Golden Age, December 8, 1920
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Dec. 8, 1920, Vol. II, Na 32
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Vot-PMa 2 WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1920 Nnmu 33
CONTENTS of the GOLDEN AGE SOCIAL. EDUCATIONAL AND POLITICAL ' Aostriu. Hungary and Montenegro ; ---------—.....—134
Italian and Greek Nobility 13S Egypt, Roumania and Bui-
i-------I,,—-- - -taS
Roman and Asiatic- No-billty J3C Prohibition Mlsconeeiitl'ns 137 ■
Royalty Passing Away
Last at rnixh Royalty.—132
Royalty in England
David, Prince at Wales
Genna*
Leaser Royalties 133 Danish and Bel-oyalty---133
Qings and Kins____-134
LABOR AND ECONOMICS Petty PMuda and Their Detection-. ...-------—...—133
AGRICULTURE AND HUSBANDRY Wool Production.__________________________________13®
SCIENCE AND INVENTION Some Marvels of Light.—. .142 The Symbolism of light....143 The Father's Care (poem) 144
____AND HYGIENE MOk ad ‘a Fbod________________._______________145
- TRAVEL AND MISCELLANY nose Catton Saints._____.,14? The Sidereal Heavens
The Day (poem)—.______148 Three Thousand a Month
Heart. SOnd. SouL tor a Teacher
Strength______149 Jubilee Echoes (poem)—ISO
. RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY
Advanced Studies In the Divine Plan of the Agen..
. A Marveiens Arrangement of Wisdom and Justice
The Prophets of the Bible.___,__________
’• SameSEuSplrtt and Purpose Pervades the Satire Book..155 Grandeur aad.BreodUi of God's Plan a Most Exalted Con
-. eeptSou .......______________________________
. To Ttaow Ont the Miracles Would Discredit the Whole..
BIMO’S TeaUnmay Convinces that not Man, but God, Is Its
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Golden Age
Volume II
New York, Wednesday, December 8, 1920
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MARK TWAIN wanted the Brazilians to assert in their declaration of independence: “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all monarchs are usurpers, and descendants of usurpers”. Mark was a little rough in his comments on what he was wont to call “the king business”; but he was only a little in advance of the whole world, which has now arrived at about the same point of view. Indeed, one of Europe’s fallen monarchs is credited with having himself made the statement within the past few months; “The pickings in the king business are rather lean just now”. And another said: “Royalty is played out”. ■
_ Spain has a king, Alfonso, who has publicly /
past few years has been uncommonly hard. For made the statement that he would prefer to have ’ instance, it has been the custom of royalty to Spain a republic and to be its first president ■ chans* all the undergarments each time a cos- ----- - - -
Because of their extravagant training, or lack of training, the lot of many of the princes and princesses that have been cast off within the turee is changed. This makes the wash bills enormous, and it takes time for the’ light to dawn upon them that this form of cleanliness, while agreeable and hygienic, is also expensive.
The condition of the princesses is especially difficult. They cannot secure positions as governesses, because parents fear to have habits of extravagance taught to their children in these parlous times. A very few have been able to secure employment as singers, trained nurses and saleswomen, but many have come down to takingk>mployment in cheap restaurants. They cannot get positions in the best restaurants; for these are usually filled by men. A restaurant in Zurich, Switzerland, has become famous because of the number of princesses it employs.
Let us take A little look at royalty in all parts of the world, beginning with America and travelling eastward. The only royalty of America, aside from the untitled autocracy of wealth and politics, consists of the American girls who have married European titles. The World War, with its repudiation of royalty and confiscation of estates, sent great numbers of these scurrying back to the United States, some of them iii hurried efforts to rescue their property froit^ the hands of the alien property custodian. ;
Portugal parted with her king some year# ago. Ex-King Manuel is living in London. Th# . , actress who caused his downfall confessed W fore her death that a mere friendly and trivial compliment upon her acting, paid to her by the king in a Paris restaurant, was used by a clever, press-agent to get her name on the front pages of the newspapers. She made a fortune by this ruse, but Manuel lost a kingdom and has never . been able to get it back.
than to hold his present position. If he toads this statement in order to keep up with the trend of popular sentiment, it nevertheless shows that he is a progressive man, gifted with vision. In the early part of .the year he dis^ pensed with the usual festivities commemorating his name-day, explaining that he did not desire any display of luxury during these times of unrest.
The Prince of Asturias, heir to the Spanish throne, has been trained for a place as a common soldier in one of the regiments, rising at reveille and going through all the drill required of other soldiers. No doubt this has also had a calming effect upon the people.
During the war Alfonso showed himself a good deal of a man. He wanted to join the French army, but was forbidden to do so by his Prime Minister. He intervened personally with Germany in behalf of 125,000 French and Belgian troops, 8,000 British and 6.000 Itallap troops, obtained pardons for 19 persons con-
r-
f'vnmed to death and secured repatriation of 7(MX)0 civilians and 20,000 mutilated prisoners.
। Last of French Royalty '
THE last of the French royalty died recently
—the Empress Eugenie, bride of Napoleon the Third. Before Napoleon won his crown by i the Wholesale butchery of unarmed citizens in ' the streets of Paris, he was waiter in a French ' ’ restaurant, in Chambers Street, New York City,
where patrons of the restaurant used to laugh
at his claims that he would yet be ruler of the. double pay for work performed after midnight, vv TV* Tt^Itt FAWTIT P, a TV C» «■» *■ XT 0 AaFi^AiIw lArT
French people.
. Although Eugenie Countess de Montijo’s father was of the Spanish nobility, her maternal grandfather was William Kirkpatrick, United States Consul at Malaga. At thirteen, she was left penniless, on the death of her father, but grew to be one of the most beautiful women of her time, and her success in captivating men caused her to be banished from Spain by the Queen Isabella. It was this that took her to London, where she met Napoleon.
After Eugenie had become the empress of . the French none of the other queens of Europe, -except Victoria of England, would have anything to do with her; but in a short time she
became the ruler of the fashions of half the demands upon his- benevolence by the ruined -world. It was she that pushed France into the nobility of Europe that he is now renting, out* . . war with Germany in 1870; and when, to her' dive-room apartments in the St- James palace .
