Golden Age, April 12, 1922
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CONTENTS of th* GOLDEN AGE
SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL
Ovar th* Hnndrad Mark 420
Ar* Thor* any Old Wo-
OM Al* la Turtw ThaOldant M AD .
.421
Th* Sorrow* of Old AS* 424 An Oidtim* American >._44d
FINANCE—COMMERCE—TRANSPORTATION
S***aty Cent* lor a Dollar
lataraattonal m National Market* .
POLITICAL—DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN
America** Filthy Jail*
Clergy Influence at Washington — —• 44g
Bata Off, Gentlemen 1 ------- -------- - aaa
SCIENCE AND INVENTION
Sri«nc* and Longevity - - -- -- - - .— 4*a
D*v*lopm«nt Maturity, and DecUn* , —4<rr
Pr*c**aion of th* Equinoxes ___________ _________ _... ana
HOME AND HEALTH Reripea for Longevity ......422 longevity by th* Tempera*
Pl?JS2LlJnfl®anW a°<142B tUt* ^t*____
Longerity-by"'th*"~Giand Sunlight and Health---430
Rout* 424 Doctor Black 4-l<4-
TRAVEL AND MISCELLANT
Sundry Antiquities .....-.....427 Helen Keller and Hrifetx 429 .
-- ««> C"*“ °f KentU'*J ---4“
RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY
“The Loneliness of Age* (Poem)
Apple Tree* and Hena
Pure baaing Immunity
Fraying to b* Seen of „
Men -------
J*kyD and Hyde .. ».... 430
Naming th* Street* ..432 Jewish Sabbath Shadow
Good Thing* to Com* 441
Anglo- laraeliam 444
Studies la th* "Ban of God** „ „ —_____.—441
MlhM rwrr etbtr WsdoHday st 1* Coeewd Stmt. BrooKya. NY......U. A.
by WOODWORTH. RUDGINGB and MARTIN
CUTTON J. WOODWORTH.......E<llMf
ROBERT J. SARTIN .... Baiun M»n*tw WM. r. HTDCIN09......&e y art Treat.
Capanntn art propriatnn. Addna: IS Coorord Rims. BruUy*. N. t.....U.8.1
Fiv* Cutts a Copy —11.00 a Yean roaaioN omess: British: 34 Craven Terrace. Lancaster Gat*, London W, 2; C***44m: 270 Dundaa St Wa Toronto, Ontario: AuatraZoriaa: 4M Collin* St, Melbourne. AnRtralia. Make remittance* to The GoMen 1M band m mmM* bmbw at Ivertly*, ■» X
Golden Age
VellUM UI Brooklyn, N. Y., Wednesday, April 12, 1921 Namber 67
Threescore Years and Ten
Charles J. Bonaparte, ex-Secretary of the Navy, is seventy years of age; and so are Thomas F. Ryan and Perry Belmont, the multimillionaires, and David Starr Jordan, President of Leland Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
Senator Lodge of the Foreign Relations Committee, is seventy-one years of age; and so is Sir Thomas Lipton, yachtsman, and purveyor of most excellent teas. Sir Thomas' favorite . hours for office work are between 9:00 P. M. v'and 2:00 A. M. Pity his luckless stenographer!
Luther Burbank, the plant wizard, is seventy-two.
The Right-Honorable Arthur J. Balfour, British statesman, and Leslie M. Shawr exSecretary of the Treasury, are seventy-three.
Thomas A. Edison and Alexander Graham Bell, the great inventors of the phonograph and the telephone, are each seventy-five years of age. Mr. Edison's birthday occurred on February 11th. He went to work as usual on his birthday anniversary, punching the time-clock at 9:19 A. M.
Judge Elbert H. Gary and Field Marshal Von Hindenburg, are each seventy-five years of age. The one is the head of the steel trust, the other was the Kaiser's right-hand man during the years 1914-1918.
A man may still have considerable life at seventy-five. A. A. Warford, of Brooklyn, rode his bic^He to Coney Island one day in June last, as was his usual custom. He struck a trolley car and was hurled ten feet, suffering a lacerated scalp and contusions of the back. However, v^hen the ambulance arrived, he was laughing over his mishap, waved the ambulance corps a blitfle adieu, and pedaled home.
Theodore N. Vail, head of the Bell Telephone Company, is seventy-six: and the Dowager Queen Alexandra, of England, is seventy-seven.
Robert T. Lincoln, son of Abraham Lincoln, and executive head of the Pullman Company, is seventy-eight; as are also Justice McKenna of the United States Supreme Court and T. J. Foster, founder of The International Correspondence Schools of Scranton, Pa.
Camille Flammarion, the astronomer, is seventy-nine, and Justice Holmes of the United States Supreme Court is eighty.
Fourscore Yean
T EIGHTY some men are still hard at work A London news item records the fact that
Charlie Dennis, an eighty-year-old carpenter, while working on the roof of a house fell thirty feet, sustaining three broken ribs. This was his first accident in sixty continuous years of carpenter work. ‘
Auguste Rodin, the sculptor, is eighty-one.
Edward Payson Weston, one of the professional pedestrians of the six-day walking contests of fifty years ago, is still alive and walking twelve miles daily at his home in the Catskills. This is the same man that at seventy-five years of age astonished the world by trying to walk from New York to San Francisco in one hundred days. He failed on the first attempt, but shortly afterward, by selecting a more direct route, made it on schedule. He is now eighty-two years of age.
John D. Rockefeller is the same age as Mr. Weston; and although he long since lost all his cranial moss, and has to wear a toupee, he says that he feels well, has no aches nor pains, enjoys his food and has at last learned how and what to eat.
General Nelson A. Miles, in charge of the United States Army during the last of the Indian uprisings, back in the eighties, and more recently prominent leader of militant Protestantism, is the same age as Mr. Weston and Mr. Rockefeller.
John Wanamaker is eighty-three, and began the eighty-fourth year of his life by getting to his desk at 8:15 in the morning. Charles Erickson, of Southeast Brainerd, Minnesota, is the same age as Mr. Wanamaker, and has the added distinction and satisfaction of having recently sprouted a new set of teeth, his third outfit
Colonel Washington A. Roebling is eighty-four — former vice-president of the John A* Roebling Sons Company, builders of the Brooklyn Bridge. In June last Mr. Roebling’s nephew, who was then President of the company, fell dead while playing golf; and Colonel Roebling succeeded him. He had to wait same time for a promotion, but at once showed that he was made of the right stuff by announcing a vigorous business policy which included enlargement of the mills.
