Golden Age, March 28, 1923

Download: PDF — Golden Age, March 28, 1923

RIGHTEOUSNESS

£

& OLD

EWORLD

DYING

el Journal of fact Hope and courage

EPISCOPAL CHURCH ON TRIAL

f AMERICAN

I • INDIAN

■E IMPRESSIONS L OF BRITAIN —SCOTLAND

5$ a copy — $100 a Ye ar ' Canada and Foreign Countries $ 150

GoJren

oLIV, No.92, March 28,19-

NEV VORLD BEGINNING

Tsu 4

WEDNESDAY, MARCH IS, 1923

CONTENTS of the GOLDEN AGE

SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL

A Pie* tor Tolerance—_______________ - *—

Let Ue Work Together—. - an*

Unking Good Copy tor the u*g**ln«* tn*

Encouraging Informatloo—U True____ am

POLITICAL—DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN

The American Indian.

In a Difficult Situation

Indiana Are SorerdgnA—387 Indian Aeeota Still Large—388 Indiana aa Citieema,

Indiana aa Men. 389 "White Man Lio too Mach" 390

Canadian White* Jut aa

Bad

Slaughter of the Blackfeet 391

Whiten Will not Lot Th«a Alone

The Plot agalnat the

Ptmbloe ________-

Watch the Indian Bureau

Revolution In Germany .. 194 Headed ter the Aab Can 394 New Source of Power for

Palaotlne

Report* from Foreign

CorreepondantB _______

AGRICULTURE AND HUSBANDRY Potato Baleen Get Rich — ,4X4

SCIENCE AND INVENTION

A Little Mora About Stare. Moon Obecuioa Venu.___

-4*9 .414

TRAVEL AND MISCELLANY

Imprenilono of Britain (6) 396 Bunyan and Wolney .390 Approach to Scotland ■. 896 Bruce and Burna.___—3B6

Glasgow and the Clyde

Broad Mlnda and Narrow

India and Cape Horn

Botheeay a Beauty Spot—399

Mary Queen of Scot*

Edinburgh th* Beautiful—399

RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY

Some Honeet Mlnletar* v*« - eon

Erroneou* Teaching* Myatlfylng

Heard tn the Office (3>—....... -

Preaching the Eighth Commandment

The Episcopal Church on Trial—

Studleo In the "Harp of God" , ■

mum **t maw winue* at u iViiim gtrwt. Brooklyn. N. I......U. a A

kr wooDwoiTu, Errtxnuon a*e Harm aATitw j. wooowom.......but*

C A SHWABT........Mtauet Etftw

eoBtrr j. mahui .. . taw uiw* ww r. btoohum......ewr ue rw.

Cmartwi BDd pnprtaaa, taw: II Caw*8 gtwt, BleoUs*. It. T......B. a A

Fiva CUFTB * Corr— 91.00 a Tut ronaion orncae: 34 Crave*

Terrace, Imneaater Gate. London W. i; CMadtan: 270 Dundaa St. W-Toronto, Ontario: A wrretartVrn ' 49* Collins St.. Melbourne, AutraHta Make mlttaneee to The Golden AM tani « wmoil riw oitwr m mvtan. A X ■M *» Ml * Muta 1. im.

ofc Golden Age

▼«lu« IV Brooklyn, N. Y., Wednaaday, Mar. 18, 1923 Na*bar 92

>B«=a==^a^=:^===saXE=a=«B^^=a®==^==a=====^

The American Indian

THE Baptist “Denominational Calendar” for 1921 says: ''The darkest blot on the escutcheon of the United States is its treatment of the American Indian.” This statement will be a surprise to some who have gained their views from recent reports of the Indian Bureau, but an examination of the facts show that the Baptists are not far out of the way.

There are still about a third of a million Indians living in the United States. The Government statisticians claim that there are as many now living as were living in Lincoln’s time, and that possibly as many are living as were living in Washington’s time. They are found in every state in the Union except Pennsylvania. The following are the Indian populations in the states named:

Oklahoma 119,175 Arizona 44,499 South Dakota ____23,217

Hew Mexico _____21,186

California _______15,725

Montana ________12,079

Minnesota 12,003

Washington 11,082 Wisconsin 10,302 North Dakota 8,940 North Carolina____8,179

Michigan 7,514

Oregon 6,657

New York 6,342

Nevada ________—5,854

Idaho ___

Utah

Nebraska

Wyoming — 1/896

Kansas

Mississippi 1,9.6a

There are less than 1,000 Indians in each of the remaining states in the Union. Delaware reports but five in the whole state; and there are less than 100 each in District of Columbia, Georgia, Maryland, New Hampshire, Vermont and West Virginia.

In a Difficult Situation

THE Indians are in a difficult situation. Their ancestors owned the entire area included within what is now the United States. They have seen the white settlers come by the millions and take the best of their lands, until now they are strangers in the lands of their fathers.

The only occupation their fathers knew was the chase, and that is impossible in a country which is stripped of its game and is divided up into farms of small area.

When the Indians owned the land now known as the United States, the ownership was tribal or -communal, as is the case with almost all primitive peoples. One of the chief businesses of the white man in every land he has invaded has been to use this communal ownership as a convenient handle by which to wrest away the common heritage of the natives in exchange for trifles and broken promises.

It is surely for the best interests of the race as a whole that the little handful of Indians that once owned the United States should change their occupation from hunting to something else, so that thousands might live where only individuals could live before. Yet one cannot help pondering how the present millions of white owners of, say, New York State would feel if some yellow men, or brown men, or black men, more powerful and more adroit at making empty promises (if such could be found), should begin to arrive by the hundreds of shiploads and force the natives all into a small reservation while they took over the conduct of the state as a whole.

Two centuries ago the Iroquois Indians owned New York State and Western Pennsylvania. A century ago they were still powerful, and had large holdings. Today all that are left of them are living on 88,077 acres—less than 14 acres apiece; and the worst of it is that they cannot enjoy even that without molestation.

Indiana Art Sovereigns

AS A matter of fact the Indians are a sovereign people; and although they have been surrounded and swallowed up and reduced to the position of a subject people, yet in common honesty the various courts of the United

States have held that their government among themselves is bona fide and that their judicial decision in tribal matters cannot be reviewed or reversed by any judicial body whatever. The Supreme Court has upheld this view.

