor that the clergy who once had the responsibility of caring for the stuffed saints can no longer make a living.
Two can play at the game of making claims for damages. The so-called civilized governments have many and just claims against the so-called uncivilized government of Russia, and have been seeking in vain for some way to collect these claims or regain possession of seized properties. Now, the Russians are compiling claims against Britain, France, United States, Japan, and other countries for damages done to Russian property in the many and various attempts made between 1918 and 1921 to prevent the Russians from being misgoverned according to their own peculiar ideas.
The New York Times reports that the Russian Government is planning to put a radio receiving set into every home in Russia and to radiocast news of the day, speeches, music and other entertainments to the people. It seems to us that this is an excellent educational program.
Russia has done much for common people, but it still has the standing disgrace of a state lottery similar to that which was maintained in the State of Louisiana a generation ago.
Finland
FINLAND has a farmer as premier, and the new premier is going about his business in a sensible manner. All land must be used by the owner, or he must sell it to the government. In
this way all the large estates are being broken up and divided among the men who actually do the farming. Mr. Kallio, the premier, states his hopes and plans in a single sentence which is remarkable for the wisdom crowded into so few words. He says: “If we can so adjust our agriculture as to have each farmer the owner of his own land, and then have cooperative enterprises to enable the farmer to realize on his work to the fullest extent, we shall have no fear for the future of Finland.” What is good for Finland would be good for the United States.
Austria
AUSTRIA has done the wise thing in electrifying her railroads despite the initial cost.
The nation’s coal bill shows a tremendous saving, and the saving is permanent. The Commissioner General of Austria points out that only a few of the Vienna banks were involved in the speculations of last winter, and that those not involved are in good condition. He states also that as a result of a stable currency the standards of living and of wages have greatly improved.
Hungary
AT A brewery in Hungary a snake crawled through the bunghole of a beer keg. Then the keg was filled uuth liquor; and the snake, in its struggle to escape being drowned, discharged its venom into the beer. When the keg was tapped, the first two men who were served from the keg dropped dead in a few seconds. Then the keg was opened, and the body of the snake was found. Many of the dry agents in this country are apparently on good terms with the brewery people; and we take the liberty of suggesting this scheme to them as a plan to make the country really bone dry. It should be a relatively easy matter to obtain the snakes. Most people who have hung around breweries long enough have seen plenty of them.
The loan which has just been made to Hungary by the international bankers follows nearly the lines of the loan which has done such great thihgs for Austria. In accepting these loans, these governments agree to abide strictly by the rules laid down by the bankers through their mouthpieces; namely, the Council of the League of Nations.
Bulgaria _
IT NOW transpires that J erdin^^iwH^W!^ king of Bulgaria at the time<of?titS-l^j3® War, is a devotee of astrology, divinatibn^by? sards, and of spiritism in many other fbrmK It is known that this was true of; the- German^ Kaiser and the Russian Czar, and was very probably true of most of the rulers responsible^ for the World War. The Scriptures declare? that the World War was caused by demons^ and we now see how this was brought aboufch^
Italy
ROME has just had two noisy demonstration?-against Mussolini in the streets, in whieh$ the crowds shouted: “Bown with Mussolini!’^ For some reason the police did not interfere^ It is not known whether the police were underx instructions from Mussolini to remain inactive^ or whether they themselves were in sympathy! with the demonstrators. 1
Turkey
A LAW has just passed the Turkish Parlia-’J ment forbidding polygamy. This is in line 5 with Turkey’s rapid progress in the right di-£ rection on many other subjects. As a matter* of fact there are few polygamists in any country^ -now, economic conditions having made poly-;; gamy impractical. ,.
In the hope of preventing the constantly re-£; curving wars between the two countries, Greece ! and Turkey are exchanging millions of citizens, •« involving one of the greatest panoramas of hu-*? man suffering ever witnessed on earth. Greece, ?: already overcrowded, is receiving again to her ~ o^ti shores descendants of those who went into J Asia with Alexander the Great. Greece is send-3 ing back 350,000 Turks who, until now, have^ made their homes in Greece; and she is also^ compelled to return to Turkey tens of thousands of Armenians who have sought refuge within;? herborders. '
Africa
IN THE United States a few years ago, and possibly even yet, any one advocating Communism was in danger of being deported to^ Russia or sent to prison. Accordingly, it is somewhat amusing to read in the New York^ Times that in an official report just sent to the.^
■rri'j. ■:'■■'—■ /
*■<■.’: < GOLDEN AGE bBoo«™, x.t.