Ex-Speaker Joseph G. Cannon and ex-Secre-tary of the Treasury Lyman J. Gage are each eighty-five.
Ex-Secretary of Agriculture James Wilson and ex-Secretary of the Navy William E. Chandler, are each eighty-six. At the same age Albert Stone is still in the employ of the New York Central Railroad Company, having been J in their continuous employ for seventy-one years.
Chauncey M. Depew, ex-president of the New York Central Company, and ex-senator for New York, is eighty-seven, as is also ex-Presi-dent Eliot of Harvard University. At the age of ninety Colonel James R- Silliman is an usher in the Cathedral of St John the Divine, New York city.
John A. Stewart, chairman of the board of trustees of the United States Trust Company celebrated his ninety-ninth birthday by getting into his automobile at Morristown, N.J., thirty-one miles away, and getting out at his office at Wall Street at 11 A. M. to perform the duties of his position.
Over the. Hundred Mark
FEW months ago the editor met in a railway train a gentleman travelling all alone,
who remarked that he was one hundred years old that day. New York city has a marine-corps sergeant. Matthew M. Bradley, of the same age. The record^ show his enlistment date as January 3,1855.
When they get to be one hundred the boys ^have to be watched. Not all are as trustworthy, or at least as safe in these days of flying automobiles, as was the centenarian on the train. The New York World reports as missing Abra-ham Brown, one hundred years old, who went out in the morning from his daughter’s home in the Bronx, as was his usual custom, to buy to-' bacco. Abraham may be a bit reckless with the \ weed; but if he wants to live to a good old age, he should know enough to let tobacco alone.
A somewhat similar instance occurred where Anthony* Lettie (but he was only ninety-seven and perhaps did not know better), who was living with his daughter near Elizabeth, N. J^ went walking with his poodle dog and failed to return. Neither did the dog show up, and the whole countryside had to be scoured to locate them.
Life seems to be pretty uncertain after boys get past the hundred mark. Recently the papers reported the death of two of them at the age of 103, although at the same age Unde Jack Higgins, of Wabash, Indiana, celebrated his birthday by dancing a sailor’s jig to talking- .
machine music. Once a week, regularly, Unde
Jack walks to town from his home a mile away. B
The papers report the death of Edward Bu-brey, at bis home near Utica, at the age of 105.
It is believed that his death was hastened by
the fact that he smoked incessantly. Two other persons each 105 years old, one 114 years old, and one 115 years old, are also reported in the papers as having died recently.
In the days of the Civil War, shortly after slavery was abolished, his former master, Joseph Everhart, gave to one of his faithful Negro servants, John Johnson, a 160-acre farm near Williamsburg, Missouri. Johnson, who is now blind and who claims to be 121 years old, is still living on the farm.
"Cherokee Bill,” an Indian-Negro, who has twice been listed in the census report as the oldest man in America, and who is reputed to be worth $80,000, lives on a farm near Grand Junction, Colorado. He was born August 13, 1797, and is therefore almost 125 years of age. He has walked with the aid of one cane which he has had for over fifty years. The Government is fully satisfied respecting his age.
Tom Morris, of Westerville, Nebraska, also lays claim to the age of 125 years. He bases his claim upon the old family Bible and other records which show that he was born in Berrew, Montgomeryshire, North Wales, and was twen-
ty-one years old when the Duke of Wellington won the battle of Waterloo from Napoleon. He is blind and almost deaf, smokes constantly and eats heartily. He has the unhealthy habit of eating between meals; and if he wants to live to grow up he should stop it, as it is considered very bad for the health. Tom has missed a lot; for he never learned how to read or write,
William Peyton, a Negro ex-slave, recently died at Little Hocking, Ohio, at the age of 128. He was in full possession of his faculties until within a few weeks of his death.
' Uncle John Shell, of Greasy Creek, Kentucky, j was recently reported in the papers as having laid claim to an age of 132 years, but an ' investigation of his claims has led to the conclusion that he is only about 100. He is a moun-‘ taineer and not very certain respecting his age. ■j Many reports of longevity have no other basis j than family tradition or local belief. The practice of keeping church registers did not come
3 into vogue1 until the sixteenth century and did £ not come into general use until a century later.
Many of these records are undecipherable or i otherwise unreliable, and they are very incom-i plete.
■ On the basis of tradition, but without other 4 support for the belief, Domingo Jacinto, chief of a tribe of Digger Indians in California, is i said to be 144 years old, having been born the year the Declaration of Independence was signed. Although feeble he can still walk and see > and hear without difficulty.
Old Age in Turkey
OLD age in Turkey makes itself respected by a capacity and willingness to work. A j certain Murad, employed as a messenger by the ! Turkish telegraph office, was offered a pension 3 when he reached his 120th year. He did not
! wish to lose his job, but the officials insisted
that he make room for some younger man who j otherwise would have no place. He finally agreed quit, on condition that his son be giv-i en the job: This was agreed to; and he brought around a white-haired patriarch who looked as old as himself, and whom he introduced as his •on.
• The oldest man in Turkey, Zorro, mentioned j in Golden ^ge Number 3, is now 146, and has | recently been married for the fourth time to a I beautiful Turkish girl of twenty-five. He started i in life at the age of twenty as a street porter; and after working at it for ninety years he tired of it and quit for another job, at 110. He then became porter in a munitions factory, which job he still holds. He lost all of his teeth and hair at 109, and then grew an entirely new crop of both. He is also alleged to have developed a third kidney.
Zorro is said to be angry with his ninety-six-year-old son because the latter will not work but sticks around the house. Zorro takes a cold bath every morning, eats no meat, partakes of neither alcohol nor tobacco, but eats plenty of milk curdled with yeast, bread, cheese, sweets, and weak tea without milk- He works every day along with his grandson and his grandson’s grandson. He was taken to Paris for exhibition; but his eyes were so bright and his step so firm that few would credit his real age, and the exhibition was not a success.
ne Oldest of AU
IN THE census taken by Vespasian in the year 74 A.D., thirty men were found in the alpine sections of Italy who were over 140 years of age; and there is a record of a man in Switzerland who lived to the age of 335. The oldest man in the United States of whom we have any record was a man in Massachusetts who died at the age of 165.