Thus it comes about that Indians are not citizens of the state in which they live. Indeed, they are not citizens of the United States itself, and can become so only by naturalization or by treaty or by statute. Technically their position is that of wards. The national Government acknowledges a moral obligation to see that these red men, having been despoiled of their patrimony, should be given an opportunity to make a living in the only way now open to them, namely, to engage in the same occupations as the whites. '

We are informed that $14,000,000 a year are appropriated by Congress for the work of the Indian Bureau, of which amount the Government is spending $4,000,000 annually for education in 373 schools of all sorts. If there are 336,000 Indians in the country, as claimed, this makes an average annual expenditure per Indian of $4L67, of which amount $11.90 go for education. It is claimed that no other nation has ever devoted so much money and attention to the care and elevation of 8 subject race.

But it should not be overlooked that the Indian Bureau officials are politicians, the same as in all other departments of the Government, and that the proportions of these amounts which finally get to the Indians depend on many things. What the ordinary run of politician does with the taxpayers’ money may be judged from conditions in Scranton, Pa. The present Director of Public Works there, an honest man, is authority for the statement that prior to the present administration the amount of graft in every square yard of asphalt pavement laid in the city was $1.00; and the city is paved with asphalt from end to end.

But even if all the educational funds went direct to actual teaching of the Indians, it is hard to see that a very elaborate education can be imparted for $11.90 per year. As a consequence only one-fourth of the Indians can read, and only one-third of them can speak English.

It is said that there are 600 missionaries laboring among the Indians, and the Commissioner of the Indian Bureau reports that their work has been of great aid to the Government. We are glad if this is so, and hope that further reports may disclose that they confine their activities principally to the teaching of reading, writing, and arithmetic, as they do in mission fields abroad. The more theology of the dark ages that is taught to Indiana—or to anybody else—-the worse they are off.

Indian Aneta Still Large

rpnERE have been good men and bad men in ■** the Indian Bureau, and there have been good administrations and bad adminiatrationa of its affairs. And even the bad men have sometimes done better things for the Indians than a good man might have done. For example, the Osage Indians were shoved off into a part of Oklahoma which was supposed to be rich in rattlesnakes and otherwise of little value; but it turned out that it was underlaid with petroleum and now the Osage Indians are, per capita, the wealthiest people in the world. There are about 2,200 of them, with incomes of $1,000 per month apiece as long as the oil lasts.

Some whites worry because these Indiana spend their money as fast as they get it; but do not even the whites do the same! Others worry because the Indians spend it for expena-ive automobiles which they soon wreck to pieces on the rough roads; but do not the whites ds the same! Others worry because these Indians came into possession of these riches without ■ doing a tap of work; but do not even the whites ; do the samef The Secretary of the Interior worried because these Indians were making so much money that it did him no good, or but little good; for he was compelled to pay to the tribe $33,000,000 due on sales and leases of oil lands, and withheld by him, the courts ruling that he had no right to hold the money.

This lucky strike by the Osages has been played up in the papers and in "averages” by Government officials until some people think that the Indians are rolling in wealth all over the country. It is not true; on the contrary ths reverse is true. As an instance of the desperate plight of a whole tribe, note that the 1,500 persons attached to the Bishop, California, agency, had a total income for an entire year recently of but $48,000. This means nothing more nor less than starvation subsistence, and such it was. It is claimed that the livestock ef the Indians has increased sixfold in twenty years and is now of a total value of $48,000,000. This is an encouraging item.

There are a few wealthy Indians outside of the Osages. The wealthiest of all is said to be Jackson Barnett, 76 years of age, a member of the Creek tribe, whose reputed wealth is over $3,000,000. He has made large gifts to various Baptist enterprises; but though his income from oil royalties is over $50,000 per month he still sleeps on his front porch rolled in a blanket, disdaining mattresses and pillows, as of yore.

Indians as Citizens

IT IS estimated that one-sixth of the Indians in the country are self-supporting; but over half of them, or 176,000, have been thrown on their own resources, the tribal land holdings having been broken up. This is forcing citizenship, and many are dying in the process.

The tribes do not all take to civilization (so-called) with the same degree of readiness. The Omahas are among the most advanced. Little by little their old equipment has been replaced by the accoutrements of modern civilization. Hereafter the yearly conference of the tribe will be held in a schoolhouse instead of in the open as hitherto. A generation ago the squaws toughened their papooses by throwing buckets of cold water on them in midwinter, and the youngsters never uttered a whimper. Now some of them have the youngsters tucked in perambulators, and they cry like the white babies. Today these Indians are using automobiles instead of horses, and four-fifths of all Indians are now living in houses instead of tepees. The total number of polygamous marriages among them has dwindled to 236. They maintain their blood lines well, as only about one-tenth of their marriages are with the whites.

During the World War the Indians invested $25,000,000 in Liberty bonds. (Of this amount the sum of $2,836,000 was purchased by six persons.) But they did far more than this; they sent 2,000 men into the navy and 10,000 men into the army. It is said that in the American national cemeteries in France there were at one time the graves of 1,700 red men who had laid down their Eves for the Government that manages their affairs for them.

One hundred and fifty of these Amerinan Indians received decorations. Two of them received the Croix de Guerre for special bravery: One held a machine gun four days, turned it on the Germans, and finally captured 171 of them single-handed; another swam the Mensa and the East Canal on the same day, under heavy fire, carrying cables for pontoons, and bringing back important dispatches.

Indians as Men

Missionaries who served among the Indians in the seventeenth century said of them: "They do not overreach in trade. They know nothing about our everlasting pomp and stylishness. They never curse nor swear, are temperate in food and drink, evince an inbred piety toward God, and are more eager in fact to understand things divine than are many who in the pulpit teach Christ in word but by ungodly fife deny him.”

Has the Indian character greatly changed during the four hundred years that the red man has been in contact with his white brother? One might suppose that it would have changed for the worse, and it probably has changed somewhat; but a lady who became well acquainted with the Seminole Indians of Florida says that the Seminole never lies, cheats, steals, nor breaks his word, and that the Seminole language contains no oath.