Deague of Nations, the statement is made that in Southwest Africa there is a district where Communism has been tried among the natives, and that the plain is working satisfactorily. g:The Times might have gone farther and ocplained that the practice of Communism is is. old as the history of mankind, and is the |hethod uniformly adopted by primitive peo-tles in all ages to prevent the non-use or the isuse of land except fo'r the common good, to prevent the accumulation of wealth in the hands if:the few, and to prevent the starvation of inybody. :
if’An earthquake has just split one of the rivers if JBritish East Africa into three parts. This occurrence suggests to the mind one of the aethods that may be used in causing streams o break forth in the deserts, as the Scriptures oretell will be the case during the age now open-ng. If, as is claimed, the whole Sahara Jesert rests upon an immense lake of fresh rater, it is not outside the realm of possibilities iat earthquakes, volcanoes, and boiling springs lay throw these waters to the surface.
-The Prophet says: “In the wilderness shall waters break out, and streams in the desert, ind the parched ground shall become a pool, nd'the thirsty land springs of water?* In nother place the same Prophet also says: “I 'pl open rivers in high places, and fountains i.-the midst of the valleys: I will make the ilderness a pool of water, and the dry land prings of water ”—Isaiah 35: 6,7; 41:18.
How the plague of sleeping sickness, which tfone period cost the lives of 100,000 natives i .the province of Uganda, was finally brought uan end was interestingly explained by one E the physicians in attendance at the conven-om at Toronto held for the advancement of deuce. -A careful study of the disease showed iat.it was restricted to the islands of Lake ictoria and the territory lying within a few Ues of the shore of the lake. Subsequently it as-proved that the disease occurred only in te .territory inhabited by the tsetse fly. When ie population was moved back a few miles from te shore* of the lake, the disease died out.
;The district of Ben Gardane in the Sahara ysert, which fifteen years ago was merely a tfting place for caravans, is now (thanks to drilling of-artesian wells) the centre of an iye tract supporting 20,000 people.
The treasure found in the tomb of King Tut-Ankh-Amen is estimated to be between $15,000,-000 and $40,000,000 actual value, while as historical matter it is priceless. The discovery of the tomb has effected the fashions of clothes, jewels, and furniture throughout Christendom.
Palestine
Samuel Uktermyeb, one of the foremost lawyers of America, on a return from Palestine reports that on an average 1,000 new homes are being erected annually in the Holy Land, most of them of concrete, of the two-family style. These buildings are of the most modern design, and are being constructed in suburbs planned after the best European and American models.
Palestine has one entirely new city, the strictly Jewish city of Tel-Aviv, built since 1909, in which there are now 1,500 buildings, water supply, electric lights, sewers, and .everything else up to date, even including a municipal debt contracted through brokers in New York.
Direct steamship service between Odessa and Palestine, which was broken off by the World War, has been resumed; and on the first boat to make the trip 171 Jewish emigrants left Soviet Russia for Palestine. Zionism is in disfavor with the Soviet Government. The expulsion of ’ /
Zionists from Russia to Palestine is a direct fulfilment of the prophecy of Jeremiah 16:14-16, which please see. Late reports from Poland show 3,622 Zionists from that country alone planning, to make their home in Palestine as soon as permission can be obtained. Among the Zionists planning to return to Palestine are several thousand Maranos. These Jews are nominally Christians, having been compelled to accept Christianity in the days of the Inquisition; but they are still Jews at heart, and have expressed their desire to join their Jewish brethren in the Holy Land.
r
India \
FIGURES have just been published that in the flu epidemic of 1918 not less than 12,-000,000 people died in India alone. There are places in India where in some entire districts there are as many as 578 persons to the square mile, an area of a little less than one acre per -person.
.. The riot in Delhi, India, which caused the ’death of six people and the injury of a hundred, resulted from the (having of sacred cows / .through the area where the Hindus live. Cows are sacred to the Hindus, but not to the Mo-hn.Tnrneda.ns, who intended them for sacrifice. The death of the American Vice Consul in . . Persia was because he took a photograph of a ’ sacred well. Some of the superstitions prevalent in the Western World are no less unreason-»able.
The mountain climbers who have been engaged recently in the effort to scale Mount Everest, report having found some signs of life at even the highest points which they reached. Some forms of plant life were observed at 18,000 feet above sea level, while spiders were found at 22,000 feet. The highest residences of human beings are at 15,000 feet. In the state ’ of Colorado there is a number of good-sized towns and the large city of Leadville at high elevations. Leadville is 10,200 feet above sea level.