It is now claimed that the oldest human being on earth is a man by the name of Sadhu Swami, better known in the Himalayas as Kal-ambi Baba, who makes his home in the town of Karimganj, India. He is reputed to be over 330 years old and is treated by the natives with the greatest respect He says that he remembers vividly the first battle of Paripat, which occurred more than 300 years ago, and recalls readily the principal historical events which occurred within his observation during the past three centuries. If his story is true he was born about 1592, before the Pilgrim fathers landed at Plymouth, and even before the Jamestown expedition left the shores of Great Britain.
The average ages of eight of the ten patriarchs from Adam to Noah was 929 years (Genesis 5:5-31; 9:29); and despite the flood, and the consequent unfavorable effect upon human longevity, the average ages of the sixteen patriarchs from Shem to Moses was 251 years.— Genesis 11:10-32; 25:8; 47:28; Exodus 6:16-20; Deuteronomy 34:7. g
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Recipes for Longevity
B1 erxard Shaw is only sixty-fivet so we should not take too seriously his book "Back to Methuselah”, in which he sets forth his belief ; that mankind could live 300 years or more if they set their minds to it. Mr. Shaw is pained at the thought that we are so short-lived that by the time we are old enough to live sensibly we are ready for the undertaker.
Metchnikoff also wrote a book on how to live to be 100 years of age; but as he died before reaching the age of seventy, his work is not now in great demand. It was his thought that ■ man should live to be at least 120.
Dr. A. H. Warner of New York says there is no reason why a man or a woman should not reach 150 years. He is now seventy-two, and says he intends to live to 100, and if life then looks good to him he will go on living another half century. He thinks long life is merely a matter of psychology and good living.
Carl H. Bjerregaard, aged seventy-five, librarian of the New York City Public Library, says that the way to remain young is to keep the mind continually refreshed with new ideas, new interests, new activities; and this is one of the most valuable of the many suggestions that * are offered on the subject.
Chauncey M. Depew, eighty-eight years of age in April, 1922, says the secret of long life is, “Don’t change your habits”.
Colonel A. J. Nutting, eighty-eight years of age in May, 1922, one of Brooklyn’s foremost merchants, says the secret of longevity is to forget all about one's self and to think only of family and business.
John R. Voorhis, ninety-two years of age, chairman of the Board of Election Commissioners of New York city advises the seeker for long life to smoke good cigars, drink good whiskey (I!), eat plenty of food (such as roast ponk in thewrinter and apple pie in the fall, and other delicacie^in season), to sleep seven or eight hours every night in a comfortable bed in a well-ventilated room, to work eight hours a day at some congenial occupation, and to walk two or three m\les a day if one feels like it.
Dr. Stephen Smith, ninety-nine years of age, founder of*\he American Public Health Association, advises avoiding the easy chair, keeping at work, drinking quantities of milk, getting ^plenty of sleep, and avoiding too much meat He has never smoked or drunk stimulants of
Brooklyn, M. Xa *
any kind—even tea or coffee—and also places a ban on candy and other sweets.
Captain John Black, of Eastport, Maine, is . 100 years of age and followed fishing in Passas maquoddy Bay and the Bay of Fundy for three ordinary generations. Subsequently he opened , a fish-market. He has never tasted liquor, and ' has not touched tobacco since he was a boy of seventy-five. He never hurries, never worries, eats plenty of plain food, drinks quantities of water, enjoys companionship, sleeps eight . hours a day, takes a walk whenever he can get out, is a Bible Student, and does not feel old.
Eighteen residents out of a total population of 120 in a little village in the Caucasus Mountains are each more than 100 years of age. Their diet consists exclusively of bread, cheese and sour milk, confirming the scientific theory that sour milk prolongs life by destroying the harm- -ful bacteria in the lower intestines.
Washington Bissell, of Great Barrington, Massachusetts, a retired New York lawyer, was J01 recently. He says tjiat smoking has helped to prolong his life. He is the oldest college •
alumnus, the oldest Mason, and the oldest re- ■»
tired lawyer in the United States. /
Uncle John Dabney, the Minnesota centen- j a ri an and pioneer, who is the same age as Mr. ' Bissell, says that the secret of a long life is to “keep movin"; and Uncle John has hit it about right It is as true in the physical world as it is in the spiritual world that the only way to keep alive is to keep on keeping on.
Louis Horowitz, who celebrated his 104th birthday recently in the Harlem Home of the Daughters of Israel in New York, prescribes: “Work and exercise, kind thoughts about one’s fellows, and a conscience that lets you sleep— that is the way to live, and. that way lets you live the longest”.
Chester R. Woodford, of Avon, Connecticut, age 107 years, the oldest living ex-member of the Connecticut House of Representatives, says that refusal to worry is the secret of a long and happy life. It has a lot to do with it. Death * would normally be a long time reaching anybody that refused to worry and that kept his intestinal tract in good order by proper food.
Cardinal de Salis of Venice wrote at the age of 110: “By being old when I was young I find myself very young when I am old”. He meant that by taking great care in his youth he was spared that necessity in his old age.
Age is no Reason for Ceasing Work
John W. Barth, of Omaha, speaking at the ninth annual convention of the National Association of Mutual Li fa Underwriters in Chicago, made the statement that during the ■past fifty years ten years has been added to the length of life of the average man and that every indication points to the fact that an equal amount will be added in the next fifty. Mr. Barth is right, and more than right
Meantime, what is to be done with these men whose natural course has been lengthened by ten years 1 Are they fit only to be discarded! Such was the famous Osler theory. Indeed, that theory suggested that all men should be chloroformed at or before sixty, as they were thenceforth of no benefit to their fellows.
If that plan were put into practice now, it would take way some of the most important and supposedly valuable men in American business life. Not long ago a list was made of the Jftfty men rated as the foremost leaders in American business and finance; and their average age was sixty-one. Not a railroad in the United States has a president as young as forty, and hardly any as young as fifty.
The president of one of the most powerful banks in Ameri^ the First National, of New York city, George F. Baker, is in his eighty-second year. The average age of the twentyeight men who have been presidents of the United States was between fifty-four and fifty-five when they took office, and their average at death has been a few months under seventy.
We sometimes hear it said that the United States is a young man’s country, which is another way of saying that it does not value either faithfulness or experience. There is much truth in the statement; but the age limit of activity is rising rapidly, and many of the conspicuously important positions are now filled by men of sixty, sixty-five, seventy, and upwards.