. infinite surprise, the French lost the war and । Napoleon was captured, she disguised herself and fled again to England through a crowd that was wildly clamoring for her life.
r Eugenie lived as an exile in England for fifty i ’ years. Out of her fortune of $30,000,000, the
sum of $500,000 went to the construction of the Benedictine Abbey in the little village in England where she is buried. A good share of the remainder went to her goddaughter, Queen Victoria of Spain. Eugenie died at the age of 94, while on a visit to her old home in Spain. Her only eon was killed in the Zulu war.
Royalty th England
ENGLAND understands the royalty business better than any other country. There is no Hohenzollern "Me und Gott” foolishness in England. The'kin^ is merely a living emblem of British poorer; but although his duties are chiefly social he has his difficulties to face, also.
The king’s salary is fixed at $2,350,000 a year; but $1,800,000 is immediately charged against
this as expense of the royal establishment, so • • that he does not handle but a fourth of the total amount, and much of the remainder goes to pay the 112 servants that are on his personal payroll.
It takes eight servants to wait on the king’s * table, one of whom devotes his exclusive attention to the king himself. British custom makes ;
Jt almost law that there be no reduction in the number of these servants. . "
It is said that in June last,'twenty-seven of, the attendants threatened to strike unless given and that in July forty housemaids actually .left their positions because refused an increaseof 10 percent over the $250 a year and board which they were then receiving. The fever for more money spread to the king’s estate in Scotland^ where the employes requested a reduction nr hours from ten to eight and a raise in wages . to $15 weekly, and were told to quit. <
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The high cost of living is pinching the king. In February he was obliged to sacrifice $15,000 worth’of war bonds in order to pay his runningexpenses. In April he cut his champagne orcferi in half. Cheaper wines are now being served1 to guests, the champagne being kept fbr^thh-royal family.' The king is having so many ' demands upon his- benevolence by the ruined -for $41 per month, and three-room flats' for $25> per month. The rent includes breakfast, and'.
full meals can be had at $3 per day.
Queen .Mary is doing what she can to help keep down expenses. She saved $500 out of th$ $1,700 that her June court-gown would have cost, by having the gown finished by her own dressmaker. Like other people, she sometimes * makes mistakes. She recently deducted $4 from a hat bill, declaring that it was an improper charge, and a Bond street milliner sued her for the $4. The queen probably paid it rather than go on the witness stand. ’
Queen Mary is said to have taken to eigaret smoking. This may not be true; for we do not guarantee the accuracy of what we see in the papers. She is also said to have issued an ordet that her guests at the Ascot races shall not play cards during the week they are playing the races. This seems reasonable. The only daughter, Princess Mary, has been found paying secret visits to motion-picture shows. Every-Ixjdy seems to be getting democratic. Probably
the press-agent arranged it that way; for if other businesses find it profitable to employ press-agents why should the king business be an exception?
David, Prince of Wales
ALL reports seem to indicate that the English 11 Crown Prince is a simple, sensible, unaffected, democratic and agreeable young man, and a trifle shy. Born in 1894, he delighted his parents, when they set sail for a tour of India, by making the volunteer proposition, “I will look after them all”—the “all” being his little sister and his four little brothers.
During the war he was constantly under shellfire for four years, lived on the same rations as the other soldiers; and, though not allowed to i go over the top, he did go with his company
! on three occasions to take over posts just after
the enemy had been driven out of them. He i was present at more than half of the major engagements of the war..
Just before he sailed for his American trip, Prince David refused to attend a farewell private dance given in his honor at Buckingham palace, because his list of personal friends was ■J . not invited. This act was virtually the dis-\ obedience of a royal command; for royal invi-i . tations are essentially commands.
The prince is athletic, has done a great deal of flying, and usually goes between England and France by the air route. At Saskatoon, in Western Canada, he proved that he could mount an untamed broncho and hold his seat until the "* beast tired out
> At Calgary, still further west, he began one day with a ten-mile run before breakfast, spent the morning in the saddle rounding up cattle, spent the afternoon tramping with a gun, took an automobile ride over a rough road, followed that with a railroad journey and then danced
until the wee small hours of the morning.
While in Canada he let the crowds do with him about as they pleased, shook hands with so many people that he contracted neuritis in his right hand and subsequently, while in the United - States, was obliged to use his left hand. When in New Z^alarid he refused to ride on the royal train while a strike was in progress, saying, "Until the people can yide I shall not ride, for I am one of the people”. This offset to some extent the resolution of the Australian Workers’ Union opposing his visit to that country.
Out of a total appropriation of $120,000, ike ’ j Canadian Government expended $101,790 on the ■ Prince of Wales' visit. For the same trip the prince himself had been granted $125,000; but as he spent only $35,000 there was a profit of ? $90,000 which he was able to return to his royal . . 1 dad, and which, no doubt, King George was glad ■ | to get. . - ’
King Edward’s diary has been destroyed. In 1913 the Queen Mother was offered $250,000 for ' it, which she refused. The king’s will has not * '
been carried out exactly as he requested He ' left a collection of gold and silver plate valued at $10,000,000. This was to be used by the .
Dowager Queen Alexandra during her life and | at her death to be divided among King George’s children. The king found that she was selling off the plate and had already disposed of $150,- ’
000 worth, whereupon he sent two servants and * took possession of the vaults so that his royal mamma could qot get at the contents without
his knowledge and consent. This is a hard world.
England’s Lesser Royalties
N GLAND’S lesser royalties have been ; obliged to dispose of many of their estates.
The Duke of Devonshire’s home will be* turned into a motion-picture palace. It will still retain the name of Devonshire House, but the crystal । I staircase of the old house is the only feature . that will remain in the new.
One-third of Scotland has Changed hands, and' i .
one-fifth of England. The average price has f
been about $120 per acre, but in one place a 450-acre farm on the edge of a cotton-mill district sold for the record price of $850 per aere. - ' A square mile in the center of the city of Huddersfield was secured for its inhabitants for « $7,500,000. . .
Germany and Denmark, on poorer soil, produce twice as much per acre as is produced in
Britain. One reason for this is that much of the land in England has been held on yearly lease:; and nobody would put much, fertilizer into the ground, or work it to the limit, when there was a possibility of being sent off the land in a year.