Interested by the repeated efforts of the British to climb Mount Everest and by the near success which has several times greeted their efforts, a picked corps of Swiss Alpine climbers is now planning to attack Mount Everest next spring. Instead of carrying a heavy oxygen apparatus they purpose to carry small vials of oxygen for use whenever a climber is overcome from want of air.
China
CHINA'S affairs are always in a muddle these days. The bandits seem to be having tilings much their own way. The protests of foreign governments get more and more emphatic. The cabinr lias resigned. China needs sorely just such a government as the Lord has promised to give. ' How glad the Chinese, and everybody else, will be when the Lord brings order out of present chaos!
China has the humiliation of having to present allvher legislation to foreign legations before it can go into effect. She recently
passed a trade-mark law, which was^acq^t^ by the legations; but when they fouhdfflfaf ifc cut down some of the foreigners’ nghti^'to^e^ ploit the Chinese, the legations, notifiedfifife Chinese that the new law would not.bejallawedL to stand. " . . -
The female students of the'Chinese/Natimiaf University have started a woman’s movement; in* China demanding the destruction,, of Xthei ancient Chinese conception that woman ;iiin^; ferior to man, the estoppage of polygamy: and; of the purchase and sale of women, and ofrthtf? anti-women Chinese judicial system,»i equal? rights with men in civil law,.the right-taen^ gage in politics without police' interference;' equal pay for equal work, popular female education, and an open door to all trades and pro-fessions, along with protection of maternity..
Japan u 1
TV/TONEY seems to have the principal say in -LVJ- Japan in these days, as it has elsewhere. At the elections recently ’ concluded in that country it is estimated that something over $20,000,000 were spent by the contending parties; and in Tokio one of these men expended $150,000 and won the place for which his princi- ,
pal opponent expended $100,000. In one case a- ;
candidate for office had only $10,000 to spend, and received only 90 votes, while his successful rival received 3,000 votes. , ;
The Japanese legislature has hired' fifty : strong men to act as sergeants at arms in an ! effort to preserve order in the Diet and to pre- ‘ vent ruffians from breaking up its sessions. ; At a recent session there were fist fights and deluges of members by water thrown from the balconies. ,
Not to be outdone by the Christian countries-of Europe, the Japanese.Government is now < having built in Italy several planes entirely of' . metal, which will enable them to fly from Japan* to the Philippines and back, and while they, are" on the way to drop a ton of poison gas or some' other product of modem civilization upon their American friends.
"Along the river's summer walk The withered tnfts of asters nod;
And trembles on its arid stalk The hoar plume of the golden-rod.
"And on a ground of somber fir . ,
And azure-studded juniper, . .. v -
The silver birch, its buds of purple shows;
And scarlet berries tell where, bloomed, the tomc*
Building Radio Receiving Sets By Roy Cooke
THE question, Wliat constitutes a good radio set could be answered in many ways; also almost everyone would answer differently. 'As usual the one commenting would be sure . to explain that the set he has at home "beats them all”.
Before describing the construction of a Radio ' Receiver, let us look at some of the causes of loss of energy, and see if there is not a way to remedy this matter;' for with a good antenna, good ground, one vacuum tube as a detector and a properly designed circuit, this alone should bring in almost all the stations one would expect to hear comfortably. The reason why the average set does not bring in the station we desire is not because the energy is not there to be picked up, but because the circuit and the instruments of the average Radio Set are of such high resistance that the feeble currents cannot fight their way through or are grounded by a poor variable condenser.
Simple Way Proves the Best
ET us learn the lesson, and learn it well, that a high resistance circuit is the cause of the loss of two of the most important factors in Radio; (1) the set not tuning sharply, and (2) the absorption of feeble currents that could otherwise be tuned in to clear audibility.
Now, then, is there no way to overcome this ernnmon enemy? There surely is; but'strange to say, from the layman radio-man to the large manufacturers, they all seem to take the longest way home. They invent fancy circuits that make your head swim to look at. They discuss at long lengths, radio frequency amplification. They use more tubes to make the set look better. But every tube and transformer is bound to have its nerve-racking inherent noises; and when speech or music is heard, it is almost unrecognizable due to high amplification. The more simple way often proves to be the best.