Occasionally something transpires that suggests to an elderly man that he is as good as ever. During the war an old man in an Ohio poorhouse happened to remember that he was a good shoemaker. He went out and got a job at $36 a wefek, and has been busy ever since. The editorial writer Arthur Brisbane is of the opinion that the normal working period of a pan’s life should be 144 years, twelve times as long as the number of years preceding the reproductive age.
Are there any Old Women?
ES, reader, there really are some sensible women that are willing to admit that they are over thirty. Harriet Beecher Stowe lived to be eighty-five, Florence Nightingale was ninety, and Julia Ward Howe ninety-one. A report comes from Texas that Mrs. M. M. McKinley, a pioneer of Grayson County in that state, is cutting a new set of teeth at the latter age.
Grandma Bryan of Alameda, California, owns to ninety-eight winters and summers, and believes anybody may live long if they will be clean and wholesome, all of which makes us believe that Grandma herself is one of that kind. May her shadow never grow less!
Mrs. Frances M. Wright of Patchogue, Long Island, has just celebrated her 100th birthday. Mrs. Irene Cockfair, Bloomfield, New Jersey, died February 10, 1922, aged 104. Mrs. Ann Sissons of Mansfield, Ohio, is energetic at the age of 102.
Eliza Anderson, aged 103, one of the inmates of the Catholic Home for the Aged, of the Little Sisters of the Poor, New York city, recently attended an all-day party given to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the opening of the home. At five o’clock in the afternoon Eliza complained of being tired and wanting to take a nap. She said it had been a hard day. One of the features of the program on this occasion was an Irish breakdown danced by Catherine McGinty, seventy-eight years of age, and blind.
Serena Bracey, Camden, South Carolina, a colored woman 104 years of age, thinks that she is the.oldest woman in the United States; but Serena is mistaken, as she will see if she is a subscriber to The Golden Age. And she ought to be a subscriber, even if she isn’t Anybody that has reached 104 years of age, and is not a subscriber to The Golden Age, has missed something.
Mrs. Delia Bouton Sanford, Norwalk, Connecticut, has just celebrated her 105th birthday. She has the reputation of manifesting a remarkably cheery disposition, and is never so. happy as when doing something to make others happy. She deserves to be among the Millions Now Living Who Will Never Die. Indeed, she has one of the prime characteristics of the bride of Christ, who will have a still better inheritance. .
If this article had been written prior to the first of last November it would have been able to mention Mrs. Eliza Ann Barron, who was then living with her daughter at Woodbridge, New Jersey, at the age of 105. Mrs. Barron voted at the presidential election in 1920.
Henrietta Jones, Orange, Texas, a Negress 106 years of age, is still actively engaged in cooking, washing, ironing, and sewing. She can thread a small-sized needle with No. 80 thread with greater ease than most of us, not even excepting the button-hole makers in our midst
Mrs. Bosella Cohen, Trenton, New Jersey, has reached the age of 107, and attributes her long life to the fact that she never worries. Mrs. Antoinette Smith, a Portuguese woman 108 years of age, is Illinois' third oldest woman. She has found no joy in life since the prohibition amendment was enacted and took away the daily portion of wine in which she had always indulged.
Mrs. Mary Vermett is TUinois' second oldest woman, and celebrated her 110th birthday last Christmas. The very oldest woman in Illinois, and the oldest woman of whom we have any record at the The Golden Age office, is Mrs. Sarah Quinn, of Chicago. Sarah was recently overcome with gas in her home. She was rushed to a hospital and revived. Upon waking she said that she was feeling as well as usual and desired to return home at once, so that she could do the dishes. Sarah is 115 years old; and she showed much more enthusiasm in doing the dishes than some girls 100 years younger show with respect to the same job; and this is no joke, even if it does sound like one.
Tike Sorrows of Old Age
OLD age ought not to have any sorrows. It ought to be a time of placid contentment at haring done in life all that one was able to do to make the world a better place; and many grow old in just that way. But there is a considerably disposition on the part of young men who have the power to try to get rid of old men on the false theory that every old man who works keeps some young man from working, and that young men would do more and better work than kan old man can do.
Winstnn^C’liurchin, British Minister of War —and Mr. Churchill is no longer a young man himself—has altered the retiring age from the British arsenals from sixty-five to sixty, probably with a view of making room for more young men. This affected about 1,000 workers; and retiring them ten years ahead of the pension (seventy) left them to face ten years of doubt and distress at the time in life when they could least afford it Many of these men ■ have spent the best part of their lives in the country's service. There are 96,924 old age pensioners in Australia, each receiving about $200 per year.
Ernest L. Smith, fifty years of age, of North Scituate, Massachusetts, used to work in the Providence, Rhode Island, mills. He was laid off several months ago and was unable to find anything to do. Wherever he applied for employment he was told that he was too old. Becoming discouraged because he had a family that he was unable to supply with food, he barricaded himself in the house, set fire to it, and shot himself through the head, dying en route to the hospital.
In its issue of August 5,1921, The New York-Times contained the following beautiful poem by F. L. Montgomery on "The Loneliness of Age”:
Time once was when the day lacked hours Enough to finish the tasks begun,
When morning scattered the scent of flowers, And evening's curtain was finely spun
Of moonlight’s web and starry showers In unison.
The lyre was touched and a song went winging Its joyous way as befits in youth;
Easily laughter and hail came ringing
And eye met eye with the glance of truth;
For song was sweet and the heart was singing Of love, forsooth I
One by one as the leaves are shaken From old trees' branches by Autumn's blast,
So were the old companions taken, Leaving him lonely, left to the last,
Left to himself and his thoughts, forsaken—-
Living the past. -
Old age makes no plan for the morrows— Whom shall it work with, with whom play?
Burdened with debt of the days it borrow^ Age expectantly waits to pay—
Waits and dreams of the past, and sorrows Only to stay.
Science and Longevity
Statistics show that of the people who live to he over eighty years of age 56 percent lived in comfortable circumstances, 10 percent were rich, and 34 percent were poor; 90 percent had always enjoyed good health; 92 percent had had good digestion; 88 percent had had good appetites; 94 percent had led an active life, while only 6 percent had led a sedentary life. Only 7 percent had lived much out of doors; and as they grew older they gradually lowered their activities. Nearly all were good sleepers, not necessarily long sleepers, but sound ones.