Swedish, Danish a-d Belgian Royalty
THE government has introduced a bill in
Sweden amending the old law which forbade Swedish princes and princesses to wed any ono not of royal blood. The old walls are breaking down; they cannot be rebuilt.
In Denmark, a year ago, a bill was presented taking from the king the power to declare war. In April he came near losing his office altogether. For two or three days- the palace was surrounded by howling mobs, crying out, "Down with the king!” The crowd was forbidden to enter the royal square; but a sudden display of red flags-frightened the horses of the police, and in a moment the square was filled with a mob of surging thousands. - .
King Albert of Belgium commended himself to the whole world for his resolute stand against the invasion of his country by Germany. When he visited this country a year ago the mayor of Milwaukee refused to invite him to visit the city on the general principle that he had no use for kings. For some other reason the king himself refused to visit Chicago, but did visit Springfield, the capital of the same state. Illinois was one of the largest contributors to the Belgian relief fund; and Wisconsin contributed a larger number of volunteers for the World War, in proportion to its population, than any other state in the Union. _ . _
The Belgian king visited Boston, Buffalo, Davenport, Minneapolis, Spokane, Portland, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Albuquerque, Kansas City, Omaha, St Louis, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia and Washington all in nineteen days, and anybody who has ever visited the same towns knows that it was a hard ride to take in that time.
German Kings and Kinglets
ONE reason why most of the former nobility of Germany are in Switzerland is that it was the easiest country to reach and enter when the German militaristic system broke down. The Prince of Lippe-Detmold is there, the grand duke of Hesse, the grand duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and the former king of Bavaria. The latter, Ludwig the Third, who recently celebrated hls-.seventy-fifth birthday, says that he is having the best time of his life; and without doubt he tells the truth. He is living at Tizera, in an old manor house, half convent and half fortress, wit^ onjy one retainer, an old Bavarian general, and spends much time studying botany.
The German Crown Prince is in Holland, to stay. The Dutch government has bought for his use the parsonage on the island of Wieringen. The German Kaiser is also in Holland to stay, the Allies having “accepted"’ the Dutch govern
ment’s offer to keep a strict watch over him so that he shall never again become a menace to the peace of Europe. The Dutch refused to give him up, so the only thing the Allies could do was to “accept”. -
For a year and a half the Kaiser was the guest of the von Bentinck family at Amerongen. Last Fall, however, he purchased an estate of sixty acres, including the House of Doorn, having twelve rooms besides servants quarters. During the winter the house was made over, and on May fifteenth the Kaiser removed to it The Kaiserin was so affected at moving from Amerongen that she almost died from heart failure.
When the Kaiser moved into the House of Doorn he at once raised the salary of the gardener forty cents a week. Dr.Foerstner. his family, physician, had to leave him and return to Berlin, because he could not live on the meager salary paid him. The Kaiser has sold many of his household furnishings and is now seeking a market for his two yachts, estimated as worth about $360,000 each. One of these is said to be the fastest vessel of its size afloat
The Kaiser is writing a history of the World War which will be principally a history of him-’ self. He no longer has his mustache trained in a warlike manner, has discarded, his uniforms, has grown a beard, and allows his hair to grow to a good length instead of having it cut in precise military style.
The Kaiser’s great-great-grandmother was a French woman, Eleonore d’Olbreuse; and his mother was the oldest daughter and the oldest child of Queen Victoria of England. He claimed the right to the English throne and hoped to win it as another William the Conqueror.
Austria, Hungary and Montenegro
TTtaAxcis Joseph, the aged emperor of Austria-X1 Hungary, is claimed by some to have com- • mitted suicide by hanging at 10:30 on the morning of November 21, 1916. The truth of this cannot be proven yet. The official report, possibly shaped by reasons of state, is that death was due to natural causes and occurred at nine o’clock in the evening of the same day.
Francis Joseph was succeeded by Karl, or Charles, once referred to during the war, in a German military announcement, as “his-apostolic majesty”. Shortly after the close of the war Karl left Austria for Switzerland, where
he has two valuable estates, the castles of Wartegg and a mansion on the shore of Lake Geneva. He has five children, one of whom was born after the family had arrived in Switzerland.- Karl spends most of his time limiting.
_ Owing to depreciated exchange Karl’s income has been reduced from $3,500,000 a year to $750,000. xln American paper offered him $500,000 for his reminiscences, but he would not S' accept. He asked the Allies whether he might live in Hungary, as he finds the cost of living in Switzerland very excessive; but the Allies would not permit it. He then asked permission ~ to live in Prague, but the Czecho-Slovakians would not allow him to come.
~ Eighty grand-dukes and grand-duchesses went into exile with the fall of the house of Hapsburg. All the larger imperial palaces have > been seized for public purposes. All members of the House of Hapsburg w ho would not renounce their claims and become loyal citizens of the Austrian Republic were expelled from the country and their estates confiscated. Austrian money has so depreciated that a fortune which would have been equal to $250,000 before the war yielded when transmuted into Swiss currency only $850.
Early in the year Hungarian estates valued at $100,000 to $200,000 were being purchased by 'Americans, Englishmen and Frenchmen at $5,000 to $10,000. The crown of Hungary, used for eight hundred years in the crowming of monarchs, was put up at auction and sold to a profiteer- f-or $20,OCX). Nicholas, ex-King of Montenegro, is in exile at Neuilly, France.
Italian and Greek Nobility
A YEAR ago King Victor Emmanuel, one of • the best of modern kings, renounced all crown lands throughout Italy for the benefit of the peasantry, and announced that hereafter his own private property would be taxed the same as others. In December the Italians took away from ttte king the power to make war. Unprogressive kings are being dethroned, and progressive one are being tied so that they can do no mischief henceforth.
King Cpnstjmtine of Greece was-removed by the Allies because he was pro-German. and his eldest son was refused the succession for the * same reason. With his queen, Sophia, sister of the Kaiser, Cmistantihe has been in exile in Switzerland. The Kaiser has shut down on
QueVn .Sophia and will not let her have any money, and so Constantine is having a hard time, of it. In January he had a representative in London trying to sell his crown, reputed to be worth $150,000. He has had to change to a cheaper hotel, his Ford is gone, he has no. carriage; and he walks up and down, melancholy and shabby, in constant fear of being assassinated. *
Upon Constantine’s expulsion from Greece, June 12, 1917, the Allies washed the crown upon his second son, Alexander, who in a brief time " got himself into no end of trouble. A year ago he married a peasant girl, helen Manos, daughter of Colonel Manos, head of the royal stables. Under existing Greek laws the girl could not be the queen because not of noble (I) birth. Public sentiment forced the young girl to flee to Paris for safety.