These Seminoles retreated before the advancing white men until at last they went to five in the great Everglade swamps, among the alligators, snakes and mosquitos, where, until recently, no white man would follow. The Seminole opinion of the white man is summarized in their expression, “White man no good—fie too much.”

For several generations the Seminoles have lived in peace even if they have not been able to five in much comfort otherwise. They have been living with no locks, no doors, no police, no laws, no trespassing, no slayings, no lying, no cheating, no stealing, no private property. This is the way the Indian likes to five.

The white man has now come along and drained the Everglades, and has said to the Seminole: “Hereafter you must live on a little piece of land which, in my goodness and generosity and care for your welfare, I have decided to donate to you.” Now the Seminoles must five like the whites or cease to live.

The Indians in various parts of America have at times been accused of taking things that did not belong to them, but the Indian does not think it wrong to take anything that he wishes to eat This has been the tribal custom

for ages. As long as the tribe as a whole has anything to eat, any member of the tribe who is hungry may take what he needs.

The Indians have sometimes been accused of hard-heartedness; and in truth they have done some things that have almost put them on a par with that Boman Catholic system of the devil which during the dark ages put to death fifty million people, many of them by tortures. But yet, when in May, 1921, a band of Blackfeet Indians visited the Brooklyn Home for Crippled Children, and an aged chieftain saw the helpless condition of the children, he burst into tears. And this was in spite of the fact that Indians are schooled from infancy to conceal their emotions. No doubt this same man would have passed to his death by any route without showing a sign of emotion of any kind.

The Indians are not the inferiors of the whites in mental acumen. Studies which have been made by the University of Texas show that Indians have larger powers of concentration than the whites and that in emergencies calling for real manhood they display an honesty and courage worthy of the finest examples to be found among the white race.

It was always the custom among the Indians when they had passed the sentence of death upon one of their number to allow him several weeks or several months of liberty, after which he was to return to be put to death, and he always came back at the appointed time. One wonders whether the politicians in charge of the Indian Bureau would do that when they dare not even have the affairs of the Bureau investigated.

“WhiteMan Lie Too Much**

ISTORIANS have pointed with pride to the fact that neither William Penn nor his descendants ever had a battle with the Indians or ever suffered at their hands. But historians have not been so proud of the fact that even William Penn, with all his high ideals, played a characteristic white man’s trick on the first Indians with whom he dealt

The bargain entered into between Penn and the Indians was that the whites were to have as much land near the Delaware river as a man eould walk around in one day. The Indians meant that he was to have as much land as might be covered in a reasonably rapid walk from sunrise to sunset. The way in which Penn carried out the bargain would have done credit to a British diplomat He engaged the most expert of runners, started him out at midnight and bad him run at highest speed for the ensuing twenty-four hours, thus covering a much larger area than the Indians had expected. This is a fair sample of the way the whites have taken advantage of the Indians from that day to this.

The Passamaquoddy Indians of Princeton, Maine, were “granted” land by the State of Massachusetts (land which was really but a part of the land that originally belonged to them anyway); and after Maine was separated from Massachusetts the Maine government distributed these lands among the whites, making no recompense to the Indians for them. In other words, a large part of the white population ol Eastern Maine is living on stolen property.

In the matter of the Iroquois Indians, now living on 88,077 acres in the western part ol New York State: White men who have investigated the matter claim that at this day the real owner of all Western New York and most ol Western Pennsylvania is this little band ol 6,342 Indians and that all the white titles in this area are fraudulent Probably true.

Canadian Whites Just as Bad

TN 1794 the Canadian Government granted the

Pottawatomie and Ojibway Indians land on Point Pelee, which they have since enjoyed. In the summer of 1922 the Canadian Government concluded that it wanted this land and, in usual white-man style, simply took it, with the result that the Indians nearly went on the war path.

The Six Nation Indians have a reservation near Brantford, Ontario, on land which originally belonged to them anyway. These lands were granted by George III. The Canadian Government attempted to allot some of this land to soldiers, and the Indians urged that their case be submitted to the International Court of Justice at the Hague.

Returning across the border to consider further our own shameless treatment of the nation’s wards, we note that in 1822 the Cherokee Indians settled on unoccupied lands in Eastern Texas, then a part of Mexico. When Texas was admitted into the Union, the agreement was repudiated. Now the Cherokees are suing in the Supreme Court of the United States to have their claim to over a million acres in Texas reviewed.

As respects the Indians of California, honest Government officials who have como into a knowledge of the facts say that the treatment of these Indians is "the most flagrant case of wholesale injustice ever perpetrated upon the original American.”

The facts are, substantially, that seventy years ago the Government negotiated with these Indians, of whom there were then 200,000, by which they were to turn over 10,000,000 acres of land, the choicest portions of the State, and in return were to get 7,500,000 acres elsewhere of a value not less than $1.25 per acre. The red men kept their word absolutely. The Government took their land and has never even ratified the treaty. Now these Indians have been reduced by starvation to 20,000; and, at great expense to them (for they are very poor) have sent delegates to Washington asking that Congress, for the sake of the grandchildren that survive those to whom the original promises were made, should at least pay $1.25 per acre for the 7,500,000 acres promised and never delivered.

Slaughter of the Blackfeet

THE Blackfeet Indians, once a powerful and populous tribe, owned the State of Montana, when the whites first began to move into their country, about fifty years ago. As the game was killed off and the whites came in larger and ever larger numbers, this tribe was squeezed out of their hunting lands of thousands of square miles into smaller and smaller areas and more rocky and barren wastes, until the tribe was reduced to 2,000 members and limited to a reservation only sixty miles square. This squeezing process was done arbitrarily by presidential decrees in 1873 and again in 1876; and as the Blackfeet were shoved off from their productive lands into the more barren and unproductive areas, the whites who had succeeded in obtaining the issuance of the presidential decrees, appropriated their lands.

A thing which convinced the Blackfeet that resistance of the unjust decree was useless happened in 1869. It happened that in the latter part of that year a Montana settler mercilessly whipped an Indian boy. He ran bleeding to his tribe; and two of his relatives, not having much knowledge of or confidence in the white man’s courts, took the law into their own hands and retaliated by killing the settler.