Imagine that we could follow the current induced into our antenna by a distant radio station, all the way through the set and to the ground. The very first thing that could be seen is the resistance of the fine wire with which the coils in the average set are wound. But it does not slop here. More important is what the wire is wound on, and the resistance of the things that axe near the coils; still more important is the varnish or shellac with which the wire is coated, and sometimes the insulation of the wire itself.
A perfect coil would be wound on air and insulated with air. Such a coil, of course, is not possible to make; but we can make one pretty close to it. We regret to say that such coils are not to be bought on the market, but must be made at home. They are easily made by simply passing the wire in and out between brass pegs set into a board. ।
The coils should be 3^ inches in diameters Since we want a very low resistance coil, the wire used is number fourteen, double cotton covered. By all means avoid fancy wires, such as stranded or Litz wire; and when soldering use nothing but rosin. Also, as far as possible, avoid putting tape on the coils. Try to cover the wave length range with a single coil. Where this is not possible, cut in a separate loading coil, not too close to the main coils. Now we have a really good low resistance coil.
Making the Condenser Important
HE next question is * a matter of a good' condenser. This is as essential as a good coil; for it is absolutely-useless to take pains to construct a good $oil and use a poor condenser. This fact cannot be over-emphasized. There is a great deal of difference between a fairly good condenser and a correctly designed low resistance condenser. The best type is that known as the grounded rotor variable condenser, which has metal ends. The names of three of the best are; Allen D. Cardwell Condenser, General Radio Condenser, and the General Instrument Condenser. The number of really good condensers is small indeed. In mounting the condenser, always connect it so that the wire to the grid leak and grid condenser comes from the stationary plates, and the wire1 to the filament comes from the rotary plates. It is then possible to tune in signals without trouble from “hand capacity”, one of the most exasperating things in Radio. The proper capacity for the condenser to be used in the circuit described herein is .0005, which is a 23-plate variable condenser with vernier.
The next piece of apparatus essential of good quality is the detector tube socket. It should, if possible, be made of porcelain; the next best is hard rubber or moulded bakelite. The two
. amplifier sockets need not be so particular; for . they handle only audio frequencies.
‘ After all our beautiful arrangement and painstaking effort, let us not spoil the whole .. thing by cramping the works too close together.
Run the leads in the air if possible; keen the ’ coils away from the condenser; and lot nothing touch the coils, except where they arc tied to the small wooden strips by waxed cord.
™ Sometimes when the receiver is completed ypnd put into the cabinet, the cabinet affects the be used in our new well-made
point in its. favor is that (1) it"caifbeLma&£ to tune much more sharply than can;thifc'aatg^^ circuit; and (2), it does not re-transmr?Sgjmi^ as badly as does the single circuit, :wIncirJ5x^ torferes with our neighbors. ’
The number of turns for each coil ai^aidfbl^ lows: Primary coil, eight turns.; first section^ of ■secondary, twenty turns; second section^ secondary, thirty-two tarns.- The / primary should not be too closely coupled to'our good
Sola Tums,P«8Mri«p
C c B AS 90
h VolTS
ii *
TERMINAL SOB AD For back of set
f. — A Battery 2+ A »•
Ul-8 Tuans Basket Weave Coil L. 2-20 " «» »• ■ «
L.3-3O n Honeycomb «
L. 4-32 it Basket Weave »
US-35 « Honeycomb •
C. |-Z3 Plats Condensed. Cap..0009
C.2-00023 Grig Condensed.
G3-0Q2. 3r TMs Condcnsca
5. -
6. +
VOLT B Battwy
tuning. Therefore the cabinet should be made large. If copper shielding is used, it should be kept at least two inches from all coils and ap-
- paratus. x
Circuit Must Be Carefully Made
A FTER almost two years of experimenting with new circuits, we have actually proven that the old double circuit employing an Apcro-die Primary is the best. So tins is the circuit to secondary circuit. Somewhere between 14 an<^' y2 inch is about right. To couple it closely will increase signal strength, but the sharpness of tuning will be lost. All coils are wound with number fourteen double cotton-covered wire.
The first section of the secondary should be kept at least six inches from the second section, and it is a good idea to place the variable condenser between those two coils. These ooils should be wound as tightly as possible;, for. hand-made basket coils always vary slightly in inductance, and the number of turns determines the wave length of the receiver.