Medical men have noted that many men of activity pass away a short time after retiring from business at the age of sixty; and in a discussion of the subject in the Medical Review of Reviews not one of the profession advocated retirement, but a large group advocated hard work, merely stipulating that after sixty years of age one must pay closer attention to the laws of personal hygiene. Play was stressed by several, systematic exercise by others, vacations by two, and care in eating by six.
It has been noted that people who have reached eighty or more years of age die as a rule suddenly. Often they fall asleep without any pain. The machine stops; it has run down.
Dr. Jacques Loeb, of the Rockefeller Institute, in The Science Monthly for December, 1919, tells the real reason why people die. We have read it twice without understanding it, except that it seems to us to teach that people die because they stop breathing. In the hope that some of our readers may have better success in seeing what Dr. Loeb is trying to get at we reproduce the paragraph which bears most directly on the subject:
“Recent progress in physical chemistry permits us to state tiiat the spontaneous disintegration of the body which set-in at death (at the proper temperature and proper degree of moisture) is a process of digestion, comparable to that which the meat we eat undergoes in our stomach nr.d intestines. The essential nature of digestion is in this ca<o the transformation of the solid meat into subhibln products by two ferments—pepsin, which exists jp the stomach ; and trypsin, which exists in the intestines. The successive treatment of meat by the two ferments results in the breaking up of the large insoluble molecules into the small soluble molecules of amino acids which are absorbed by the blood and carried to the cells of the body, where they are utilized to build up new solid cell matter. These two ferments, pepsin and trypsin, exist not only in the digestive organs, but * in many and possibly in all living cells; and the question arises, Why do they not constantly digest and thus destroy our body while life lasts? A tentative answer to this question has been given by Dernby, who has been able to show that the cooperation of both ferments it required in the same cell for the work of destruction, and that this cooperation of both ferments becomes possible only at a certain degree of acidity, which cannot be reached in the living body on account of the constant removal of acid through respiration and oxidation. When respiration ceases the degree of acidity necessary for the digestive action of both ferments in the same cell is reached, leading to gradual digestion and liquefaction of the tissues which characterizes the disintegration of the dead body. Death, then, in a human being means the permanent cessation of respiration.”
Prenatal Influence and Longevity
Dr. A. L Logan, in an address before the Allied Medical Association of America, in New York, is of the opinion that there is no reason why man should not live to be a thousand years old, with proper care and dieting, provided the parents have, by prenatal influence, equipped the child favorably as respects constitution and disposition.
Dr. Nascher also indicates his belief in the same principle. He calls attention to the fact that out of every 100,000 persons who reach the age of ten years, nearly 36,000 reach the age of seventy, about 13,300 reach the age of eighty, and 1,330 reach the age of ninety. He thinks that longevity does not depend upon the mode of life, environment, health, or any other outside factor, but upon the constitution one has inherited, As the body between infancy and old age passes through several stages he is hopeful of determining what the proper length of each stage should be, with a view of ascertaining what really should be the length of life.
Dr. William S. Welch, of Johns Hopkins University. Baltimore, Md., argues along somewhat similar lines, stating that the constitution seems to determine the arrival of the dreaded hour when the powers begin to fail, and that constitution is a legacy, not an achievement.
Dr. Welch says that our greater knowledge of life and its preservation has added twelve and a half years to the span of life in the last century, most of it in early life, infant mortality having been greatly reduced; that not much has been done for those who have reached fifty years, for after a person has reached that age
death is generally caused by some organic hormone. It has been learned that with the dis-
trouble.
Fred B. "Pitney, writing in The New York Tribune, and noting that the length of human life is increasing, suggests that what was meant by the Psalmist's familiar declaration was really this that "[under the present limitations of our knowledge] the days of our years are threescore years and ten”. The same writer looks forward to the possibility of human beings living to reach 2,000 years of age, due to the discovery (!) "that life is a chemical reaction now requiring seventy years to complete”.
Buffon found that several animals lived seven times as long as it took them to gain their complete growth, and on this basis thought the normal duration of the life of man should be 210 years.
Harriett Luella McCollum, reasoning from the fact that in the most advanced specimens of the human family not ten percent of the brain cells are developed, argues that in two more generations the normal span of life will be 150 years and in a century or so it will be 600. It will be even better than that, we can assure her.
Longevity by the Gland Route
WHEN a frog is hatched from an egg, it has a long tail but no legs. It takes three or four months normally for the legs to develop. If the thyroid gland of the tadpole is removed, it will never grow any legs at all If it is fed on the thyroid glands of other frogs or other animals it will grow the legs at once. The thyroid gland contains traces of iodine; and it is interesting to know that tadpoles have been changed into frogs by feeding them minute quantities of inorganic iodine. Iodine has something to do with development and therefore with longevity.
Science is now at the stage where the importance ’of,, the various glands of the body is dimly comprehended and is being closely studied. It has been discovered that the thymus gland, a gland behind the thorax, is old when we come into the world, and at the age of fourteen disappears; it has played its part in the development of life^and is no longer needed.
Recent studies have brought to light the fact that the ductless glands of the body supply an organism (which, like vitamines, has not been isolated) to which has been given the name of
' appearance of the hormones come old age and death. Would you EveT Keep a full supply of hormones on hand. How to do it is the question that is bothering everybody, however.
Reports continue to come of the good results obtained from the transplantation of energy glands. Dr. L. L. Stanley, surgeon at San Quentin Prison, California, speaking before the • California Medical Society, cites forty cases where these glands were transplanted upon prisoners. All of the operations were successful, and the patients immediately gained physically and mentally. General debility gave way to robust vitality, wrinkles were automatically removed, sight and hearing and appetite all improved, as a general result of the strengthening of the body by the transplantation of the glands. Eleven of these transplantations were from humans and twenty-nine from goats, and there was no difference to be noted in the after effects. The operation is simple, and the recovery rapid. The glands intended for transplanting may be preserved for a week by being immersed in vaseline and frozen to a temperature of 12 degrees Fahrenheit
In the experiments which are being made to preserve or restore vitality one of the oddest is that undertaken by Dr. J. H. Parsegan, of New York. The Doctor has invented a machine for stitching human hair into a bald scalp by means of a fast-working needle which thrusts the hairs into the epidermis. The Doctor has sewed fifty snips of feminine hair into his scalp and claims that some of them have grown since the good work began of transforming his doorknob pate into a mossy bank of verdure.