Thereupon, on January 1st, General Grant ordered a "punitive expedition” against the tribe as a whole, although they were as innocent of complicity in the matter as the natives of Holland. The United States soldiers suddenly surrounded eighty lodges and shot them all down, men, women and children, while the weaponless chief of the tribe was frantically trying to stop them by waving in their faces letters of recommendation that had been given to him by the nearest trading-post The bodies were left for the wolves to devour. This was bad enough, but a worse fate has followed the survivors.

Starvation, with tuberculosis and other ailments due to insufficient food, has been the fate of the Blackfeet tribe. Forced back into an area where there are liable to be frosts during any month in the year the Blackfeet, who once had a great area of rich land which was their common heritage against starvation, must now obtain crops from their land or starve. Citizenship has been forced upon them, although they cannot read and write; and they have been compelled to accept individually small pieces of the land which once was theirs.

While the tribe still had a few horses and cattle the Portland Land and Loan Company, a subsidiary of the great packing firm of Swift and Company, was allowed to graze so many cattle upon their reservation that the range was eaten out, and nearly all their animals of all kinds died of starvation. An educated member of the tribe, after great effort, succeeded in getting the Government to expend $25,000 for the immediate relief of the sufferers, only to find later that the money was expended for an automobile road for the whites to ride upon. Many of the Blackfeet died in the World War, fighting for Unde Sam. In 1879 the Piegan branch of the Blackfeet tribe numbered 3,000; now there are 419.

Whites Will Not Let Them Alone

THE whites ding to the Indians just as the Old Man of the Sea dung to the neck of Sinbad the Sailor, and to the same end. The destruction of game by white hunters in the northern part of the province of Quebec has caused many of the Indians in that district to resort to cannibalism.

The native Indians of Alaska are rapidly passing away. Before the advent of the white man there was game in abundance; now firearms, liquor, gambling, and sales of their furs at much less than their real value, have done their work, and in the past ten years in a given district, the 3,000 deaths have been offset by only 570 births.

Even on Indian reservations of only a few thousand acres in New York State, the whites will not let the Indians alone, but move onto their reservations as if they had a right to do it, and send their children to the Indian schools. The only way the Indians can get redress is to take the matter into the courts, a thing they dislike to do. *

In the State of Washington, in the fall of 1921, advertising vandals painted a tremendous cigarette sign across the face of a bluff on the Vakima Indian reservation, defacing hieroglyphic writing of great age which was held in reverence among the Indians, because they believed it to be of divine origin. The vandals escaped with their lives, by a narrow margin of safety.

The leasing of Indian reservations to farming corporations, by reservation superintendents who have no more right to do it than they have to lease pasturage on the moon, is a common practice. Land belonging to the Crow Indians of Montana was thus leased in 1920; the reservation of the Fort Belknap Indians was leased to a cattle company; and a similar course was followed at the Pine Ridge Sioux reservation in South Dakota. These things are done despite the fact that the reservations are owned and populated by the Indians.

In the valley of the Verde, Arizona, is a dear water stream which never runs dry. This valley has been cultivated by the Mojave Indians from time immemorial The whites would like to steal this valley; and there is never a presidential term in which the politicians are not trying to figure out some way to dispossess the 300 Indians who own the valley tribally. The latest scheme, and one which almost succeeded, was to “declare” the valley as grazing land, so that its timber and other natural resources could be looted by the church members that go to make up our “Christian” civilization. Then the Indians were to be "given” worthless garden plots •n the Salt River land, eleven miles away. President Harding personally stopped this steal, and we take off our hats to him for doing it.

The Plot against the Pueblos

WOMAN was responsible for exposing and destroying one of the most recent and one of the greatest plots in years made against the peaceable Pueblo Indians of New Mexico. She was familiar with her subject, and wrote a letter to the New Republic so bristling with facts that the plotters did not dare to go on, even though the “greatest” men and the “best” citizens of New Mexico were back of the proposed steak We summarize part of the data provided in her article;

The Pueblo Indians of New Mexico are artists in design, excelling in this respect the most ambitious American artists. They have attained great proficiency in ceremonial dancing, music, poetry, pottery, weaving, and silverwork. Their civilization reaches far back of the time when Columbus first landed on America’s shores. Their lands were “granted” by Spain in 1689, were recognized by Mexico, and were confirmed by President Lincoln. The Supreme Court has decreed that their lands are inalienable.

Now it happens that white men have taken from the Pueblos 340,000 acres of land which they had no right whatever to take. In the case of the Pueblo of San Juan, out of 4,000 irrigable acres originally belonging to the Indians, only 588 acres are left to them; and on this limited acreage 432 Indians must subsist; five other pueblos are in the same condition.

But the whites not only steal land; they steal water, too. For fifteen years the Tesuque Indians, ten miles from Sante F6, have been in a starving condition because the whites have misappropriated their streams. Now it happen* that the whites can vote and the Indians cannot. And herein is the center of the plot. Politician! will do almost anything to obtain votes or to hold them. The white voters want the Indian lands and the Indian waters, so the politicians are always trying to jam some legislation through at Washington which will enable tho white voters to get what they want To take the Indian lands and streams is to kill the Indians off. The modern method of knavery is by legislation, so that it will be legal

Now to protect the Indians there is in New Mexico a special United States Attorney for ths

Indians. This attorney is on record in the courts as having said in one of his briefs: "Trespasses have been the rule rather than the exception in the use and occupancy of pastoral land, and our local New Mexico courts have yet to show, in my judgment, where an Indian has ever received a square deal.”

And now comes the climax This man, paid a large salary to protect the Indians, and acknowledging that the Indians have never been treated fairly in the courts, was shown by this woman to have been one of the joint authors of the so-called Bursum Bill which, in substance, provided that the white thieves who have already stolen most of the Indians’ lands, and the best of those lands, and stolen their water from the irrigation ditches, may keep what they have stolen and that from now henceforth the Indians shall apply to the local courts for relief if they are subjected to any further invasions of their rights. In short, the bill proposed to legalize all thefts to date and to turn the Indians over to the care of their acknowledged enemies. The Pueblo Indians are deathly afraid that citizenship will be forced upon them, and they have reason to be. They think it means the loss of their best remaining lands to the whites; and they are undoubtedly right.