The model was especially designed to receive Station WBBR, and to have the peak of effi-. ciency occur at its wave length, or 273 meters. ^Without the loading coil, the set will tune from 200 to 375 meters; and with the loading coil, - will tune from 350 to 550 meters, thus affording ease of tuning over the entire band of broadcast wave lengths.
in order to get the set to oscillate on high waves. : or while the loading coil is being used. The best method of determining whether or not your set will oscillate over the complete band of wave lengths, is to moisten the tip of the finger and keep tapping lightly the part of .the variable condenser which is connected to the grid leak. A weak click is always heard; but 5 if the set is oscillating properly, a very pronounced click will be beard in the head telephones. If this oscillation click is not heard|£“
it is a sure fact that your tickler coil is reversed,
The tickler is a 35-turn honeycomb coil. The ... small wire in this instance is permissible because it is carrying audio frequency. The . location of file tickler is at the lower end of the second sectlpn of the secondary or farthest end away from the grid lead. This seems to be a better location, as it builds up the signals in ’ a greater degree than if it were placed at the upper end of the secondary, as the convential method is. It was necessary to employ ext^cme-< ly close coupling of this tickler to the secondary
■■' 2- . .
and only needs reversing of the leads of this coil. » ”
Just a word in regard to the winding of all • coils: It is very easy to make the mistake of winding one coil in one direction and the other . coil in the other. If this is done, the set will : not work. Make it a point to got the honey- 1 comb coil that you expect to use as the tickler 'iT coil, determine the direction in which the coil is wound, and wind the other coils in the same >■ ■
. direction. In*this way it is not possible to make the mistake and have the usual worries of won-
. dering why it does not work.
^Loading Coil and Short-circuiting
AS STATED before, when designing ihis set we were more interested in having its greatest efficiency occur around 273 meters. Thus, in order to raise the wave length to stations that use higher wave lengths than the set would go, it was necessary to insert in the secondary circuit, as indicated in the Schematic Diagram, a loading coil. We concluded that a fifty-turn honeycomb coil would suffice. If greater efficiency is desired, a like coil can be wound by hand to replace this honeycomb coil. In mounting this coil, try to get it to the back of the cabinet; and it should be turned at right angles to the rest of the coils.
A satisfactory switching system to cut this coil in and out has not yet been determined; for it is a bad policy to short circuit it by a switch fastened to the panel, because this is the grid lead side and also the high voltage end of the coil. So the best way at present is to cut a short piece of flexible wire about three inches long, solder a clip to one end of this wire and the other to the honeycomb coil; then when short waves are desired, simply short circuit the loading coil.
Assembling the Set
MOUNT the coils in the center of the panel, and at least 2 inches away from the panel. (Do not shield the panel.) Construct three hardwood pieces by y>, place the lower ones 2 inches apart, and the other at the top of coils. Tie the coils in place with waxed string. It would be still better if these pieces were first boiled in paraffin oil. The two lower pieces will afford the hinging of the tickler coil, so that coupled to the secondary it can be variable. Run the flexible leads from this coil to the plate and to the Detector jack. Also make the grid lead h’s short as possible. Use only the very best Mica condenser, the capacity .00025 and 7 to 9 megohms grid leak for UV199 tubes
and for UV201-A tubes use•?. capaci^r/^TO^^ MFD, and two to four megohms grid
by-pass condenser is very essential, ahd^hasJK* capacity of .002 MFD. / <
The Amplifier .
THE above precautions apply to aAme-tufi^ set just as well as to a three-tube'f-oneil To amplify signals of minute strength is quite^ difficult; . but if good transformers\ are&iiied* and carefully wired, also if a “C”-Battery
used, it is quite possible to amplify these signals:' (if they are not too weak) to fill a room yery' comfortably. " v
A complete Schematic Diagram will be-found" herewith. x
Summing up the matter, the following should be expected:
1. New stations you have never heard be* fore.
2. Greater selectivity than the average radio set. ;.
3. Control of regeneration so that weak* signals can be worked up to the point where they are almost as loud as local stations.\
It does not seem real that just by overcom-ing the resistance of an ordinary circuit such results can be obtained; but you, as well as everyone who listens, will be astonished that ■ a simple set will do such work. A similar set. was made up for amateur work; and several amateurs in Europe were heard while the set operated in New York. It was also compared with a large set of many tubes; and the signals were brought in almost as well, but not quite so loudly, on account of great amplification of the ’ large set.
There is nothing hard about building such a set. Remember to stay as close to the sug-' gestions herein given as possible. Also use a long antenna.
In a later issue, an article describing thereon-struction of a three-stage resistance coupled" amplifier will appear. The combination of the above and this amplifier should make the ideal radio set for both distance and pure reception.