Longevity by the Temperature Route
Da. Loeb has been experimenting with the fruit-fly, and has discovered that the duration of the life of the fly may be multiplied almost nine times by keeping it in a cold temperature. Ordinarily the fly lives twenty-one days at a temperature of S6 degrees Fahrenheit, while if the temperature is reduced to 50 degrees it lives 177A days. It is from this experiment that Doctor Loeb formed the opinion that life is a chemical reaction, for the reason that the influence of temperature on the life of the fly is the same as on the velocity of a chemical reaction. He argues from these premises that if the human blood could be kept at a permanent temperature of 45.5 Fahrenheit the average life now reaching to threescore years and ten would stretch out to twenty-seven times that length. But who would wish to slowly linger in a state of semi-freezing for nineteen hundred years, experiencing little, if any, of the joys or sadness, the pains or pleasures that would be one's inheritance in a more comfortable temperature!
Much interest has been aroused by the Loeb experiments. It seemed demonstrated in the case of the housefly that the period of its youth was increased in the exact ratio that the whole life-span was increased, but longevity by means of lowered temperature does not seem possible with human beings.
Dr. Eugene L. Fisk, medical director of the Life Extension Institute, commenting on the Loeb’ experiments, hopes for the addition of thirty or forty years to the span of human life, but expects it to be accomplished only by hy-3 gienic living, hygienic eating, with instant attention to any defects that may be found. He suggests close attention to the category of conditions antagonistic to human life, including heredity, infection, poison, food deficiency, food excess, fear, grief, emotional excess, and psychic apathy due to lack of life interest He draws comfort from the fact that the turtle Lives to be 200 years old, while the California redwoods are virtually everlasting.
Dr. Alex Carrel, of the Rockefeller Institute, in his efforts to find some of the secrets of life, has taken the heart of an unhatched chicken and kept it alive for seven years. It is still growing. What is to be learned from this experiment we do not yet know.
Development, Maturity, and Decline
Dr. Nascher, previously referred to in this article, has pointed out that a careful study of those who have led quiet, regular lives shows that tfee period of development is thirty years, of maturity the same and of decline the same; £ that each of these periods is broken in the middle, at fifteen by puberty, at forty-five by change qf life, at seventy-five by senile decline.
Dr. Nascher points out that although there is no increase in height after twenty-one the body continues to grow in every other direction. At thirty the man needs a larger hat, a wider suit, • larger shoes and larger gloves than he did at twenty-one; and his heart and lungs are at maturity, which was not the case nine years earlier. The Bible shows that thirty is the age of maturity.
Investigations show that the point of lowest mortality is twelve years. At twenty the risk of death is twice as great The years to thirty are the ones in which the least proportionate increase in mortality is noted. At forty the risk is five times as great as at twelve; at fifty it is eight times as great, and at sixty it is sixteen times as great
The Central National Bank has published data showing that twenty is the age when the son thinks he knows more than his father; at thirty he concludes that he does not know as much as he imagined, and that his father is a man of fair intelligence; at thirty-five the son realizes that life is a reality, and that he is not as smart as he once thought, and that his father was a man of excellent judgment. At forty-five 16 percent are dead, 65 percent are self-supporting, 15 percent are dependent wholly or in part, and only 4 percent have accumulated something and kept it After fifty not one in fifty can recover his financial footing in case of failure.
The number of persons in every thousand attaining to the age of sixty-five or more is shown in the following table:
United States__________:____________ 43
Germany 50 England and Wales 52 France and Sweden 84 Ireland ____________________________100
The population of Pennsylvania is distributed in ages as follows:
15 years or under 32.1%
15 to 19 8.5% 20 to 44_____________:__38.5%
45 or over _____________________20.9%
Sundry Antiquities
HE skeletons of a boy and a girl declared by investigators to have been overwhelmed in
a volcanic eruption, have recently been on exhibition in Santa Fe, New Mexico, preparatory to shipment to Washington. The skeletons were found in a stone house which was partially submerged by the hardened lava, and which was reached with difficulty by a native sheepowner. The hair of the girl was of a reddish brown. and beside her head were two large turquoise ear-rings. The clothing of the bodies had been of some kind of fur. .
On or about October, B. C. 1962, the year in which King Rim-Sin occupied the town of Dur-Damigilisha, a man named Bur-Mama gave a note to H Sinnutum for four shekels in silver (equal to about $100 in present currency) which was to bear 40 percent interest until paid. The note is on a clay tablet at the University of Pennsylvania and has four witnesses, who placed upon it their seals instead of their sig* natures. Bur-Mama is supposed at this writing to be about 3884 years overdue in the payment of his note.
It is well known that grains of wheat which ’ have lain beside mummies in the tombs of Egypt for two thousand years can be made to sprout, and now it appears that microbes which are found in the papyri in the same tombs retain their vitality after all the centuries in which they have lain hidden.
The oldest church in Christendom is at Echmiadzin, Armenia, built in the year 301 A. D.
Dr. Bendel Harris, Chairman of the Englishspeaking Union, claims to have discovered the hull of the Mayflower and part of the deck in a barn adjoining an inn at Chalfont Street, Giles, Buckinghamshire, England.
The skeleton of a huge reptile has been placed on exhibition at the American museum of natural history. It was a toothless animal with a wing spread of sixteen feet from tip to tip, a pterano-don. It is believed that a study of the mechanics of the creature's flight, which is planned by scientists, may throw light on practical problems in aeronautics.
The Amherst College geographical expedition has found in the Colorado plains to the north of the South Platte Biver in Colorado parts of the skeleton of a creature that was substantially a camel with the neck and legs of a giraffe.. It also unearthed the skeleton of a tiny camel no larger than a half-grown sheep.
During the days of the Lord's coming kingdom on earth all the mysterious treasures of antiquity will be located, every human being whose remains now lie mouldering in the tomb will be brought back to life, and the era of everlasting human life as a gift from God Almighty at the hands of the Lord Jesus Christ will have dawned upon a poor world that longs for this great gift, but knows not how to obtain it. It will come in but one way. Science will never bring it God alone knows the secret of life; and as far as humanity is concerned, this secret is all in the keeping of the One that bought us with His own blood. *Tn him was life and the life was the light of men.’*
BREVITIES
Apple Trees and Hens By G. W. Thomson
EVEREND Dr. White of this city preached here last night on “Apple Trees and Hens”, revealing his trend of mind. Doubtless the Reverend is studying up the subject to be ready to move when the preacher business becomes less inviting. In his talk there was abso-lutely.no reference to the Bible, not even a text was taken from it.