The Sunset Magazine, which maintains a special interest in the Indian problem, says of the Pueblo Indians:

"Here are groups of men, citizens of nations older than Home, who had achieved democracy, the rule of love, a social ideal of beauty, at a date before Greek thought and Christianity had begun to civilize the Aryans of Europe. They remember their past, which to them is a living present, with an ardor greater than that of the Irish toward the Irish past. They have seen an alien race crowd against them, using trickery plus sheer mass and machine power to dominate them.”

In their appeal to the people of the United States not to let the Bursum Bill become a law, and thus to take away from them the billions of dollars worth of coal and oil and agricultural lands upon which the avaricious and unprincipled whites have fixed their eyes, the Council of all the Pueblos said in part:

<rWe have studied this bill and found that the bill will deprive us of our happy life by taking away our lands and water, and will destroy our pueblo government and our customs which we have enjoyed for hundreds of years and through which we have been able to be self-aupporting and happy down to this day. We cannot understand why the Indian office and the lawyen who are paid by the Government to support our interests, and the Secretary of the Interior, have deserted us and failed to protect ua at this time. The Pueblo officials have tried many times to obtain an explanation of this bill from officials of the Indian office and the attorneys of the Government, and have always been put off and even insulted. Knowing that the bill was being framed a delegation from Laguna, the largest pueblo, waited for eleven hours to discuss it with the Commissioner of Indian affairs at Albuquerque. At the end of this time, the Commissioner granted ten minutes, in which ha answered no questions the Pueblos had come to ask. We have kept our old customs and lived in harmony with our fellow Americans This bill will destroy our common life and rob us of everything which we hold dear—our lands, our customs, our traditions. Are the American people willing to see this happen ?”

Watch the Indian Bureau

WATCH the Indian Bureau; and when you see a fresh report of the wonderful progress the Indians are making and of how soon such and such Indians will be “granted” citizenship, you can know for a certainty that another bunch of hungry whites is about to gobble up some good Indian lands.

The Bureau had just finished circulating far and wide a glowing account of how well the Indians everywhere were getting on; they had been telling how in seven years not a case of scandal had developed; how the Bureau had kept liquor away from the Indians while Uncle Sam’s own citizens were still reveling in it, when along comes this Bursum Bill, acknowledged to have the backing of the Indian Bureau, and proves to be one of the most shameless steals in which white men were ever engaged.

Not long ago the Commissioners recommended that citizenship be “conferred” on all Indians but that the Government continue its “protective supervision over their property affairs.” This has a bad look to it from both ends. It looks as though the whites are after the Indians’ lands and as though, when the lands were disposed of, they wanted to keep their fingers even on the proceeds obtained from the sale.

The Secretary of the Interior has absolute control of the Indian'lands. He can break them up at will, parcelling out a few acres here and there to the actual owners, and selling off the rest to anybody who wishes to buy. If he is a man of high principle, the interests of the Indians are comparatively safe in his hands; but suppose he is not, then what! He has almost unlimited power for evil And the Government's traditional policy, expressed by Francis A Walker, Commissioner of Indian affairs in 1872, has not been reassuring on this point, nor have its practices. Mr. Walker made the following strange proposition:

"There is no question of national dignity, be it remembered, involved in the treatment of savages by a civilized power. With wild men, as with wild beasts, the question whether in a given situation one shall fight, coax or ran, is a question merely of what is easiest and safest.”

Students of history may consider that this article is one-sided. It is not meant to be so. It tries to be fair. They may point to the Custer Massacre, June 25, 1876, in which every white man in General Custer’s command was killed except Curley, a scout, who wrapped himself in a Sioux blanket and escaped. But do they know that the whites had just finished such a massacre of 100 Indians at Washita f And do they know that these Sioux had been shoved out of their good lands into the bad lands of the Black Hills, and that when the whites found that there was gold in the hills they wanted to shove them still further and there was nowhere to go; and that it was only then that the redskins went on the warpath f

What the Indians really need is a great Friend, and such a Friend is at hand. The great Messiah will straighten out all the tangles; He will make the whole perplexing problem plain. The Indians will get their “Happy Hunting Ground” in the blessings, much diversified, of Christ's kingdom.

Revolution

THE following is a true statement as to how the revolution in Germany started in the year 1918. The facts are gathered from a man who was in the navy at Kiel at the time.

The naval commander in charge of the German fleet at the German rendezvous at Kiel received a command from the naval headquarters of the Government immediately to seek out and go into action against the British fleet at any sacrifice. When the order was passed around, the commanders of two vessels refused to obey the order. Their crews joined them in mutiny. These officers and all the crew were taken from the ships and locked up in prison. The news quickly spread to all the fleet, and practically the whole fleet mutinied. The men left their ships, went on shore, and bombarded the prison where their fellow officers and seamen were held; and many people were killed- Local officers joined in the fight, but were overcome and the prisoners were released. That was eight days before the armistice was signed. The German army was then on retreat

The marines then spread out over Germany, going to many towns and reporting the fact that the revolution had begun; and quickly the revolution spread throughout Germany. The news was also passed along that the laboring people in England and France had started a revolution, and this encouraged the laboring element and the people in Germany in general

in Germany

to join the revolution. The marines arriving in a town would be met by officers; and they would immediately compel the officers to surrender, and would then tear off their epaulets. The people joined in this action, and soon the officers joined the ranks of the revolutionists. All this information was kept from the anny at the front until the armistice was signed.

Headed for the Ash Can

THIS is a short article. It merely wishes to tell you what the per capita debt of certain countries was before the World War, and what it is now.