Erratum
In G. A. No. 127, page GSO, “Tai vania” should power plant on the Auja,za smill river that runs read “Tel-Aviv. Also the electric current for into the Mediterranean Sea near TpLAv?v. Thia ; this city is not generated by the Jordan but by a new city is growing rapidly. , / ; H
Radio and Its Control
IF YOUR regenerative set snorts, wheezes, and then dies out, do not too hastily blamo yourself because you cannot solder like a plumber. It may be a kind of phthisic trouble;
= for big business controls the air. Just compose ^ yourself, and remember that when, the set does - work'it* vindicates some “credulous” persons
.who still believe in miracles.
< Paul, pleading his own case before Agrippa, almost persuaded Agrippa to be a Christian. Festus thought Paul mad. As far as both these were concerned with this Radio experience of Paul's it was merely hearsay with them; they had* only Paul's word for it. From then until the present time others have said in substance: “We have only someone else's word for it that Paul said he heard this voice; therefore, it is hearsay upon hearsay. So if Festus, who was there on the ground, doubted Paul, why should we believe?”
But during this time there were others who believed with a whole heart. They were called credulous, sometimes fools. For believing such "madness” they suffered every conceivable kind of punishment, from rotting in filthy prisons to adorning a cross. Today they stand vindicated, even in the eyes of those who refuse to believe in miracles. Radio has vindicated them, the “invention” of this wonderful appliance is another proof of the infallibility of God's Word.
Like all things, however, that come from the presence of the Lord, Satan grasps it with a desperate hand, much’ as a dro\vning man grasping for a straw. No doubt those who read here have oftentimes heard someone make a remark similar to the following: “The only thing we have that is free is the air; and if there were any method for big business to control that, it would not be free.” That time has arrived.,, By means of radio, to a large extent they control it at the present time.
It seems that one of the prime movers in gaining such control is the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. It is claimed that this giant has long been buying and obtaining rights of various patents that he might secure entire control of the radio field. It is even said that so much of the funds of this giant organization has been spent for patents and in securing patent rights that the stockholders have flooded headquarters with complaints, and asking information in regard to their money
By Chas. Henry East
being spent so lavishly with no certain knowledge of a just return.
Readers of The Golden Age are familiar with the antitypical giants. All perhaps, have had personal experiences with them; and it may interest some to know that the Federal Trade Commission declares that seven of these giants have merged into an eighth, The Radio Corporation of America, and have “combined, conspired and created a monoply ” The seven cited . are: The General Electric Company; American Telephone and Telegraph Company; Western Electric Company, Inc.; Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company; The International Radio Telegraph Company; United Fruit Company; and the Wireless Specialty Apparatus Company.
Perhaps the reader will better understand the situation by reading the following extract from the Federal Trade Commission's report:
“paragraph thirtt: By reason of the facts and acts of the respondents set forth in the preceding paragraphs numbered 8 to 29 inclusive, the respondents ’ have combined and conspired for the purpose and with the effect of restraining competition and creating a monoply in the manufacture, purchase and sale, in interstate commerce, of the Radio devices and apparatus, and other electrical devices and apparatus, and in domestic and trans-oceanic Radio communication and broadcasting by the following means:
"(1) Acquiring collectively, directly, and indirectly, patents and patent rights covering all devices and apparatus known to and used in any and all branches of the practice of the art of Radio, and combining and pooling, by assignment and licensing, rights thereunder to manufacture and use and/or sell such devices and apparatus, competing and non-competing, and allotting certain of such rights exclusively to certain respondents;
“(2) Granting to the Radio Corporation of America the exclusive right to sell such devices and apparatus manufactured under said patents and patent rights and restricting purchases by the Radio Corporation of America devices and apparatus useful in the art of Radio to certain respondents and apportioning such purchases among them;
“(3) Restricting the competition of certain respondents in the respective fields of manufacture and commerce of other respondents; -
“(4) Attempting to restrict and restricting the use of Radio communication and/or broadcasting of articles manufactured and sold under said patents and patent.