Purchasing Immunity By a subscriber
ANENT the article in an issue of the Golden
Age topposing vaccination, the following is a truthful^report of a conversation heard in a neighbor’s home where there was a new baby who was about to be christened:
The mother to her husband: “Honey, were you ever baptized?”
The husband: “Sure, Honey, four times.*
The mother: “Oh no, Honey! I don’t mean vaccinated, I mean baptized.”
Spiritual immunity—physical immunity—and both equally efficacious!!
Knowledge—Understanding— Wisdom
By W. X. Pelle
NOAVLEDGE is perception of truth.
Understanding is knowing what the knowledge you have means. It is knowledge digested.
A person might eat an apple, but it would do him no good unless he digested it. The same is true in respect to knowledge. Adam ate the apple and by the time the apple was digested he understood what sin really is.
Wisdom is the proper use or application of the knowledge which one understands. It might be compared, in the above crude illustration, to the proper use of the strength derived from the digested apple. Many persons possess great knowledge, and they have the proper understanding thereof; but the majority of them might not know how to use it. For example: You may know that the big fellow across the street is an ignoramus, and you may understand fully what that means. But if you possess wisdom, you will refrain from telling him that fact.
America's Filthy Jail* By b. a. w«ic*
HAVE you seen the article published in the Denver, Colorado, Rocky Mountain News of January 19, 1922, and entitled “Medieval Jails’*, by F. J. Haskins, Washington, D. C.t Out of two hundred county jails recently visited, only ten were fit for human occupation. This is the report just sent in by Mrs. H. S. McIntire, Secretary of the Prisoners’ Relief Society, after a trip from Washington, D. C. to Seattle, Washington, during which she visited some two hundred jails in order to observe conditions. Mrs. McIntire found the majority of these institutions dirty and unhealthy, with graft rampant.
The prisoner who sends out for a quart of milk is apt to have to pay twenty-five cents, and the change goes to the jailer or whoever does the errand. Vermin of all sorts are the rule rather than the exception in county jails, we are told. Disinfectants, sanitary precautions in ease of illness, and clean kitchens are luxuries which seem to have no place in the average American jail.
Helen Keller and Heifetz
THE great violinist Heifetz was recently in Denver and at the Brown Hotel he played for Helen Keller, the world-famed blind and deaf woman, whose attainments, under the tutelage of Miss Sullivan, have astonished the world, The Denver Post narrates the <tory:
“For ohee when Heifetz was playing the audience was more interesting than the player. All eyes were on the blind woman as sho placed the tips of her wondrously sensitized fingers under the belly of Heifetz3 Stradi-variua. The bow swept the strings, and the woman quivered a.« i thoroughbred rave horse under the whip. The melody ^wept through her being. Her body responded to every note.
“She seemed to feel everything that the Cremona was trying to say to her. HeiL-tz was playing ‘The Hymn to the Sun* from die opera ’J>e Cuj d’Or*. As the magic tones mounted the scales, the woman seemed to rise with it; her whole being quivered with an ecstasy that made those who looked on wonder if it was all delight.
“But it was not only the tempo to which she responded—the vibrations of the strings, fast or slow. Sho seemed to divine the real message of the music.
“‘So tender, so tender/ she murmured once.
“Then Heifetz played *La Chasse,’ an old French hunting song—a gay, rollicking tune. The blind and deaf woman laughed with delight. There remained no doubt She was hearing it all It was as though her whole being vibrated with the violin itself.
“The master of the violin was playing on a greater instrument than any ever turned out from the workshop of Antonio Stradivari. He was playing on what is probably the most highly attuned organism in the world —Miss Helen Keller.”
Seventy Cents far a Dollar
WHEN the farmer takes products worth a dollar to market he can get only seventy cents’ worth in return. In 1910 the farmer’s dollar’s worth of products would buy $1.06 worth of other products.
In the big-profit year of 1918 the farmer for a brief period could get $1.04 for his dollar’s worth, but he was prevented from making any great profit and becoming a profiteer by the maximum price set by the Tumulty administra- , tion and by Herbert Hoover’s food administration tactics. In 1920 at the behest of the packers, it is recorded, the Department of Justice got after the farmer’s products and started the deflation which resulted in the ruin of tens of thousands of able, hard-working farmers, who found it impossible to compete against such odds as big business and big politics imposed upon them.
It is fortunate for the American farmers that in 1920 they elected to Congress the men who have now coalesced into the farm block of about twenty-five Senators and a hundred-odd Congressmen. These alert and progressive legislators are showing the farmers what can be accomplished by politics in action. They are not numerous enough to control Congress, but are sufficient in number to hinder any legislation whatever if the farmers* interests are not likely to be properly taken care of. It is expected that in the fall elections of 1922 the farm block will be augmented by a sizable labor block, jointly able to make considerable headway in maintaining and advancing the rights of the common people against the now all-powerful Wall Street Block in Congress.
Praying to be Seen of Men Byj^suwideri
GOING from the sublime to the ridiculous seems to be the evolutionary process of present-day ecclesiasticism.
From those days of simplicity and faith when Jesus taught His disciples how to pray, it has been a long stride to this marvelous brain-age. But we have evoluted wonderfully. Instead of ignorant and unlearned fishermen, we now have “best minds” and “profound thinkers”. In the place of the simple prayer of faith, expressing the heart's most earnest desires, has come the high-sounding dictation, advising Jehovah how, when, and where to bestow His favors.
Any cause, project, or desire is sufficient excuse for almost any D. D. to indulge in one of those incantations, if only a crowd of some sort can be induced to listen to the performance. All sorts of drives, sawdust trails, peace conferences, and other “worthwhile” innovations have this as a permanent feature of their programs. Consistency is one jewel which the “men of the cloth" do not covet.
Recent frantic efforts on the part of the Church Federation to enlist prayers for the Washington Conference reminds one of an incident related by a lawyer in a certain Indiana college town a few years ago. That section of the state was experiencing a protracted drought, which was severely damaging the crops and menacing the health of the community. A mass meeting was held in the Methodist Church to discuss the situation and provide relief. It having been unanimously agreed that a committee be appointed to offer up prayers for rain, the moderator proceeded to name seven or eight prominent “church pillars” more favorably known for their ability to ‘kicE in’ with the ‘change’ than for their piety.
Seeming to have run out of material, the moderator hesitated a short time, and then re-markeji that he thought they should have two or th restore. At this juncture one impious brother arose and said: “I think we have enough, Mr. Moderator; we don't want a flood!”