PKK CAPITA DEBT BEBOBE THE WAS AFTEB THE WAX

United States S 10.00 $ 228.00

Great Britain 75.00 900.00

France 160.00 1500.00

Germany 17.00 860.00

Now the war was fought to end war. Everybody knows that Hence a comparison of the military budgets before the war and since the war will show the progress that has been made. If we assume that the budget before the war was 100% we have the interesting information that the budgets are now:

United States__________________________248%

Great Britain —__________ 170%

France_____________________________265%

Japan__— 271%

Impressions of Britain—In Ten Parts

LEAVING London, the first point of interest in the American’s itinerary is St. Albans, twenty-one miles north. Its abbey, 550 feet long, is the third largest church in England. Only a gateway now remains of the original abbey, built in 796, in honor of St. Alban, the first British Christian martyr. In this abbey the printing press was set up on which Wycliffe’s translation of the Bible was printed. St. Albans is the old Roman Verulanium and is one of the oldest cities in England. During the Wars of the Roses, between the houses of the Dukes of York and Lancaster, in the reigns of Bloody Mary and Queen Elizabeth, two important battles were fought here. St. Albans was the birthplace of Nicholas Breakspear, the only Englishman who ever sat in that chair of monumental graft, fraud, and hypocrisy—the Papal throne. St Albans was also the birthplace in 1561 of Lord Francis Bacon, the writer of Bacon’s Essays, and by some alleged to have been the real author of Shakespeare’s plays. He is generally conceded to have had one of the most brilliant minds of any man that ever lived and was styled by Alexander Pope, “The wisest, brightest, meanest of mankind.” He was not the wisest; Christ was the wisest. He was not the brightest; Christ was the most truly bright. He may have been the meanest, but we doubt it; we think that honor is reserved for a certain twentieth century statesman whose name we forbear to mention. It was bad enough for Bacon to receive moneys for grants and offices and to pocket the money; but what about being entrusted by 105,000,000 people with their fortunes, their liberties and their lives and then at the behest of big business betraying those people!

Bunyan and Wolsey

THE second point of interest in the itinerary is Bedford, fifty-six miles from London, made famous as the birthplace and the place of imprisonment of John Bunyan, the writer of “Pilgrim’s Progress.” Bunyan, born in 1628, was in early life a soldier and subsequently a tinker. At twenty years of age he became soundly converted, and began to use his spare time in preaching and teaching the Christian religion as he understood it In those days there were severe laws in force against all (dissenters from the Church of England. Ac-

(Part VI) cordingly, in 1661, after an irregular trial, Bunyan was sentenced to prison until he should repent and go along with the crowd, professing to believe what they believed whether he believed it or not Bunyan was too much of a man and too much of a Christian to do any such thing, and therefore lay in the prison almost continually until 1672. It was this imprisonment and the incident battles with the demons which his book plainly shows that he underwent, that enabled him to write his religious allegory, a work that has been helpful to many Christian people, despite some blemishes which it contains.

Leicester comes next, a large city 101 miles north of London. The name is derived from the Latin meaning “camp of the legion,” and is in itself a reminiscence of the time when the Remans occupied Great Britain. Remnants of the old Roman wall are still standing. Here, in 1530, died Cardinal Wolsey, whose meteoric rise from a butcher’s son to the position of Archbishop of Canterbury and lord high chancellor was marked by an equally sudden and total loss of power and prestige when he delayed Henry the VIII, that pious founder of the Church of England, in getting a divorce from Catherine of Aragon, so that that Defender of the Faith might marry Anne Boleyn. Anne took it as a personal affront, and was too many for the cardinal. He died in disgrace, after having done much for the cause of education at Oxford University, where he received his own education. He was on his way to the place of imprisonment in the Tower of London when death overtook him. His last words are said to have been: “Had I but served my God as diligently as I have served my king, He would not have given me over in my gray hairs.” At Loughborough, seventeen miles north of Leicester, was cast the great bell for St. Paul's Cathedral, London, weighing seventeen and one-half tons.

Chesterfield is 164 miles north of London. Here, from the window of the train, can be seen the celebrated “crooked spire” of the parish church. This lead-covered timber spire 250 feet high leans southward six feet out of the straight and four feet four inches to the west, producing what gazetteers declare to be a “weird demoniacal effect.” It is said that the architect who designed this spire, endeavoring vainly to duplicate the effect elsewhere, committed suicide.

SM

This recognition of demons as associated with the worship of various branches of churchianity finds expression in Salt Lake City, where a statue of Moroni, the patron demon of the Mormon Church, finds a conspicuous place on the top of the Mormon Temple.

Still passing along the line of the Midland Railway, enroute from London to Glasgow, we go through Skipton, 221 miles from London, where there is a castle, built in 1310 and still in use as a residence, which underwent a three years siege in 1642. At Settle, fifteen miles farther on, there is a famous intermittent spring which in wet weather ebbs and flows seven or eight times a day. The principle on which these springs work is that of a large hermetically sealed chamber in the rocks. The chamber fills with water slowly. When it is full, the water starts to run out of the outlet which is at the month of the chamber, but which in its passage to the air rises like the spout of a teakettle. Once the water starts to run, the suction principle empties the whole chamber, the outlet acting as a syphon.

Approach to Scotland

OR the next fifty miles the scenery is grand, much wilder than would be expected in a country of no greater area than England. This is the famous lake district. The Midland Railway passes through this district at a high elevation, affording fine views of valleys to the south and west, in which the English lakes lie ensconced. At the northern extremity of this bit of wild scenery the railway traverses the wild and beautiful River of Eden down into the historic city of Carlisle, an important outpost in the days of the Roman occupation. This was about as far north as the Romans could get with any comfort. The hardy Scots and Picts made life so uncomfortable for even the soldiers of the Roman legions that the Emperor Hadrian built a wall across England, from this point eastward to Newcastle-upon-Tyne, to keep them out of the fields which he had conquered farther south. This wall was maintained until 450 A. D. The Danes sacked Carlisle in 875; and Mary, Queen of Scots, was imprisoned here in 1568, in a castle which is still standing. Carlisle is 300 miles from London.

Nine miles beyond Carlisle, and lying in Scotland, is the little village of Gretna Green. Formerly, in Scotland, persons could be legally married by making the declaration in the presence of any person, “This is my wife” and “This is my husband.” Accordingly, this place became the scene of thousands of runaway marriages of English boys and girls. It is strange how boys . and girls do act in this world. One man, a blacksmith, married thus 3,872 couples; and there were others in Gretna Green who performed marriages, too. These marriages came to an end through the enactment of a statute that marriages contracted in this irregular way should be null and void, unless at least one of the parties had resided in Scotland not less than twenty-one days. Before this law was passed, many a thrilling ride was had to the Scotch border; for unless the pursuing friends were able to overtake the flying pair before Gretna Green was reached, it was too late to interfere. At Annan, ten miles beyond Gretna Green, is a massive bridge across the Solway Firth, connecting Scotland and England.