Not long ago King Alexander secured permission of Venizelos, the Prime Minister, to visit his bride. He did so; and they were seen together in Paris, enjoying each other’s society to the utmost. Alexander thought he could fix it up with his mother, Sophia, but he^did not know-the Hohenzollems; for when he attempted to introduce his wife her mother-in-law lunged at her with an umbrella and with such a. torrent of abuse that the young couple fled from her presence. It was believed that the Greek parliament would probably pass a law enabling Alexander’s wife to become his queen, for the reason that Venizelos has said that it could matter little, because in fifty years the king of England will be the only king left in Europe. Venizelos is more than right in that statement.
King Alexander’s gallant fight for life, after having been bitten by a pet monkey, has enlisted the sympathies of the world. During his fatal illness his girl wife nursed him faithfully, with a devotion w-hich is most commendable.
Egypt, Roumania and Bulgaria
A YEAR ago, in October, the Egyptian royal prince eloped with an Italian princess and attempted to escape to America. His income is $2,000,000 a year; and he thought it sufficient to maintain a family without his worrying over affairs of state.
Crown Prince Charles, of Roumania, married in September, 1918, a Miss Zyzis Lambrino, renounced the crown and accepted a lower rank in the army. His parents forced him to separata from his wife, but later he rejoined her, and then his parents forced a divorce. Meantime his wife has borne him a son and th* Crown Prince has made two attempts at.suicide. His father and his mother, King Ferdinand and Queen Marie, expect to visit the United States next spring; but if their caliber is shown by the treatment they have accorded their son and his' wife, they would better remain in Roumania, where they will be more appreciated.
When the World War came to an end King Ferdinand of Bulgaria fled first to Austria. There he was roused in the middle of the night and ordered to leave again. This he did, going this time to Germany. Neither the Swiss nor the Czecho-Slovakian government would grant him a place of refuge.
Russian and Asiatic Nobility
ABOUT 12:30 in the morning of July, 1918, as A the Czecho-Slovakian army was nearing Ekaterinburg, Siberia, where the Czar Nicholas and his family were then confined, the local commissary, , one Jourowsky, or Youroffsky, or Kourovsky, as it is variously spelled in English, ordered the death of all the captives; and there followed one of the bloodiest deeds of history.
The Czar and all the members of his entourage, eleven in number, including his wife and all his children, were taken to the cellar and killed by rifle fire, hand grenades and bayonets. The bodies were placed in a mcfor truck, carried eighteen miles into the woods and burned to ashes. The ashes were thrown into an abandoned mine shaft.
Numerous effects of the family were recovered from residents of Ekaterinburg; and from the mine shaft were obtained some jewelry, identified as belonging to the royal family, fragments of their bodies, and splinters of the hand grenades used in the work of destruction. Twenty-eight men were put on trial for the murder. .
Iri-is said that the beautiful crown jewels of Russia, in hiding since the overthrow of the Romanoffs, are now beginning to find their way into the London jewel market. This was the most valuable collection in Europe, estimated as worth .$100,800,000. The most important gem in the collection, the Koh-i-tur, together with its companion gem in the British crown, the Koh-i-noor, ouee constituted the eyes of the golden lion in front of the throne of the grand mogul at Delhi, India. If the grand mogul had understood the civilizing and Christianizing influences of modern explosives and poison gas he might have had these diamonds yet.
The crown of Catherine the Great, Russia’s principal diadem, was set with 2,536 diamonds. The czarina was exceedingly fond of diamonds. When the Kerensky government took charge of Russia and attempted to collect the crown, jewels, the crowns and other royal paraphernalia were found, but the original jewels had all been removed and paste jewels substituted. It is not known who did this; but it was a poor haul compared with what some of the profiteers in America have made during the war and since. We refer to the unprosecuted profiteers, still at liberty.
But three Romanoffs survived the massacre. One of these, Olga, age thirty-eight, the ex* Czar’s sister, was found by the Red Cross near Novotossiski, South Russia, where she was living in rags in a box ear. She was brought to-Belgrade on a relief train, hatless, with worn-out shoes and empty purse, glad to take a plateful of hot soup from the food kitchen. •
In April of this year the yacht Ostara escaped from Odessa with eleven members of the Russian nobility on board. When they got as far as the Roumanian coast, they were driven away by Roumanian guards, and the whole company committed suicide. Amid, gold, jewels, and 14,000,000 rubles in paper money, the entire company was found dead, the bodies floating in< the water which half filled the cabins. Six Russian noblewomen have recently drowned themselves in Lake Geneva, unable to earn an honorable living. ’
Tn Helsingfors, Finland, a Russian aristocrat earns a living by playing second violin in a restaurant; another bakes cakes at night which his wife sells during the day; another drives a drosky. carrying luggage and taking tips. F’ormer society leaders in 'worn and faded finery which they cannot replace can be seen on the streets any day. _
Constantinople has great'humbers'ot Rosian refugees, admirals without ships, generals without soldiers, courtiers without courts. Some are living by rough work as porters, others upon the charity of the Allies, others ujvon the proceeds of their furs and gems, while these last. The Russian ruble is now so greatly deteriorated that the simplest dinner costs about six thousand rubles—formerly $3,000.^
Occasionally there is a ray of sunshine left for £ some of these unfortunates. One Russian prin-' —eess who fled from Moscow married a Texan connected with the American relief expedition ,.and is now glad to be plain Mrs. Gillespie, of ; Houston, Texas. The estates of the Tolstoy family were seized for use as a public institution for_the education of the people; hut they were placed in charge of the Tolstoy family, - who are invited to live there and to act as - teachers, on the national payroll.
- Turkey has been divided up among the victors, Persia has been seized by England, CTuna has had no monarchs for a long time and the Emperor Yoshito of Japan has suffered a physical and mental collapse. When he recently - appeared in public he was cheered, instead of being greeted with the reverence of absolute quiet, as hitherto. This is the first sign of disin -tegration, a sign that the Japs are putting the monarch on a par with themselves. The Japanese royal family is believed to be the oldest in . the world, reaching back to near the beginning of the Christian era.