“(5) Acquiring the equipement heretofore existing in this country* essential for trans-oceanic Radio communication and perpetuating the monoply thereof by refusing to supply to others apparatus and devices ncces-' sary for the equipment and operation of such service;
“(G) Entering into exclusive contracts and preferential agreements for the handling of trart-oceanic Radio traffic, and the transmission of Radio messages in this country, thereby excluding others from the necessary facilities for the transmission of Radio traffic;
• “(7) Agreeing and contracting among themselves
l^rto cooperate in the development of new inventions relating to Radio and to exchange patents covering the results of the research and experiment of their employes in the art of Radio, including patents on inventions and ' devices which they may obtain in the future, seeking thereby to perpetuate their control and monoply of the various means of Radio communication and broadcasting beyond the time covered by existing patents owned by them or .under which they are licensed/*
This report was signed by the Federal Trade Commission with only one member dissenting—
Commissioner Vernon W. Van Fleet£lt<afeems2 that the only opposition which developed-to^ Commissioner Van Fleet's appointment Commission was that of Senator R. M.lLaFbl-^ lette, that stern champion of the people'^rights^ And now that it appears that Van; Fleet has; taken his stand on the side of big'business, seems as if the Senator saw a good way ahead/; ’ It is stated on very good authority/;that' Senator Watson of Indiana was instrumental" in securing the appointment of Van Fleet by/ President Harding; and it is no secret that. Watson is a bitter foe of the Federal-Trade; Commission. ». / •'
The very fact, however, that Satan is mat-? ing such a mighty effort to block widespread use of this wonderful means of communication., is proof of his present precarious predicament;1 and further, that it is to be one of the chief instruments of the Lord in carrying a blessing to the people. - ...
Disarming the Public By Jos. x Shires
THROUGH the medium of The Golden Age, may we express a word relative to “Disarming the Public”, that is, the individual?
A few years ago, I had never heard nor seen anything upon the subject, save what I had written; and I must say that I have written quite a bit on the subject, to which the files of many newspapers, periodicals, and magazines will testify.
I make this personal reference to show, though advocating questions about which the public had thought or heard little, that to keep sowing the seed will raise a sentiment and, will produce good. Some of my manuscripts have !■■■*• been rejected on the grounds that they were new questions, or wild and visionary, with no hope of materialization.
That body of lawyers in San Francisco the other day went down on record stating that the existence of deadly weapons did contribute to crime, and (he manufacture and sale of such should be prohibited by law. We expect to hear almost all organizations assembled in convention and all educational forces speaking out pretty soon on this question. So we expect to see all these questions wc have been advocating, at a sacrifice of time and money (my stenogra^ pher bills are heavy), bring forth fruit for good and for God.
Now while we class jack and bowie knives; stilettos, knucks and poison as deadly weapons and'instruments, yet there is the revolver, the ugliest and the worst. With this we will, deal more particularly. „.v
The law is inconsistent and weak in that it allows the manufacture, sale and existence of things which it does not allow to be carried or/ used. It is like the mother who gives the child-a tin horn, and then punishes the child for blowing the horn. > - : ■
It is presumed that the purpose of the courts and the law is to punish and prevent crime, promote respect for the law and obedience thereto. This being true, why do the law and courts not remove from weak and frail humanity the5' implements and agencies that produce crime?
It can be clearly demonstrated that to be armed does not protect the home, the shop or the individual on the highway. Robbers or on-einics seeking life or money are armed, usually skilled in the use of weapons, fearless, care not. for their own lives nor the lives of their victims. get the drop on them, so that it is only once in a great while that the victim succeeds in defeating them.
In the homo one has little chance with a wideawake burglar with his search-light, while the victim is half-asleep or excited. For the home, ’’ • burglar alarms could be so arranged that one -could touch them off with one’s feet at the foot . of the bed or. by hands on the headboard or under cover. ,
The presence of deadly weapons, especially revolvers, will cause one to agitate and court difficulties, whereas if unarmed one would court peace. Firearms are dangerous; and one who is physically unfit for fighting or a coward will create death and destraction if armed.
When a drunk, insane, mad or infuriated person takes a gun, somebody will go down, whether it is the intended victim or not. There is a chance and hope for escape with the use of all weapons, save the revolver; but when that is brandished, somebody is going down. The tendency to possess deadly weapons is a bequest of barbarism, at the behest of mammon. There is big money in making them.
There is no question, and the San Francisco Bar Association bore testimony to it, that the existence of weapons, particularly revolvers, bears a close relation to crime; that ninety percent of certain crimes have a pistol associated with them.
. The existence of destructive implements, and particularly the pistol, invites and encourages crime,. accidents, and suicides. Being a quick and easy means of death, revolvers especially encourage suicide. Many a suicide would never Lave tried any other means. The easy access to weapons, no questions asked, invites many recruits to robbers.