Bruce and Burnt

AT Dumfries, 341 miles from London, is a town full of memories of the past. The Scotch people hold this place in great veneration, in part because it was here that an important epoch in Scotland’s great fight for liberty began. The story, in substance, is that the British imperialists, following their age-long custom of butting into everybody else’s business and trying to run it for them, or to tell them how to run it and to insist upon their doing so, had appointed three “Guardians of Scotland,” one of whom was a Scottish noble, John Comyn, popularly known as the “Red Comyn.” It was not nice of Robert Bruce to stick a knife into him; but he did it, and did it in church at that, at Dumfries, March 27, 1306. Of course, war with England followed at once; and Bruce and his followers, who at once proclaimed him king of Scotland, were hard pressed. For eight years they were safe only in the wildest mountains, woods, and caves. Finally, as they gathered ’ strength, they captured castle after castle, and in 1314 conquered the last British stronghold, Stirling Castle. In the ensuing battle of Bannockburn it is claimed by the Scotch that 30,000 Englishmen were slain and that the British were glad to formally concede full liberty to Scotland to thenceforth govern their country in their own way. Scotland came into the British empire subsequently, as a result of the intermarriage of the royal house of Scotland with that of England; and the Scotch always enjoy bantering the English with the claim that England never saw the time when she was able to take Scotland’s liberties away from her.

But proud as the Scotch are of Dumfries as a birthplace of Scottish liberty, they are quite as proud of it because it is the last resting-place of Robert Burns. No other poet can take the place of Burns in the Scottish heart; for he was a Scotchman speaking to Scotchmen. The original price of his first book of poems was three shillings. A copy sold recently for $2,860 at an auction of rare books. Burns was too fond of the ladies; he loved too many of them, not wisely but too well. Moreover, he had a true Scotchman’s fondness for malt extract of a kind no longer sold in the United States; but he had a tender heart and a poet’s heart, and will always be loved by those who have anything of poetry in their hearts. Our own Millennium poet Whittier says of him;

Wild heather belle and Robert Burns! The moorland flower and peasant!

How, at their mention, memory turns Her pages old and pleasant!

Give lettered pomp to teeth of Time, So “Bonnie Doon” but tarry;

Blot out the Epic’s stately rhyme, But spare his "Highland Mary”!

Glasgow at last, 424 miles from London; and all this by daylight on the Midland Limited in less than ten hours! The American hopes you enjoyed your ride as much as he did, and that you are not disappointed because he did not waste his time by getting out and meandering around at all these places of interest. If you had as good company on the ride as he did, yen had the best the world affords.

Glasgow and the Clyde

IT IS a matter of common debate among the Scotch whether the Clyde made Glasgow or Glasgow made the Clyde. One thing is sure and that is that in 1755, at low water, there were but eighteen inches of water in the stream where now some of the largest ocean-going steamers lie at the quays in the heart of the city.

Glaswegians are very proud of the Clyde. A' story is told of a Canadian boasting to a Glasgow man of the St. Lawrence River. The Canadian remarked that a dozen Clydes could be added to the St. Lawrence and no difference would be detected. “Mebbe,” returned the proud citizen of Glasgow, “the St Lawrence is the wark o’ th’ Ahnichty, but we made the Clyde oorsels.”

Scotch engineers have made such a name and such a place for themselves that it is said one can confidently call “Hello, Mac” or “Hello, Sandy” down into the engine room of a steamship anywhere on earth with the confident expectation of hearing straightway a hearty “Aye, aye, sir.”

Out of the 1,130 loaded ships sailing from , Glasgow to the United States during the six years from 1900 to 1906, not one of them carried an American Sag; and there are those who think this method of dividing up the commerce of the earth is perfectly right, perfectly just, and nothing should be done to change it

Glasgow in the fall of 1922 was hard hit In the great Harland and Wolff shipbuilding plants, where normally 10,000 men are employed, only 300 were at work in November. Of course most ships are now built of iron, of which there is great abundance near Glasgow, as well as the coal wherewith to smelt it In former days British oak was used; then Maine and Georgia pine; and there is still a large quantity of ship timber purchased in Scandinavia and alternately floating on the tides or lying on the mudbanks of the Clyde within great weirs below the city. .

Glasgow got its start by trading Scotch herrings for French brandy and, next, by developing a tobacco and cotton trade. The old cathedral, dating from 1133, and now a Presbyterian church, is considered the masterpiece of Scottish architecture. The University of Glasgow occupies a magnificent pile of buildings en a commanding site near the city. Glasgow is considered to be one of the best governed cities in the world.

The Glaswegians are full of fun, and laughingly refer to their subway system as a joke, saying that if it is too small to see it can at least be smelled; but in practice it is found to be a very good way of getting about, cheapo •peedy, efficient.

Glaswegians have their ears tortured all day every day up until about two o’clock p. m. by the coal carts, the peddlers on which keep the air resounding with one long-drawn continuous cry of “Coo-ell, coo-oo-elL” It was the only city in Britain where this was noticed—evidently an old and a bad custom.

Broad Minds and Narrow

IT WAS a treat for the American while iu

Glasgow to meet two old sea captains, as much at home in New York, Rio Janeiro, Sydney, Bombay, and Hongkong as they are in Glasgow, One of these made this remark about the Fall River Line boats, plying between New York and Fall River—the largest inland steamers in the world. He said: ‘Ton know we sea captains have the greatest interest in a ship’s deck; we judge the ship somewhat by the condition of her decks; and when I stepped onto the deck of one of those Fall River Line floating palaces, and saw that it was of inlaid rubber, I felt like taking off my shoes.”

The American expressed his wonderment at this; for it was the first kind word that he had heard about anything American in two weeks of close association with the best of Britishers. The captain went on to say: “I have lived long enough and seen enough to know that not all of the virtue or progress of the earth is located in any one place, and this is a lesson that the people of the British Isles need very much to learn.”

One reason for American antipathy to the British, and for British antipathy to Americans, lies in the kind of food with which their respective minds have been fed; and this food is not always good in America, and in England there seems to be no food at alL The Ampri^n expects as a matter of course to find several columns of English news in his morning paper, and he does find it England, although only about one-third in population as compared with the United States, is justly recognized as occupying a great place in the world.