Sunliyht aM Health Ry Dr. S. Rosenstrauch SUNLTCrllT, it has been proved, is more helpful to vitality and health than fresh air. As a vitality builder, there is nothing much better than a thorough coat of sunburn.
As you may know, it is not the bright light, nor is it the hot ray of the noonday sun that “tans your hide”. It is a radiant energy, beyond the visible red, pink, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet end of the spectrum—a species of ultra-violet ray not perceived or sensed by the human eye, which tans the skin and has been found to possess remarkable curative qualities in the treatment of many germs and glandular diseases. Whether from the sun, a candle, a lamp, a gas-jet or an arc light, whitish light is really a mixture of all the colors of the rainbow. The rainbow is called a spectrum or white light- analyzed, dissected or split up into the real color visible to the eye. Raindrops act as . bubbles or prisms of water and reflect back against the sky the dissolved yellowish sunlight This returned light is split up into the natural colors, and forms the rainbow.
If crystal, a bit of quartz, or certain other transparent objects be interposed between any source of light and a smooth surface it will split the light the same as the raindrops do in producing rainbow colors. The result is called the colors of the spectrum.
By scientific methods it has been discovered that beyond the violet end of the spectrum there are thousands of other sets of radiations invisible to the human eye. These are the rays that cause the tanning and the pigmentation of the flesh.
Sickly, anemic, and tubercular people do not freckle or tan as easily as do healthier people; still these invisible chemical rays seem the most important to the sickly and anemic. By experiment in the laboratory and in actual practice it has been proved that the germs, microbes and bacteria of diseases are quickly destroyed by "sunlight", or rather by the chemical rays of light that produce freckles and tan.
Jekyll and Hyde bv t. a. Clark
T\OUBTLESS most readers of The Golden Age are familiar with the well-known work of fiction by A. Conan Doyle entitled “Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde”, in which the principal character figures as a dual personality. As a result of certain experiments he is supposed to have discovered a means by which he could accomplish the end that he desired—the separation of his two selves (which he recognized as co-existent in one organism), the elimination of the lower self and the perpetuation of the higher.
He soon found that his success was merely a temporary one, and that he was not able to avert periodic lapses to a state in which his “evil” . self was in the ascendant. As time went on the duration of these “lapses” increased, until at last the lower tendencies prevailed entirely and he found it impossible to bring about a reversion to the more desirable state,' and died a painful and shocking death. As Dr. Jekyll he was a respected member of society and lived a life worthy of emulation: as Mr. Hyde he was an outcast and murderer.
The possession of the elements of a dual character is not limited to the fictitious person of “Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde”, but this duality is a quality possessed by all; for while in some . the higher qualities prevail and in others the lower, we believe there are few who do not still possess at heart some traces of the original likeness of our common forefather, Adam, of whom we are told that he was “made in the [human and earthly] Likeness of God”. Which of us, begotten to a new nature, does not realize the coexistence of the two! — for we know that “the flesh lusteth against the spirit”, that we cannot do the things that we would. Certainly the apostle Paul must have had this realization In mind when he said: “The things that I do, those I would not, and the things that I would not do, those I do,” meaning to say (as personifying the Jewish people) that in spite of his best efforts to keep the law, evil sometimes prevailed. Not even he, noble character that he was, was free from the effects of the Adamic fall; nor ‘ could he ever hope to be while he remained tabernacled in an imperfect body of flesh. And we, too, share his lot; the same struggle is ever present. But not for that need we to lose hope; for we are told that “He [Jehovah] knoweth our frame; he remembereth that we are dost”. (Psalm 103:14) As long as we are actuated by a fervent desire to live aright in spite of our ► present imperfect organisms (which now render such a thing impossible) and would not willingly do otherwise were we living in perfect conditions, we ^are safe. In the Millennial age, the inauguration of which is but a few years distant, the Human race will have perfect conditions under which to progress from height to . height With the great majority victory will * follow on victory, until at last complete perfection of mind and body will be attained. Then, and only then, will man be really free—master and ruler of himself.
Let each do the best he can now, even though it may be little, keeping in mind the words of the wise man that “as a man thinketh in his heart, so is he”. .
International vs. National Markets Byo.Mathew Mb. Editor : In The Golden Age of August 31, 1921, it is stated by one of your contributors that “the only remedy for the present conditions of unemployment is the restoration of Europe to a condition similar to that which existed before the war, that we may sell our products”. I wish to say that such seems to be impossible, as well as out of date;
While I realize the necessity of international commerce, yet to say that America is dependent upon Europe to remedy her present condition does not seem at all logical Why not develop a plan that will improve our markets at home by raising the buying power of the workers so that they may become a current market for their own products! Has there yet been a time when all the people in America were oversupplied with the necessities of life!
America might have Europe for a market and overcome the unemployment problem. But the unrest and discontent of her masses will never be overcome until every worker receives enough wages to buy the things that make life comfortable.
It is agreed that with a’surplus of wealth created by the toiling millions whose wages are too small to afford the necessities of life there is a need for a foreign market; and the financier will use the foreign market successfully to dispose of that surplus wealth for himself, even though it will infringe upon the rights of a foreign people. Moreover, he will do it even though it may cause international friction—war—and conscription of the toilers to cross the sea, fight, and perhaps die to protect a market for the purpose of getting rid of the products which he has helped to produce, and of which he and his family are in need.
This“foreign market”problem has been handed down to us from that far-off time when it was supposed that the greater part of the human race were in a semi-savage condition and would make cruel weapons of warfare, such as a stone tied to a stick, in order to make war on their neighboring tribes and thus get the things they needed.
But our twentieth-century civilization, while looking back with horror at the cruel deeds of these savages, has invented dreadnaughts with a dozen or more fourteen-inch guns, submarines, zeppelins, and poison-gas, and makes war upon their brethren across the sea in order to get rid of the things which they need in their own homelands.
We may rest assured that as long as the world’s commerce is owned' and controlled by private exploiters, and the military forces are used by them to protect their domestic interests , and their foreign markets, we shall have panics, unemployment, and wars.
Yes; the loom that weaves the present social fabric has become greatly out of order, and is giving poqr satisfaction everywhere. It is to be much doubted that our money-tinkers will be able to fix the old machine; for it has been condemned by an all-powerful God who will in due time cause it to be thrown into the junk heap, never to be used again to enrich the few and to enslave and impoverish the many.
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