A murder means more than that some family has been made minus one or the population reduced; that ofttimes orphans and widows, broken hearts are on both sides; that of necessity there must be a funeral, that expensive courts must be set in action.
After all the evil and crime coming from the-manufacture, sale and existence of deadly weap- . ons of the unlawful type, it is safe to say that not over a thousand people are highly profiting by the manufacture of them. Retail merchants make small profits, and would sell some-* thing else were the weapons taken away. We have found that the weapons are useless and dangerous, and invite crime; that they servono purpose save, it may be said, for officers of " the law. In England officers do ndt carry weapons.
Therefore why should the public suffer so? Is it for the benefit and profit of weapon manufacturers?
All the reform and educational forces, such as movies, platform speakers, preachers and publications, should go to work to build up a sentiment and throw on the light Congress should empower the President, and he should issue a proclamation calling on the citizens to come in and lay down their arms at cost, am 1 should enforce the search and seizure act. This vast amount of precious metal should be turned over to sewing machine and watch factories.
If all the valuable and precious metal tied up in these things, all the accidents, suicides, murders, hangman’s ropes, courts set in action as a result of crime produced by the existence of weapons, inmates of prisons, orphans, widows and funeral processions were arrayed before us in one great panoramic vision, we would stand amazed, and wonder why it all was. .
Valueless Road Bonds By w. a. Bahns
I' AM giving you below a notice that was published in the Tunes Picayune of this city on June 3, 1924, page 18. It appears that the parish of fit. Mary issued bonds on what is known as the Road and Sub-Drainage District ‘ Number One. The land is taxed to a ceriain amount to pay the bonds, and to pay each year .. the interest. It appears that after these bonds were issued, and the work was done, the cost, of the road and drainage was largely in excess of the value of the land. The result was that the unfortunate farmers were unable to pay their taxes. The land was sold, no bidders presenting themselves; and inconsequence the land was sold to the State of Louisiana for the unpaid taxes. The parish now has good
< r *
October 8. 1924
* GOLDEN AGE
sub-drainage and roads; but the unfortunate ' persons who invested in these bonds that gave the parish sufficient money to make the roads are simply holding paper known now as bonds which are perfectly worthless. The banks as a general rule laud these kinds of bonds up to the highest, simply, I presume, to catch the poor sucker; and after the bank maUes a good big profit on it they do not worry whether the unfortunates get back their money or not.
Saint Mary Parish, Louisiana ‘ Sub-Drainage District Number One of Avoca Drainage District
5 Percent Bonds, Dated August 15, 1911, and gust 15, 1914.
Au-
Default having been made in the payment of the interest due on the above bonds on August 15, 1923, and February 15, 1924, and in the payment of principal due February 15, 1924, the undersigned, representing^ number of the holders of the bonds, have
consented to act as a Committee to prdiect,tiie-mbSesfc^ of the bondholders. -
A majority of the lands embraced in the-Dlsfrict’ were adjudicated to the State of L)uisianafor^tixer-of 1922, and the taxes have not been paid thereoneither for 1922 or 1923. As the year of redemption covering the tuxes for 1922 will expire on or about June 24^' 1924, it is imperative that the bondholders take con* certed action, and the immediate deposit of your bonds' with Spencer Trask and Company, 25 Broad Street: * New York city, under the Bondholders’. Protective Agreement, dated May 1, 1924, is requested. .Copier of the Protective Agreement may be obtained from the Depositary. .
The members of the Committee have agreed to serve without personal compensation. . j
Dated June 3, 1924. . - :
Depositary:
Spencer Trask & Company 25 Broad Street
New York —-
Committee: John R. Longmire, James H. Kepper;* -James T. Woodward, Chairman
Pittsburgh Fighting Vaccination *
RESIDENTS of Pennsylvania will be interested to know that the Pittsburgh Health Club has begun a fight against compulsory vaccination, which it expects to take to the State Legislature at Harrisburg. Any Pennsylvanians who desire to participate in this movement are requested by the Health Club to write the following letter to Mr. Andrew G. Smith, Attorney, Top Floor, Berger Building, Pittsburgh, Pa., sign their full names and addresses and give their telephone number:
I, the undersigned, am opposed to Compulsory Vaccination, and I authorize the printing of my name on a petition to the Legislature of the State of Pennsylvania requesting legislation which will exempt from vaccination any individual who declares conscientious objection to the practice, or in connection with any other changes in the present laws governing vaccination against smallpox. .•
I
I i
I
i
…