But when the American goes to England he is at first amused, and then dismayed, and then angry to find that day after day the papers make no mention of America in any way, not even though everybody knows or ought to know that it is now the financial center of the world and the world’s last hope in untangling the tangles of Europe. This studied effort to keep the people in ignorance is a great crime upon the people, a crime which the papers will some day surely regret.

And if there is anything said about America it seems to be about in the spirit of the Ocean Times, a hope to arouse anger or resentment against America and everything American rather than to encourage a feeling of appreciation and friendliness. And it is sad to find reputable and intelligent men who have traveled in America, and who have had opportunities to know better, encouraging just that narrowminded and foolish spirit of 2x4 patriotism, properly defined in a certain well-known publication as "a narrow-minded hatred of other peoples.”

An American traveling in Britain out of the tourist season meets an American about once a week; and the opinion of all of them is the same —that the Britons think they are perfect and to be admired in everything, even in those things wherein they are fifty years behind the times; and that there is nothing commendable or praiseworthy in America. or anything American. An exception is that the best rubbers are sold as American rubbers, but the British do not wear rubbers. American beef is also advertised as "imported beef.” In Glasgow, in a restaurant, an orchestra advertised itself as the "Original Manhattan Band,” but inquiry showed that all the players were from London and not Manhattan.

India and Cape Bom

THE old sea captain, expressing his appreciation of recent articles in The Golden Age on the subject of India, said he had been there many times, and that the statements in The Golden Age were all true, and honestly and temperately stately; that the people of India live like vermin, and that there is no place on earth where the Lord’s kingdom is so badly needed. He said that the missionaries when questioned will admit that their results are practically nothing; but when the time comes for them to make their annual reports, they will invite the starved natives to a rice feast, and while they are there take a snap shot of them and send it back home as a picture of their successful labors in the Lord!

Respecting storms at sea the old captain said that there is no place where they have such storms as off Cape Horn, and that he has there measured carefully waves one hundred feet in height; that sometimes when sea captains are together perchance some man who has spent twenty-five years sailing the North Atlantic will speak of some of the storms he has been through and another captain present will ask: "Have you ever been around Cape Horn!” If the answer is “No,” the invariable reply will come: "Then you had better stop talking." This is consoling to others; but it would not be very consoling to the passengers who travel by the Shaw, Saville and Albion line which operates or did operate monthly steamers sailing out of London and clear around the world every trip, going via the Cape of Good Hope, Tasmania, and New Zealand, and returning via Cape Horn and Montevideo.

Rotheeay a Beauty Spot

THE American had engagements at Glasgow which kept him very busy for three days; and then he had a day off to visit Rothesay, justly famed as one of the beauty spots of the world. This resort is on an island near the mouth of the Clyde. The island is crowned with a high elevation; and the view from that elevation of river, harbor, inland lochs, forests, mountains, and well-tilled fields is a combination that it would be hard to match elsewhere. The ruins of Rothesay Castle, once the home of Robert II, Kang of Scotland, were visited and afford a good idea of what the ancient castles were like. The castle was self-contained, having its own little chapel, and its well in the courtyard sunk deep into the rocks beneath. Rothesay is reputed to have been the scene of the early studies and labors of St. John—not the St. John of Revelation, but of Glasgow, an interesting and lovable character of more recent times, and referred to also, curiously, in connection ■with a meal at which twelve others were present, as was the case with the Revelator.

On the way to and from Rothesay the train and its connecting boat pass Dumbarton, a castle-crowned rock, considered the key to the Highlands. This rock is a striking object, one of the few spots where the genuine Scotch thistle grows wild. Within the fortress is a huge two-handed sword said to have belonged to William Wallace. At Wemyss Bay, where the change is made from boat to train, are the ruins of a beautiful home, Kelly House, burned by the suffragettes during the period of feminine insanity just before the war. The suffragettes have had the ballot now for about ten years, and what have they gained by it? They have gained the same as the men have gained, and that is nothing. The voters are the laughing" stock of the governing classes everywhere, who govern as they please after once in office.

Mary Queen of Scott

AST WARD bound from Glasgow, Linlith« gow, thirty-one miles away, was once a residence of Scottish royalty; the ruins of Linlith, gow Palace are considered the finest of the kind in Scotland. In this palace James. V of Scotland and Mary Queen of Scots were born. Mary of Scotland is said to have been of beautiful complexion, and with hazel eyes of wonderful brilliancy. She spoke and wrote four languages, had a winning voice, was a sweet singer, and a graceful horseback rider and dancer, but conducted herself so disgracefully as the Catholic queen of a Protestant country, that her reign was overthrown. She fled to England, and threw herself upon the mercy of Queen Elizabeth. At first she was entertained, but finally was imprisoned in Fotheringay Castle. During her imprisonment Elizabeth was in fear of < Catholic uprising, aided by Spain and France; When first accused by the English lawyers Mary defended herself with great skill for a period of two days; but her death had already been agreed upon by the queen’s privy council, and during the war Americans came to know that these orders in council are not the things of little importance once foolishly supposed. The privy council is the real, the invisible government.

When the time came for Mary to be beheaded, she walked to the execution block with a firm step and met her fate with a dignity and fortitude which have made her memory respected for what she might have been had she been brought up under more favorable influences. Mary’s son James became James VI of Scotland and subsequently James I of England.

Edinburgh the Beautiful

IT IS a surprise to know that from Glasgow on the west coast of Scotland to Edinburgh on the east coast is a distance of only forty-eight miles. This was the American’s next stop. Edinburgh, Edwin’s Burgh, the ancient city of one of the Northumbrian kings, is famous as

the site of Edinburgh Castle. The Castle is at one end of what was once the principal street of the city; and Holyrood, the royal palace, (still used by royalty) is at the other end a mile away.

In Holyrood Palace are still shown Queen Mary’s apartments, with her ancient bed and other furnishings much as she left them in her flight. There is also pointed out at the head of the staircase the place where one of her numerous admirers, Bizzio, was stabbed, and it is said that a dark stain still marks the spot.

…