From the data here presented we think it clearly evident that all the kings of the world are making way for the great King, the true King, the Lord Jesus, "whose right it ic* to reign. With His kingdom established, which _ will tase place soon, there will be a full end of the remnants of royalty still hanging on to their titles and their incomes; and in a little time thereafter the ancient worthies — Abraham, Joseph, David, Moses, Daniel, and all the other notables of the B. C. era—will be brought back from the dead and made "princes in all the earth”.—Psahn 45:16.
Prohibition Misconceptions: Bu Frank Burnett Mr. Editor: Your article entitled "Prohibition at Work”, in your issue of May 12, while'good in some respects, is,-on the whole, rather misleading.
You say: "Grape culture languishes, as does that of the hop”. That is not the case in this state. I^have seen it stated by the Stockton ' Record, a pajter of perhaps the largest circulation of ally iu the interior of California, that seventy dollars per ton is being offered for the coming crop of grapes, and it is even thought that the price may go higher. In former times grapes sold from about ten to twenty-two dollars -per ton; andT have even known the price to be so low that in some districts they were not gathered at all . Hops are now quoted at one dollar per pound. So these interests are not suffering _ at all, but are prosperous. Barley, which is supposed to be used in the making of beer, never was higher that I can remember than during the last year. Therefore the liquor men’s direful predictions have failed to materialize.
Furthermore, you seem to think that the success of prohibition is due to the efforts of the -orthodox churches in its behalf. While it is strictly true that they did take the lead in the agitation for prohibition, it was not due. to their superior leadership, or to their influence alone. The church people afre greatly in the minority . in this state, in both numbers and influence. The voters who made prohibition a fact, were, as far as I have observed, for the most part outside of any religious organization. A great many of them were dissatisfied with what the preachers . were giving out in their campaigns for prohibit 1 tion. These complaints became so numerous' that I . wrote twice to the headquarters of the Anti-Saloon League requesting them to he more practical and to place their arguments more on economic grounds.
. Therefore I believe that the success of prohibition was rather in spite of the church leadership than as a result of it. Looked at from a material point of view it seems far more reasonable to suppose that the “dry” law won because the great mass of the people, seeing the evils growing out of the saloon, so obvious to aD, voted it out regardless of religion or their own personal habits in regard to liquor.
However, in accounting for the downfall of the liquor traffic is there not a higher reason than any that is usually given 1 It is said: "There is a tide in the affairs of men”. I take the position it was due to the fact that the "due time” had arrived for the tiquor traffic to go. Like Napoleon in his last defeat, it had made too many orphans, robbed too many women and children, gained great political power and thus came athwart the path of human progress, and in doing this came in conflict with the divine Power of the Universe, and hence its Waterloo. We may well believe that the benefits of prohibition already experienced, so wall set forth in your article, indicate the near approach of a Golden Age, "long foretold by seers and sages”.
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Petty Frauds and Their Detection
NOT merely do Americans have to keep themselves set in battle array against the brood of giant corporate enemies exacting huge but invisible taxation in the form of company profits, but against the little sneak thief of the retail dealer galvanized to activity by the boldness of his big brother in crime. Where the criminal of great wealth steals by thousands or millions, or tens of millions of dollars, the tiny weasel of business gets his a little at a time, by pennies, nickels or dimes. It is a pity that the river of trade should be polluted with the slimy trickles of petty fraud, but it is sometimes difficult to escape under present conditions.
Each person must be his own inspector of weights and measures, or continually suffer loss. He should see that all scales rest at the zero point without load, and must practise quick and accurate reading of scales. If there is any question as to correct weight, an honest dealer welcomes reweighing without protest or discussion.
Scales are "fixed” in a variety of ways. Meat dealers commonly use a flat-pan scale suspended from above with a dial indicator. A dishonest dealer may hang a lock or weight of several ounces in such a manner that the added -weight goes into the price of every purchase weighed. This fraud may he known by the fact that the scale will not rest at zero.
Computing scales are made to weigh falsely by adjusting them out of the level position. The indicator should rest at zero; but when out of level it may register several ounces too much on every article weighed". The customer should see whether the indicator hand rests at zero.
The iceman gets an excess profit by stretching his spiral-spring scale, until the spring is weakened, thus enabling him to obtain payment for several pounds more ice than he sells. This fault is ascertainable by observing whether the scale'hegisters zero when at rest.
In the equal balance scale, where merchandise in a tin scoop is balanced by weights, a rubber may connect the merchandise end of the scale with the^ase of the scale, making the merchandise seem to Keigh too mueh. Springs of various hands, oflroneealed weights, or the out-of-level position of the scale, may increase the buyer's already high cost of living. His self-protection lies in seeing that the scale balances freely.
When faulty measures are used customers are fooled in buying liquids, as follows:
Measures bent and denied, bottom cupped, measure leaky, syrup, oil, etc., caked on side or bottom, false bottom or side, or too short.
Liquid measures are falsely used for dry measures. Nursing bottles a,nd glass graduates are wrongly graduated, and should be compared with standards at drug stores or local office of weights and measures.
Every dry measure should be looked over. The bottom may be reduced in diameter and the sides relapped. This can be detected by the poor nailing.
Buyers can save money by observing the following suggestions:
Save a penny ; by refusing to accept weight of paper and parchment with cheese; by demanding a full quart of milk; by insisting pn full weight in the loaf of bread; by watching the man pump gasoline into the automobile.
Save two pennies: by demanding full weight for onions, etc.
Save a nickel: by demanding a full quart of berries; by not paying for weight of tray with the butter; by watching the iceman weigh the ice; by buying by the pound or the quart, not by the box or measure; by insisting on 15 pounds to the peck of potatoes.
Save a dime: By watching the meat man weigh the poultry; by refusing to accept coal bags not filled to the top; by buying a "pound” of candy, not a "box”.
Inaccurate linear measures defraud as fol-, lows: Yard-sticks are bent, warped or worn; advertising yard-sticks may be long or short by as much as half an inch; cloth tapes are inaccurately divided or are stretched or shrunken. Dealers should use steel tapes, and save losses for themselves or their customers.
It helps the high cost of living, if milk bottles are examined as to capacity; if the coal-man delivers 20 bags to the ton, and fills up his coal bags, or empties all the coal in your load; if purchases are made in definite quantities, as pounds, bushels, barrels, quarts, etc.; if buying in small quantities is avoided when possible; if purchases are not made by the "can”, “pail”, "basket”, or “box”; if the housewife equips herself with kitchen weights and a measure outfit to check all purchases; if false onmisleading state-
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ments in advertisements and other delinquents; cies are promptly reported in detail to the local fr- or state bureau of weights and measures.
The day of petty fraud and swindling the • common people is about over, nor will the bene-' ' fieiaries of such deceit be able to carry over . K. _ their ill-gotten gains into the impending Golden ■ . Age. For of that time it is written: “My princes [great men, profiteers] shall no more oppress niy people. Thus saith the Lord God, Let it suffice yon, O princes [great ones] of Israel ■" [so-called Christendom]: remove violence and spoil [exploitation], and execute judgment and justice, take away your exactions from my people, saith the Lord God- Ye shall have just balances, and a just ephah, and a just bath" (measures of capacity).—Ezekiel 45:8-10.
Wool Production: By B- E- Coffci*
WOOL has for thousands of years been used for* clothing. Most wool comes from the back of the sheep; and in the United States, the Western grazing. regions produce the largest quantities. Small flocks of sheep, however, may be seen on many of the farms in the East, and their presence is said to increase the fertility and productiveness of the soil. There are three principal grades of wool produced; coarse, medium and fine. The coarse wools are produced by the mutton breeds of sheep, such as Shropshire, Southdown, Hampshire, etc. The fine wools are produced by the French and American merino. Medium wool is produced by a crossing of the mutton and the merino breeds.
The coarse wool was in the greatest demand during the war and brought the highest prices. This was on account of the large quantities of this grade consumed by the Government in the manufacture of army uniforms and blankets. Now the fine wools are bringing the top prices; for they are in greater demand for worsted and fine woolen manufactures. Merino sheep are bred for wool production, and are the best adapted to range conditions, because they stand exposure and flock well together. The mutton breeds, as the term implies, are bred with mutton qualities uppermost in mind, and their fleece is giveij only secondary consideration.
The fleece is removed from the sheep once each year, the average weight of each fleece being about six pounds. Whether or not sheep shotfld have their fleece washed before shearing : has been a much debated question, but now the
general conclusion is that better results obtain by leaving the fleece unwashed. Since the coarse wool shrinks 30 percent when secured and the fine wool 50 percent, it can be easily seen that an enormous saving in transportation charges could be effected by installing securing' plants near the eenters of production. '
Not all of the shrinkage, however, is waste. -A good percentage of potash salts is nhh«triad, and these are. valuable ingredients of commercial fertilisers. Another valuable by-product removed in scouring is the natural wool-fat, called “lanoline”. This substance is extensively used by dairymen for sore and chapped udders,' and is valuable, too, in treating cracked hoofs. The labor of shearing has been greatly reduced by mechanical shears, and it is now possible for a skilled laborer to shear from 100 to 200 hea<F of sheep per day.
Each fleece, as it is removed from the sheep, ’ is tied separately and placed in the baling machine or wool sack. The sack in common use can be made to hold from two hundred to three — hundred fleeces. After Racking or baling the wool must be hauled to market and in South’ America this often means a journey of fifty miles or more. When marketed, the yool may-being the producer fifty or sixty cents per pound.
Before the Work! War there was just one woolen mill in the United States that made np wool on shares. It was possible to get a first class pair of woolen blankets weighing seven pounds for fourteen pounds of scoured wook It would take less than this amount of wool to obtain the material for a fine dress suit; and i> Texas the cost for tailoring was ten dollars. Now this mill no longer deals with the consumer; for it finds other avenues of trade more profitable. The .price for a suit, which could be made from ten or twelve pounds of wool in the grease, now ranges from sixty dollars up.
There is something radically wrong with our present system: it is based on selfishness. The great labor-saving machinery and methods of our day should be for the benefit of all. Each should enjoy in equity the fruits of his own labor. But this cannot be until man learns the futility of his own efforts to bring about righteousness. “Man's extremity will he God's opportunity’: and so it is written: ‘’The desire of . all nations shall come"—the long-looked-for Golden Age.—Haggai 2:7.
The Glories of Sunlight:
COME—let us give heed for a little while to that which is such a common thing in nature, to that which enters incessantly into our daily activities and which so often causes our hearts to throb with gladness, as it lends lustre to all we see and touch, to that glorious gift of our benevolent Creator which men call sunlight.
No matter how sunlight may be regarded we are conscious of the fact that all animate creation in connection with this sphere is dependent upon the daily bath of these precious rays; and if we could conceive of a complete cutting off of this suffusing radiance, we know that all things breathing would soon cease to exist; for sunlight is the prime essential for perception,* warmth, growth and health of plant and anima] life. We agree therefore with the words of the wise man (Ecclesiastes 11:7): "Truly light is sweet, and a pleasant thing it is to behold the sun”.
This element is so fundamental that 'all good gifts around us’ are dependent upon it for their own continued existence. The very earth began its course under the benign influences of some form of light. “Let there be light” was the initial divine command. Then command followed command till the earth, once dark and *without form and void,’ moved upon its axis, carrying with it countless creatures, small and great, in which was the 'breath of life’.
When the sun disappears at the close of the day and consigns us to darkness, we console ourselves for its absence as best we can, and adopt such, expedients for the' supply of light as ingenuity can devise. Howbeit night is always a time of gloom, and sometimes of dread, notwithstanding we know the sun will soon reappear. But should the bright orb forsake us for a few days—what then! It is recorded that during th£ three days of Egyptian darkness ‘they saw not one another, nor rose any from his place’; and Josephus the Jewish historian relates that many died miserably under its terrors.
But how long would it take for the world to become a dark dikinal chaos full of horror and desolation! ^Ehere would be no more cheerful colors or beautiful forms. The faces of our friends would cease to beam upon us. All the warmth of the atmosphere would speedily steal away and give place to universal frost. Arctic
By Frederic Lardent, D.B.O.E. (London.} explorers report that the effect of the long winter darkness in the polar regions is keenly depressing. Even the native dogs are unable to withstand it; the sight of a lighted candle—faint resemblance to the sun—has caused them to express the most exuberant cries of satisfaction. But death comes to many as a welcome release.
But to cut off the sun’s rays completely, would-cause the earth to grow exceedingly cold; and in such a state of things no living creature could survive. The trees would be blasted and withered; crops would die: beast and bird quickly yield their breath, and all mankind w.ould be involved in speedy destruction.
Without light of any kind everything is rendered invisible. Nothing could be distinguished, no matter how close to the eyes. Hence a complete absence of light equals the condition of total blindness, from which standpoint the gift of light and the faculty of sight are inseparable companions. Remove one or the other and darkness ensues to the individual. This is equally true concerning all the other senses which belong to the animal organism. Sound, for instance, is of no use without a hearing' apparatus, and the latter is unnecessary unless the former is in operation.
From this we learn the essentiality of an accurate formation of the various organs to correspond singly and collectively with the many influences which abound in nature. The fact that all is so well arranged, and justly proportioned, evidences conclusively that the Framer of nature’s laws was also Architect of the various functional organs. And here again we quote the words of Solomon—"The hearing ear, and the seeing eye, the Lord hath made even both of them”.—Proverbs 20:12.
The Sun'
Whatever value there is in the lesser sources of light, we know they pale into insignificance as compared to the sun. We do well therefore to cull together a few facts relative to that wonderful ruler of day. The deductions of science reveal that the sun is situated about ninety-three millions of miles away from the earth—a distance so great,that two hundred years would elapse before a locomotive, traveling at fifty miles an hour, without a stop, could
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. K The Golden Age for December 8, 1920 141
- reach a destination so remote. The sun, with : its entire planetary system, is transported in
L' space at the terrific speed of twelve miles a
second or more than forty thousand miles an - hour. It moves as a star among the fixed stars, of which there are upwards of a thousand mil- ’ lions. They travel at a somewhat similar speed;
» and though comparing favorably in size to our
. own adjacent sun, owing to their immense, distance, they appear as mere points of light.
Reasonably there must be some center around which these huge suns are circulating; and this . has been conjectured to be the Pleiades, a group - of stars the brightest of which is Alcyone. If this is indeed the source of all attraction, then ; there is a depth of meaning in that divine query
i . to Job: “Canst thou bind the sweet influences of ' Pleiades!” Another translation reads: “Canst
• thou bind the chains of the Pleiades!” (Job i 38:31) We answer: None can sever those
। mighty chains of power divine that bind and
unite the celestial luminaries together as parts of one grand whole. It was no less than Jehovah, who is in possession of all power and precision of judgment, that wound up the marvellous clock of the universe; and this particular clock t none can stop. It runs on forever.—Isaiah 45:18; Ecclesiastes 3:14.
' Truly it is quite beyond the scope of human conception to appreciate duly the celestial mechanism. We are appalled at the thought of millions of glowing suns of intense heat and power, travelling in their own particular orbits a thousand times faster than an express train, ■ in perfect ease and order, without danger of collision. The one who does not believe in the existence of a great Omnipotent Lawgiver is truly deserving of that Scriptural designation, “fool”. (Psalm 14:1) Well has the poet said:
. The one who says there is no God
Should study nature’s laws;
■ From worlds in space down to oar sod, There’s naught without a cause.
The laws which govern earth and sky, To God’s existence testify.
1 fx>ok aJ earth, see how plants grow
'Outhf a little seed:
. Tf-tinc could only wish to know
His God—this he would heed;
For plants all grow by certain laws, . Of which our God’s the only cause.
• Year after year from west to east Our planet round doth go:-And every star to say the least.
Some motion has, we know: These laws of motion tidings bring Of God, th# Everlasting King t
Who made the laws which govern space? Who makes to grow each seed? . .
Who gives each starry orb its place And bids it onward speed?
’Tig God the Lord" of earth and' sky -• His wondrous works do testify. .
The words of Isaiah (40:17,26,28) are ala® appropriate—"Lift up your eyes on high, and behold who hath created these things, that bringeth out their host by number; he caileth them all by name by the greatness of his might, for he is strong in power; not one faileth. Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard, that the everlasting God, the Lord,- the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary t There is no searching of his understanding. Behold the nations are as a drop of a bucket, and are counted as small dust of the balance/*
One remarkable feature about the sun is that it is the great reservoir, the iae-xhaustibie fountain of tight, heat, and energy, so essential to living creatures inhabiting this earth. The sun therefore stands preeminently as a symbol of that inexhaustible fountain of all life and blearing—‘The Lord is a sun and a shield’. (Psahn 84:11) The symbol is also appropriate for the Lord Jesus, who is now “the express image of the Father’s person”, and who" will arise as the Sun of Righteousness with healing in His wings. (Malachi 4:2) The saints, those faithful overcomers who have followed in their Master's footsteps, will “shine forth as the sun. in the kingdom of their Father”. (Matthew 13:43) They are thereby promised a nature akin to God’s and will therefore be fully equipped to dispense grace, blessing and life to the whole world in the Golden Age now dawning.—Romans 8:19-22.
What is Light?
What is it that the sun emits to mitigate darkness, and bring in the glories of day! The Emission Theory, at one time advanced, looked upon the sun as yielding a mass of luminous particles, propelled at tremendous force, and eventually reaching the earth in the form of light. This theory has since been abandoned in favor of the wave or undulatory theory. This assumes the existence of a fine elastic, subtle, invisible medium filling all space, permeating all matter, and called .ether; and it is the specific vibratory motion of this substance which results in light. The remarkable thing in this connection is that the agitated particles are not transmitted hut only the disturbance or vibration.
A suggestive example of this law is the casting of a stone into a placid pool of water. The result is the setting up of symmetrically everwidening waves or ripples arising from the force of impact and lessening in their power according to distance. The water corresponds to the all-pervading sether, the stone to the sun and the waves or ripples to light. Hence we see that just as those ever-widening circles of waves could not exist without water, so, too, light could not be formed without the presence of an elastic medium capable of vibratory motion.
Truly ffither must be a marvel of the Creator’s handiwork. It is interesting to note a scripture which, perhaps, establishes this scientific truth. In Isaiah 40: 22 we read of Him who “stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in”. The word “tent” has reference to a covering or dwelling place and is appropriately translated "tabernacle" in Psalm 19:4. .
The word “curtain” (Hebrew—doq) is rendered by learned Biblical expositors to mean “thin veil” or “film” or “fineness” giving the thought of a highly attenuated medium in which all the heavenly bodies move and by which they are all connected. Daniel prophesied that “knowledge shall be increased” (Daniel 12:4) and surely this astonishing discovery evidences the truth of this statement. By the practical use of this medium the Golden Age is being prepared to surpass, in time, even the fanciful dreamSof the idealist. Already astherical messages in the form of “wireless” are being sent world-wide in a moment of time. Ships in midocean may now receive and exchange news: and, more astounding still, sounds can now travel as fast as lighi through the medium of tether. As a practical example indicating the great strides which have been made in wireless telephony, the music of an orchestra has been heard hundreds of mil 's out in the Atlantic Ocean, while actually played at Chelmsford, near London, Eng.
Some Marvels of Light
Light travels at the astonishing rapidity of 186,000 miles per second; a velocity like that of light is capable of girdling the earth’s equator over four hundred times in a single minute; and light actually crosses those ninety-three millions of miles between the sun and the earth in eight minutes and fourteen seconds. Our nearest neighbor among the suns of space is Alpha Centauri and that is so far away that it takes about four years for its light to reach our eye. .When we strain our eyes through a telescope to distinguish points of light in the haze of the Milky Way, astronomers declare we are catching glimpses of light which started on its way -46 us before the opening of human history.
In other words, presuming that there were optical instruments efficient enough,' and that we were residing as far away from the earth as Alpha Centauri, we might be able to witness—■ through the transmitted light from this sphere— some of those dreadful scenes enacted during the Great War. From an abode billions of miles still farther away we might see—as though it were being enacted—the French Revolution or the American Wat of Independence. Farther away still we might discern our Master performing His miracles and ‘going about doing good’. At a still greater distance we might catch glimpses of the bursting of the flood of waters over all the earth and then receding; still farther we might watch the beautiful garden of Eden lit up by a glory of sunlight revealing the sweet innocence and perfect happiness of our first parents just prior to that dread fall. This seems an imaginative picture; but as to its possibility we have an evidence in photography which proves that light bears with it the precise expression of the condition of scenes and objects at the moment the light left them.
To our finite minds we are assured that much which may be said along these lines comes far short of Divine Power as indicated by the significant words, “The Lord looketh from heaven; he looketh upon all the sons of men, from the place of his habitation he looketh upon all the inhabitants of the earth”. (Psalm 33:14) Again, we read: “Neither is there any creature that is not manifest in his sight: but all things are naked and opened unto the eyes of him with whom we have to do”.—Hebrews 4:13. '
The velocity of light has been confirmed by
various means, one of which was through the i. - experiments of a young scientist,' Professor Hertz. In 1888 he discovered that by means of quite a simple apparatus he could send electro- magnetic waves across his room. Every time he ' made an electric spark from a battery he & noticed that a spark also was generated between * a small loop of wire held at a Little distance away, thus proving that some invisible force had been propelled abroad. In due course this led to the invention of wireless telegraphy, for the practical use of which we are largely indebted to Marconi. Hertz, morever, discovered that . these invisible waves travelled at precisely the : same velocity as that of light, evidencing
i thereby their close relationship as aetherical motion- Viewing "wireless” thus, as a form of light, we are aware that to produce a source of : energy sufficiently strong to send messages, say
12,000 miles away, needs machinery of tremen-। dous dynamic power. Hence, by way of conI trast, what vast dynamic strength the sun must
possess, which, though situated 93,000,000 miles ■ away, literally floods the earth with beautiful jetherieal vibrations! And, as it is gauged that i the earth intercepts only one twenty-two hili' lionth part of the sun’s mighty and glorious ■ radiations we are awed at the sublime spectacle : of that glorious creation.
It is well known that sunlight exerts a peculiar and vivifying force on the three kingdoms, of nature. Fruits, flowers, and animal life find it necessary to their prosperity, and the healthiest portions of a hospital are the wards which have the maximum of sunshine. The work done by it in the green leaves of trees in past ages resulting in vast coal seams must have been something enormous; and were it possible to produce the - data it would be an interesting problem to ascertain how many millions of tons of wood were annually produced by the chemical action of light. Light travels in its course with wonderful mathematical order and precision, and many books IvTve been written on this theme affording . a field of profound reflection for scientific minds. Passing through an arrangement of lenses light proceeding from far distant regions may be so affected thpt scenes and objects become appar-| ently near.^ Through another arrangement of I lenses the fhost minute objects are seen in. all their ingenuity and beauty. Optical instruments enabling light to serve innumerable useful ends ... v ? are now many and varied. Truly wonderful is
the discovery of photography by means of which ■ • light as it radiates from objects may be per- \ manently recorded. Then we have the X or 1 Rbntgen rays, which are able to pass through many opaque objects and are therefore of the ' ‘ utmost value in surgery, to detect growths, fractures, etc. ’
Heat rays, which are so markedly associated L
with those of light, play a wonderful part in < ’ nature. Suggestive of this we are aware of the powers of the common burning-glass. Most - . interesting experiments were performed by 1 Dr. Scovensky, the Arctic explorer, who lit many a fire in the polar regions with the aid of a piece • of iee, which he shaped in the form of a convex 1 lense which concentrates the sun’s rays exactly* ~ as though it were made of glass. ;
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The Symbolism of Light t I
Tracing as we have done some of the . ’
natural effects and marvels of sunlight, we । may perhaps see more clearly why the language flight and darkness’ is so expressive and full of . meaning. No wonder they are used as apt 1 metaphors denoting prosperity, happiness, and - ’
intelligence on the one hand and adversity, >
sorrow and ignorance, on. the other! In the. ■ .; Scriptures we find very appropriate eompari- j sons between light and truth: the latter affecting s 1 the mind and heart, illuminating and. uplifting them. Of the great source of ‘every good and .4 perfect gift* we read: “God is light and in him Is ; ■> no darkness at all”. (1 John 1:5) Concerning His message through the prophets we read: “We g
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